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Jung J, Fenelon A. Do later school start times improve adolescents' sleep and substance use? A quasi-experimental study. Prev Med 2024; 185:108028. [PMID: 38849057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A later school start time policy has been recommended as a solution to adolescents' sleep deprivation. We estimated the impacts of later school start times on adolescents' sleep and substance use by leveraging a quasi-experiment in which school start time was delayed in some regions in South Korea. METHODS A later school start time policy was implemented in 2014 and 2015, which delayed school start times by approximately 30-90 minutes. We applied difference-in-differences and event-study designs to longitudinal data on a nationally representative cohort of adolescents from 2010 to 2015, which annually tracked sleep and substance use of 1133 adolescents from grade 7 through grade 12. RESULTS The adoption of a later school start time policy was initially associated with a 19-minute increase in sleep duration (95% CI, 5.52 to 32.04), driven by a delayed wake time and consistent bedtime. The policy was also associated with statistically significant reductions in monthly smoking and drinking frequencies. However, approximately a year after implementation, the observed increase in sleep duration shrank to 7 minutes (95% CI, -12.60 to 25.86) and became statistically nonsignificant. Similarly, the observed reduction in smoking and drinking was attenuated a year after. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that policies that increase sleep in adolescents may have positive effects on health behaviors, but additional efforts may be required to sustain positive impacts over time. Physicians and education and health policymakers should consider the long-term effects of later school start times on adolescent health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilli Jung
- Department of Education Policy Studies, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
| | - Andrew Fenelon
- School of Public Health, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, MN, USA
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Wang D, Li Y, Fan Y, Ma Z, Sun M, Liu X, Fan F. Bidirectional associations between short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02490-y. [PMID: 38834874 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02490-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the prospective associations between short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. This study utilized a three-timepoint repeated cross-sectional survey with two nested longitudinal subsamples. A total of 17,722 adolescents were assessed at baseline (April 21 to May 12, 2021) and six months later (December 17 to 26, 2021). Out of these, 15,694 adolescents provided complete responses to the questions at baseline and one year later (May 17 - June 6, 2022). A self-administered questionnaire was used to measure sample characteristics (at baseline), sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and PLEs (at each assessment), and negative life events (at two follow-ups). Baseline short sleep duration and insomnia symptoms predicted frequent PLEs at both follow-up assessments. Additionally, baseline frequent PLEs also predicted insomnia symptoms at six months and one year later. However, when controlling for confounders, PLEs at baseline only predicted short sleep duration at six months, and not at one year. This study reveals bidirectional prospective relationships between short sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and PLEs, even after controlling for covariates. Therefore, it is crucial to assess both sleep patterns and PLEs in order to promote optimal sleep and mental health among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunge Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Social Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, Guangdong Emergency Response Technology Research Center for Psychological Assistance in Emergencies, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Weitzman ER, Minegishi M, Wisk LE, Levy S. Substance Use and Educational Impacts in Youth With and Without Chronic Illness. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:279-290. [PMID: 37802307 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine are commonly used psychoactive substances that affect adolescent neurocognition. Little is known about the educational impacts of their use on measures of educational performance, participation and problems, especially among youth with a chronic illness who may use these substances to alleviate stress and symptoms. METHODS Adolescents receiving general or subspecialty care were administered an electronic survey from 2016 to 2018. Data were analyzed in 2023. Using modified Poisson models, cross-sectional associations between past 12-month usage of alcohol, cannabis, and/or nicotine and educational impacts were estimated. RESULTS Among 958 adolescents (mean age 16.0 years (SD 1.3), 564 (58.9%) female gender, 445 (46.5%) in subspecialty care), 294 (30.7%), 220 (23.0%), and 126 (13.2%) reported past 12-month use of alcohol, cannabis, and nicotine respectively, while 407 (42.5%) reported ≥1 educational impact, including recent lower grades 210 (21.9%), past 3-month truancy from school 164 (17.1%) or activities 170 (17.7%), and detention 82 (8.6%). Use of cannabis, but not other substances, was associated with negative educational impacts: lower grades (mostly C's/D's/F's), adjusted prevalence ratios [APR, (95% CI)] 1.54 (1.13-2.11); past 3-month truancy from school [2.16 (1.52-3.07)]; detention [2.29 (1.33-3.94)]. The association between cannabis use and any negative educational impact was stronger among adolescents with a chronic illness (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among adolescents, cannabis use was associated with a heightened risk of negative educational impacts, even after controlling for alcohol and nicotine use. Adolescents with chronic illness were especially likely to experience negative educational impacts. Findings underscore need for preventive interventions and messaging to reduce risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa R Weitzman
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Machiko Minegishi
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren E Wisk
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sharon Levy
- Division of Addiction Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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4
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Welty CW, Gerald LB, Nair US, Haynes PL. Vaping and Sleep as Predictors of Adolescent Suicidality. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:39-46. [PMID: 35786017 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate sleep quantity as a moderator of vaping and self-reported suicidality among adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional. Setting: United States high schools. SAMPLE 10,520 high-school students with complete data on the primary outcome of suicide attempt in the past year (76.9% response rate). MEASURES 2019 Youth Risk Behaviors Survey. ANALYSIS Logistic regression to examine main effects and potential moderation. RESULTS Students with under seven sleep hours on school nights (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 2.1-3.3) and who vaped in the past month (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 2.1-3.9) had higher odds of attempting suicide in the last year. Sleep quantity moderated the relationship between vaping and suicidal thoughts in the past year (P = .01) but did not moderate the relationship between vaping and a suicide plan (P = .15) or suicide attempts (P = .06). Specifically, vaping had a smaller effect on suicidal thoughts among students who slept under seven hours on school nights (OR = 1.8) compared to the descriptively larger effect among participants with more sleep (OR = 2.5). CONCLUSIONS Students who vape or report low sleep quantity would be ideal participants in suicide prevention interventions as they may be at higher risk for suicidality. Organizations implementing sleep or vaping interventions should incorporate information regarding the higher odds of suicide among students with low sleep quantity or vaping habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Welty
- Health Promotion Sciences, 48710Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lynn B Gerald
- Health Promotion Sciences, 48710Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Uma S Nair
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, 12216College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Patricia L Haynes
- Health Promotion Sciences, 48710Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Baiden P, Spoor SP, Nicholas JK, Brown FA, LaBrenz CA, Spadola C. Association between use of electronic vaping products and insufficient sleep among adolescents: Findings from the 2017 and 2019 YRBS. Sleep Med 2023; 101:19-27. [PMID: 36334497 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although studies have investigated the association between cigarette smoking and sleep outcomes among adolescents in the United States, few studies have examined the association between electronic vaping products (EVPs) use and insufficient sleep among adolescents. The objective of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between the use of EVPs and insufficient sleep among adolescents. METHODS Data were pooled from the 2017 and 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 28,135 adolescents (51.2% female) was analyzed using binary logistic regression. The dependent variable investigated was insufficient sleep, and the main independent variable was the use of EVPs. RESULTS Of the 28,135 adolescents, 22.6%, 19.2%, and 58.2% were current, former, and never users of EVPs, respectively. More than three in four adolescents (76.5%) did not obtain the recommended 8 h of sleep on an average school night. Controlling for demographic factors and other covariates, adolescents who currently used EVPs had 1.33 times higher odds of having insufficient sleep (AOR = 1.33, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.16-1.52), and adolescents who previously used EVPs had 1.29 times higher odds of having insufficient sleep (AOR = 1.29, p < .001, 95% CI = 1.15-1.44) when compared to adolescents who had never used EVPs. Adolescents were more likely to get insufficient sleep if they were older, non-Hispanic Black, had symptoms of depression, experienced suicidal ideation, engaged in excessive screen-time behaviors, or currently used alcohol. Physical activity had a protective effect on insufficient sleep. CONCLUSION This study found that EVPs use was associated with insufficient sleep among adolescents over and above demographic and other covariates. As EVP use increases among adolescents, it is important to consider the potential impact on multiple domains, including sleep. Future studies that employ longitudinal designs may offer additional insight into the mechanisms underlying the association between EVPs use and insufficient sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St, Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
| | - Samantha P Spoor
- University of Wyoming, Department of Psychology, 1000 E. University Ave, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Julia K Nicholas
- University of Louisville, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Room 307 Life Sciences Building, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Fawn A Brown
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Psychology, 501 Nedderman Dr, Box 19528, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Catherine A LaBrenz
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St, Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Christine Spadola
- The University of Texas at Arlington, School of Social Work, 211 S. Cooper St, Box 19129, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
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Diendéré J, Bosu WK, Ouédraogo WLR, Ouattara S, Konsem T, Zeba AN, Kouanda S. How alcohol and/or tobacco use and raised glycemia are associated with oral hygiene practices among Burkinabè adults: Evidence from the first national non-communicable disease risk factors survey. Prev Med Rep 2022; 28:101854. [PMID: 35757578 PMCID: PMC9218160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy oral hygiene practices were common among adults in Burkina Faso. At about 39% used either alcohol or tobacco and 8% had raised glycemia. Substance uses and unhealthy oral hygiene practices were correlated. An abnormal metabolic component and poor oral hygiene practices were interrelated. Behavioral lifestyle interventions should be integrated for better health outcomes.
Socio-demographic correlates with oral hygiene practices are commonly investigated. The present study aimed to determine whether alcohol and/or tobacco use and hyperglycemia were associated with oral hygiene practices among Burkinabè adults. This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 4550 adults selected through multistage cluster sampling performed during the first WHO STEPS survey conducted in 2013 in Burkina Faso. The practices we considered were the frequencies of tooth cleaning, the fluoridated toothpaste use and the dentist visit within the past-six months. We collected data on self-reported alcohol and tobacco use and measured fasting blood glucose (FBG). About 82.8% of respondent reported they cleaned their teeth at least once a day, 31.5% cleaned them at least twice a day, 25.4% used fluoridated toothpaste, 2.2% had visited a dentist in the past six months, 38.8% used either alcohol or tobacco and 8.4% had raised FBG. After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, alcohol and/or tobacco use was an unfavorable factor for tooth cleaning at least once a day [aOR = 0.7 (0.6–0.8) p < 0.001], or at least twice a day [aOR = 0.6 (0.5–0.7) p < 0.001]. Moreover, raised FBG was negatively associated with cleaning tooth at least twice a day [aOR = 0.7 (0.5–0.9) p < 0.01] or the use of fluoridated toothpaste [aOR = 0.7 (0.6–0.9) p < 0.05]. Oral health education in addition to cardiovascular risk factor reduction should be efficiently integrated in the behavioral lifestyle interventions’ strategies for the non-communicable diseases’ prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeoffray Diendéré
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (IRSS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - William Kofi Bosu
- Department of Public Health and Research, West African Health Organisation (WAHO), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | | | - Séni Kouanda
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (IRSS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Institut Africain de Santé Publique (IAPS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Kaur N, Hamilton AD, Chen Q, Hasin D, Cerda M, Martins SS, Keyes KM. Age, Period, and Cohort Effects of Internalizing Symptoms Among US Students and the Influence of Self-Reported Frequency of Attaining 7 or More Hours of Sleep: Results From the Monitoring the Future Survey 1991-2019. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1081-1091. [PMID: 35048117 PMCID: PMC9393068 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescent internalizing symptoms have increased since 2010, whereas adequate sleep has declined for several decades. It remains unclear how self-reported sleep attainment has affected internalizing-symptoms trends. Using 1991-2019 data from the Monitoring the Future Study (n ~ 390,000), we estimated age-period-cohort effects in adolescent internalizing symptoms (e.g., loneliness, self-esteem, self-derogation, depressive affect) and the association with yearly prevalence of a survey-assessed, self-reported measure of attaining ≥7 hours of sleep most nights. We focused our main analysis on loneliness and used median odds ratios to measure variance in loneliness associated with period differences. We observed limited signals for cohort effects and modeled only period effects. The feeling of loneliness increased by 0.83% per year; adolescents in 2019 had 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.87) increased log odds of loneliness compared with the mean, which was consistent by race/ethnicity and parental education. Girls experienced steeper increases in loneliness than boys (P < 0.0001). The period-effect median odds ratio for loneliness was 1.16 (variance = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.17) before adjustment for self-reported frequency of getting ≥7 hours sleep versus 1.07 (variance = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03) after adjustment. Adolescents across cohorts are experiencing worsening internalizing symptoms. Self-reported frequency of <7 hours sleep partially explains increases in loneliness, indicating the need for feasibility trials to study the effect of increasing sleep attainment on internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navdep Kaur
- Correspondence to Navdep Kaur, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Room 723, 722 W 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 (e-mail: )
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da Costa BGG, Chaput JP, Lopes MVV, Gaya AR, Silva DAS, Silva KS. Association between sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors and accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviours in Brazilian adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:3297-3305. [PMID: 33993399 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours were evidenced as correlates of self-reported 24-hour movement behaviours in high-income settings. However, it is unclear how these relations occur in a middle-income country setting, with unique cultural and social characteristics. This study aimed to examine the association between sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors with accelerometer-measured 24-hour movement behaviours in Brazilian adolescents. Information on sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), family structure, dietary behaviours, and history of substance use were collected by a questionnaire. Sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, and light- and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (LPA and MVPA) were measured using wrist-worn accelerometers. On average, females slept more (β = 21.09, 95%CI 13.18; 28.98), engaged in more LPA (β = 17.60, 95%CI 8.50; 27.13), and engaged in less sedentary behaviour (β = -16.82, 95%CI -30.01; -4.30) and MVPA (β = -4.76, 95%CI -7.48; -1.96) than males. Age and sedentary behaviour were positively associated (β = 8.60, 95%CI 2.53; 14.64). Unprocessed foods were positively related to LPA (β = 2.21, 95%CI 0.55; 3.92), whereas processed foods were positively related to sedentary behaviour (β = 3.73, 95%CI 0.03; 7.38) and inversely related to MVPA (β = -0.89, 95%CI -1.68; -0.10). Family structure, SES, and substance use factors were not significantly associated with any 24-hour movement behaviour.Conclusions: Sex, age, and dietary behaviours, unlike SES or substance use, were associated with 24-hour movement behaviours in this sample of Brazilian adolescents and are important factors to consider in interventions, policies, and practice. What is Known: • The 24-hour movement behaviours are composed of sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity and are important determinants of health. • Most adolescents do not engage in adequate levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep, and there is a need to better understand factors related to these behaviours. What is New: • Sex, age, and dietary behaviours were associated with the 24-hour movement behaviours. • No associations were found between socioeconomic status and substance use with the 24-hour movement behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus Vinicius Veber Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Projeto Esporte Brasil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Kelly Samara Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
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Hu N, Wang C, Liao Y, Dai Q, Cao S. Smoking and incidence of insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Public Health 2021; 198:324-331. [PMID: 34507139 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of smoking on the incidence of insomnia. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and OVID were searched through March 2020. Cohort studies reporting the effect of smoking on the incidence of insomnia were included. We quantitatively analyzed the basic framework and study characteristics and then pooled estimate effects with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of outcomes of each included study using fixed-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS This systematic review included six cohort studies involving 12,445 participants. Quantitatively summarized results suggested that smoking could significantly increase the incidence of insomnia (odds ratio [OR]: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13). Regular smoking was significantly associated with the incidence of insomnia (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.13). As for occasional smokers and ex-smokers, the pooled analysis did not indicate a significant association (occasional smoker: OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 0.44, 9.95; ex-smoker; OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.67, 1.54). Subgroup analysis by age, gender ratio, and region showed a statistically significant relationship between smoking and the incidence of insomnia in specific groups. CONCLUSIONS Integrated longitudinal observational evidence identified smoking as a significant risk factor of insomnia. Considering the limited amount of available studies, more high-quality and prospective cohort studies of large sample sizes are needed to explore details of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - C Wang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Y Liao
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Q Dai
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - S Cao
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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10
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Guo L, Wang W, Wang T, Zhao M, Wu R, Lu C. The Longitudinal Association between Sleep Duration and Suicidal Behavior among Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drug. Behav Sleep Med 2021; 19:589-601. [PMID: 32967469 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1822361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Abnormal sleep and nonmedical use of prescription drugs are known to be factors associated with suicidal behavior, but the nature of the association between weekday sleep duration and suicidal behavior has not been elucidated. Nonmedical use of prescription drugs may play a mediator role in the association mentioned above. PARTICIPANTS There were a total of 3,273 high school students interviewed at baseline with a response rate of 96.8% and followed up at one year (retention rate, 96.1%). The mean (SD) age of the students was 13.7 (1.0) years. METHODS Data were drawn from the longitudinal data of the School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. A total of 12 high schools were selected in Guangzhou. Suicidal behavior, weekday sleep duration, and nonmedical use of prescription drugs were measured. RESULTS Sleeping < 7 hours/day at time 0 was positively associated with suicidal ideation (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.21-1.89) and suicide attempts (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.02-5.38) at time 1. The mediation analyses showed that baseline opioids misuse or sedatives misuse partially mediated the associations of baseline short weekday sleep duration with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Baseline short weekday sleep duration was positively associated with subsequent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and nonmedical use of opioids or sedatives partially mediated the associations mentioned above. Suicidal behavior can be prevented, short weekday sleep duration and nonmedical use of prescription drugs may be risk factors for suicidal behavior, and the respective roles of these factors are needed to be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijun Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Combustible and electronic cigarette use and insufficient sleep among U.S. high school students. Prev Med 2021; 147:106505. [PMID: 33667467 PMCID: PMC8096720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the relationships between current exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive combustible cigarette smoking, and dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, and insufficient sleep among U.S. adolescents. We conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey including 11,296 U.S. high school students. Current (past 30-day) tobacco use groups included exclusive e-cigarette users, exclusive combustible cigarette smokers, and dual-product users. We performed weighted unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses. Insufficient sleep was defined as <8 h/night and < 7 h/night. Overall, 73.4% of adolescents reported insufficient sleep <8 h/night. Compared with non-tobacco users, exclusive e-cigarette users were more likely to report insufficient sleep <8 h/night (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.12-2.14; adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.01-2.43) and < 7 h/night (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.19-2.01; aOR = 1.61, 95%CI = 1.16-2.24). Dual-product users were at increased odds to report insufficient sleep <8 h/night (OR = 3.15, 95%CI = 1.87-5.32) and < 7 h/night (OR = 2.64, 95%CI = 1.87-3.72; aOR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.14-2.62) than non-tobacco users. Exclusive combustible cigarette smokers were less likely to report insufficient sleep <8 h/night (aOR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.29-0.84) than non-tobacco users, but no differences were found based on insufficient sleep <7 h/night. When comparing current use groups, exclusive e-cigarette users were at 3.20 increased odds (95%CI = 1.65-6.22) and dual-product users were at 3.26 increased odds (95%CI = 1.51-7.03) to report insufficient sleep <8 h/night when compared with exclusive combustible cigarette smokers after covariate adjustment. Dual-product users were 1.89 times more likely (95%CI = 1.01-3.51) to report insufficient sleep <7 h/night when compared with exclusive combustible cigarette smokers. School-based prevention efforts for tobacco use may promote sufficient sleep in youth.
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12
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Prescription opioid misuse among adolescents and emerging adults in the United States: A scoping review. Prev Med 2020; 132:105972. [PMID: 31904397 PMCID: PMC7024638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. opioid epidemic is a critical public health problem. As substance use and misuse typically begin in adolescence and emerging adulthood, there is a critical need for prevention efforts for this key developmental period to disrupt opioid misuse trajectories, reducing morbidity and mortality [e.g., overdose, development of opioid use disorders (OUD)]. This article describes the current state of research focusing on prescription opioid misuse (POM) among adolescents and emerging adults (A/EAs) in the U.S. Given the rapidly changing nature of the opioid epidemic, we applied PRISMA Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines to identify empirical articles published in the past 5 years (January 2013-September 2018) from nine databases examining POM among A/EAs (ages 10-25) in the U.S. Seventy-six articles met our inclusion criteria focusing on POM in the following areas: cross-sectional surveys (n = 60), longitudinal cohort studies (n = 5), objective, non-self-reported data sources (n = 9), and interventions (n = 2). Final charted data elements were organized by methodology and sample, with results tables describing design, sample, interventions (where applicable), outcomes, and limitations. Most studies focused on the epidemiology of POM and risk/protective factors, including demographic (e.g., sex, race), individual (e.g., substance use, mental health), and social (e.g., peer substance use) factors. Despite annual national surveys conducted, longitudinal studies examining markers of initiation and escalation of prescription opioid misuse (e.g., repeated overdoses, time to misuse) are lacking. Importantly, few evidence-based prevention or early intervention programs were identified. Future research should examine longitudinal trajectories of POM, as well as adaptation and implementation of promising prevention approaches.
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Brett EI, Miller MB, Leavens ELS, Lopez SV, Wagener TL, Leffingwell TR. Electronic cigarette use and sleep health in young adults. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12902. [PMID: 31486154 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Poor sleep health is associated with numerous health concerns, and sleep problems are exacerbated by cigarette smoking. Although rates of traditional tobacco use are declining, rates of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use are comparatively high and growing. Given that nicotine is a primary mechanism by which smoking negatively impacts sleep health, e-cigarette use may also be linked to poor sleep health; however, no research has investigated this association. Participants were 1,664 college students, 40.9% of whom reported ever trying or currently using an e-cigarette. Questionnaires assessed demographic information, sleep health and e-cigarette use status and patterns. All measures were completed remotely via a secure online survey. Analysis of covariance was used to compare the sleep health of daily/non-daily e-cigarette users to (a) non-users and (b) users of combustible cigarettes. Gender and drinks per week were included as covariates in analyses. Current combustible and e-cigarette users reported significantly more sleep difficulties than never users. Users of e-cigarettes reported greater use of sleep medication than combustible cigarette users. Similar to combustible cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use (vs. non-use) was associated with worse sleep health, even among non-daily e-cigarette users. These findings may indicate a need for assessment of and education on the role of e-cigarette use in sleep health among individuals who report experimentation with or current use of e-cigarettes. Future research should examine these relationships prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma I Brett
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | | | - Susanna V Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Theodore L Wagener
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Medical Oncology and Center for Tobacco Research, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Thad R Leffingwell
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Guo L, Luo M, Wang W, Huang G, Zhang WH, Lu C. Association between weekday sleep duration and nonmedical use of prescription drug among adolescents: the role of academic performance. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28:1265-1275. [PMID: 30778765 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonmedical use of prescription drug (NMUPD) among adolescents has increased substantially over the last 2 decades, and evidence suggests that sleep duration may impact upon drug use and academic performance. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sleep duration, NMUPD, and academic performance among Chinese adolescents, to test the independent associations of sleep duration with NMUPD, and to investigate whether these associations vary by academic performance. Data were from the 2015 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey using a multi-stage, stratified-cluster, random-sampling method to collect information from 162,601 high school students [mean age (SD) =15.2 (1.9) years; 47.4% were male] from 42 cities in China. The weighted prevalence of sleeping ≤ 5 h/weekday was 1.1% (95% CI, 1.0-1.1%), and the weighted prevalence of sleeping > 9 h/weekday was 7.6% (95% CI 7.4-7.7%). After adjusting for significant covariates and academic performance, the results showed that compared with those with 7-9 h/weekday sleep duration, students reporting ≤5 h/weekday were more likely to misuse opioids (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.73-2.59), sedatives (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.65-2.42), and any prescription drug use (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.60-2.23); students with>9 h/weekday sleep duration were also at a higher risk of opioids use, sedative use, and any prescription drug misuse; the U-shaped association of sleep duration with NMUPD was found. Moreover, there exist significant associations between weekday sleep duration and NMUPD among Chinese adolescents, and academic performance plays a moderating role in the aforementioned associations. The efforts to prevent NMUPD should be focused on adolescents who report abnormal sleep duration or poor academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhang
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Research Center for Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan Rd 2, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Sleep deprivation: prevalence and associated factors among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Sleep Med 2019; 53:165-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Short MA, Weber N. Sleep duration and risk-taking in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 41:185-196. [PMID: 29934128 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Risk-taking is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among adolescents, with insufficient sleep a potential factor contributing to heightened risk-taking propensity in this age group. A systematic review of the evidence examining the relationship between sleep duration and risk-taking in adolescents was conducted using PsycINFO, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. These searches identified 26 studies including 579,380 participants, 24 of which were appropriate for meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that insufficient sleep was associated with 1.43 [1.26, 1.62] times greater odds of risk-taking. This relationship was witnessed across diverse categories of risk-taking, including alcohol use, drug use, smoking, violent/delinquent behaviour, transport risk-taking/road safety, sexual risk-taking and trait risk-taking. Risk of bias analysis showed that the quality of the included studies was mixed. Further, few studies utilized either longitudinal or experimental designs, thus limiting causal conclusions. These findings highlight the importance of further research to examine the causal relationship between sleep duration and risk-taking and to elucidate the mechanisms that underpin this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Short
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Nathan Weber
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Perceived school safety, perceived neighborhood safety, and insufficient sleep among adolescents. Sleep Health 2018; 4:429-435. [PMID: 30241657 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether perceptions of school safety and neighborhood safety are associated with insufficient sleep during adolescence. DESIGN The Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (FYSAS) is a cross-sectional study of adolescents. SETTING The state of Florida. PARTICIPANTS Middle-school and high-school students (n = 7,958) attending public schools in 2017. MEASUREMENTS Based on National Sleep Foundation recommendations, sleep was categorized as insufficient (less than 7 hours) or sufficient (7 or more hours) using self-reports of average sleep duration on school nights. Self-reports of perceived safety at school and perceived safety in one's neighborhood were modeled as predictors of insufficient sleep in logistic regression models when accounting for several covariates. RESULTS Adjusting for model covariates, the odds of insufficient sleep among adolescents who feel unsafe both at school and in their neighborhood are 129% greater relative to adolescents who feel safe in both contexts. In comparison, the odds of insufficient sleep among adolescents who feel unsafe only at school are 39% greater relative to adolescents who feel safe both at school and in their neighborhood, and the odds of insufficient sleep among adolescents who feel unsafe only in their neighborhood are 71% greater relative to adolescents who feel safe both at school and in their neighborhood. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that efforts to improve the safety of salient social contexts in which adolescents develop may reduce the likelihood of insufficient sleep faced by a large portion of school-aged children.
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Ehlers CL, Wills D, Gilder DA. A history of binge drinking during adolescence is associated with poorer sleep quality in young adult Mexican Americans and American Indians. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1775-1782. [PMID: 29589068 PMCID: PMC6013062 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Binge drinking during adolescence is common, and adolescents and young adults with alcohol problems may also have sleep difficulties. However, few studies have documented the effects of a history of adolescent binge drinking on sleep in young adulthood in high-risk minority populations. OBJECTIVES To quantify sleep disturbance, as indexed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), in a sample of young adult Mexican American and American Indian men and women (18-30 years, n = 800) with and without a history of alcohol binge drinking during adolescence, controlling for age, gender, and race. RESULTS Gender was found to affect PSQI responses with females reporting waking up at night, having more bad dreams, and later habitual bedtimes than males, and males reporting more problems with breathing and snoring. Increasing age was associated with snoring or coughing, less hours spent in bed, and later evening bedtimes. Race also influenced the PSQI with American Indians reporting longer sleep latencies and sleep durations, more hours spent in bed, and more trouble with coughing and snoring than Mexican Americans, and Mexican Americans reporting later bedtimes. A history of adolescent regular binge drinking was associated with longer sleep latencies, more problems with breathing, bad dreams, and an overall higher PSQI total score, when controlling for age, race, and gender. CONCLUSIONS This report suggests, like what has been found in young adults in general population samples, that binge drinking during adolescence is associated with deleterious consequences on sleep quality in young adulthood in these high-risk and understudied ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Ehlers
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-1501, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Derek Wills
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-1501, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - David A Gilder
- Department of Neurosciences, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, SP30-1501, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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19
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Chang LY, Chang HY, Wu WC, Lin LN, Wu CC, Yen LL. Dual Trajectories of Sleep Duration and Cigarette Smoking during Adolescence: Relation to Subsequent Internalizing Problems. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Patte KA, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Modifiable predictors of insufficient sleep durations: A longitudinal analysis of youth in the COMPASS study. Prev Med 2018; 106:164-170. [PMID: 29109016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to simultaneously examine commonly proposed risk and protective factors for sleep deprivation over time among a large cohort of Ontario and Alberta secondary school students. Using 4-year linked longitudinal data from youth in years 1 through 4 (Y1[2012/2013], Y2[2013/2014], Y3[2014/2015], Y4[2015/2016]) of the COMPASS study (n=26,205), the likelihood of students meeting contemporary sleep recommendations was tested based on their self-reported substance use, bullying victimization, physical activity, and homework and screen time. Models controlled for the effect of student-reported gender, race/ethnicity, grade, school clustering, and all other predictor variables. Relative to baseline, students became less likely to meet the sleep recommendations if at follow-up they had initiated binge drinking, experienced cyber bullying victimization, or were spending more time doing homework, with other factors held constant. The likelihood of reporting sufficient sleep increased if students had begun engaging in resistance training at least three times a week. No longitudinal effect was observed when students increased their caffeine consumption (energy drinks, coffee/tea), initiated cannabis or tobacco use, experienced other forms of bullying victimization (physical, verbal, or belongings), engaged in more moderate-vigorous physical activity, or increased their screen use of any type. Few of the commonly purported modifiable risk and protective factors for youth sleep deprivation held in multinomial longitudinal analyses. Causal conclusions appear premature, with further research required to confirm the targets likely to be most effective in assisting more youth in meeting the sleep recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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21
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School start time effects on adolescent learning and academic performance, emotional health and behaviour. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2017; 30:485-490. [PMID: 28858008 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The investigation of the relationship between the time of day that school begins and the effects it could have on students began in the mid-1990s. Since that time, many articles have been written either for the medical literature or the educational literature. This review is intended to bridge that gap by examining together the findings for both academic and health outcomes, exploring what we know and what is needed in further investigation. RECENT FINDINGS Teens who are sleep deficient (defined as obtaining less than 8 h per night) because of early starting time for their school are much more likely to engage in risky behaviours, such as drug, cigarette and alcohol use, have significant feelings of depression, get lower grades and are at greater risk for car crashes. Many studies of academic performance and later school start time indicate benefits, although further research is needed to understand the related mechanisms that contribute to improvements in achievement. Recent research in adolescent sleep and outcomes is being shaped by not only measuring sleep duration, but also examining the timing in which sleep occurs. SUMMARY Early school starting time for middle and high students has a clear, deleterious effect on their health and well being. Most recently, sleep deficit in teens is being viewed as a public health issue that needs a wider discussion about its impact and it necessitates improved public education about the sleep phase shift that occurs during adolescence.
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Marmorstein NR. Interactions Between Energy Drink Consumption and Sleep Problems: Associations with Alcohol Use Among Young Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2017; 7:111-116. [PMID: 28875062 PMCID: PMC5582584 DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2017.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Energy drink consumption and sleep problems are both associated with alcohol use among adolescents. In addition, caffeine consumption (including energy drinks) is associated with sleep problems. However, information about how these three constructs may interact is limited. The goal of this study was to examine potential interactions between energy drink consumption and sleep problems in the concurrent prediction of alcohol use among young adolescents. Coffee and soda consumption were also examined for comparison. Methods: Participants from the Camden Youth Development Study were included (n = 127; mean age = 13.1; 68% Hispanic, 29% African American) and questionnaire measures of frequency of caffeinated beverage consumption (energy drinks, coffee, and soda), sleep (initial insomnia, sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue, and sleep duration), and alcohol consumption were used. Regression analyses were conducted to examine interactions between caffeinated beverage consumption and sleep in the concurrent prediction of alcohol use. Results: Energy drink consumption interacted with initial insomnia and daytime fatigue to concurrently predict particularly frequent alcohol use among those with either of these sleep-related problems and energy drink consumption. The pattern of results for coffee consumption was similar for insomnia but reached only a trend level of significance. Results of analyses examining soda consumption were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Young adolescents who both consume energy drinks and experience initial insomnia and/or daytime fatigue are at particularly high risk for alcohol use. Coffee consumption appears to be associated with similar patterns. Longitudinal research is needed to explain the developmental pathways by which these associations emerge, as well as mediators and moderators of these associations.
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Patte KA, Qian W, Leatherdale ST. Sleep duration trends and trajectories among youth in the COMPASS study. Sleep Health 2017; 3:309-316. [PMID: 28923185 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited Canadian studies have examined youth sleep over time. This study explored sleep duration over recent years among youth, patterns over the course of secondary school, and subgroups at greater risk of sleep deprivation and problematic trajectories. DESIGN Longitudinal survey. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Secondary school students in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. MEASURES AND ANALYSES In cross-sectional analyses, student-reported sleep duration was analyzed in three waves of the COMPASS study (Y2: 2013/2014, Y3: 2014/2015, Y4: 2015/2016), and differences by student-level (race/ethnicity, grade, sex) and school-level (urbanicity, median household income) variables were tested in the most recent wave. For the longitudinal analyses, group-based trajectory modeling was conducted using 3-year linked data, adding risk factors as predictors of problematic trajectories. RESULTS Average sleep durations declined over the 3 study waves, resulting in less than half of youth meeting the guideline of 8-10 hours per night. Four trajectory groups comprised almost 90% of participants, with 8.8% of students classified as long sleepers, whereas more than one-third of students belonged to 2 sleep-deprived trajectory groups (short [9.3%] and low-normal [26.7%]). In both the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, longer sleep durations were more likely among students who identified as male, White, in earlier grades, and attending schools in areas with higher median household income and classified as rural/small urban, relative to their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Results support the necessity of continued surveillance and interventions to monitor and counteract what appears to be an ongoing trend of diminishing sleep and a growing number of sleep-deprived adolescents. Targeted efforts in less affluent and more metropolitan areas warrant consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Wahlstrom KL, Berger AT, Widome R. Relationships between school start time, sleep duration, and adolescent behaviors. Sleep Health 2017; 3:216-221. [PMID: 28526260 PMCID: PMC7178613 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were 2-fold: (1) to examine how high school start times relate to adolescent sleep duration, and (2) to test associations between sleep duration and mental health- and substance use-related issues and behaviors in teens. DESIGN This study examines selected questions from survey data collected between 2010 and 2013 high school students. SETTING Respondents included more than 9000 students in grades 9 to 12 in 8 high schools in 5 school districts across the United States. MEASUREMENTS The survey instrument is the 97-item Teen Sleep Habits Survey. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Because of clustering within schools and the use of repeated measures, generalized estimating equations were used to account for variance inflation. RESULTS Greater sleep duration was associated with fewer reports of various mental health- and substance use-related issues and behaviors (all P values <.01). For instance, for each additional hour of sleep reported, there was a 28% reduction in the adjusted odds of a participant reporting that he or she felt "unhappy, sad, or depressed." Later wake-up times were associated with a reduction in risk for some, but not all factors. Later start times were significantly associated with greater sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS Given that later start times allow for greater sleep duration and that adequate sleep duration is associated with more favorable mental health- and substance use-related issues and behaviors, it is important that school districts prioritize exploring and implementing policies, such as delayed start times, that may increase the amount of sleep of adolescent students, which is needed for their optimal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla L Wahlstrom
- Department of Organizational Leadership, Policy and Development, 210D Burton Hall, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Aaron T Berger
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite #300, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 South 2nd St, Suite #300, Minneapolis, MN 55454.
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25
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Bonar EE, Green MR, Ashrafioun L. Characteristics of university students who mix alcohol and energy drinks. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:288-293. [PMID: 28085661 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1280799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has identified correlates (eg, drug use, risky sex, smoking) of using alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMEDs). Few studies have investigated common mental health-related concerns (eg, depression, sleep). PARTICIPANTS Alcohol-using college students (n = 380 never used AMEDs, n = 180 used AMEDs) were recruited in the study during the fall 2011 semester. METHODS The study examined demographics, substance use, depressive symptoms, and sleep problems in association with AMED use. RESULTS Multivariable logistic regression indicated that alcohol use severity (AOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.14+1.34), drug use severity (AOR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.04-1.39), depressive symptoms (AOR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01-1.12), and smoking (AOR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.22-3.68) were independently associated with AMED use; sleep problems were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Administrators may consider policies regarding energy drink availability on campus, and campus health personnel may increase screening and education surrounding AMED use to reduce risks among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bonar
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | - Michaela R Green
- a Department of Psychiatry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | - Lisham Ashrafioun
- b VISN 2 Center of Excellence for Suicide Prevention , Canandaigua VA Medical Center , Canandaigua , New York , USA
- c Department of Psychiatry , University of Rochester , Rochester , New York , USA
- d Department of Psychology , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio , USA
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Ayres CG, Pontes NM, Pontes MCF. Understanding the Nonmedical Use of Prescription Medications in the U.S. High School Adolescents. J Sch Nurs 2016; 33:269-276. [PMID: 27837175 DOI: 10.1177/1059840516677322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine relationships between sleep insufficiency, depressive symptoms, demographic factors, and the nonmedical use of prescription medications (NMUPMs) in the U.S. high school students. Data from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance System were used ( n = 13,570) and analyzed using IBM SPSS 23™ (complex samples). Significant bivariate relationships were found between the NMUPMs and sleep ( p < .01), feeling sad ( p < .001), grade level ( p < .001), and race/ethnicity ( p < .01). Logistic regression analyses found that all of the independent variables were significant in predicting the likelihood of the NMUPMs. Findings underscore the potential impact of preventing NMUPMs in high school adolescents by improving their sleep behaviors and assessing adolescents for depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia G Ayres
- 1 Rutgers School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Nancy M Pontes
- 1 Rutgers School of Nursing-Camden, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, USA
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