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Fat M, Andersen T, Fazio JC, Park SC, Abtin F, Buhr RG, Phillips JE, Belperio J, Tashkin DP, Cooper CB, Barjaktarevic I. Association of bronchial disease on CT imaging and clinical definitions of chronic bronchitis in a single-center COPD phenotyping study. Respir Med 2024; 231:107733. [PMID: 38986793 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic Bronchitis (CB) represents a phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While several definitions have been used for diagnosis, the relationship between clinical definitions and radiologic assessment of bronchial disease (BD) has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between three clinical definitions of CB and radiographic findings of BD in spirometry-defined COPD patients. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was performed from a COPD phenotyping study. It was a prospective observational cohort. Participants had spirometry-defined COPD and available chest CT imaging. Comparison between CB definitions, Medical Research Council (CBMRC), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (CBSGRQ), COPD Assessment Test (CBCAT) and CT findings were performed using Cohen's Kappa, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. RESULTS Of 112 participants, 83 met inclusion criteria. Demographics included age of 70.1 ± 7.0 years old, predominantly male (59.0 %), 45.8 ± 30.8 pack-year history, 21.7 % actively smoking, and mean FEV1 61.5 ± 21.1 %. With MRC, SGRQ and CAT definitions, 22.9 %, 36.6 % and 28.0 % had CB, respectively. BD was more often present in CB compared to non-CB patients; however, it did not have a statistically significant relationship between any of the CB definitions. CBSGRQ had better agreement with radiographically assessed BD compared to the other two definitions. CONCLUSION Identification of BD on CT was associated with the diagnoses of CB. However, agreement between imaging and definitions were not significant, suggesting radiologic findings of BD and criteria defining CB may not identify the same COPD phenotype. Research to standardize imaging and clinical methods is needed for more objective identification of COPD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Fat
- Graduate Education, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine at TCU, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Tyler Andersen
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Fazio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Seon Cheol Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Russell G Buhr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - John Belperio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald P Tashkin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Exercise Physiology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Igor Barjaktarevic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Jankovic J, Jandric A, Djurdjevic N, Vukosavljevic D, Bojic Z, Zecevic A, Stjepanovic M. Phenotype and Clinicoradiological Differences in Multifocal and Focal Bronchiectasis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:795. [PMID: 38792978 PMCID: PMC11122736 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a chronic progressive respiratory disease characterized by permanent dilatation of the bronchi. It is a complex condition with numerous different etiologies, co-morbidities, and a heterogeneous presentation. As we know, there is a lack of studies that describe the differences and compare the characteristics between focal and multifocal bronchiectasis. The aim of this study is to identify differences in clinical characteristics presentation, severity or distribution in focal and multifocal bronchiectasis, and prognostic implications. Methods: 126 patients with computed tomography (CT)-verified bronchiectasis were enrolled. Baseline characteristics that included age, sex, smoking history, and respiratory symptoms were recorded, with special attention paid to hemoptysis appearance, body mass index, and comorbidities. The type of bronchiectasis determined by CT scan and the modified Reiff scores indicating radiological severity were recorded. Patients were divided in two groups (I is focal and II is multifocal). Results: There were no statistically significant differences in age, smoking status, comorbidity, and BMI between the two groups. Multifocality was associated with a significantly higher proportion of females (p = 0.014), the rate of hemoptysis (p = 0.023), and the number of hospitalizations, but not of exacerbations and prevalence of immunodeficiency (p = 0.049). Significantly, a high number of subjects with multifocality had bronchiectasis of moderate severity, and post-infective and asthma-associated phenotypes were the dominant in this group. Unexpectedly, the cystic and varicose radiological phenotype (which need more time to develop) were more dominant in the focal group. The cylindrical phenotype was equally observed in the multifocal and focal groups. Conclusions: Our study suggests that multifocality is not related to age, number of exacerbations, or radiological phenotype, but it seems to be associated with the clinical post-infective phenotype, immunodeficiency, frequent hospitalizations, and severity. Thus, the presence of multifocal bronchiectasis may act as a biomarker of severity and poor outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Jankovic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Jandric
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Natasa Djurdjevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragan Vukosavljevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Zlatan Bojic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andrej Zecevic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mihailo Stjepanovic
- Clinic for Pulmonology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.J.); (A.J.); (N.D.); (D.V.); (Z.B.); (A.Z.)
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Su C, Li C, Hu X, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang X, Tong Y. Association Between ACE2 and Lung Diseases. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:1771-1780. [PMID: 38736435 PMCID: PMC11088384 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s445180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). Additionally, it has been identified as a functional receptor for the Coronavirus. Research indicates that ACE2 plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular systems by modulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Its role in pulmonary diseases has also garnered significant attention due to the widespread prevalence of Coronavirus. There is solid evidence linking ACE2 to other pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, allergic asthma, among others. However, the exact pathological and physiological mechanisms of ACE2 in these diseases remain elusive. Our research aims to review and explore the latest advancements in ACE2-related studies in pulmonary diseases. These findings have the potential to open new avenues for utilizing ACE2 as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Su
- School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cai Li
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Center, Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Global Study Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1205, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeqing Tong
- Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Puzzi VC, Oliveira JMD, Alves TB, Silva JPDC, Pedroso A, Furlanetto KC. Reliability and validity of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale for adults with asthma. J Asthma 2024; 61:1-9. [PMID: 37417908 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2234990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dyspnea during activities of daily living (ADL) is frequently reported by adults with asthma. However, instruments that specifically assess that in people with asthma have not yet been validated. OBJECTIVES To investigate the validity and reliability, including standard error of measurement (SEM) and Minimum Detectable Change (MDC), of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL) scale for adults with asthma. METHODS Adults with asthma answered the LCADL scale which was performed twice by the same rater. Spirometry, 6-min walk test (6MWT), St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, Asthma Quality of Life questionnaire (AQLQ), Asthma Control Test (ACT), and Glittre-ADL test were assessed. For statistical analyses, Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon test, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Cronbach's alpha coefficient, SEM, MDC were performed. RESULTS Seventy participants were included (30% men, 44 ± 15 years old, BMI 27[23-31]kg/m2, FEV1 80 ± 17%predicted). For convergent validity, the LCADL scale was moderately correlated with SGRQ, AQLQ, and Glittre-ADL (r = 0.57, -0.46, and 0.41 respectively; p < 0.0001). The LCADL scale correlated weakly with the mMRC scale, ACT, and spirometry measures (-0.23 CONCLUSION The LCADL scale is valid and reliable for assessing dyspnea during ADL in adults with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Cavalheiro Puzzi
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy - LFIP, Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Joice Mara de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy - LFIP, Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thainá Bessa Alves
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy - LFIP, Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jessica Priscila da Conceição Silva
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy - LFIP, Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Ariele Pedroso
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy - LFIP, Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Karina Couto Furlanetto
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Pitágoras-Unopar University (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy - LFIP, Department of Physiotherapy, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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Goncalves B, Eze UA. Sputum induction and its diagnostic applications in inflammatory airway disorders: a review. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1282782. [PMID: 37901763 PMCID: PMC10600502 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1282782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sputum induction is a technique that covers the induction and the subsequent processing of the expectorate primarily for the analysis of cells and different inflammatory biomarkers present in the airways to further understand the pathophysiology of different inflammatory respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as the diagnosis of lung diseases such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. It is a non-invasive, safe, cost-effective, and reliable technique reported to exhibit a high success rate. However, due to being technically demanding and time-consuming and having the need of employing trained staff, this technique is only used in restricted research centres and in limited centres of clinical use. When the sputum is collected after induction, the primary goal is to obtain a differential cell count and evaluate the molecular biomarkers of airway inflammation such as eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, major basic protein, tryptase, cytokine production [e.g., interleukin (IL)-5], albumin, and fibrinogen. In addition, cytospins from the processed sputum are used for immunocytochemical staining of cellular products such as EG-2 reactive protein, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and IL-8 that play significant roles in understanding the pathophysiology of inflammatory airway diseases. Nowadays, this technique can be further used by performing an additional analysis such as flow cytometry and in situ hybridisation on the sputum supernatant to investigate more the immune response and pathophysiological process of such various respiratory diseases. In addition, the application of sputum fluid phase to assess the biomarkers could be used more routinely in pathological laboratories for diagnosing lung cancer, COPD, and asthma as well as for monitoring lung cancer progression and asthma and COPD treatment, allowing for early detection and a better treatment provided by the clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Goncalves
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Respiratory Sciences, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ukpai A. Eze
- Leicester School of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Utembe W, Andraos C, Gulumian M. Immunotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials and their role in asthma. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:491-505. [PMID: 37933836 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2270519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in vivo and in vitro has formed the basis of most studies. However, the toxicity of ENMs, particularly on the immune system, i.e. immunotoxicity, and their role in manipulating it, are less known. This review addresses the initiation or exacerbation as well as the attenuation of allergic asthma by a variety of ENMs and how they may be used in drug delivery to enhance the treatment of asthma. This review also highlights a few research gaps in the study of the immunotoxicity of ENMs, for example, the potential drawbacks of assays used in immunotoxicity assays; the potential role of hormesis during dosing of ENMs; and the variables that result in discrepancies among different studies, such as the physicochemical properties of ENMs, differences in asthmatic animal models, and different routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wells Utembe
- Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Environmental Health Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlene Andraos
- Toxicology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Occupational Health, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mary Gulumian
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine Department, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Cakmak A, Kocaaga E, Sonbahar-Ulu H, Inal-Ince D, Vardar-Yagli N, Calik-Kutukcu E, Saglam M, Coplu L. Upper Extremity Exercise Capacity and Activities of Daily Living in Individuals With Bronchiectasis Versus Healthy Controls. Phys Ther 2023; 103:pzad012. [PMID: 37086209 PMCID: PMC10155809 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the upper extremity exercise capacity and activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals with bronchiectasis and controls. METHODS Twenty-four individuals with bronchiectasis and 24 healthy controls were assessed for upper extremity exercise capacity (6-minute pegboard and ring test [6PBRT]) and ADL (Glittre ADL test). Energy expenditure was measured using a wearable metabolic monitor during the Glittre ADL test. RESULTS The mean [SD] 6PBRT score of individuals with bronchiectasis was significantly lower than the mean score of controls (196.50 [51.75] vs 243.00 [29.76] number of rings). The Glittre ADL test duration was significantly higher in individuals with bronchiectasis compared with controls (3.54 [1.53] vs 2.36 [0.18] minutes), despite similar energy expenditure during the Glittre ADL test between the groups (17.67 [5.28] kcal in individuals with bronchiectasis vs 18.13 [5.71] kcal in controls). The 6PBRT score and the Glittre ADL test duration were negatively correlated in individuals with bronchiectasis (r = -0.694). CONCLUSION The individuals with bronchiectasis had reduced upper extremity exercise capacity compared with healthy controls. Energy expenditure during ADL was similar between individuals with bronchiectasis and healthy controls, despite lower ADL performance in individuals with bronchiectasis. The upper extremity exercise capacity and ADL are related in individuals with bronchiectasis. Given this relationship, inclusion of upper extremity exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation programs should be considered. IMPACT Considering the impairment of upper extremity exercise capacity and ADL in individuals with bronchiectasis highlights the need to tailor preventive strategies and preclude further unfavorable effects. LAY SUMMARY Bronchiectasis may reduce exercise capacity in your arms and reduce your ability to perform daily living activities. Physical therapists can evaluate your condition and create rehabilitation programs to help manage these impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Cakmak
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Kocaaga
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Sonbahar-Ulu
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Deniz Inal-Ince
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Vardar-Yagli
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Calik-Kutukcu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melda Saglam
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lutfi Coplu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Light-sheet laser speckle imaging for cilia motility assessment. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1661-1669. [PMID: 36874161 PMCID: PMC9978471 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is an important innate defense mechanism predominantly mediated by ciliated cells in the upper respiratory tract. Ciliary motility on the respiratory epithelium surface and mucus pathogen trapping assist in maintaining healthy airways. Optical imaging methods have been used to obtain several indicators for assessing ciliary movement. Light-sheet laser speckle imaging (LSH-LSI) is a label-free and non-invasive optical technique for three-dimensional and quantitative mapping of velocities of microscopic scatterers. Here, we propose to use an inverted LSH-LSI platform to study cilia motility. We have experimentally confirmed that LSH-LSI can reliably measure the ciliary beating frequency and has the potential to provide many additional quantitative indicators for characterizing the ciliary beating pattern without labeling. For example, the asymmetry between the power stroke and the recovery stroke is apparent in the local velocity waveform. PIV (particle imaging velocimetry) analysis of laser speckle data could determine the cilia motion directions in different phases.
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Pitzner‐Fabricius A, Clark VL, Backer V, Gibson PG, McDonald VM. Factors associated with 6-min walk distance in severe asthma: A cross-sectional study. Respirology 2022; 27:1025-1033. [PMID: 35811337 PMCID: PMC9796104 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Exercise capacity is associated with health-related quality of life and symptom control in severe asthma. Thus, interventions targeting exercise capacity are likely to be beneficial. However, clinical and biological factors impacting exercise capacity in severe asthma are sparsely investigated. We aimed to describe the association of selected clinical and biological factors with 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in adults with severe asthma and investigate the impact of sex on these outcomes. METHODS A cross-sectional study in adults with severe asthma was conducted. Exercise capacity was measured by 6-min walk test, and association between 6MWD and predictors were evaluated using multiple linear regression. RESULTS A total of 137 patients (females, 85; median age, 59 years) were recruited. Overall, asthma control (-15.2 m, 95% CI -22.6 to -7.7; p = 0.0001) and BMI (-3.2 m, 95% CI -5.1 to -1.3; p = 0.001) were significantly associated with exercise capacity (adjusted variance, adj. R2 = 0.425). In females, 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5; p = 0.005) and BMI (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with 6MWD (adj. R2 = 0.423). In males, a 0.5-point increase in ACQ-5 was associated with a decrease in 6MWD by 10.2 m (95% CI -22.8 to 2.4; p = 0.11), but no clinical nor biological factors reached statistical significance (adj. R2 = 0.393). CONCLUSION Asthma symptoms and BMI were associated with exercise capacity in the overall population. Optimizing these factors may enhance the ability of patients to improve their exercise capacity and gain the associated positive health outcomes, but further studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Pitzner‐Fabricius
- Centre for Physical Activity ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital—RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Vanessa L. Clark
- Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsHunter Medical Research Institute, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vibeke Backer
- Centre for Physical Activity ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital—RigshospitaletCopenhagenDenmark,Department of OtorhinolaryngologyRigshospitalet, University of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsHunter Medical Research Institute, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineJohn Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Vanessa M. McDonald
- Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma and Priority Research Centre for Healthy LungsHunter Medical Research Institute, College of Health Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of NewcastleNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia,Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineJohn Hunter HospitalNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
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Saygın Avşar T, Jackson L, Barton P, Jones M, McLeod H. Towards optimum smoking cessation interventions during pregnancy: a household model to explore cost-effectiveness. Addiction 2022; 117:2707-2719. [PMID: 35603912 PMCID: PMC9541394 DOI: 10.1111/add.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous economic evaluations of smoking cessation interventions for pregnant women are limited to single components, which do not in isolation offer sufficient potential impact to address smoking cessation targets. To inform the development of more appropriate complex interventions, we (1) describe the development of the Economics of Smoking in Pregnancy: Household (ESIP.H) model for estimating the life-time cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions aimed at pregnant women and (2) use a hypothetical case study to demonstrate how ESIP.H can be used to identify the characteristics of optimum smoking cessation interventions. METHODS The hypothetical intervention was based on current evidence relating to component elements, including financial incentives, partner smoking, intensive behaviour change support, cigarettes consumption and duration of support to 12 months post-partum. ESIP.H was developed to assess the life-time health and cost impacts of multi-component interventions compared with standard National Health Service (NHS) care in England. ESIP.H considers cigarette consumption, partner smoking and some health conditions (e.g. obesity) that were not included in previous models. The Markov model's parameters were estimated based on published literature, expert judgement and evidence-based assumptions. The hypothetical intervention was evaluated from an NHS perspective. RESULTS The hypothetical intervention was associated with an incremental gain in quitters (mother and partner) at 12 months postpartum of 249 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 195-304] per 1000 pregnant smokers. Over the long-term, it had an incremental negative cost of £193 (CI = -£779 to 344) and it improved health, with a 0.50 (CI = 0.36-0.69) increase in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) for mothers, partners and offspring, with a 100% probability of being cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS The Economics of Smoking in Pregnancy: Household model for estimating cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions aimed at pregnant women found that a hypothetical smoking cessation intervention would greatly extend reach, reduce smoking and be cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Saygın Avşar
- Department of Applied Health ResearchUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Louise Jackson
- Health Economics UnitUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Pelham Barton
- Health Economics UnitUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Matthew Jones
- Division of Primary CareUniversity of Nottingham, NottinghamUK
| | - Hugh McLeod
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK,The National Institute for Health Research Applied Research Collaboration West (NIHR ARC West) at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation TrustBristolUK
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Practical tips in bronchiectasis for Primary Care. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2022; 32:33. [PMID: 36075906 PMCID: PMC9453736 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-022-00297-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis is the third most common chronic inflammatory airway disease, after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma with a prevalence clearly underestimated probably because of its clinical similitudes with other chronic airway diseases. Bronchiectasis can be caused by a dozen of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary diseases and a variable number and severity of exacerbations can appear throughout its natural history, usually with an infectious profile. The dilation of the airway and the inflammation/infection is their radiological and pathophysiological hallmarks. Primary Care should play an important play in many aspects of the bronchiectasis assessment. In this article, we will try to offer a series of important concepts and practical tips on some key aspects of the diagnosis and management of bronchiectasis in Primary Care: clinical suspicion, diagnostic methods, severity assessment, overlap with asthma and COPD and microbiological and therapeutic aspects.
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12
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Cousins M, Hart K, Williams EM, Kotecha S. Impaired exercise outcomes with significant bronchodilator responsiveness in children with prematurity-associated obstructive lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:2161-2171. [PMID: 35638186 PMCID: PMC9546294 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preterm-born children have their normal in-utero lung development interrupted, thus are at risk of short- and long-term lung disease. Spirometry and exercise capacity impairments have been regularly reported in preterm-born children especially those who developed chronic lung disease of prematurity (CLD) in infancy. However, specific phenotypes may be differentially associated with exercise capacity. We investigated exercise capacity associated with prematurity-associated obstructive (POLD) or prematurity-associated preserved ratio of impaired spirometry (pPRISm) when compared to preterm- and term-controls with normal lung function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preterm- and term-born children identified through home screening underwent in-depth lung function and cardiorespiratory exercise testing, including administration of postexercise bronchodilator, as part of the Respiratory Health Outcomes in Neonates (RHiNO) study. RESULTS From 241 invited children, aged 7-12 years, 202 underwent exercise testing including 18 children with POLD (percent predicted (%)FEV1 and FEV1 /FVC < LLN); 12 pPRISm (%FEV1 < LLN and FEV1 /FVC ≥ LLN), 106 preterm-controls (PTc , %FEV1 ≥ LLN) and 66 term-controls (Tc , %FEV1 > 90%). POLD children had reduced relative workload, peak O2 uptake, CO2 production, and minute ventilation compared to Tc , and used a greater proportion of their breathing reserve compared to both control groups. pPRISm and PTc children also had lower O2 uptake compared to Tc . POLD children had the greatest response to postexercise bronchodilator, improving their %FEV1 by 19.4% (vs 6.3%, 6% 6.3% in pPRISm PTc, Tc , respectively; p < .001). CONCLUSION Preterm-born children with obstructive airway disease had the greatest impairment in exercise capacity, and significantly greater response to postexercise bronchodilators. These classifications can be used to guide treatment in children with POLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cousins
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kylie Hart
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - E Mark Williams
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Sailesh Kotecha
- Department of Child Health, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Lee SH, Kim YS, Yeo MK, Mahmood M, Zavanelli N, Chung C, Heo JY, Kim Y, Jung SS, Yeo WH. Fully portable continuous real-time auscultation with a soft wearable stethoscope designed for automated disease diagnosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5867. [PMID: 35613271 PMCID: PMC9132462 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Modern auscultation, using digital stethoscopes, provides a better solution than conventional methods in sound recording and visualization. However, current digital stethoscopes are too bulky and nonconformal to the skin for continuous auscultation. Moreover, motion artifacts from the rigidity cause friction noise, leading to inaccurate diagnoses. Here, we report a class of technologies that offers real-time, wireless, continuous auscultation using a soft wearable system as a quantitative disease diagnosis tool for various diseases. The soft device can detect continuous cardiopulmonary sounds with minimal noise and classify real-time signal abnormalities. A clinical study with multiple patients and control subjects captures the unique advantage of the wearable auscultation method with embedded machine learning for automated diagnoses of four types of lung diseases: crackle, wheeze, stridor, and rhonchi, with a 95% accuracy. The soft system also demonstrates the potential for a sleep study by detecting disordered breathing for home sleep and apnea detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Yun-Soung Kim
- Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Min-Kyung Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Musa Mahmood
- Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Nathan Zavanelli
- Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Jung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (W.-H.Y.); (S.-S.J.)
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering at the Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Neural Engineering Center, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Corresponding author. (W.-H.Y.); (S.-S.J.)
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Mansouri A, Reiner Ž, Ruscica M, Tedeschi-Reiner E, Radbakhsh S, Bagheri Ekta M, Sahebkar A. Antioxidant Effects of Statins by Modulating Nrf2 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Different Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051313. [PMID: 35268403 PMCID: PMC8911353 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins are competitive inhibitors of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and have been used to treat elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) for almost four decades. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties which are independent of the lipid-lowering effects of statins, i.e., their pleiotropic effects, might be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of many diseases. This review discusses the antioxidant effects of statins achieved by modulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2/ heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) pathway in different organs and diseases. Nrf2 and other proteins involved in the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway have a crucial role in cellular responses to oxidative stress, which is a risk factor for ASCVD. Statins can significantly increase the DNA-binding activity of Nrf2 and induce the expression of its target genes, such as HO-1 and glutathione peroxidase) GPx, (thus protecting the cells against oxidative stress. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of statins, which are independent of their lipid-lowering effects, could be partly explained by the modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Mansouri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Massimiliano Ruscica
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Eugenia Tedeschi-Reiner
- University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, University of Osijek, Vinogradska Cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Shabnam Radbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mariam Bagheri Ekta
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
- Correspondence: or
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15
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Lei J, Yang T, Liang C, Huang K, Wu S, Wang C. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Short-Term Prognoses Within Hospitalized Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Comorbid With Asthma, Bronchiectasis, and Their Overlaps: Findings From the ACURE Registry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:817048. [PMID: 35280888 PMCID: PMC8914031 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.817048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Real-world evidence and comparison among commonly seen chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotypes, i.e., asthma–COPD overlap (ACO), bronchiectasis–COPD overlap (BCO), and their coexistence (ABCO) have not been fully depicted, especially in Chinese patients. Methods Data were retrieved from an ongoing nationwide registry in hospitalized patients due to acute exacerbation of COPD in China (ACURE). Results Of the eligible 4,813 patients with COPD, 338 (7.02%), 492 (10.22%), and 63 (1.31%) were identified as ACO, BCO, and ABCO phenotypes, respectively. Relatively, the ABCO phenotype had a younger age with a median of 62.99 years [interquartile range (IQR): 55.93–69.48] and the COPD phenotype had an older age with a median of 70.15 years (IQR: 64.37–76.82). The BCO and COPD phenotypes were similar in body mass index with a median of 21.79 kg/m2 (IQR: 19.47–23.97) and 21.79 kg/m2 (IQR: 19.49–24.22), respectively. The COPD phenotype had more male gender (79.90%) and smokers (71.12%) with a longer history of smoking (median: 32.45 years, IQR: 0.00–43.91). The ACO and ABCO phenotypes suffered more prior allergic episodes with a proportion of 18.05 and 19.05%, respectively. The ACO phenotype exhibited a higher level of eosinophil and better lung reversibility. Moreover, the four phenotypes showed no significant difference neither in all-cause mortality, intensive care unit admission, length of hospital stay, and COPD Assessment Test score change during the index hospitalization, and nor in the day 30 outcomes, i.e., all-cause mortality, recurrence of exacerbation, all-cause, and exacerbation-related readmission. Conclusions The ACO, BCO, ABCO, and COPD phenotypes exhibited distinct clinical features but had no varied short-term prognoses. Further validation in a larger sample is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Lei
- Data and Project Management Unit, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Yang
| | - Chen Liang
- Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care, Beijing, China
| | - Sinan Wu
- Data and Project Management Unit, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, China
- Chinese Alliance for Respiratory Diseases in Primary Care, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Chen Wang
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16
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Giusti EM, Papazian B, Manna C, Giussani V, Perotti M, Castelli F, Battaglia S, Galli P, Rossi A, Re V, Goulene K, Castelnuovo G, Stramba-Badiale M. The Effects of an Acceptance and Commitment-Informed Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Program for Chronic Airway Diseases on Health Status and Psychological Symptoms. Front Psychol 2022; 12:818659. [PMID: 35153934 PMCID: PMC8828560 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.818659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic airway diseases are prevalent and costly conditions. Interdisciplinary rehabilitation programs that include Acceptance and Commitment-based (ACT) components could be important to tackle the vicious circle linking progression of the disease, inactivity, and psychopathological symptoms. METHODS A retrospective evaluation of routinely collected data of an interdisciplinary rehabilitation program was performed. The program included group sessions including patient education, breathing exercise, occupational therapy and an ACT-based psychological treatment, and individual sessions of physical therapy. Demographic data, clinical characteristics of the patients and the values of outcome variables (health status, quality of life, anxiety, and depression) before treatment, at discharge, at 3 months, and at 6 months were extracted from medical records. Multiple imputation was employed to address missing data. Linear mixed models were employed to assess changes over time. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of a minimum clinically important change of health status from baseline to the 6-months follow-up. RESULTS Data from 31 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 12 patients with bronchiectasis were extracted. Health status improved from baseline to discharge to the 3 months follow-up, but not to the 6 months follow-up. Anxiety and depression improved across all the time points. Quality of life did not improve over time. Having a worse health status at baseline and fewer depressive symptoms were significantly associated with achieving a minimum clinically important change of health status at 6 months. The effects of the interdisciplinary program were not different for patients with COPD or with bronchiectasis. DISCUSSION Interdisciplinary programs including ACT-based components are promising treatments for the rehabilitation of patients with chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Papazian
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Manna
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Giussani
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Perotti
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Castelli
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Battaglia
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Galli
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Rossi
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Re
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Karine Goulene
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Stramba-Badiale
- Department of Geriatrics and Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Role of Human Antigen R (HuR) in the Regulation of Pulmonary ACE2 Expression. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010022. [PMID: 35011584 PMCID: PMC8750694 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with COPD may be at an increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19 because of ACE2 upregulation, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, the main risk factor for COPD, increases pulmonary ACE2. How ACE2 expression is controlled is not known but may involve HuR, an RNA binding protein that increases protein expression by stabilizing mRNA. We hypothesized that HuR would increase ACE2 protein expression. We analyzed scRNA-seq data to profile ELAVL1 expression in distinct respiratory cell populations in COVID-19 and COPD patients. HuR expression and cellular localization was evaluated in COPD lung tissue by multiplex immunohistochemistry and in human lung cells by imaging flow cytometry. The regulation of ACE2 expression was evaluated using siRNA-mediated knockdown of HuR. There is a significant positive correlation between ELAVL1 and ACE2 in COPD cells. HuR cytoplasmic localization is higher in smoker and COPD lung tissue; there were also higher levels of cleaved HuR (CP-1). HuR binds to ACE2 mRNA but knockdown of HuR does not change ACE2 protein levels in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). Our work is the first to investigate the association between ACE2 and HuR. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanistic underpinning behind the regulation of ACE2 expression.
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Jaafar H, Azzeri A, Isahak M, Dahlui M. The Impact of Haze on Healthcare Utilizations for Acute Respiratory Diseases: Evidence From Malaysia. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.764300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haze imposes a substantial disease burden on the human population especially in the Southeast Asia region due to the high frequency of haze episodes. The reduction of air quality levels by haze has resulted in a substantial disease burden and an increase in healthcare utilization (HU). This study aims to determine the association between haze and HU of haze-related respiratory illnesses with a focus given on the acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (AEBA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). A cross-sectional study was conducted through secondary data collection of haze/non-haze episodes as the study exposures and HU related to the exacerbation of bronchial asthma and COPD as the study outcomes. Data on haze/non-haze episodes and HU for four consecutive years (2012–2015) were retrieved from the Department of Environment and Ministry of Health Malaysia, respectively. In the four consecutive years, the percentage of haze episodes recorded in all stations was higher (67%) as compared to non-haze (33%) episodes. Means (SD) of patients diagnosed with AEBA and AECOPD were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) for inpatient 74 (62.1) and outpatient 320 (650.1) cases during haze episodes as compared to inpatient 34 (16.5) and outpatient 146 (170.5) cases during non-haze episodes. Findings from this study indicated that haze episodes incurred a significant healthcare burden due to an increase in HU. The evidence from this study will help the policymakers to prepare and allocate resources to control future implications of haze-related illnesses.
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Non-Contact Spirometry Using a Mobile Thermal Camera and AI Regression. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21227574. [PMID: 34833650 PMCID: PMC8624693 DOI: 10.3390/s21227574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-contact physiological measurements have been under investigation for many years, and among these measurements is non-contact spirometry, which could provide acute and chronic pulmonary disease monitoring and diagnosis. This work presents a feasibility study for non-contact spirometry measurements using a mobile thermal imaging system. Thermal images were acquired from 19 subjects for measuring the respiration rate and the volume of inhaled and exhaled air. A mobile application was built to measure the respiration rate and export the respiration signal to a personal computer. The mobile application acquired thermal video images at a rate of nine frames/second and the OpenCV library was used for localization of the area of interest (nose and mouth). Artificial intelligence regressors were used to predict the inhalation and exhalation air volume. Several regressors were tested and four of them showed excellent performance: random forest, adaptive boosting, gradient boosting, and decision trees. The latter showed the best regression results, with an R-square value of 0.9998 and a mean square error of 0.0023. The results of this study showed that non-contact spirometry based on a thermal imaging system is feasible and provides all the basic measurements that the conventional spirometers support.
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Aloufi N, Alluli A, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. Aberrant Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Protein Expression in the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111963. [PMID: 34769392 PMCID: PMC8584689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable and prevalent respiratory disorder that is characterized by chronic inflammation and emphysema. COPD is primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS alters numerous cellular processes, including the post-transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. The identification of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as main factors engaged in the regulation of RNA biology opens the door to understanding their role in coordinating physiological cellular processes. Dysregulation of post-transcriptional regulation by foreign particles in CS may lead to the development of diseases such as COPD. Here we review current knowledge about post-transcriptional events that may be involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noof Aloufi
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (N.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Universities Road, Medina P.O. Box 344, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah Alluli
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (N.A.); (A.A.)
| | - David H. Eidelman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada; (N.A.); (A.A.)
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Correspondence:
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21
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Almuntashiri S, Han Y, Zhu Y, Dutta S, Niazi S, Wang X, Siddiqui B, Zhang D. CC16 Regulates Inflammation, ROS Generation and Apoptosis in Bronchial Epithelial Cells during Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111459. [PMID: 34768890 PMCID: PMC8583934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative (G-) bacteria are the leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the United States. The devastating damage caused by G- bacteria results from the imbalance of bactericidal effects and overwhelming inflammation. Despite decades of research, the underlying mechanisms by which runaway inflammation is developed remain incompletely understood. Clara Cell Protein 16 (CC16), also known as uteroglobin, is the major protein secreted by Clara cells and the most abundant protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). However, the regulation and functions of CC16 during G- bacterial infection are unknown. In this study, we aimed to assess the regulation of CC16 in response to Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneu) and to investigate the role of CC16 in bronchial epithelial cells. After K. pneu infection, we found that CC16 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in bronchial epithelial cells. Our data also showed that K. pneu infection upregulated cytokine and chemokine genes, including IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in BEAS-2B cells. Endogenously overexpressed CC16 in BEAS-2B cells provided an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing these markers. We also observed that endogenous CC16 can repress NF-κB reporter activity. In contrast, the recombinant CC16 (rCC16) did not show an anti-inflammatory effect in K. pneu-infected cells or suppression of NF-κB promoter activity. Moreover, the overexpression of CC16 reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and protected BEAS-2B cells from K. pneu-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Almuntashiri
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Saugata Dutta
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Sara Niazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
| | - Budder Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (S.A.); (Y.H.); (Y.Z.); (S.D.); (X.W.)
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-721-6491; Fax: +1-706-721-3994
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22
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Yu S, Zhang C, Yan Z, Fang Q, Gao X. Tiotropium Bromide Attenuates Mucus Hypersecretion in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1341644. [PMID: 34650619 PMCID: PMC8510842 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1341644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been observed to benefit from tiotropium bromide. However, there are few studies of tiotropium bromide on sputum and sputum viscosity. To evaluate the effect of tiotropium bromide on mucus hypersecretion, a randomized, double-blind controlled trial was performed. METHODS 120 cases of patients with pulmonary function grade II were divided into two groups, which include the treatment group given tiotropium bromide powder inhalation (18 μg, inhalation, QD) and the control group given formoterol fumarate powder inhalation (12 μg, inhalation, BID) plus ambroxol hydrochloride tablets (60 mg, oral, TID). After 3 months of treatment, the pulmonary function and α 1-acid glycoprotein (α 1-AGP) in sputum were detected, and the changes of glycoprotein and Ca2+ content were evaluated by Miller classification. RESULTS Three patients (2 cases in the treatment group and 1 case in the control group) were dropped due to loss of follow-up, and 117 cases of patients were enrolled in this study. After 3 months of treatment, the sputum character score, α1-acid glycoprotein, Ca2+ content, and lung function of the two groups were significantly improved; group comparison analyses revealed that there was no significant difference in the content of α 1-AGP, Ca2+ in sputum, and lung function between the two groups (P > 0.05), but the improvement of sputum properties was significant (P < 0.05), and the treatment group was better than the control group (t = -2.77; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Inhaled tiotropium bromide can effectively inhibit the mucus hypersecretion in stable COPD patients, improve the sputum properties and lung function of patients, and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Caili Zhang
- Minhang Qibao Community Health Service Center, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Zhijun Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Qingqing Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xiwen Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Minhang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201199, China
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23
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Liu B, Li B, Zhou D, Wen X, Wang Y, Chen G, Li N. Steroidal saponins with cytotoxic effects from the rhizomes of Asparagus cochinchinensis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105237. [PMID: 34388486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the ongoing research on potent antitumor agents from the rhizomes of Asparagus cochinchinensis, seven undescribed steroidal saponins asparagusoside A-G (1-7), along with twenty known ones (8-27), were isolated and elucidated via analyzing their 1D, 2D NMR, mass spectroscopic data and chemical methods. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects against human large cell lung carcinoma cells (NCI-H460) in vitro. Among them, compounds 7, 9 and 27 showed more significant antitumor activities than the positive control cisplatin (11.56 μM) with IC50 values of 1.39, 3.04, and 2.25 μM, respectively. Further research about asparagusoside G (7) showed G0/G1 arrest in NCI-H460 cell line cycle and induced cell death by apoptosis in a dose‑dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxin Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Heraganahally SS, Howarth T, Mo L, Sorger L, Ben Saad H. Critical analysis of spirometric patterns in correlation to chest computed tomography among adult Indigenous Australians with chronic airway diseases. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:1229-1238. [PMID: 33985393 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1928496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is sparse literature evidence in the spirometric patterns of adult Indigenous Australians with and without chest computed tomography (CT)-proven chronic airway diseases (CADs).Methods: Participants spirometry testing graded as acceptable for quality and had a chest CT scan showing radiographic evidence of CADs were included for analysis.Results: Of the 1350 spirometric tests performed between 2012 and 2020, a total of 212 patients with a mean age of 53 years and 54% females were eligible to be included. One-third (30%) had normal chest CT (without CADs), 35% had predominant COPD, 19% bronchiectasis and 16% combined COPD and bronchiectasis. Percentage predicted values for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) both pre- and post- bronchodilator were significantly reduced for all participants - FVC: CT-normal 64%, 65%; COPD 58%, 62%; bronchiectasis 54%, 54%; combined COPD and bronchiectasis 50%, 53%. FEV1: CT-normal 62%, 65%; COPD 46%, 49%; bronchiectasis 48%,51%; combined COPD and bronchiectasis 36%,40%. FEV1/FVC was only reduced for CT abnormality patients - CT-normal 96%,98%; COPD 77%,77%; bronchiectasis 87%,89%; combined COPD and bronchiectasis 71%,72%.Conclusions: Restrictive spirometric pattern is common and an obstructive pattern with COPD, in isolation or when COPD coexists with bronchiectasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash S Heraganahally
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,Flinders University - College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health, Darwin Private Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Timothy Howarth
- Darwin Respiratory and Sleep Health, Darwin Private Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.,College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Lin Mo
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Lisa Sorger
- Department of Medical Imaging, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- University of Sousse, Farhat HACHED Hospital, Heart Failure Research Laboratory (LR12SP09), Sousse, Tunisia
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25
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Liu G, Philp AM, Corte T, Travis MA, Schilter H, Hansbro NG, Burns CJ, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Therapeutic targets in lung tissue remodelling and fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107839. [PMID: 33774068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes involving tissue remodelling and fibrosis are major features of many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is a key factor in the development of tissue remodelling that results in symptoms and impaired lung function in these diseases. Tissue remodelling in the lungs is complex and differs between compartments. Some pathways are common but tissue remodelling around the airways and in the parenchyma have different morphologies. Hence it is critical to evaluate both common fibrotic pathways and those that are specific to different compartments; thereby expanding the understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrosis and remodelling in the airways and parenchyma in asthma, COPD and IPF with a view to developing therapeutic strategies for each. Here we review the current understanding of remodelling features and underlying mechanisms in these major respiratory diseases. The differences and similarities of remodelling are used to highlight potential common therapeutic targets and strategies. One central pathway in remodelling processes involves transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation that increases ECM production. The current treatments and clinical trials targeting remodelling are described, as well as potential future directions. These endeavours are indicative of the renewed effort and optimism for drug discovery targeting tissue remodelling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamera Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Travis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Schilter
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris J Burns
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mathew S Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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26
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Kröner PT, Lee A, Farraye FA. Respiratory Tract Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:563-574. [PMID: 32448912 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease can manifest in many extraintestinal organ systems. The most frequently involved extraintestinal locations include the mucocutaneous, hepatobiliary, and ocular organ systems. The respiratory tract is less commonly involved and is therefore frequently overlooked. Consequently, it is believed that involvement of the respiratory tract in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is underreported. The pathogenesis is thought to be multifactorial, involving the common embryologic origin shared by the respiratory and luminal digestive tract, molecular mimicry, and immunologic interactions leading to immune-complex deposition in affected tissue. The spectrum of manifestations of the respiratory tract related to inflammatory bowel disease is broad. It not only includes direct involvement of the respiratory tract (ie, airways, interstitium, and pleura) but also can result as a consequence of systemic involvement such as in thromboembolic events. In addition, it may also be related to other conditions that affect the respiratory tract such as sarcoidosis and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Though some conditions related to respiratory tract involvement might be subclinical, others may have life-threatening consequences. It is critical to approach patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease-related respiratory tract involvement in concert with pulmonology, infectious diseases, and any other pertinent experts, as treatments may require a multidisciplinary overlap of measures. Therefore, it is of paramount importance for the clinician to be aware of the array of respiratory tract manifestations of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, in addition to the possible spectrum of therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Kröner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Augustine Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Francis A Farraye
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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27
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Jones MA, MacCuaig WM, Frickenstein AN, Camalan S, Gurcan MN, Holter-Chakrabarty J, Morris KT, McNally MW, Booth KK, Carter S, Grizzle WE, McNally LR. Molecular Imaging of Inflammatory Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:152. [PMID: 33557374 PMCID: PMC7914540 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases include a wide variety of highly prevalent conditions with high mortality rates in severe cases ranging from cardiovascular disease, to rheumatoid arthritis, to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to graft vs. host disease, to a number of gastrointestinal disorders. Many diseases that are not considered inflammatory per se are associated with varying levels of inflammation. Imaging of the immune system and inflammatory response is of interest as it can give insight into disease progression and severity. Clinical imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are traditionally limited to the visualization of anatomical information; then, the presence or absence of an inflammatory state must be inferred from the structural abnormalities. Improvement in available contrast agents has made it possible to obtain functional information as well as anatomical. In vivo imaging of inflammation ultimately facilitates an improved accuracy of diagnostics and monitoring of patients to allow for better patient care. Highly specific molecular imaging of inflammatory biomarkers allows for earlier diagnosis to prevent irreversible damage. Advancements in imaging instruments, targeted tracers, and contrast agents represent a rapidly growing area of preclinical research with the hopes of quick translation to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A. Jones
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - William M. MacCuaig
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Alex N. Frickenstein
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (M.A.J.); (W.M.M.); (A.N.F.)
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Seda Camalan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.C.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Metin N. Gurcan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (S.C.); (M.N.G.)
| | - Jennifer Holter-Chakrabarty
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Katherine T. Morris
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Molly W. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Kristina K. Booth
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Steven Carter
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - William E. Grizzle
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Lacey R. McNally
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (J.H.-C.); (K.T.M.); (M.W.M.); (K.K.B.); (S.C.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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28
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Skibba M, Drelich A, Poellmann M, Hong S, Brasier AR. Nanoapproaches to Modifying Epigenetics of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition for Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:607689. [PMID: 33384604 PMCID: PMC7770469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.607689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronically progressive interstitial lung that affects over 3 M people worldwide and rising in incidence. With a median survival of 2-3 years, IPF is consequently associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare burden. Although two antifibrotic therapies, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are approved for human use, these agents reduce the rate of decline of pulmonary function but are not curative and do not reverse established fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the prevailing epithelial injury hypothesis, wherein pathogenic airway epithelial cell-state changes known as Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) promotes the expansion of myofibroblast populations. Myofibroblasts are principal components of extracellular matrix production that result in airspace loss and mortality. We review the epigenetic transition driving EMT, a process produced by changes in histone acetylation regulating mesenchymal gene expression programs. This mechanistic work has focused on the central role of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in mediating EMT and myofibroblast transition and initial preclinical work has provided evidence of efficacy. As nanomedicine presents a promising approach to enhancing the efficacy of such anti-IPF agents, we then focus on the state of nanomedicine formulations for inhalable delivery in the treatment of pulmonary diseases, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), inorganic NPs, and exosomes. These nanoscale agents potentially provide unique properties to existing pulmonary therapeutics, including controlled release, reduced systemic toxicity, and combination delivery. NP-based approaches for pulmonary delivery thus offer substantial promise to modify epigenetic regulators of EMT and advance treatments for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Skibba
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
| | - Adam Drelich
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael Poellmann
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Seungpyo Hong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
- Yonsei Frontier Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), Madison, WI, United States
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Cardiopulmonary Status in Adults with Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Intrinsic Lung Disease May Contribute More Than Scoliosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:2833-2843. [PMID: 32649370 PMCID: PMC7899416 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of collagen-related disorders characterized by osteopenia, bone fractures, spine deformities, and nonskeletal complications. Cardiopulmonary complications are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults with OI. The cause of such problems was often attributed solely to the presence of large scoliosis curves affecting pulmonary function and, indirectly, cardiovascular health. However, recent studies suggest this may not be the case. Therefore, determining the relationships and causative agents of cardiopulmonary problems in patients with OI, specifically pulmonary impairment, is important to improving the overall wellbeing, quality of life, and survival of these patients. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Is cardiopulmonary fitness in OI solely related to the presence of scoliosis? (2) What is the prevalence of heart and lung complications in this adult population? (3) Does the presence of pulmonary impairment impact quality of life in adults with OI? METHODS This is a prospective observational cross-sectional study. Within 1 year, each participant (n = 30) completed pulmonary function testing, echocardiogram, ECG, chest CT, AP spine radiography, and quality-of-life assessments (SF-36, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). In terms of pulmonary function, we differentiated restrictive and obstructive physiology using the ratio of forced expiratory volume over one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), with restrictive lung physiology defined as FEV1/FVC > 0.8 and obstructive lung physiology as FEV1/FVC < 0.7. Spine radiographs were evaluated for scoliosis. Chest CT images were reviewed to qualitatively assess the lungs. The statistical analysis involved a Kruskall-Wallis test with Bonferroni's correction and a bivariate correlation analysis using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient (p < 0.05). RESULTS Sixteen of 23 participants with restrictive lung physiology had scoliosis; their ages ranged from 19 years to 67 years. There was no correlation between the magnitude of the scoliosis curve and deficient pulmonary function (R = 0.08; p = 0.68). Seven participants had normal pulmonary function. The average scoliosis curve was 44 ± 29°. Thirteen participants had abnormal ECG findings while 10 had abnormal echocardiogram results. All but two individuals with abnormal chest CT results were found to have bronchial wall thickening. There were no differences in pulmonary or cardiac findings between OI types, except for FVC and total lung capacity, which were lower in individuals with Type III OI than in those with other types of OI. FEV1/FVC correlated with St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (R = 0.429; p = 0.02) but not with Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (R = -0.26; p = 0.19) or SF-36 scores (physical component summary: R = -0.037, p = 0.85; mental component summary: R = -0.204, p = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS The lack of a relationship between decreased pulmonary function and the severity of scoliosis suggests that restrictive lung physiology in this population is likely because of factors intrinsic to OI and not entirely because of thoracic cage deformities. The fact that pulmonary impairment influences self-perceived quality of life exemplifies how detrimental such complications may be to everyday functioning. This also reinforces the importance of determining the underlying cause of cardiopulmonary impairment in this population to set clear clinical guidelines of care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, prognostic study.
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30
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Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse: A COPD/Asthma Mimic or a Treatment-emergent Consequence of Inhaled Corticosteroid Therapy: Case Series and Brief Literature Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/cpm.0000000000000382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Tulbah AS. The potential of Atorvastatin for chronic lung diseases therapy. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1353-1363. [PMID: 33250642 PMCID: PMC7679442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin (ATO) is of the statin class and is used as an orally administered lipid-lowering drug. ATO is a reversible synthetic competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase thus leading to a reduction in cholesterol synthesis. It has recently been demonstrated that ATO has different pharmacological actions, which are unrelated to its lipid-lowering effects and has the ability to treat chronic airway diseases. This paper reviews the potential of ATO as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative agent after oral or inhaled administration. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using ATO under conditions associated with those found in the airways. This treatment could potentially be used to support the formulating of ATO as an inhaler for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases.
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Key Words
- %, Percentage
- AA, Allergic asthma
- AP-1, Activator protein-1
- ATO, Atorvastatin
- Atorvastatin
- BALF, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
- CCL7, Chemokine ligand 7
- CI, Confidence interval
- COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- CS, Cigarettes smoke
- CYP3A4/5, Cytochrome Metabolic enzymes3A4/5
- FPP, Farnesylpyrophosphate
- G, Gram
- GEF, Guanine nucleotide exchange factors
- GGPP, Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate
- IL, Interleukins
- Inflammation
- Inhale
- Log P, Partition coefficient
- MMPs, Matrix-metalloprotease
- MVA, Mevalonic acid
- NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NCSCL, Non-small cell lung cancer
- NF-κB, Nuclear factor kappa
- NOS, Nitric oxide synthase
- NaOH, Sodium hydroxide
- OATP, Organic anion transporting polypeptide
- Oral
- Oxidation
- PEG, Polyethylene glycol
- PPE, Porcine pancreatic elastase
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- Respiratory diseases
- SAS, Supercritical antisolvent
- SphK1, Sphingosine kinase 1
- TGF, Transforming growth factor
- TNF-a, Tumour necrosis factor alpha
- TSC, Tuberous sclerosis
- UDP, Uridine diphosphate
- UV, Ultraviolet light
- VEGF, Vascular endothelial cell growth factor
- VLDL, Very low-density lipoproteins
- WHO, World Health Organization
- log D, Coefficient values octanol/water
- m2, Square meter
- mg, Milligram
- mg/day, Milligram per day
- ml, Millilitres
- pH, Measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
- pKa, Dissociation constant
- s, Second
- v/v, Volume per volume
- °C/min, Temperature in degrees per minutes
- μM, Micromolar
- μg, Microgram
- μg/day, Microgram per day
- μg/mL, Microgram per millilitre
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Tulbah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Lee S, Han EH, Lim MK, Lee SH, Yu HJ, Lim YH, Kang S. Fermented Platycodon grandiflorum Extracts Relieve Airway Inflammation and Cough Reflex Sensitivity In Vivo. J Med Food 2020; 23:1060-1069. [PMID: 32758004 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been extensively utilized as an herb to relieve phlegm. In this study, the effects of PG root extracts on airway inflammation and cough reflex were investigated, especially using fermented PG extracts (FPE) to increase an active compound, platycodin D by fermentation. FPE significantly reduced the numbers of eosinophils and total cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from lipopolysaccharide/ovalbumin (LPS/OVA)-induced asthma mice versus those of vehicle control. Moreover, in the BALF and the serum, FPE significantly reduced the concentration of IL-17E, a proinflammatory cytokine that causes TH2 immunity, including eosinophil amplification. It was also demonstrated that FPE might relieve inflammations through histological analysis of the lung separated from each mouse. Furthermore, in cough reflex guinea pigs induced by citric acid treatment, FPE treatment significantly reduced the number of coughs versus that of vehicle control, and consequently decreased cough reflex sensitivity. In addition, the total cell number and eosinophils significantly decreased in the BALF obtained from each guinea pig versus that of vehicle control. In in vitro study, pretreatment with FPE in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). Therefore, we demonstrated that FPE relieved airway inflammation and cough reflex sensitivity in vivo, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of iNOS and several proinflammatory cytokines. These findings suggest that FPE might have a beneficial effect on respiratory health, and may be useful as a functional food to prevent respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Eun Hye Han
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lim
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Co., Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Research & Development, Koreaeundan Healthcare Co. Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea.,Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heui Jong Yu
- Research & Development Center, SKbioland Co., Ltd., Ansan, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Young Hee Lim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongman Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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33
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Lan G, Huang C, Liu Y, Feng Y, Ni Y, Shi G. How does comorbid bronchiectasis affect asthmatic patients? A meta-analysis. J Asthma 2020; 58:1314-1328. [PMID: 32552078 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1784194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma and bronchiectasis are known to be two distinct diseases with different etiology, pathophysiology, management, and prognosis. However, a high prevalence of bronchiectasis has been reported in patients with severe asthma. Thus, it is of great importance to identify the impact of bronchiectasis on asthmatic patients.Data sources: Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science were searched comprehensively to identify relevant human clinical studies published until February 2020.Study selections: Two investigators (Gelei Lan and Guochao Shi) independently obtained the potentially eligible articles based on their titles and abstracts. When opinions differed between the investigators, discussions were made to reach an agreement. The authors of the included studies were contacted for inquiry when necessary. RESULTS Six observational studies with 1004 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The mean prevalence of bronchiectasis in patients with asthma was 35.2% (ranging from 2.2% to 47%). Asthmatic patients with bronchiectasis were older, had a longer disease duration, exhibited greater severity, and showed more frequent exacerbations and hospitalization, and poorer lung function, compared with the patients without bronchiectasis. CONCLUSION Despite of the heterogeneity between included studies and detectable publication bias, this meta-analysis demonstrated the impact of comorbid bronchiectasis on asthmatic patients. Thus, coexistence of bronchiectasis should be considered a clinical phenotype of asthma, which may have associations with exacerbation and hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gelei Lan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chunrong Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingmeng Ni
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical School Affiliated Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, China
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34
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Mondejar-Parreño G, Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo A. Kv7 Channels in Lung Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32676036 PMCID: PMC7333540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases constitute a global health concern causing disability. According to WHO in 2016, respiratory diseases accounted for 24% of world population mortality, the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. The Kv7 channels family is a group of voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv) encoded by KCNQ genes that are involved in various physiological functions in numerous cell types, especially, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, neurons, and epithelial cells. Kv7 channel α-subunits are regulated by KCNE1–5 ancillary β-subunits, which modulate several characteristics of Kv7 channels such as biophysical properties, cell-location, channel trafficking, and pharmacological sensitivity. Kv7 channels are mainly expressed in two large groups of lung tissues: pulmonary arteries (PAs) and bronchial tubes. In PA, Kv7 channels are expressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs); while in the airway (trachea, bronchus, and bronchioles), Kv7 channels are expressed in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), airway epithelial cells (AEPs), and vagal airway C-fibers (VACFs). The functional role of Kv7 channels may vary depending on the cell type. Several studies have demonstrated that the impairment of Kv7 channel has a strong impact on pulmonary physiology contributing to the pathophysiology of different respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic coughing, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. Kv7 channels are now recognized as playing relevant physiological roles in many tissues, which have encouraged the search for Kv7 channel modulators with potential therapeutic use in many diseases including those affecting the lung. Modulation of Kv7 channels has been proposed to provide beneficial effects in a number of lung conditions. Therefore, Kv7 channel openers/enhancers or drugs acting partly through these channels have been proposed as bronchodilators, expectorants, antitussives, chemotherapeutics and pulmonary vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Mondejar-Parreño
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
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35
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Cellular signalling pathways mediating the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases: an update. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:795-817. [PMID: 32189104 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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36
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Dye BR, Youngblood RL, Oakes RS, Kasputis T, Clough DW, Spence JR, Shea LD. Human lung organoids develop into adult airway-like structures directed by physico-chemical biomaterial properties. Biomaterials 2020; 234:119757. [PMID: 31951973 PMCID: PMC6996062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) often represent early stages of fetal development, but mature at the molecular and structural level when transplanted into immunocompromised mice. hPSC-derived lung organoids (HLOs) transplantation has been further enhanced with biomaterial scaffolds, where HLOs had improved tissue structure and cellular differentiation. Here, our goal was to define the physico-chemical biomaterial properties that maximally enhanced transplant efficiency, including features such as the polymer type, degradation, and pore interconnectivity of the scaffolds. We found that transplantation of HLOs on microporous scaffolds formed from poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel scaffolds inhibit growth and maturation, and the transplanted HLOs possessed mostly immature lung progenitors. On the other hand, HLOs transplanted on poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffolds or polycaprolactone (PCL) led to tube-like structures that resembled both the structure and cellular diversity of an adult airway. Our data suggests that scaffold pore interconnectivity and polymer degradation contributed to the maturation, and we found that the size of the airway structures and the total size of the transplanted tissue was influenced by the material degradation rate. Collectively, these biomaterial platforms provide a set of tools to promote maturation of the tissues and to control the size and structure of the organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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37
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Ha D, McKee S. A differential comes up short in a patient with shortness of breath. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 30:101089. [PMID: 32461883 PMCID: PMC7243184 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), in spite of sharing common features such as airway inflammation, airflow obstruction, and mucus hypersecretion, differ significantly from each other. We report a case of ABPA that was unsuccessfully treated as a COPD exacerbation. The history of non-exertional progressive dyspnea, absence of a symptom-free interval, and hemoptysis combined with a minimal, distant smoking history and prior employment at a fertilizer plant favor a diagnosis other than COPD exacerbation. The patient's disease progression and delay in diagnosis testify to the sway of cognitive biases. This case serves as a reminder that generating a thorough differential diagnosis early in a patient's care prevents misdiagnoses and hastens the initiation of definitive therapy.
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38
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Garcia GL, Valenzuela A, Manzoni T, Vaughan AE, López CB. Distinct Chronic Post-Viral Lung Diseases upon Infection with Influenza or Parainfluenza Viruses Differentially Impact Superinfection Outcome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 190:543-553. [PMID: 31866346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma remain prevalent human lung diseases. Variability in epithelial and inflammatory components that results in pathologic heterogeneity complicates the development of treatments for these diseases. Early childhood infection with parainfluenza virus or respiratory syncytial virus is strongly associated with the development of asthma and COPD later in life, and exacerbations of these diseases correlate with the presence of viral RNA in the lung. Well-characterized animal models of postviral chronic lung diseases are necessary to study the underlying mechanisms of viral-related COPD and asthma and to develop appropriate therapies. In this study, we cross-analyzed chronic lung disease caused by infection with Sendai virus (SeV) or influenza A virus in mice. Differences were observed in lesion composition and inflammatory profiles between SeV- and influenza A virus-induced long-term lung disease. In addition, a primary SeV infection led to worsened pathologic findings on secondary heterologous viral challenge, whereas the reversed infection scheme protected against disease in response to a secondary viral challenge >1 month after the primary infection. These data demonstrate the differential effect of primary viral infections in the susceptibility to disease exacerbation in response to a different secondary viral infection and highlight the usefulness of these viral models as tools to understand the underlying mechanisms that mediate distinct chronic postviral lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyon L Garcia
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Valenzuela
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tomaz Manzoni
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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39
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Swahn H, Sabith Ebron J, Lamar K, Yin S, Kerschner JL, NandyMazumdar M, Coppola C, Mendenhall EM, Leir S, Harris A. Coordinate regulation of ELF5 and EHF at the chr11p13 CF modifier region. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7726-7740. [PMID: 31557407 PMCID: PMC6815777 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
E74-like factor 5 (ELF5) and ETS-homologous factor (EHF) are epithelial selective ETS family transcription factors (TFs) encoded by genes at chr11p13, a region associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease severity. EHF controls many key processes in lung epithelial function so its regulatory mechanisms are important. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we removed three key cis-regulatory elements (CREs) from the chr11p13 region and also activated multiple open chromatin sites with CRISPRa in airway epithelial cells. Deletion of the CREs caused subtle changes in chromatin architecture and site-specific increases in EHF and ELF5. CRISPRa had most effect on ELF5 transcription. ELF5 levels are low in airway cells but higher in LNCaP (prostate) and T47D (breast) cancer cells. ATAC-seq in these lines revealed novel peaks of open chromatin at the 5' end of chr11p13 associated with an expressed ELF5 gene. Furthermore, 4C-seq assays identified direct interactions between the active ELF5 promoter and sites within the EHF locus, suggesting coordinate regulation between these TFs. ChIP-seq for ELF5 in T47D cells revealed ELF5 occupancy within EHF introns 1 and 6, and siRNA-mediated depletion of ELF5 enhanced EHF expression. These results define a new role for ELF5 in lung epithelial biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Swahn
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Jey Sabith Ebron
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Kay‐Marie Lamar
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Shiyi Yin
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Jenny L. Kerschner
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Monali NandyMazumdar
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Candice Coppola
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleALUSA
| | - Eric M. Mendenhall
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alabama in HuntsvilleHuntsvilleALUSA
| | - Shih‐Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
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40
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Risk of obstructive pulmonary diseases and occupational exposure to pesticides: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2019; 174:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Nambiar S, Bong How S, Gummer J, Trengove R, Moodley Y. Metabolomics in chronic lung diseases. Respirology 2019; 25:139-148. [PMID: 30907495 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases represent a significant global burden. Their increasing incidence and complexity render a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and personalized approach to each patient, critically important. Most recently, unique biochemical pathways and disease markers have been identified through large-scale metabolomic studies. Metabolomics is the study of metabolic pathways and the measurement of unique biomolecules in a living system. Analysing samples from different compartments such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma has proven useful for the characterization of a number of pathological conditions and offers promise as a clinical tool. For example, several studies using mass spectrometry (MS) have shown alterations in the sphingolipid metabolism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) sufferers. In this article, we present a practical review of the application of metabolomics to the study of chronic lung diseases (CLD): COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and asthma. The insights, which the analytical strategies employed in metabolomics, have provided to the dissection of the biochemistry of CLD and future clinical biomarkers are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabarinath Nambiar
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sze Bong How
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Joel Gummer
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Trengove
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Yuben Moodley
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute of Respiratory Health, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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42
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Torres P, Ferreira J, Monteiro A, Costa S, Pereira MC, Madureira J, Mendes A, Teixeira JP. Air pollution: A public health approach for Portugal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1041-1053. [PMID: 30189521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At the global level, several epidemiological studies have conclusively pointed out the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution and acute health effects, and long-term exposure with adverse health effects such as premature mortality from severe respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This study intended to characterize exposures and their adverse health effects. Three independent sets of vectors were analyzed on a nationwide level and annual basis: air pollutant emissions, ambient air concentrations and health indicators of the period 2009 to 2015. The emissions analysis, for the studied pollutants, pointed out the main findings: (i) Lisbon Metropolitan Area presents the most problematic region with regard to the emissions of all the pollutants under study; (ii) the regions of the Alentejo and Algarve showed reduced emissions of the studied pollutants compared to other parts of the country; (iii) Northern regions PM10 concentrations decreased during the two years in analysis. Regarding the analysis of air quality, it was concluded that: (i) regarding ozone, concentration shown a decreasing trend throughout the country; (ii) nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, concentrations demonstrated an increasing trend in most of the northern part of the country; (iii) the regions of Alentejo and Lisbon Metropolitan Area showed increasing trends for sulfur dioxide and fine particles for the evaluated period. Decreasing trends in mortality associated with cardiovascular and respiratory causes are found mainly in the Alentejo and Algarve regions. In comparison, the North, Central regions, as well as, Lisbon Metropolitan Area exhibited higher mortality values related to this health indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Torres
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira
- CESAM & Dept of Environment and Planning (CESAM), Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Monteiro
- CESAM & Dept of Environment and Planning (CESAM), Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Solange Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendes
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
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43
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Cordova-Rivera L, Gibson PG, Gardiner PA, McDonald VM. Physical activity associates with disease characteristics of severe asthma, bronchiectasis and COPD. Respirology 2018; 24:352-360. [PMID: 30384396 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) in obstructive airway diseases (OAD) is likely to be impaired but this has not been extensively studied outside of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We describe PA levels in severe asthma and bronchiectasis compared to moderate-severe COPD and to controls, and tested the cross-sectional associations of PA (steps/day) with shared disease characteristics in the OAD group. METHODS Adults with OAD (severe asthma = 62, COPD = 67, bronchiectasis = 60) and controls (n = 63) underwent a multidimensional assessment, including device-measured PA levels. RESULTS The OAD group included 189 participants (58.7% females), with median (interquartile range) age of 67 (58-72) years and mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1 ) % predicted of 69.4%. Demographic characteristics differed between groups. Compared to controls (52.4% females, aged 55 (34-64) years, median 7640 steps/day), those with severe asthma, bronchiectasis and COPD accumulated less steps/day: median difference of -2255, -2289, and -4782, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). Compared to COPD, severe asthma and bronchiectasis participants accumulated more steps/day: median difference of 2375 and 2341, respectively (P ≤ 0.001). No significant differences were found between the severe asthma and bronchiectasis group. Exercise capacity, FEV1 % predicted, dyspnoea and systemic inflammation differed between groups, but were each significantly associated with steps/day in OAD. In the multivariable model adjusted for all disease characteristics, exercise capacity and FEV1 % predicted remained significantly associated. CONCLUSION PA impairment is common in OAD. The activity level was associated with shared characteristics of these diseases. Interventions to improve PA should be multifactorial and consider the level of impairment and the associated characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cordova-Rivera
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter G Gibson
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Gardiner
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa M McDonald
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Excellence in Severe Asthma, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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44
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Aghasafari P, George U, Pidaparti R. A review of inflammatory mechanism in airway diseases. Inflamm Res 2018; 68:59-74. [PMID: 30306206 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation in the lung is the body's natural response to injury. It acts to remove harmful stimuli such as pathogens, irritants, and damaged cells and initiate the healing process. Acute and chronic pulmonary inflammation are seen in different respiratory diseases such as; acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis (CF). FINDINGS In this review, we found that inflammatory response in COPD is determined by the activation of epithelial cells and macrophages in the respiratory tract. Epithelial cells and macrophages discharge transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which trigger fibroblast proliferation and tissue remodeling. Asthma leads to airway hyper-responsiveness, obstruction, mucus hyper-production, and airway-wall remodeling. Cytokines, allergens, chemokines, and infectious agents are the main stimuli that activate signaling pathways in epithelial cells in asthma. Mutation of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene results in CF. Mutations in CFTR influence the lung epithelial innate immune function that leads to exaggerated and ineffective airway inflammation that fails to abolish pulmonary pathogens. We present mechanistic computational models (based on ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations and agent-based models) that have been applied in studying the complex physiological and pathological mechanisms of chronic inflammation in different airway diseases. CONCLUSION The scope of the present review is to explore the inflammatory mechanism in airway diseases and highlight the influence of aging on airways' inflammation mechanism. The main goal of this review is to encourage research collaborations between experimentalist and modelers to promote our understanding of the physiological and pathological mechanisms that control inflammation in different airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uduak George
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Cypel YS, Hines SE, Davey VJ, Eber SM, Schneiderman AI. Self-reported physician-diagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and spirometry patterns in Vietnam Era US Army Chemical Corps veterans: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:802-814. [PMID: 30159906 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and herbicide exposure in Vietnam War veterans is limited. METHODS Survey data were collected from 3193 US Army Chemical Corps veterans on herbicide exposure and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD. Three spirometric patterns were used to define airflow obstruction (AFO): (i) FEV1 /FVC < 70% ("fixed ratio"); (ii) FEV1 /FVC < lower limit of normal ("LLN"); and (iii) (FEV1 /FVC < LLN and FVC ≥ LLN and FEV1 <LLN) or (FEV1 /FVC<LLN and FEV1 ≥ LLN) ("specific obstruction"). Associations between herbicide exposure and self-reported COPD and spirometric-AFO were determined using regression. RESULTS COPD prevalence varied (self-reports: 20.1%; spirometry: 29.8%, 12.9%, 8.4% by fixed ratio, LLN, and specific obstruction definitions, respectively). Spirometric parameters did not differ by exposure. Self-reported COPD and herbicide exposure were significantly associated (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.82, 95% confidence intervaI: 1.48,2.24). No association was found between spirometric-AFO and herbicide exposure. CONCLUSIONS A significant association was found between herbicide exposure and self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD but not when COPD diagnosis was based on spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin S. Cypel
- Epidemiology Program; Post Deployment Health Services (10P4Q); Office of Patient Care Services; Department of Veterans Affairs; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Stella E. Hines
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland-Baltimore; Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Baltimore Maryland
| | - Victoria J. Davey
- Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration; Department of Veterans Affairs; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Stephanie M. Eber
- Epidemiology Program; Post Deployment Health Services (10P4Q); Office of Patient Care Services; Department of Veterans Affairs; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Aaron I. Schneiderman
- Epidemiology Program; Post Deployment Health Services (10P4Q); Office of Patient Care Services; Department of Veterans Affairs; Washington District of Columbia
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Guo H, Chen M. Short-term effect of air pollution on asthma patient visits in Shanghai area and assessment of economic costs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:184-189. [PMID: 29883872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Shanghai, in China, is one of the highest incidence cities for asthma morbidity. However, few studies have systemically explored the association of ambient air pollutants and asthma patients with economic costs. OBJECTIVES The study researched the link of short-term ambient air pollutants exposure and asthma patients in Shanghai. Furthermore, the economic cost was also assessed. METHODS We applied the generalized addictive model (GAM) to analyze the association between ambient air pollutants and asthma patients with economic costs assessment. RESULTS We investigated a total of 7200 asthma patient visits (inhabitant in Shanghai). A 10 µg m-3 increase in the current day concentrations of SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5 corresponded to increase of 3.79% [95% CI: 0.84%, 6.83%], 0.27% [95% CI: 0.14%, 0.40%], 0.63% [95% CI: - 0.81%, 2.10%], 1.11% [95% CI: 0.38%, 1.85%], 0.23% [95% CI: 0.31%, 078%] and 1.27% [95% CI: 0.29%, 2.26%] in daily asthma patient visits. In economic cost level, the economic cost of asthma patients were attributed to ambient air pollutants (SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5) with 197 million USD losses per year. Among, the economic cost of asthma patient visits were attributed to SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5 with 101.30, 7.46, 17.15, 30.18, 6.39 and 34.50 million USD loss per year, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to SO2, CO, NO2, PM10, O3 and PM2.5 were linked to asthma patient visits increase in Shanghai areas. The economic cost of asthma patient visits were attributed to ambient air pollutants (SO2, CO, O3, PM10, NO2 and PM2.5) with 197 million USD losses per year. The study strengthen our fundamental comprehending of impacts of ambient air pollutants on human health and economy burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Minxuan Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Maniar K, Singh V, Moideen A, Bhattacharyya R, Chakrabarti A, Banerjee D. Inhalational supplementation of metformin butyrate: A strategy for prevention and cure of various pulmonary disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:495-506. [PMID: 30114633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of chronic lung diseases such as cancer, asthma, COPD and pulmonary hypertension remains unsatisfactory till date, and several strategies are being tried to control the same. Metformin, a popular anti-diabetic drug has shown promising effects in pre-clinical studies and has been subject to several trials in patients with debilitating pulmonary diseases. However, the clinical evidence for the use of metformin in these conditions is disappointing. Recent observations suggest that metformin use in diabetic patients is associated with an increase in butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut microbiome. Butyrate, similar to metformin, shows beneficial effects in pathological conditions found in pulmonary diseases. Further, the pharmacokinetic data of metformin suggests that metformin is predominantly concentrated in the gut, even after absorption. Butyrate, on the other hand, has a short half-life and thus oral supplementation of butyrate and metformin is unlikely to result in high concentrations of these drugs in the lung. In this paper, we review the pre-clinical studies of metformin and butyrate pertaining to pathologies commonly encountered in chronic lung diseases and underscore the need to administer these drugs directly to the lung via the inhalational route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Maniar
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Vandana Singh
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Amal Moideen
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Rajasri Bhattacharyya
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Amitava Chakrabarti
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Dibyajyoti Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India.
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Patil TS, Deshpande AS. Nanostructured lipid carriers-based drug delivery for treating various lung diseases: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:209-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bradbury P, Traini D, Ammit AJ, Young PM, Ong HX. Repurposing of statins via inhalation to treat lung inflammatory conditions. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 133:93-106. [PMID: 29890243 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite many therapeutic advancements over the past decade, the continued rise in chronic inflammatory lung diseases incidence has driven the need to identify and develop new therapeutic strategies, with superior efficacy to treat these diseases. Statins are one class of drug that could potentially be repurposed as an alternative treatment for chronic lung diseases. They are currently used to treat hypercholesterolemia by inhibiting the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, that catalyses the rate limiting step in the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway, a key intermediate in cholesterol metabolism. Recent research has identified statins to have other protective pleiotropic properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, muco-inhibitory effects that may be beneficial for the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung diseases. However, clinical studies have yielded conflicting results. This review will summarise some of the current evidences for statins pleiotropic effects that could be applied for the treatment of chronic inflammatory lung diseases, their mechanisms of actions, and the potential to repurpose statins as an inhaled therapy, including a detailed discussion on their different physical-chemical properties and how these characteristics could ultimately affect treatment efficacies. The repurposing of statins from conventional anti-cholesterol oral therapy to inhaled anti-inflammatory formulation is promising, as it provides direct delivery to the airways, reduced risk of side effects, increased bioavailability and tailored physical-chemical properties for enhanced efficacy.
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Kadri L, Ferru-Clément R, Bacle A, Payet LA, Cantereau A, Hélye R, Becq F, Jayle C, Vandebrouck C, Ferreira T. Modulation of cellular membrane properties as a potential therapeutic strategy to counter lipointoxication in obstructive pulmonary diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3069-3084. [PMID: 29960042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining the equilibrium between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids within membrane phospholipids (PLs) is crucial to sustain the optimal membrane biophysical properties, compatible with selective organelle-based processes. Lipointoxication is a pathological condition under which saturated PLs tend to accumulate within the cell at the expense of unsaturated species, with major impacts on organelle function. Here, we show that human bronchial epithelial cells extracted from lungs of patients with Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (OPDs), i. e. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) individuals and Smokers, display a characteristic lipointoxication signature, with excessive amounts of saturated PLs. Reconstitution of this signature in cellulo and in silico revealed that such an imbalance results in altered membrane properties and in a dramatic disorganization of the intracellular network of bronchial epithelial cells, in a process which can account for several OPD traits. Such features include Endoplasmic Reticulum-stress, constitutive IL8 secretion, bronchoconstriction and, ultimately, epithelial cell death by apoptosis. We also demonstrate that a recently-identified lipid-like molecule, which has been shown to behave as a "membrane-reshaper", counters all the lipointoxication hallmarks tested. Altogether, these insights highlight the modulation of membrane properties as a potential new strategy to heal and prevent highly detrimental symptoms associated with OPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linette Kadri
- Laboratoire Coopératif "Lipotoxicity and Channelopathies - ConicMeds", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Romain Ferru-Clément
- Laboratoire Coopératif "Lipotoxicity and Channelopathies - ConicMeds", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Amélie Bacle
- Laboratoire Coopératif "Lipotoxicity and Channelopathies - ConicMeds", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Laurie-Anne Payet
- Laboratoire "Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Anne Cantereau
- Laboratoire "Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Reynald Hélye
- Laboratoire Coopératif "Lipotoxicity and Channelopathies - ConicMeds", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Becq
- Laboratoire "Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Christophe Jayle
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiothoracique, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Clarisse Vandebrouck
- Laboratoire "Signalisation et Transports Ioniques Membranaires (STIM)", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France
| | - Thierry Ferreira
- Laboratoire Coopératif "Lipotoxicity and Channelopathies - ConicMeds", Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Poitiers, France.
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