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阎 腾, 胥 嘉, 陈 田, 杨 鑫, 王 伟, 周 淑, 牛 丕, 贾 光, 夏 交. [Effects of PM 2.5 and O 3 sub-chronic combined exposure on ATP amount and ATPase activities in rat nasal mucosa]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2024; 56:687-692. [PMID: 39041566 PMCID: PMC11284455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of fine particle matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) combined exposure on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) amount and ATPase activities in nasal mucosa of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS Twenty male SD rats were divided into control group (n=10) and exposure group (n=10) by random number table method. The rats were fed in the conventional clean environment and the air pollutant exposure system established by our team, respectively, and exposed for 208 d. During the exposure period, the concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 in the exposure system were monitored, and a comprehensive assessment of PM2.5 and O3 in the exposure system was conducted by combining self-measurement and site data. On the 208 d of exposure, the core, liver, spleen, kidney, testis and other major organs and nasal mucosal tissues of the rats were harvested. Each organ was weighed and the organ coefficient calculated. The total amount of ATP was measured by bioluminescence, and the activities of Na+-K+ -ATPase and Ca2+ -ATPase were detected by spectrophotometry. The t test of two independent samples was used to compare the differences among the indicator groups. RESULTS From the 3rd week to the end of exposure duration, the body weight of the rats in the exposure group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in organ coefficients between the two groups. The average daily PM2.5 concentration in the exposure group was (30.68±19.23) μg/m3, and the maximum 8 h ozone concentration (O3-8 h) was (82.45±35.81) μg/m3. The chemiluminescence value (792.4±274.1) IU/L of ATP in nasal mucosa of the rats in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group (1 126.8±218.1) IU/L. The Na+-K+-ATPase activity (1.53±0.85) U/mg in nasal mucosa of the rats in the exposure group was lower than that in the control group (4.31±1.60) U/mg (P < 0.05). The protein content of nasal mucosa in the control group and the exposure group were (302.14±52.51) mg/L and (234.58±53.49) mg/L, respectively, and the activity of Ca2+-ATPase was (0.81±0.27) U/mg and (0.99±0.73) U/mg, respectively. There was no significant difference between the groups. CONCLUSION The ability of power capacity decreased in the rat nasal mucossa under the sub-chronic low-concentration exposure of PM2.5 and O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- 腾龙 阎
- 北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
- 北京市职业病防治研究院,北京 100093Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100093, China
| | - 嘉钰 胥
- 北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 田 陈
- 首都医科大学公共卫生学院,首都医科大学环境毒理学北京市重点实验室,北京 100069School of Public Health and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - 鑫 杨
- 首都医科大学公共卫生学院,首都医科大学环境毒理学北京市重点实验室,北京 100069School of Public Health and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - 伟伟 王
- 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,北京 100050Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - 淑佩 周
- 北京大学医学部实验动物科学部,北京 100191Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 丕业 牛
- 首都医科大学公共卫生学院,首都医科大学环境毒理学北京市重点实验室,北京 100069School of Public Health and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - 光 贾
- 北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 交 夏
- 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科,北京 100050Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Niemeier-Walsh C, Ryan PH, Meller J, Ollberding NJ, Adhikari A, Reponen T. Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244341. [PMID: 34166366 PMCID: PMC8224880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown. METHODS Forty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum. RESULTS We observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother's education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. These results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Niemeier-Walsh
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Patrick H. Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jaroslaw Meller
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Ollberding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Atin Adhikari
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
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Guttenberg MA, Vose AT, Tighe RM. Role of Innate Immune System in Environmental Lung Diseases. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2021; 21:34. [PMID: 33970346 PMCID: PMC8311569 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-021-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The lung mucosa functions as a principal barrier between the body and inhaled environmental irritants and pathogens. Precise and targeted surveillance mechanisms are required at this lung-environment interface to maintain homeostasis and preserve gas exchange. This is performed by the innate immune system, a germline-encoded system that regulates initial responses to foreign irritants and pathogens. Environmental pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), and other products of combustion (NO2, SO3, etc.), both stimulate and disrupt the function of the innate immune system of the lung, leading to the potential for pathologic consequences. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to explore recent discoveries and investigations into the role of the innate immune system in responding to environmental exposures. This focuses on mechanisms by which the normal function of the innate immune system is modified by environmental agents leading to disruptions in respiratory function. RECENT FINDINGS: This is a narrative review of mechanisms of pulmonary innate immunity and the impact of environmental exposures on these responses. Recent findings highlighted in this review are categorized by specific components of innate immunity including epithelial function, macrophages, pattern recognition receptors, and the microbiome. Overall, the review supports broad impacts of environmental exposures to alterations to normal innate immune functions and has important implications for incidence and exacerbations of lung disease. The innate immune system plays a critical role in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis in response to inhaled air pollutants. As many of these agents are unable to be mitigated, understanding their mechanistic impact is critical to develop future interventions to limit their pathologic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert M. Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC,Corresponding Author: Robert M Tighe, MD, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2969, Durham, North Carolina 27710, Telephone: 919-684-4894, Fax: 919-684-5266,
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Pulmonary Effects Due to Physical Exercise in Polluted Air: Evidence from Studies Conducted on Healthy Humans. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11072890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has caused serious effects on the health of the population, having an impact on the quality of life and the cost of healthcare for many countries. This has motivated government and private institutions to promote regular physical activity, which, paradoxically, can involve health risks when it is carried out in areas with poor air quality. This review collects information from studies conducted on healthy humans related to the pulmonary effects caused by the practice of physical activity when there is poor air quality. In addition, several challenges related to the technological and educational areas, as well as to applied and basic research, have been identified to facilitate the rational practice of exercise in poor air quality conditions.
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Hachem M, Loizeau M, Saleh N, Momas I, Bensefa-Colas L. Short-term association of in-vehicle ultrafine particles and black carbon concentrations with respiratory health in Parisian taxi drivers. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106346. [PMID: 33388565 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional drivers are exposed inside their vehicles to high levels of air pollutants due to the considerable time they spend close to motor vehicle emissions. Little is known about ultrafine particles (UFP) or black carbon (BC) adverse respiratory health effects compared to the regulated pollutants. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the short-term associations between UFP and BC concentrations inside vehicles and (1) the onset of mucosal irritation and (2) the acute changes in lung function of Parisian taxi drivers during a working day. METHODS An epidemiological study was carried out on 50 taxi drivers in Paris. UFP and BC were measured inside their vehicles with DiSCmini® and microAeth®, respectively. On the same day, the frequency and the severity of nose, eye, and throat irritations were self-reported by each participant and a spirometry test was performed before and after the work shift. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the associations between in-taxis UFP and BC concentrations and mucosal irritation and lung function, after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS In-taxis UFP concentrations ranged from 17.9 to 37.9 × 103 particles/cm3 and BC concentrations from 2.2 to 3.9 μg/m3, during a mean of 9 ± 2 working hours. Significant dose-response relationships were observed between in-taxis UFP concentrations and both nasal irritation and lung function. The increase of in-taxis UFP (for an interquartile range of 20 × 103 particles/cm3) was associated to an increase in nasal irritation (adjusted OR = 6.27 [95% CI: 1.02 to 38.62]) and to a reduction in forced expiratory flow at 25-75% by -7.44% [95% CI: -12.63 to -2.24], forced expiratory volume in one second by -4.46% [95% CI: -6.99 to -1.93] and forced vital capacity by -3.31% [95% CI: -5.82 to -0.80]. Such associations were not found with BC. Incident throat and eye irritations were not related to in-vehicle particles exposure; however, they were associated with outdoor air quality (estimated by the Atmo index) and in-vehicle humidity, respectively. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our study is the first to show a significant association, within a short-period of time, between in and vehicle UFP exposure and acute respiratory effects in professional drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hachem
- Paris University, CRESS - INSERM UMR_1153, INRAE, HERA team, Paris, France; Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, CERIPH, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Maxime Loizeau
- Paris University, CRESS - INSERM UMR_1153, INRAE, HERA team, Paris, France; Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, APHP. Centre - Paris University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Saleh
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health, Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, CERIPH, Fanar, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Faculty of Public Health II, INSPECT-LB, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Isabelle Momas
- Paris University, CRESS - INSERM UMR_1153, INRAE, HERA team, Paris, France.
| | - Lynda Bensefa-Colas
- Paris University, CRESS - INSERM UMR_1153, INRAE, HERA team, Paris, France; Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, APHP. Centre - Paris University, Department of Occupational and Environmental Diseases, Paris, France
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Molinari G, Molinari L, Nervo E. Environmental and Endogenous Acids Can Trigger Allergic-Type Airway Reactions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4688. [PMID: 32610702 PMCID: PMC7370125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory allergic and nonallergic respiratory disorders are spreading worldwide and often coexist. The root cause is not clear. This review demonstrates that, from a biochemical point of view, it is ascribable to protons (H+) released into cells by exogenous and endogenous acids. The hypothesis of acids as the common cause stems from two considerations: (a) it has long been known that exogenous acids present in air pollutants can induce the irritation of epithelial surfaces, particularly the airways, inflammation, and bronchospasm; (b) according to recent articles, endogenous acids, generated in cells by phospholipases, play a key role in the biochemical mechanisms of initiation and progression of allergic-type reactions. Therefore, the intracellular acidification and consequent Ca2+ increase, induced by protons generated by either acid pollutants or endogenous phospholipases, may constitute the basic mechanism of the multimorbidity of these disorders, and environmental acidity may contribute to their spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Molinari
- Studio Tecnico Ing. Laura Molinari, Environmental Health and Safety Via Quarto Ponte 17, 37138 Verona, Italy;
| | - Laura Molinari
- Studio Tecnico Ing. Laura Molinari, Environmental Health and Safety Via Quarto Ponte 17, 37138 Verona, Italy;
| | - Elsa Nervo
- Elsa Nervo, Società Chimica Italiana, 00198 Rome, Italy;
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Brucker N, do Nascimento SN, Bernardini L, Charão MF, Garcia SC. Biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility in occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:722-736. [PMID: 31960485 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a well-recognized association between environmental air pollution exposure and several human diseases. However, the relationship between diseases related to occupational air pollution exposure on roads and high levels of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) is less substantiated. Biomarkers are essential tools in environmental and occupational toxicology, and studies on new biomarkers are increasingly relevant due to the need to determine early biomarkers to be assessed in exposure conditions. This review aimed to investigate the main advances in the biomonitoring of subjects occupationally exposed to air pollution, as well as to summarize the biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. Furthermore, we discuss how biomarkers could be used to complement the current application of methods used to assess occupational exposures to xenobiotics present in air pollution. The databases used in the preparation of this review were PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. Considering the significant deleterious effects on health associated with chronic occupational exposure to xenobiotics, this topic deserves attention. As it is difficult to avoid occupational exposure to TRAPs, biomonitoring should be applied as a strategy to reduce the toxic effects of workplace exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Brucker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Nunes do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Bernardini
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariele Feiffer Charão
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Carvalho RB, Carneiro MFH, Barbosa F, Batista BL, Simonetti J, Amantéa SL, Rhoden CR. The impact of occupational exposure to traffic-related air pollution among professional motorcyclists from Porto Alegre, Brazil, and its association with genetic and oxidative damage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18620-18631. [PMID: 29704180 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vehicles play an important role in modern life; however, they also generate hazards. Occupational exposed subjects are in long-term contact with harmful products, which sets these professionals in a susceptible group to air pollutant damage. The aims of this study were to quantify individual exposure to pollutant gases and chemical elements and to evaluate oxidative and genetic damage in professional motorcyclists and office workers. We recruited professional motorcyclists and office workers from Porto Alegre, Brazil, between January and December 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was assessed by passive monitoring. Fingernail trace elements were determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified spectrophotometrically, and genotoxicity was evaluated by micronuclei assay. Individual exposure to NO2 and O3, trace element content (Sb, Pt, As, Cd, V, Mn, and Co), oxidative stress factors, and genetic damage were statistically higher in professional motorcyclists (p < 0.05). Moreover, NO2 and O3 levels showed very strong positive correlation with plasmatic lipid peroxidation (p < 0.001 and r = 0.8849 and 0.8995) and strong positive correlation with micronuclei frequency (p < 0.001 and r = 0.7683 and 0.7280). Results suggest that professional motorcyclists are at high risk due to long-term air pollution exposure, which implies in the onset of several harmful effects and worsening of pre-existent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseana Böek Carvalho
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Maria Fernanda Hornos Carneiro
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metals Essentiality, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Metals Essentiality, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo University (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Júlia Simonetti
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sergio Luis Amantéa
- Santo Antônio Hospital, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Pollution, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UCSPA), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Alves AGF, de Azevedo Giacomin MF, Braga ALF, Sallum AME, Pereira LAA, Farhat LC, Strufaldi FL, de Faria Coimbra Lichtenfels AJ, de Santana Carvalho T, Nakagawa NK, Silva CA, Farhat SCL. Influence of air pollution on airway inflammation and disease activity in childhood-systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:683-690. [PMID: 29098476 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particles may trigger pulmonary inflammation/systemic inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between daily individual exposure to air pollutants and airway inflammation and disease activity in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients. A longitudinal panel study was carried out in 108 consecutive appointments with cSLE patients without respiratory diseases. Over four consecutive weeks, daily individual measures of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ambient temperature, and humidity were obtained. This cycle was repeated every 2.5 months along 1 year, and cytokines of exhaled breath condensate-EBC [interleukins (IL) 6, 8, 17 and tumoral necrose factor-α (TNF-α)], fractional exhaled NO (FeNO), and disease activity parameters were collected weekly. Specific generalized estimation equation models were used to assess the impact of these pollutants on the risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) ≥ 8, EBC cytokines, and FeNO, considering the fixed effects for repetitive measurements. The models were adjusted for inflammatory indicators, body mass index, infections, medication, and weather variables. An IQR increase in PM2.5 4-day moving average (18.12 μg/m3) was associated with an increase of 0.05 pg/ml (95% CI 0.01; 0.09, p = 0.03) and 0.04 pg/ml (95% CI 0.02; 0.06, p = 0.01) in IL-17 and TNF-α EBC levels, respectively. Additionally, a short-term effect on FeNO was observed: the PM2.5 3-day moving average was associated with a 0.75 ppb increase (95% CI 0.38; 1.29, p = 0.03) in FeNO. Also, an increase of 1.47 (95% CI 1.10; 1.84) in the risk of SLEDAI-2K ≥ 8 was associated with PM2.5 7-day moving average. Exposure to inhalable fine particles increases airway inflammation/pulmonary and then systemic inflammation in cSLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Guariento Ferreira Alves
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda de Azevedo Giacomin
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alfésio Luis Ferreira Braga
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Universidade Catolica de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maluf Elias Sallum
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, Universidade Catolica de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Farhat
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Louzada Strufaldi
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia de Faria Coimbra Lichtenfels
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tômas de Santana Carvalho
- Department of Physiotherapy, Communication Science and Disorders, Occupational Therapy, LIM 34, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Naomi Kondo Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Communication Science and Disorders, Occupational Therapy, LIM 34, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Costa Lima Farhat
- Pediatric Department, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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10
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Mbelambela EP, Hirota R, Eitoku M, Muchanga SMJ, Kiyosawa H, Yasumitsu-Lovell K, Lawanga OL, Suganuma N. Occupation exposed to road-traffic emissions and respiratory health among Congolese transit workers, particularly bus conductors, in Kinshasa: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:11. [PMID: 29165103 PMCID: PMC5664439 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Road-traffic emissions (RTE) induce adverse health effects, notably respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases, as a result of pollutants deposited into the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between occupation groups of Congolese transit workers exposed to RTE, particularly bus conductors and respiratory health, in Kinshasa. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2015 April 20th to May 14th, whose participants were bus conductors (n = 110), bus drivers (n = 107), taxi-motorcyclists (n = 102) and high school teachers (control group; n = 106). Subjects had completed the American Thoracic Society respiratory symptom questionnaire. Lung function test was performed by spirometry. Air pollutants levels of PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 were measured between 7:30 and 8:30 and 16:30–17:30 using a portable gas monitor. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the association between occupation exposed to RTE and impaired pulmonary function, after adjustment by plausible confounders. Results The prevalence of mixed syndrome was 21.9% for bus conductors, 10.9% for bus drivers, 15.4% for taxi-motorcyclists and 7.1% for high school teachers with (p < 0.05). The risk of developing a mixed syndrome was seven times higher among bus conductors [OR = 7.64; 95% CI: 1.83–31.67; p < 0.05] than other groups. Additionally, the prevalence of respiratory syndromes increased with the duration of exposure. Conclusions Occupation exposed to RTE is associated with impaired pulmonary function and the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among transit workers, especially bus conductors. Furthermore, this association increases with the duration of exposure suggesting the necessity to regulate these categories of occupations and to apply preventives measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etongola Papy Mbelambela
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Hirota
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Sifa Marie Joelle Muchanga
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hidenori Kiyosawa
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kahoko Yasumitsu-Lovell
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.,Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ontshick Leader Lawanga
- Department of Mathematic, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi University Medical School, Oko-cho Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan
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11
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Oxygen With Cold Bubble Humidification Is No Better Than Dry Oxygen in Preventing Mucus Dehydration, Decreased Mucociliary Clearance, and Decline in Pulmonary Function. Chest 2016; 150:407-14. [PMID: 27048871 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effects of long-term nasal low-flow oxygen (NLFO) on mucus and symptoms and how this variable is affected by dry or cold humidified gas. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dry-NLFO and cold bubble humidified-NLFO on nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC), mucus properties, inflammation, and symptoms in subjects with chronic hypoxemia requiring long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy. METHODS Eighteen subjects (mean age, 68 years; 7 male; 66% with COPD) initiating NLFO were randomized to receive dry-NLFO (n = 10) or humidified-NLFO (n = 8). Subjects were assessed at baseline, 12 h, 7 days, 30 days, 12 months, and 24 months by measuring nasal MCC using the saccharin transit test, mucus contact angle (surface tension), inflammation (cells and cytokine concentration in nasal lavage), and symptoms according to the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20. RESULTS Nasal MCC decreased significantly (40% longer saccharin transit times) and similarly in both groups over the study period. There was a significant association between impaired nasal MCC and decline in lung function. Nasal lavage revealed an increased proportion of macrophages, interleukin-8, and epidermal growth factor concentrations with decreased interleukin-10 during the study. No changes in the proportion of ciliated cells or contact angle were observed. Coughing and sleep symptoms decreased similarly in both groups. There were no outcome differences comparing dry vs cold bubble humidified NLFO. CONCLUSIONS In subjects receiving chronic NLFO, cold bubble humidification does not adequately humidify inspired oxygen to prevent deterioration of MCC, mucus hydration, and pulmonary function. The unheated bubble humidification performed no better than no humidification. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02515786; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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