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Umaña M, Simal S, Dalmau E, Turchiuli C, Chevigny C. Evaluation of Different Pectic Materials Coming from Citrus Residues in the Production of Films. Foods 2024; 13:2138. [PMID: 38998643 PMCID: PMC11241157 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This article explores the use of citrus residues as a source of different pectic materials for packaging film production: a water-soluble orange residue extract (WSE) (~5% pectin), semi-pure pectins extracted in citric acid (SP) (~50% pectin), and commercial pure citrus pectins (CP). First, these materials were characterized in terms of chemical composition. Then, films were produced using them pure or mixed with chitosan or glycerol through solvent-casting. Finally, antioxidant activity, functional properties (e.g., mechanical and gas barrier properties), and visual appearance of the films were assessed. WSE films showed the highest antioxidant activity but the lowest mechanical strength with the highest elongation at break (EB) (54%); incorporating chitosan increased the films' strength (Young's modulus 35.5 times higher). SP films showed intermediate mechanical properties, reinforced by chitosan addition (Young's modulus 4.7 times higher); they showed an outstanding dry O2 barrier. CP films showed a similar O2 barrier to SP films and had the highest Young's modulus (~29 MPa), but their brittleness required glycerol for improved pliability, and chitosan addition compromised their surface regularity. Overall, the type of pectic material determined the film's properties, with less-refined pectins offering just as many benefits as pure commercial ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Umaña
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07011 Palma, Spain; (M.U.); (E.D.)
| | - Susana Simal
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07011 Palma, Spain; (M.U.); (E.D.)
| | - Esperanza Dalmau
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07011 Palma, Spain; (M.U.); (E.D.)
| | - Christelle Turchiuli
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (C.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Chloé Chevigny
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France; (C.T.); (C.C.)
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2
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Alexeeva OV, Olkhov AA, Konstantinova ML, Podmasterev VV, Petrova TV, Martirosyan LY, Karyagina OK, Kozlov SS, Lomakin SM, Tretyakov IV, Siracusa V, Iordanskii AL. A Novel Approach for Glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-Trialeate Incorporation into Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(ɛ-caprolactone) Blends for Biomedicine and Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:128. [PMID: 38201793 PMCID: PMC10780447 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The product of ozonolysis, glycero-(9,10-trioxolane)-trioleate (ozonide of oleic acid triglyceride, [OTOA]), was incorporated into polylactic acid/polycaprolactone (PLA/PCL) blend films in the amount of 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40% w/w. The morphological, mechanical, thermal and antibacterial properties of the biodegradable PLA/PCL films after the OTOA addition were studied. According to DSC and XRD data, the degree of crystallinity of the PLA/PCL + OTOA films showed a general decreasing trend with an increase in OTOA content. Thus, a significant decrease from 34.0% for the reference PLA/PCL film to 15.7% for the PLA/PCL + 40% OTOA film was established using DSC. Observed results could be explained by the plasticizing effect of OTOA. On the other hand, the PLA/PCL film with 20% OTOA does not follow this trend, showing an increase in crystallinity both via DSC (20.3%) and XRD (34.6%). OTOA molecules, acting as a plasticizer, reduce the entropic barrier for nuclei formation, leading to large number of PLA spherulites in the plasticized PLA/PCL matrix. In addition, OTOA molecules could decrease the local melt viscosity at the vicinity of the growing lamellae, leading to faster crystal growth. Morphological analysis showed that the structure of the films with an OTOA concentration above 20% drastically changed. Specifically, an interface between the PLA/PCL matrix and OTOA was formed, thereby forming a capsule with the embedded antibacterial agent. The moisture permeability of the resulting PLA/PCL + OTOA films decreased due to the formation of uniformly distributed hydrophobic amorphous zones that prevented water penetration. This architecture affects the tensile characteristics of the films: strength decreases to 5.6 MPa, elastic modulus E by 40%. The behavior of film elasticity is associated with the redistribution of amorphous regions in the matrix. Additionally, PLA/PCL + OTOA films with 20, 30 and 40% of OTOA showed good antibacterial properties on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Raoultella terrigena (Klebsiella terrigena) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, making the developed films potentially promising materials for wound-dressing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Alexeeva
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Anatoliy A. Olkhov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
- Academic Department of Innovational Materials and Technologies Chemistry, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina L. Konstantinova
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Podmasterev
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Tuyara V. Petrova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Levon Yu. Martirosyan
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Olga K. Karyagina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Sergey S. Kozlov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Sergey M. Lomakin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.O.); (M.L.K.); (V.V.P.); (L.Y.M.); (O.K.K.); (S.S.K.); (S.M.L.)
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Ilya V. Tretyakov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
| | - Valentina Siracusa
- Department of Chemical Science (DSC), University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alexey L. Iordanskii
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.P.); (I.V.T.); (A.L.I.)
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3
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Pyeon J, Park SM, Kim J, Kim JH, Yoon YJ, Yoon DK, Kim H. Plasmonic metasurfaces of cellulose nanocrystal matrices with quadrants of aligned gold nanorods for photothermal anti-icing. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8096. [PMID: 38065944 PMCID: PMC10709361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are intriguing as a matrix for plasmonic metasurfaces made of gold nanorods (GNRs) because of their distinctive properties, including renewability, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and low cost. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to precisely regulate the positioning and orientation of CNCs on the substrate in a consistent pattern. In this study, CNCs and GNRs, which exhibit tunable optical and anti-icing capabilities, are employed to manufacture a uniform plasmonic metasurface using a drop-casting technique. Two physical phenomena-(i) spontaneous and rapid self-dewetting and (ii) evaporation-induced self-assembly-are used to accomplish this. Additionally, we improve the CNC-GNR ink composition and determine the crucial coating parameters necessary to balance the two physical mechanisms in order to produce thin films without coffee rings. The final homogeneous CNC-GNR film has consistent annular ring patterns with plasmonic quadrant hues that are properly aligned, which enhances plasmonic photothermal effects. The CNC-GNR multi-array platform offers above-zero temperatures on a substrate that is subcooled below the freezing point. The current study presents a physicochemical approach for functional nanomaterial-based CNC control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsu Pyeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Mo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juri Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoungsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Cox CJ, Gallagher MR, Shupe MD, Persson POG, Solomon A, Fairall CW, Ayers T, Blomquist B, Brooks IM, Costa D, Grachev A, Gottas D, Hutchings JK, Kutchenreiter M, Leach J, Morris SM, Morris V, Osborn J, Pezoa S, Preußer A, Riihimaki LD, Uttal T. Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over the Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC. Sci Data 2023; 10:519. [PMID: 37542083 PMCID: PMC10403539 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02415-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) was a yearlong expedition supported by the icebreaker R/V Polarstern, following the Transpolar Drift from October 2019 to October 2020. The campaign documented an annual cycle of physical, biological, and chemical processes impacting the atmosphere-ice-ocean system. Of central importance were measurements of the thermodynamic and dynamic evolution of the sea ice. A multi-agency international team led by the University of Colorado/CIRES and NOAA-PSL observed meteorology and surface-atmosphere energy exchanges, including radiation; turbulent momentum flux; turbulent latent and sensible heat flux; and snow conductive flux. There were four stations on the ice, a 10 m micrometeorological tower paired with a 23/30 m mast and radiation station and three autonomous Atmospheric Surface Flux Stations. Collectively, the four stations acquired ~928 days of data. This manuscript documents the acquisition and post-processing of those measurements and provides a guide for researchers to access and use the data products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Cox
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA.
| | - Michael R Gallagher
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Matthew D Shupe
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - P Ola G Persson
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy Solomon
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Christopher W Fairall
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Ayers
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Byron Blomquist
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian M Brooks
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Dave Costa
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrey Grachev
- Atmospheric Dynamics and Analytics Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, White Sands, New Mexico, USA
| | - Daniel Gottas
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer K Hutchings
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jesse Leach
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sara M Morris
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Victor Morris
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Jackson Osborn
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Sergio Pezoa
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL), Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Andreas Preußer
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Laura D Riihimaki
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory (GML), Boulder, Colorado, USA
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5
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Okur AC, Erni P, Ouali L, Benczedi D, Amstad E. Controlling the crystal structure of succinic acid via microfluidic spray-drying. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7731-7737. [PMID: 36909742 PMCID: PMC9993402 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Many properties of materials, including their dissolution kinetics, hardness, and optical appearance, depend on their structure. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to control the structure of low molecular weight organic compounds that have a high propensity to crystallize if they are formulated from solutions wherein they have a high mobility. This limitation can be overcome by formulating these compounds within small airborne drops that rapidly dry, thereby limiting the time molecules have to arrange into the thermodynamically most stable phase. Such drops can be formed with a surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based spray-drier. In this paper, we demonstrate that the structure of a model low molecular weight compound relevant to applications in pharmacology and food, succinic acid, can be readily controlled with the supersaturation rate. Succinic acid particles preserve the metastable structure over at least 3 months if the initial succinic acid concentration is below 2% of its saturation concentration such that the supersaturation rate is high. We demonstrate that also the stability of the metastable phases against their transformation into the most stable phase increases with decreasing initial solute concentration and hence with increasing supersaturation rate of the spray-dried solution. These insights open up new opportunities to control the crystal structure and therefore properties of low molecular weight compounds that have a high propensity to crystallize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysu Ceren Okur
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
| | - Philipp Erni
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division PO Box 239 CH-1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
| | - Lahoussine Ouali
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division PO Box 239 CH-1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
| | - Daniel Benczedi
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D Division PO Box 239 CH-1211 Geneva 8 Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne 1015 Switzerland
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6
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Application of enterocin-whey films to reduce Listeria monocytogenes contamination on ripened cheese. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Saha A, Yi R, Fahrenbach AC, Wang A, Jia TZ. A Physicochemical Consideration of Prebiotic Microenvironments for Self-Assembly and Prebiotic Chemistry. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1595. [PMID: 36295030 PMCID: PMC9604842 DOI: 10.3390/life12101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of life on Earth required myriads of chemical and physical processes. These include the formation of the planet and its geological structures, the formation of the first primitive chemicals, reaction, and assembly of these primitive chemicals to form more complex or functional products and assemblies, and finally the formation of the first cells (or protocells) on early Earth, which eventually evolved into modern cells. Each of these processes presumably occurred within specific prebiotic reaction environments, which could have been diverse in physical and chemical properties. While there are resources that describe prebiotically plausible environments or nutrient availability, here, we attempt to aggregate the literature for the various physicochemical properties of different prebiotic reaction microenvironments on early Earth. We introduce a handful of properties that can be quantified through physical or chemical techniques. The values for these physicochemical properties, if they are known, are then presented for each reaction environment, giving the reader a sense of the environmental variability of such properties. Such a resource may be useful for prebiotic chemists to understand the range of conditions in each reaction environment, or to select the medium most applicable for their targeted reaction of interest for exploratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Saha
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, 600 1st Ave, Floor 1, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Kolkata 700135, India
| | - Ruiqin Yi
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-IE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Albert C. Fahrenbach
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Wang
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tony Z. Jia
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, 600 1st Ave, Floor 1, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-IE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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8
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Li Q, Wu H, Wang Z, Wang J. Analysis and optimal design of membrane processes for flue gas CO2 capture. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Avramia I, Amariei S. Formulation of Fast Dissolving β-Glucan/Bilberry Juice Films for Packaging Dry Powdered Pharmaceuticals for Diabetes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2040. [PMID: 35956516 PMCID: PMC9370384 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop fast dissolving films based on β-glucan and bilberry juice due to the bioactive potential of β-glucan and antidiabetic effect of bilberry juice. The benefit of incorporation of bioactive compounds into the films is due to the removal of unnecessary excipients and to confer protection as well as increase stability and shelf life to the packaged product. Due to the fast dissolving requirements of the European Pharmacopeia, which reduced the dissolution time from 180 to 60 s, indicating less than a minute, hygroscopic materials, such as sodium alginate and a suitable plasticizer, such as glycerin were incorporated. Moreover, the influence of ingredients and surfactants, such as soybean oil was studied in the design of fast dissolving films. Additionally, the steady state rate water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water vapor permeability (WVP), and FT-IR spectroscopy tests were performed at high resolution to ensure the reliability of the films and composition as well as to validate the results. Our data suggest that the addition of surfactants contributed to the development of fast dissolving films without influencing the diffusion of water vapor. Low levels of WVTR and short dissolution time made from β-glucan and bilberry juice are a convenient candidate for packaging dry powdered pharmaceuticals for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionut Avramia
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Sonia Amariei
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
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10
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Fagerli F, Wang Z, Grande T, Kaland H, Selbach SM, Wagner NP, Wiik K. Removing Fluoride-Terminations from Multilayered V 2C T x MXene by Gas Hydrolyzation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23790-23799. [PMID: 35847260 PMCID: PMC9280772 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional MXenes have shown great promise for many different applications, but in order to fully utilize their potential, control of their termination groups is essential. Here we demonstrate hydrolyzation with a continuous gas flow as a method to remove F-terminations from multilayered V2CT x particles, in order to prepare nearly F-free and partly bare vanadium carbide MXene. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the substitution of F-terminations is thermodynamically feasible and presents partly nonterminated V2CO as the dominating hydrolyzation product. Hydrolyzation at elevated temperatures reduced the F content but only subtly changed the O content, as inferred from spectroscopic data. The ideal hydrolyzation temperature was found to be 300 °C, as a degradation of the V2CT x phase and a transition to vanadium oxycarbides and V2O3 were observed at higher temperature. When tested as electrodes in Li-ion batteries, the hydrolyzed MXene demonstrated a reduced polarization compared with the pristine MXene, but no change in intercalation voltage was observed. Annealing in dry Ar did not result in the same F reduction, and the importance of water vapor was concluded, demonstrating hydrolyzation as a new and efficient method to control the surface terminations of multilayered V2CT x post etching. These results also provide new insights on the thermal stability of V2CT x MXene in hydrated atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode
Håskjold Fagerli
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF
Industry, Richard Birkelands
vei 3, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tor Grande
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Henning Kaland
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre M. Selbach
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nils Peter Wagner
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF
Industry, Richard Birkelands
vei 3, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjell Wiik
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 12, NO-7034 Trondheim, Norway
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11
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Atmospheric Effects and Precursors of Rainfall over the Swiss Plateau. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the characteristics of atmospheric parameters before, during, and after rain events in Bern, Switzerland. Ground-based microwave radiometer data of the TROpospheric WAter RAdiometer (TROWARA) with a time resolution of 7 s, observations of a weather station, and the composite analysis method are used to derive the temporal evolution of rain events and to identify possible rainfall precursors during a 10-year period (1199 available rain events). A rainfall climatology is developed using parameters integrated water vapor (IWV), integrated liquid water (ILW), rain rate, infrared brightness temperature (TIR), temperature, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed, and air density. It was found that the IWV is reduced by about 2.2 mm at the end of rain compared to the beginning. IWV and TIR rapidly increase to a peak at the onset of the rainfall. Precursors of rainfall are that the temperature reaches its maximum around 30 to 60 min before rain, while the pressure and relative humidity are minimal. IWV fluctuates the most before rain (obtained with a 10 min bandpass). In 60% of rain events, the air density decreases 2 to 6 h before the onset of rain. The seasonality and the duration of rain events as well as the diurnal cycle of atmospheric parameters are also considered. Thus, a prediction of rainfall is possible with a true detection rate of 60% by using the air density as a precursor. Further improvements in the nowcasting of rainfall are possible by using a combination of various atmospheric parameters which are monitored by a weather station and a ground-based microwave radiometer.
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12
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Avramia I, Amariei S. Formulation, Characterization and Optimization of β-Glucan and Pomegranate Juice Based Films for Its Potential in Diabetes. Nutrients 2022; 14:2142. [PMID: 35631282 PMCID: PMC9144072 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop films based on β-glucans in association with pomegranate juice for its potential in metabolic disorders such as diabetes due to plenty of bioactive compounds from the film composition. Initially, a Box-Behnken design was generated by varying the level of β-glucan content (0.5, 1, 1.5 g), sodium alginate (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 g) and pomegranate juice (10, 20, 30 mL) for development of films. Subsequently, glycerin was added as 25% of the total dry matter. The optimization of the films prepared by the solvent casting method was conducted based on the different responses such as: water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water vapor permeability (WVP), thickness, density, moisture content, solubility, film opacity and color. The water activity profile and FT-IR analysis were performed in all tests. The model was used to determine the optimal experimental values considering that the optimal film will make a sustained contribution to diabetes. The optimal values of the film sample made of β-glucans, sodium alginate, pomegranate juice and glycerin make it befitting for packaging dry powdered pharmaceuticals. Finally, antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, UV barrier properties and microcrack and pore detections through SEM were also investigated for the optimal film sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionut Avramia
- Faculty of Food Engineering, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
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13
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Estrada‐Bahena EB, Salazar R, Ramírez M, Moreno‐Godínez ME, Jiménez‐Hernández J, Romero‐Ramírez Y, González‐Cortázar M, Alvarez‐Fitz P. Influence of water activity on physical properties, fungal growth, and ochratoxin A production in dry cherries and green‐coffee beans. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Baruch Estrada‐Bahena
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico‐Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N. Chilpancingo de los Bravo Guerrero Mexico
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- CONACyT‐Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Chilpancingo de los Bravo Guerrero Mexico
| | - Mónica Ramírez
- CONACyT‐Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Chilpancingo de los Bravo Guerrero Mexico
| | - Ma. Elena Moreno‐Godínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico‐Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N. Chilpancingo de los Bravo Guerrero Mexico
| | - Javier Jiménez‐Hernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico‐Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N. Chilpancingo de los Bravo Guerrero Mexico
| | - Yanet Romero‐Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico‐Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N. Chilpancingo de los Bravo Guerrero Mexico
| | - Manasés González‐Cortázar
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Rep. Argentina 1 Xochitepec Morelos Mexico
| | - Patricia Alvarez‐Fitz
- CONACyT‐Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero Av. Lázaro Cárdenas S/N Chilpancingo de los Bravo Guerrero Mexico
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14
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Závacká K, Neděla V, Tihlaříková E, Šabacká P, Maxa J, Heger D. ESEM Methodology for the Study of Ice Samples at Environmentally Relevant Subzero Temperatures: "Subzero ESEM". MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:196-209. [PMID: 34937589 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621013854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Frozen aqueous solutions are an important subject of study in numerous scientific branches including the pharmaceutical and food industry, atmospheric chemistry, biology, and medicine. Here, we present an advanced environmental scanning electron microscope methodology for research of ice samples at environmentally relevant subzero temperatures, thus under conditions in which it is extremely challenging to maintain the thermodynamic equilibrium of the specimen. The methodology opens possibilities to observe intact ice samples at close to natural conditions. Based on the results of ANSYS software simulations of the surface temperature of a frozen sample, and knowledge of the partial pressure of water vapor in the gas mixture near the sample, we monitored static ice samples over several minutes. We also discuss possible artifacts that can arise from unwanted surface ice formation on, or ice sublimation from, the sample, as a consequence of shifting conditions away from thermodynamic equilibrium in the specimen chamber. To demonstrate the applicability of the methodology, we characterized how the true morphology of ice spheres containing salt changed upon aging and the morphology of ice spheres containing bovine serum albumin. After combining static observations with the dynamic process of ice sublimation from the sample, we can attain images with nanometer resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Závacká
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 61264Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 61264Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tihlaříková
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 61264Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Šabacká
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 61264Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Maxa
- Environmental Electron Microscopy Group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 147, 61264Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500Brno, Czech Republic
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15
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Bacchin P, Leng J, Salmon JB. Microfluidic Evaporation, Pervaporation, and Osmosis: From Passive Pumping to Solute Concentration. Chem Rev 2021; 122:6938-6985. [PMID: 34882390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaporation, pervaporation, and forward osmosis are processes leading to a mass transfer of solvent across an interface: gas/liquid for evaporation and solid/liquid (membrane) for pervaporation and osmosis. This Review provides comprehensive insight into the use of these processes at the microfluidic scales for applications ranging from passive pumping to the screening of phase diagrams and micromaterials engineering. Indeed, for a fixed interface relative to the microfluidic chip, these processes passively induce flows driven only by gradients of chemical potential. As a consequence, these passive-transport phenomena lead to an accumulation of solutes that cannot cross the interface and thus concentrate solutions in the microfluidic chip up to high concentration regimes, possibly up to solidification. The purpose of this Review is to provide a unified description of these processes and associated microfluidic applications to highlight the differences and similarities between these three passive-transport phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bacchin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Leng
- CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
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Ding J, Dai Q, Li Y, Han S, Zhang Y, Feng Y. Impact of meteorological condition changes on air quality and particulate chemical composition during the COVID-19 lockdown. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:45-56. [PMID: 34607673 PMCID: PMC7906520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Stringent quarantine measures during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period (January 23, 2020 to March 15, 2020) have resulted in a distinct decrease in anthropogenic source emissions in North China Plain compared to the paralleled period of 2019. Particularly, 22.7% decrease in NO2 and 3.0% increase of O3 was observed in Tianjin, nonlinear relationship between O3 generation and NO2 implied that synergetic control of NOx and VOCs is needed. Deteriorating meteorological condition during the COVID-19 lockdown obscured the actual PM2.5 reduction. Fireworks transport in 2020 Spring Festival (SF) triggered regional haze pollution. PM2.5 during the COVID-19 lockdown only reduced by 5.6% in Tianjin. Here we used the dispersion coefficient to normalize the measured PM2.5 (DN-PM2.5), aiming to eliminate the adverse meteorological impact and roughly estimate the actual PM2.5 reduction, which reduced by 17.7% during the COVID-19 lockdown. In terms of PM2.5 chemical composition, significant NO3- increase was observed during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, as a tracer of atmospheric oxidation capacity, odd oxygen (Ox = NO2 + O3) was observed to reduce during the COVID-19 lockdown, whereas relative humidity (RH), specific humidity and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) were observed with noticeable enhancement. Nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) was observed to increase at higher specific humidity and ALWC, especially in the haze episode occurred during 2020SF, high air humidity and obvious nitrate generation was observed. Anomalously enhanced air humidity may response for the nitrate increase during the COVID-19 lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- Tianjin Environmental Meteorological Center, Tianjin 300074, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Qili Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Suqin Han
- Tianjin Environmental Meteorological Center, Tianjin 300074, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China.
| | - Yufen Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China.
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300074, China
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17
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Sheng M, Dong S, Qiao Z, Li Q, Yuan Y, Xing G, Zhao S, Wang J, Wang Z. Large-scale preparation of multilayer composite membranes for post-combustion CO2 capture. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Wang T, Zhang L, Sun L, Zhou R, Shi K, Zhao J. A novel apparatus for measuring gas solubility in aqueous solution under multiphase conditions by isobaric method. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:105101. [PMID: 34717373 DOI: 10.1063/5.0060516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing energy shortage and global warming, the oil/gas development and CO2 sequestration are moving toward the deep sea, and such a geological environment is conducive to gas hydrate formation. At present, for the gas solubility of a hydrate solution system, only Duan's simulation data are widely accepted, and a systematic experimental study is absent. The conventional measurement instruments for solubility of dissolved gas lack control of hydrate phase change, detailed regulation of temperature and pressure, and liquid-solid separation of sampling analysis. This paper describes the working principle, design, and use of a novel apparatus that can measure gas solubility in the solution system in the presence of hydrate. The application of constant pressure equipment avoids disturbing the phase equilibrium and dissolution equilibrium of the system in the sampling process. The apparatus is attractive for the continuous measurement of gas solubility and the guarantee of high accuracy. In addition, an isobaric method is proposed for gas solubility measurement, which promotes the measurement system to reach the target equilibrium state quickly and obtains highly regular data of gas solubility under environmental conditions. The experimental data obtained by this work are highly consistent with the Duan model, and the relative errors of measurements are within 2%. Gas solubility data from this apparatus will provide theoretical support for estimation of the marine CO2 sequestration capacity and prevention of hydrate blockage in oil/gas transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lunxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lingjie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ran Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kangji Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiafei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Integrated Water Vapor during Rain and Rain-Free Conditions above the Swiss Plateau. CLIMATE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cli9070105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water vapor column density, or vertically-integrated water vapor (IWV), is monitored by ground-based microwave radiometers (MWR) and ground-based receivers of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). For rain periods, the retrieval of IWV from GNSS Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) neglects the atmospheric propagation delay of the GNSS signal by rain droplets. Similarly, it is difficult for ground-based dual-frequency single-polarisation microwave radiometers to separate the microwave emission of water vapor and cloud droplets from the rather strong microwave emission of rain. For ground-based microwave radiometry at Bern (Switzerland), we take the approach that IWV during rain is derived from linearly interpolated opacities before and after the rain period. The intermittent rain periods often appear as spikes in the time series of integrated liquid water (ILW) and are indicated by ILW ≥ 0.4 mm. In the present study, we assume that IWV measurements from radiosondes are not affected by rain. We intercompare the climatologies of IWV(rain), IWV(no rain), and IWV(all) obtained by radiosonde, ground-based GNSS atmosphere sounding, ground-based MWR, and ECMWF reanalysis (ERA5) at Payerne and Bern in Switzerland. In all seasons, IWV(rain) is 3.75 to 5.94 mm greater than IWV(no rain). The mean IWV differences between GNSS and radiosonde at Payerne are less than 0.26 mm. The datasets at Payerne show a better agreement than the datasets at Bern. However, the MWR at Bern agrees with the radiosonde at Payerne within 0.41 mm for IWV(rain) and 0.02 mm for IWV(no rain). Using the GNSS and rain gauge measurements at Payerne, we find that IWV(rain) increases with increase of the precipitation rate during summer as well as during winter. IWV(rain) above the Swiss Plateau is quite well estimated by GNSS and MWR though the standard retrievals are limited or hampered during rain periods.
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20
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Abstract
The neutral atmospheric delay is one of the major error sources in Space Geodesy techniques such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and its modeling for high accuracy applications can be challenging. Improving the modeling of the atmospheric delays (hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic) also leads to a more accurate and precise precipitable water vapor estimation (PWV), mostly in real-time applications, where models play an important role, since numerical weather prediction models cannot be used for real-time processing or forecasting. This study developed an improved version of the Hourly Global Pressure and Temperature (HGPT) model, the HGPT2. It is based on 20 years of ERA5 reanalysis data at full spatial (0.25° × 0.25°) and temporal resolution (1-h). Apart from surface air temperature, surface pressure, zenith hydrostatic delay, and weighted mean temperature, the updated model also provides information regarding the relative humidity, zenith non-hydrostatic delay, and precipitable water vapor. The HGPT2 is based on the time-segmentation concept and uses the annual, semi-annual, and quarterly periodicities to calculate the relative humidity anywhere on the Earth’s surface. Data from 282 moisture sensors located close to GNSS stations during 1 year (2020) were used to assess the model coefficients. The HGPT2 meteorological parameters were used to process 35 GNSS sites belonging to the International GNSS Service (IGS) using the GAMIT/GLOBK software package. Results show a decreased root-mean-square error (RMSE) and bias values relative to the most used zenith delay models, with a significant impact on the height component. The HGPT2 was developed to be applied in the most diverse areas that can significantly benefit from an ERA5 full-resolution model.
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21
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Požar T, Agrež V, Petkovšek R. Laser-induced cavitation bubbles and shock waves in water near a concave surface. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105456. [PMID: 33517094 PMCID: PMC7844577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The interplay among the cavitation structures and the shock waves following a nanosecond laser breakdown in water in the vicinity of a concave surface was visualized with high-speed shadowgraphy and schlieren cinematography. Unlike the generation of the main cavitation bubble near a flat or a convex surface, the concave surface refocuses the emitted shock waves and causes secondary cavitation near the acoustic focus which is most pronounced when triggered by the shock wave released during the first main bubble collapse. The shock wave propagation, reflection from the concave surface and its scattering on the dominant cavity is clearly resolvable on the shadowgraphs. The schlieren approach revealed the pressure build up in the last stage of the collapse and the first stage of the rebound. A persistent low-density watermark is left behind the first collapse. The observed effects are important wherever cavities collapse near indented surfaces, such as in cavitation peening, cavitation erosion and ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaž Požar
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Agrež
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Petkovšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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22
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Fusing Precipitable Water Vapor Data in CHINA at Different Timescales Using an Artificial Neural Network. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13091720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Global climate change has noticeable influences on the water vapor redistribution in China, which is embodied by the fact that both wetting and drying tendencies were observed across China. This poses the necessity to monitor and understand the water vapor evolution in China. However, observations of water vapor from different techniques are subjected to systematic biases, different spatiotemporal resolutions and coverages, and different accuracy, which would hamper their joint use, potentially leading to contradictory conclusions when using different techniques. Data fusion is a promising way to address this problem. Some scholars have proposed several methods to fuse multi-source PWV data in China region, such as the enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model, the hybrid PWV fusion model, and the linear calibration model. Although these models can produce PWV products with improved accuracy, they still have some shortcomings, such as no consideration for spatial or temporal variations in bias or inevitably impose some biases inaccurate information since assumptions made for interpolations are imperfect. In this study, we use the high-quality Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) precipitable water vapor (PWV) to calibrate and optimize the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ReAnalyses 5 (ERA5) PWV in 2018–2019 through a Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) at annual, quarterly, and monthly timescales. Validation results demonstrate that modifying the MODIS and ERA5 PWV at the monthly timescale results in the best accuracy. In the monthly experiment, the average bias, standard deviation (STD), and root mean square (RMS) error of modified MODIS PWV are 0.0 mm, 2.6 mm, and 2.6 mm, respectively. The percentage improvement is as high as 50% in terms of RMS compared to the original MODIS PWV. It becomes 0.0 mm, 1.7 mm, and 1.7 mm for the modified ERA5 PWV and the percentage improvement is 40%. Since the biases among different products are well-calibrated and the accuracy of MODIS and ERA5 PWV is improved to the same level of GNSS PWV, we can fuse them by simply merging them. Finally, we generate a new product of PWV in China with a temporal resolution of 1 day, a spatial resolution better than 31 km, and an accuracy better than 2.7 mm, which will serve as a high-quality product for investigating the water vapor redistribution under a changing climate.
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Kim YM, Park MH, Jeong S, Lee KH, Kim JY. Evaluation of error inducing factors in unmanned aerial vehicle mounted detector to measure fugitive methane from solid waste landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 124:368-376. [PMID: 33662768 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many methods have been applied to monitor fugitive methane gas from landfills. Recently, there have been suggestions to use a framework utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for landfill gas monitoring, and several field campaigns have proved that a rotary UAV-based measurement has advantages of ease of control and high-resolution concentration mapping on the target planes. However, research on the evaluation of error-inducing factors in the suggested system is limited so far. This study prepared a measurement system with a lightweight methane detector and a rotary UAV to support the applicability of rotary UAV in landfill gas monitoring. Then, the validity of the system was tested experimentally and theoretically. In the detector reliability test, the methane detector had sufficient resolution for field application. The critical UAV velocity required was obtained to ensure the credibility of the proposed measurement system. When spatial interpolators were applied to field data from the measurement system, the empirical Bayesian kriging demonstrated the best prediction of methane concentrations at unmeasured points. With the verifications provided in this study, this proposed method may contribute to reducing uncertainty in estimating fugitive landfill gas emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Min Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Ho Park
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjae Jeong
- Department of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ho Lee
- Resource Recirculation Technology Research Center, Sudokwon Landfill Site Management Corporation, Incheon 22688, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ding J, Dai Q, Zhang Y, Xu J, Huangfu Y, Feng Y. Air humidity affects secondary aerosol formation in different pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143540. [PMID: 33199014 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Haze pollution characteristics and PM2.5 chemical composition were distinctive in different air humidity-dependent haze episodes in winter of North China Plain (NCP). The impact of air humidity on particulate chemical composition was investigated based on the in situ observation in winter of 2017-2018 in Tianjin. Relative humidity (RH) and absolute humidity affect the secondary aerosol generation in different ways. Particularly, nitrate changes more obviously with absolute humidity, while sulfate changes more obviously with RH. In the daytime, at certain conditions, high water vapor content, O3 concentration and stronger solar radiation may promote the gas-phase oxidation of NOx by the addition of OH formed though O3 photolysis, especially during the transition periods between winter and autumn or spring. Whereas in the nighttime, temperature drop generated the high RH, which was favorable for the gas-particle portioning of HNO3 and the occurrence of the N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction. At lower temperature and higher RH (T < 0 °C, RH > 80%) condition, SO42- mass fraction was relatively higher. Lower temperature can result in more SO2 dissolved in equilibrium and the relatively higher initial aerosol pH, which both generate faster aqueous oxidation rate. Given the currently low SO2 concentration in the regional scale, the meteorological condition in which the occurrence of sulfate formation through aqueous reaction may be more stringent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China; Meteorological and Environmental Center of Tianjin, Tianjin 300074, China
| | - Qili Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yufen Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China.
| | - Jiao Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yanqi Huangfu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300000, China
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Han Lyn F, Tan CP, Zawawi RM, Nur Hanani ZA. Enhancing the mechanical and barrier properties of chitosan/graphene oxide composite films using trisodium citrate and sodium tripolyphosphate crosslinkers. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Foong Han Lyn
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Seri Kembangan Malaysia
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Seri Kembangan Malaysia
| | - Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Seri Kembangan Malaysia
| | - Zainal Abedin Nur Hanani
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Seri Kembangan Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute Universiti Putra Malaysia Seri Kembangan Malaysia
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26
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Wagner Z, Bendová M, Rotrekl J, Parmar N, Kočí S, Vrbka P. Thermochemical Properties of Menthol and Terpineol. J SOLUTION CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-020-01027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Obtaining Gradients of XCO2 in Atmosphere Using the Constrained Linear Least-Squares Technique and Multi-Wavelength IPDA LiDAR. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12152395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Integrated-path differential absorption (IPDA) LiDAR is a promising means of measuring the global distributions of the column weighted xCO2 (dry-air mixing ratio of CO2) with adequate accuracy and precision. Most IPDA LiDARs are incapable of discerning the vertical information of CO2 diffusion, which is of great significance for studies on the carbon cycle and climate change. Hence, we developed an inversion method using the constrained linear least-squares technique for a pulsed direct-detection multi-wavelength IPDA LiDAR to obtain sliced xCO2. In the proposed inversion method, the atmosphere is sliced into three different layers, and the xCO2 of those layers is then retrieved using the constrained linear least-squares technique. Assuming complete knowledge of the water vapor content, the accuracy of the retrieved sliced xCO2 could be as high as 99.85% when the signal-to-noise ratio of central wavelength retrievals is higher than 25 (with a log scale). Further experiments demonstrated that different carbon characteristics can be identified by the sign of the carbon gradient of the retrieved xCO2 between the ABL (atmospheric boundary layer) and FT (free troposphere). These results highlight the potential applications of multiple wavelength IPDA LiDAR.
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A Refined Regional Model for Estimating Pressure, Temperature, and Water Vapor Pressure for Geodetic Applications in China. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pressure, temperature, and water vapor pressure are basic meteorological parameters that are frequently required in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning/navigation and GNSS meteorology. Although models like Global Pressure and Temperature (GPT) and Global Pressure and Temperature 2 wet (GPT2w) were developed for these demands, their spatial resolutions are lower than 0.75° and temporal resolutions are below 6 h, which limits their achievement. The publication of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 hourly 0.25° × 0.25° data offers the opportunity to lift this limitation. In this work, the ERA5 surface data are used to evaluate the temporal variabilities of pressure, temperature, and water vapor pressure in the area of China. We characterize their diurnal variations using hourly data and take into account their geographical variations by 0.25° × 0.25° grids. In addition, we improve the height corrections for the three parameters employing the ERA5 pressure level data. Through these efforts, we build a new regional model named Chinese pressure, temperature, and water vapor pressure (CPTw), which has the advanced resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° and temporal resolution of 1 h. We evaluate the performance using ERA5 data and radiosonde data compared with the approved GPT2w model. Results demonstrate that the accuracies of the new model are superior to the GPT2w model in all meteorological parameters. The validation with the radiosonde data shows RMS for pressure, temperature, and water vapor pressure of the CPTw model is reduced by 14.1%, 25.8%, and 4.8%, compared with that of the GPT2w model. The new model catches especially well the diurnal changes in pressure, temperature, and water vapor pressure, which have never been realized before. Since the CPTw model can provide accurate empirical pressure, temperature, and water vapor pressure for any time and location in China and its surrounding areas, it can not only meet the need of empirical meteorological parameters in real-time geodetic applications like GNSS positioning and navigation, but it is also useful for GNSS meteorology.
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30
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Distinct and Quantitative Validation for Predictive Process Modelling in Steam Distillation of Caraway Fruits and Lavender Flower Following a Quality-By-Design (QbD) Approach. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A quality by design (QbD) approach as part of process development in the regulated, pharmaceutical industry requires many experiments. Due to the large number, process development is time consuming and cost intensive. A key to modern process development to reduce the number of required experiments is a predictive simulation with a validated physico-chemical model. In order to expand the process expertise of steam distillation through maximum information, a model development workflow is used in this paper, which focuses on implementation, verification, parametrization and validation of a physico-chemical model. Process robustness and sensitivity of target values can be determined from the developed general model and design of experiments with statistical evaluations. The model validation is exemplified by two different types of plant systems, caraway fruits (Carum Carvi) and lavender flowers (Lavandula).
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Cazón P, Velázquez G, Vázquez M. Characterization of bacterial cellulose films combined with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol: Evaluation of mechanical and barrier properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 216:72-85. [PMID: 31047084 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus is a biomaterial with a unique three-dimensional structure. To improve the mechanical properties and reinforce the BC films, they were immersed in polyvinyl alcohol (0-4%) and chitosan (0-1%) baths. Moisture content, mechanical properties and water vapour permeability were measured to assess the effect of polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan. The morphology, optical, structural and thermal properties were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, spectral analysis, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. Results showed that moisture content was significantly affected by the chitosan presence. Tensile strength values in the 20.76-41.65 MPa range were similar to those of synthetic polymer films. Percentage of elongation ranged from 2.28 to 21.82% and Young's modulus ranged from 1043.88 to 2247.82 MPa. The water vapour permeability (1.47 × 10-11-3.40 × 10-11 g/m s Pa) decreased with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol. The developed films own UV light barrier properties and optimal visual appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cazón
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Mexico; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Velázquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CICATA Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, Colinas del Cimatario, Querétaro 76090, Mexico.
| | - Manuel Vázquez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
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33
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Effect of porous structure and spreading pressure on the storage stability of red onion microcapsules produced by spray freezing into liquid cryogenic and spray drying. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Effect of water activity on extractable polyphenols and some physical properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Hauck BC, Harden CS, McHugh VM. Current status and need for standards in ion mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-018-0239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Liu L, Kupiainen-Määttä O, Zhang H, Li H, Zhong J, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ge M, Zhang X, Li Z. Clustering mechanism of oxocarboxylic acids involving hydration reaction: Implications for the atmospheric models. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Oona Kupiainen-Määttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Haijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Maofa Ge
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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37
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Osmotic dehydration assisted impregnation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in banana and effect of water activity on the storage stability of probiotic in the freeze-dried product. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Projected Changes in Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature under Alternative Climate Scenarios. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9050187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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39
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Hu W, Li Y, Han W, Xue L, Zhang W, Ma W, Bi P. Meteorological factors and the incidence of mumps in Fujian Province, China, 2005-2013: Non-linear effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 619-620:1286-1298. [PMID: 29734606 PMCID: PMC7112015 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mumps is still an important public health issue in the world with several recent outbreaks. The seasonable distribution of the disease suggested that meteorological factors may influence the incidence of mumps. The aim of this study was to explore the possible association between meteorological factors and the incidence of mumps, and to provide scientific evidence to relevant health authorities for the disease control and prevention. METHODS We obtained the data of mumps cases and daily meteorological factors in Fujian Province in Eastern China over the period of 2005-2013. Using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) approach, we assessed the relationship between the meteorological factors and mumps incidence. RESULTS The effects of meteorological factors on the mumps incidence were all non-linear. Compared with the lowest risk values, the upper level of precipitation, atmospheric pressure and relative humidity could increase the risk of mumps, whereas the low level of wind velocity, temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunshine duration may also increase the risk. Moderate atmospheric pressure and low wind velocity had larger cumulative effects within 30lagdays and the relative risks were 10.02 (95%CI: 2.47-40.71) and 12.45 (95%CI: 1.40-110.78). For temperature, the cumulative effect within 30lagdays of minimum temperature was higher than that from maximum temperature in most populations. The cumulative effects of minimum temperature for males, children aged 10-14 and students were higher than those in other populations. CONCLUSIONS Meteorological factors, especially temperature and wind velocity, should be taken into consideration in the prevention and warning of possible mumps epidemic. Special attention should be paid to the vulnerable populations, such as teenagers and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Weixiao Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Li Xue
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
| | - Peng Bi
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Level 8, Hughes Building, North Terrace Campus, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Slavchov RI, Novev JK, Mosbach S, Kraft M. Vapor Pressure and Heat of Vaporization of Molecules That Associate in the Gas Phase. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir I. Slavchov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Javor K. Novev
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Mosbach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Kraft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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41
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S.A. EA, Sathyamurthy R, A. MM. Improvement of humidification–dehumidification desalination unit using a desiccant wheel. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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42
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An Improved Tomography Approach Based on Adaptive Smoothing and Ground Meteorological Observations. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Lyu Y, Bergseth E, Olofsson U. Open System Tribology and Influence of Weather Condition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32455. [PMID: 27573973 PMCID: PMC5004145 DOI: 10.1038/srep32455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The tribology of an open system at temperatures ranging between 3 °C and -35 °C, with and without snow, was investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer mounted in a temperature-controlled environmental chamber. The relationship between the microstructure and ductility of the materials and the tribology at the contacting surfaces was investigated. The study shows that during continuous sliding, pressure causes snow particles to melt into a liquid-like layer, encouraging the generation of oxide flakes on the contact path. The friction coefficient and wear rate are dramatically reduced through an oxidative friction and wear mechanism. In the absence of snow, the tribological process is controlled by the low temperature brittleness of steel in the temperature range from 3 °C to -15 °C. At these temperatures, cracks are prone to form and extend on the worn surfaces, resulting in the spalling of bulk scraps, which are crushed into debris that increases the friction coefficient and wear rate due to strong abrasion. When the temperature falls to -25 °C, an ice layer condenses on the metal surfaces and relaxes the tribological process in the same way as the added snow particles, which significantly decreases the friction and wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhe Lyu
- Department of Machine Design, (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Bergseth
- Department of Machine Design, (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Olofsson
- Department of Machine Design, (KTH) Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Fleige M, Holst-Olesen K, Wiberg GKH, Arenz M. Evaluation of temperature and electrolyte concentration dependent Oxygen solubility and diffusivity in phosphoric acid. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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45
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Park SJ, Morelli R, Hanssen BL, Jamie JF, Jamie IM, Siderhurst MS, Taylor PW. Raspberry Ketone Analogs: Vapour Pressure Measurements and Attractiveness to Queensland Fruit Fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155827. [PMID: 27196605 PMCID: PMC4873134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Q-fly), is a major horticultural pest in Eastern Australia. Effective monitoring, male annihilation technique (MAT) and mass trapping (MT) are all important for control and require strong lures to attract flies to traps or toxicants. Lure strength is thought to be related in part to volatility, but little vapour pressure data are available for most Q-fly lures. Raspberry ketone (4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone) and analogs that had esters (acetyl, difluoroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl, formyl, propionyl) and ethers (methyl ether, trimethylsilyl ether) in replacement of the phenolic group, and in one case also had modification of the 2-butanone side chain, were measured for their vapour pressures by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and their attractiveness to Q-fly was assessed in small cage environmentally controlled laboratory bioassays. Maximum response of one category of compounds, containing both 2-butanone side chain and ester group was found to be higher than that of the other group of compounds, of which either of 2-butanone or ester functionality was modified. However, linear relationship between vapour pressure and maximum response was not significant. The results of this study indicate that, while volatility may be a factor in lure effectiveness, molecular structure is the dominating factor for the series of molecules investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo J. Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Renata Morelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia/DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Benjamin L. Hanssen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Joanne F. Jamie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ian M. Jamie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Matthew S. Siderhurst
- Eastern Mennonite University, Department of Chemistry, 1200 Park Road, Harrisonburg, VA, 22802, United States of America
| | - Phillip W. Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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Schwarz I, Zehnle S, Hutzenlaub T, Zengerle R, Paust N. System-level network simulation for robust centrifugal-microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1873-85. [PMID: 27095248 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidics shows a clear trend towards a higher degree of integration and parallelization. This trend leads to an increase in the number and density of integrated microfluidic unit operations. The fact that all unit operations are processed by the same common spin protocol turns higher integration into higher complexity. To allow for efficient development anyhow, we introduce advanced lumped models for network simulations in centrifugal microfluidics. These models consider the interplay of centrifugal and Euler pressures, viscous dissipation, capillary pressures and pneumatic pressures. The simulations are fast and simple to set up and allow for the precise prediction of flow rates as well as switching and valving events. During development, channel and chamber geometry variations due to manufacturing tolerances can be taken into account as well as pipetting errors, variations of contact angles, compliant chamber walls and temperature variations in the processing device. As an example of considering these parameters during development, we demonstrate simulation based robustness analysis for pneumatic siphon valving in centrifugal microfluidics. Subsequently, the influence of liquid properties on pumping and valving is studied for four liquids relevant for biochemical analysis, namely, water (large surface tension), blood plasma (large contact angle hysteresis), ethanol/water (highly wetting) and glycerine/water (highly viscous). In a second example, we derive a spin protocol to attain a constant flow rate under varying pressure conditions. Both examples show excellent agreement with experimental validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Schwarz
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - S Zehnle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - T Hutzenlaub
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Zengerle
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany and BIOSS - Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Paust
- Hahn-Schickard, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany. and Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Henschel H, Kurtén T, Vehkamäki H. Computational Study on the Effect of Hydration on New Particle Formation in the Sulfuric Acid/Ammonia and Sulfuric Acid/Dimethylamine Systems. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1886-96. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Henschel
- Division
of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Division
of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Baumgartner B, Bojdys MJ, Skrinjar P, Unterlass MM. Design Strategies in Hydrothermal Polymerization of Polyimides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Baumgartner
- Technische Universität Wien; Institute of Materials Chemistry; Getreidemarkt 9 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Michael J. Bojdys
- Charles University in Prague; Faculty of Science; Hlavova 8 12843 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Philipp Skrinjar
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry; Organic Chemistry Division; Getreidemarkt 9 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Miriam M. Unterlass
- Technische Universität Wien; Institute of Materials Chemistry; Getreidemarkt 9 A-1060 Vienna Austria
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49
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Lee JW, Kim HI. Investigating acid-induced structural transitions of lysozyme in an electrospray ionization source. Analyst 2015; 140:661-9. [PMID: 25429398 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01794c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of acids on the structure of lysozyme (Lyz) during electrospray ionization (ESI) was studied by comparing the solution and gas-phase structures of Lyz. Investigation using circular dichroism spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering demonstrated that the folded conformation of Lyz was maintained in pH 2.2 solutions containing different acids. On the other hand, analysis of the charge state distributions and ion mobility (IM) distributions, combined with molecular dynamics simulations, demonstrated that the gas phase structures of Lyz depend on the pKa of the acid used to acidify the protein solution. Formic acid and acetic acid, which are weak acids (pKa > 3.5), induce unfolding of Lyz during ESI, presumably because the undissociated weak acids provide protons to maintain the acidic groups within Lyz protonated and prevent the formation of salt bridges. However, HCl suppressed the formation of the unfolded conformers because the acid is already dissociated in solution, and chloride anions within the ESI droplet can interact with Lyz to reduce the intramolecular electrostatic repulsion. These trends in the IM distributions are observed for all charge states, demonstrating the significance of the acid effect on the structure of Lyz during ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Wha Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea.
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50
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Chi MH, Chang CW, Ko HW, Su CH, Lee CW, Peng CH, Chen JT. Solvent-Induced Dewetting on Curved Substrates: Fabrication of Porous Polymer Nanotubes by Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Huan Chi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Hao-Wen Ko
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Chun-Hsien Su
- Department
of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - Chih-Wei Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Chi-How Peng
- Department
of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied
Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30013
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
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