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Jiang Y, Yusoff NM, Du J, Moses EJ, Lin JT. Current perspectives on mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapeutic strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:760-772. [PMID: 39086561 PMCID: PMC11287429 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i7.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a significant health challenge, characterized by its widespread prevalence, intricate natural progression and multifaceted pathogenesis. Although NAFLD initially presents as benign fat accumulation, it may progress to steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized for their intrinsic self-renewal, superior biocompatibility, and minimal immunogenicity, positioning them as a therapeutic innovation for liver diseases. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the potential roles of MSCs in alleviating the progression of NAFLD by alteration of underlying molecular pathways, including glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis. The insights are expected to provide further understanding of the potential of MSCs in NAFLD therapeutics, and support the development of MSC-based therapy in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- School of Nursing, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Jiang Du
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Jun-Tang Lin
- Stem Cells and Biotherapy Engineering Research Center of Henan, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Stem Cells and Biotherapy, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Stem Cell Medicine, School of Medical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China.
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2
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Tian C, Huang R, Xiang M. SIRT1: Harnessing multiple pathways to hinder NAFLD. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107155. [PMID: 38527697 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is the primary cause of chronic liver disorders, with a high prevalence but no approved treatment. Therefore, it is indispensable to find a trustworthy therapy for NAFLD. Recently, mounting evidence illustrates that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is strongly associated with NAFLD. SIRT1 activation or overexpression attenuate NAFLD, while SIRT1 deficiency aggravates NAFLD. Besides, an array of therapeutic agents, including natural compounds, synthetic compounds, traditional Chinese medicine formula, and stem cell transplantation, alleviates NALFD via SIRT1 activation or upregulation. Mechanically, SIRT1 alleviates NAFLD by reestablishing autophagy, enhancing mitochondrial function, suppressing oxidative stress, and coordinating lipid metabolism, as well as reducing hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of SIRT1 briefly, and summarized the effect of SIRT1 on NAFLD and its mechanism, along with the application of SIRT1 agonists in treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Zhu L, Xu JJ, Li HD, Li JJ, Cheng M, Niu XN, Jia PC, Liu JY, Huang C, Lv XW, Li J. Berberine Ameliorates Abnormal Lipid Metabolism via the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase/Sirtuin 1 Pathway in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100041. [PMID: 36870291 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is an early stage of alcohol-related liver disease characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. To date, to our knowledge, there have been no effective strategies for preventing or treating alcohol-related liver disease besides alcohol abstinence. Berberine (BBR) is the main bioactive ingredient extracted from traditional Chinese medicines, such as Coptis and Scutellaria, which protect liver function and relieve liver steatosis. However, the potential role of BBR in AFLD remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the protective effects of BBR against Gao-binge model-induced AFLD in 6- to 8-week-old C57BL/6J male mice in vivo and ethyl alcohol (EtOH)-induced alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cells in vitro. The results showed that BBR (200 mg/kg) attenuated alcoholic liver injury and suppressed lipid accumulation and metabolism disorders in vivo. Consistently, BBR effectively inhibited the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1C, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2, fatty acid synthase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoenzymeA reductase in EtOH-stimulated AML-12 cells in vitro and promoted the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in EtOH-fed mice and EtOH-treated AML-12 cells. Furthermore, SIRT1 silencing attenuated the hepatic steatosis alleviation potential of BBR treatment. Mechanistically, molecular docking revealed the binding effect of BBR and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). The results of further studies showed that a decrease in AMPK activity was accompanied by a significant inhibition of SIRT1 expression. SIRT1 silencing attenuated the protective effect of BBR, whereas the inhibition of its expression had no apparent effect on AMPK phosphorylation, suggesting that SIRT1 acts downstream of AMPK in AFLD. Collectively, BBR ameliorated abnormal lipid metabolism and alleviated EtOH-induced liver injury via the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in AFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie-Jie Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hai-Di Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Miao Cheng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Ni Niu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Jia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Ramakrishnan SK. Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3167-3192. [PMID: 35578969 PMCID: PMC10074426 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of derivatives of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to molecular damage called oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS generation is tightly regulated in different cells and cellular compartments. Any disturbance in the balance between the cellular generation of ROS and antioxidant balance leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the sources of ROS (endogenous and exogenous) and antioxidant mechanisms. We also focus on the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in various cell types of the liver. Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of various liver diseases. We narrate the master regulators of ROS-mediated signaling and their contribution to liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are influenced by a "multiple parallel-hit model" in which oxidative stress plays a central role. We highlight the recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the spectrum of NAFLD, including fibrosis and liver cancer. Finally, we provide a brief overview of oxidative stress biomarkers and their therapeutic applications in various liver-related disorders. Overall, the article sheds light on the significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3167-3192, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tsai LW, Lu YH, Dubey R, Chiou JF. Reenvisioning Traditional to Regenerative Therapeutic Advances in Managing Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7692447. [PMID: 34805412 PMCID: PMC8601846 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7692447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports indicate the increasing prevalence of liver disorders in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Clinically, it has also been revealed that the existence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) enhances the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), while T2DM exacerbates NAFLD to extremely severe forms of steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This implies the coexistence and bidirectional nature of NAFLD and T2DM, which function synergistically to drive adverse consequences in clinical practice. For treatment of such comorbid state, though the existing practices such as lifestyle management, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), and pharmaceuticals have offered somewhat relief, the debate continues about the optimal therapeutic impacts. Recent developments in the field of tissue engineering have led to a renewed interest in novel biomaterial alternatives such as stem cells. This might be attributable to their differentiation potential towards hepatic and pancreatic lineage. These cellular therapies could be further complemented by platelet-derived biomaterials, TCM formulations, or any specific drug. Based on these abovementioned approaches, we aimed to comprehensively analyze various preclinical and clinical studies from traditional to regenerative therapeutic approaches in managing concomitant NAFLD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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The Interplay between Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Base Excision Repair and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011128. [PMID: 34681787 PMCID: PMC8537238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common chronic liver disorders, affecting mainly people in Western countries, is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Unfortunately, its pathophysiological mechanism is not fully understood, and no dedicated treatment is available. Simple steatosis can lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and even to fibrosis, cancer, and cirrhosis of the liver. NAFLD very often occurs in parallel with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in obese people. Furthermore, it is much more likely to develop in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), whose criteria include abdominal obesity, elevated blood triacylglycerol level, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, increased blood pressure, and high fasting glucose. An important phenomenon in MS is also insulin resistance (IR), which is very common in NAFLD. Liver IR and NAFLD development are linked through an interaction between the accumulation of free fatty acids, hepatic inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. The liver is particularly exposed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species due to a large number of mitochondria in hepatocytes. In these organelles, the main DNA repair pathway is base excision repair (BER). The present article will illustrate how impairment of BER may be related to the development of NAFLD.
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Sirtuin 1: A Dilemma in Transplantation. J Transplant 2020; 2020:9012980. [PMID: 32373350 PMCID: PMC7196964 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9012980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1, a member of sirtuin family of histone deacetylase enzymes, has been implicated in a variety of physiologic and pathologic events, including energy metabolism, cell survival, and age-related alterations. In view of the anti-inflammatory properties of sirtuin 1 along with its protective role in ischemia reperfusion injury, it might be considered as contributing to the promotion of transplantation outcome. However, the potential ability of sirtuin 1 to induce malignancies raises some concerns about its overexpression in clinic. Moreover, despite the findings of sirtuin 1 implication in thymic tolerance induction and T regulatory (Treg) cells survival, there is also evidence for its involvement in Treg suppression and in T helper 17 cells differentiation. The identification of sirtuin 1 natural and synthetic activators leads to the proposal of sirtuin 1 as an eligible target for clinical interventions in transplantation. All positive and negative consequences of sirtuin 1 overactivation/overexpression in the allograft should therefore be studied thoroughly. Herein, we summarize previous findings concerning direct and indirect influences of sirtuin 1 manipulation on transplantation.
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Pathophysiology of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9547613. [PMID: 29991976 PMCID: PMC6016172 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9547613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver steatosis without alcohol consumption, namely, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a common hepatic condition that encompasses a wide spectrum of presentations, ranging from simple accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes without any liver damage to inflammation, necrosis, ballooning, and fibrosis (namely, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) up to severe liver disease and eventually cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology of fatty liver and its progression is influenced by multiple factors (environmental and genetics), in a “multiple parallel-hit model,” in which oxidative stress plays a very likely primary role as the starting point of the hepatic and extrahepatic damage. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive insight on the present researches and findings on the role of oxidative stress mechanisms in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of NAFLD. With this aim, we evaluated the available data in basic science and clinical studies in this field, reviewing the most recent works published on this topic.
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Hossain Z, Valicherla GR, Gupta AP, Syed AA, Riyazuddin M, Chandra S, Siddiqi MI, Gayen JR. Discovery of pancreastatin inhibitor PSTi8 for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes: studies in rodent models of diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8715. [PMID: 29880906 PMCID: PMC5992141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreastatin (PST) is an endogenous peptide which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissues. In type 2 diabetic patients, PST level is high and plays a crucial role in the negative regulation of insulin sensitivity. Novel therapeutic agents are needed to treat the diabetes and insulin resistance (IR) against the PST action. In this regard, we have investigated the PST inhibitor peptide-8 (PSTi8) action against diabetogenic PST. PSTi8 rescued PST-induced IR in HepG2 and 3T3L1 cells. PSTi8 increases the GLUT4 translocation to cell surface to promote glucose uptake in L6-GLUT4myc cells. PSTi8 treatment showed an increase in insulin sensitivity in db/db, high fat and fructose fed streptozotocin (STZ) induced IR mice. PSTi8 improved the glucose homeostasis which is comparable to metformin in diabetic mice, characterized by elevated glucose clearance, enhanced glycogenesis, enhanced glycolysis and reduced gluconeogenesis. PST and PSTi8 both were docked to the GRP78 inhibitor binding site in protein-protein docking, GRP78 expression and its ATPase activity studies. The mechanism of action of PSTi8 may be mediated by activating IRS1/2-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT (FoxO1, Srebp-1c) signaling pathway. The discovery of PSTi8 provides a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of metabolic diseases mainly diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakir Hossain
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Guru R Valicherla
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anand P Gupta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anees A Syed
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammed Riyazuddin
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Sharat Chandra
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mohammad I Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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The effects of olive leaf extract from a Sicilian cultivar in an experimental model of hepatic steatosis. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Hammer SS, Beli E, Kady N, Wang Q, Wood K, Lydic TA, Malek G, Saban DR, Wang XX, Hazra S, Levi M, Busik JV, Grant MB. The Mechanism of Diabetic Retinopathy Pathogenesis Unifying Key Lipid Regulators, Sirtuin 1 and Liver X Receptor. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:181-190. [PMID: 28774737 PMCID: PMC5552206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication secondary to diabetes and is the number one cause of blindness among working age individuals worldwide. Despite recent therapeutic breakthroughs using pharmacotherapy, a cure for DR has yet to be realized. Several clinical trials have highlighted the vital role dyslipidemia plays in the progression of DR. Additionally, it has recently been shown that activation of Liver X receptor (LXRα/LXRβ) prevents DR in diabetic animal models. LXRs are nuclear receptors that play key roles in regulating cholesterol metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. In this manuscript, we show insight into DR pathogenesis by demonstrating an innovative signaling axis that unifies key metabolic regulators, Sirtuin 1 and LXR, in modulating retinal cholesterol metabolism and inflammation in the diabetic retina. Expression of both regulators, Sirtuin 1 and LXR, are significantly decreased in diabetic human retinal samples and in a type 2 diabetic animal model. Additionally, activation of LXR restores reverse cholesterol transport, prevents inflammation, reduces pro-inflammatory macrophages activity and prevents the formation of diabetes-induced acellular capillaries. Taken together, the work presented in this manuscript highlights the important role lipid dysregulation plays in DR progression and offers a novel potential therapeutic target for the treatment of DR. Diabetes affects retinal Liver X Receptor and Sirtuin 1 expression levels. Liver X Receptor normalized reverse cholesterol transport and prevented diabetes-induced inflammation in retinal cells. Liver X Receptor activation reduced the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages and prevented DR-like pathology.
Results of recent clinical trials demonstrate strong association between lipid abnormalities and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the sight-threatening secondary complication of diabetes. This study addresses the role of key metabolic lipid regulators, SIRT1 and LXR in the progression of DR. All the components of SIRT1-LXR axis were downregulated in retinal cells isolated from human donor tissue or a DR animal model. Activation of LXR normalized reverse cholesterol transport, prevented diabetes-induced inflammation, reduced the number of pro-inflammatory macrophages and prevented DR-like pathology, suggesting that control of SIRT1-LXR axis could be a promising therapeutic target for treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Hammer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Eleni Beli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nermin Kady
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kiana Wood
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Goldis Malek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sugata Hazra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Julia V Busik
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
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Ding RB, Bao J, Deng CX. Emerging roles of SIRT1 in fatty liver diseases. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:852-867. [PMID: 28808418 PMCID: PMC5555103 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases, which are commonly associated with high-fat/calorie diet, heavy alcohol consumption and/or other metabolic disorder causes, lead to serious medical concerns worldwide in recent years. It has been demonstrated that metabolic homeostasis disruption is most likely to be responsible for this global epidemic. Sirtuins are a group of conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) dependent histone and/or protein deacetylases belonging to the silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) family. Among seven mammalian sirtuins, sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) is the most extensively studied one and is involved in both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. SIRT1 plays beneficial roles in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, controlling hepatic oxidative stress and mediating hepatic inflammation through deacetylating some transcriptional regulators against the progression of fatty liver diseases. Here we summarize the latest advances of the biological roles of SIRT1 in regulating lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver, and discuss the potential of SIRT1 as a therapeutic target for treating alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Bo Ding
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Jiaolin Bao
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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13
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Gao Q, Wang X, Zhang R, Wang P, Jing Y, Ren W, Zhu B. Comparison of the effect of bone marrow cells infusion through the portal vein and inferior vena cava combined with short-term rapamycin on allogeneic islet grafts in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 7:476-84. [PMID: 27181873 PMCID: PMC4931197 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction The study aimed to compare the impact of allogeneic bone marrow cells (BMCs) infusion through the inferior vena cava (IVC) and portal vein (PV) combined with rapamycin on allogeneic islet grafts in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods Recipient diabetic Wistar rats were infused with islets from Sprague–Dawley rats through the PV. PKH26‐labeled BMCs of Sprague–Dawley rats were infused to recipients through the PV or IVC, followed by administration of rapamycin for 4 days. Blood glucose level was measured to evaluate the survival time of the islets. Lymphocytes separated from blood, BMCs, thymus, liver, spleen and lymph node were analyzed by flow cytometry. The peripheral blood smear, BMCs smear and frozen sections of tissues were observed by a fluorescence microscope. Results The survival time of the islets was significantly prolonged by the BMCs infusion combined with rapamycin. The rats receiving BMCs infusion through the PV induced a significantly longer survival time of the islets, and increased mixed chimeras of allogeneic BMCs in the thymus, liver, spleen and lymph node compared with the rats receiving BMCs infusion through the IVC. The amount of the mixed chimeras on day 14 was lower than that on day 7 after islet transplantation. Furthermore, PV transplantation had significantly more mixed chimera than IVC transplantation in all analyzed organs or tissues. Conclusions BMCs infusion combined with rapamycin prolongs the islets survival and induces mixed chimeras of BMCs. PV infusion of BMCs might be a more effective strategy than IVC infusion of BMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhen Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yongsheng Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wanjun Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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14
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Wan Y, Garner J, Wu N, Phillip L, Han Y, McDaniel K, Annable T, Zhou T, Francis H, Glaser S, Huang Q, Alpini G, Meng F. Role of stem cells during diabetic liver injury. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:195-203. [PMID: 26645107 PMCID: PMC4727564 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most severe endocrine metabolic disorders in the world that has serious medical consequences with substantial impacts on the quality of life. Type 2 diabetes is one of the main causes of diabetic liver diseases with the most common being non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Several factors that may explain the mechanisms related to pathological and functional changes of diabetic liver injury include: insulin resistance, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The realization that these factors are important in hepatocyte damage and lack of donor livers has led to studies concentrating on the role of stem cells (SCs) in the prevention and treatment of liver injury. Possible avenues that the application of SCs may improve liver injury include but are not limited to: the ability to differentiate into pancreatic β-cells (insulin producing cells), the contribution for hepatocyte regeneration, regulation of lipogenesis, glucogenesis and anti-inflammatory actions. Once further studies are performed to explore the underlying protective mechanisms of SCs and the advantages and disadvantages of its application, there will be a greater understand of the mechanism and therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the findings regarding the role of SCs in diabetic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jessica Garner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Nan Wu
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Levine Phillip
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Yuyan Han
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Kelly McDaniel
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Tami Annable
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab for Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Texas A&M University Health Science Center and Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
- Academic Operations, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX, USA
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15
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Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Regulates PPAR's Levels in Stem Cells-Derived Adipocytes. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:7359521. [PMID: 26904104 PMCID: PMC4745343 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7359521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic obesity inhibits activation of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), considered the key mediator of the fully differentiated and insulin sensitive adipocyte phenotype. We examined the effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (Cape), isolated from propolis, a honeybee hive product, on Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) differentiation to the adipocyte lineage. Finally we tested the effects of Cape on insulin-resistant adipocytes. Quantification of Oil Red O-stained cells showed that lipid droplets decreased following Cape treatment as well as radical oxygen species formation. Additionally, exposure of ASC to high glucose levels decreased adiponectin and increased proinflammatory cytokines mRNA levels, which were reversed by Cape-mediated increase of insulin sensitivity. Cape treatment resulted in decreased triglycerides synthesis and increased beta-oxidation. Exposure of ASCs to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced a reduction of PPARγ, an increase of IL-6 levels associated with a well-known stimulation of lipolysis; Cape partially attenuated the LPS-mediated effects. These observations reveal the main role of PPARγ in the adipocyte function and during ASC differentiation. As there is now substantial interest in functional food and nutraceutical products, the observed therapeutic value of Cape in insulin-resistance related diseases should be taken into consideration.
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16
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Li M, Guo K, Taketani S, Adachi Y, Ikehara S. Stem Cell Replacement Improves Expression of SMP30 in db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29971-9. [PMID: 26694363 PMCID: PMC4691160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that replacing bone marrow stem cells may improve hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetic mouse model. Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is an antioxidant protein that decreases with aging. However, it has not been clear whether SMP30 decreases in the livers of obese mice, and whether stem cell replacement would improve SMP30 expression in the liver. Bone marrow stem cells of db/db mice were replaced with the bone marrow stem cells of C57BL/6 mice. Plasma cytokine and insulin levels were measured, and glycogen content, expression of SMP30, and fibrosis in the liver were assessed. Our results showed that stem cell replacement increased the expression of SMP30 in the liver, resulting from decreased plasma inflammation cytokines and hyperinsulinemia in db/db mice. This is the first report that stem cell replacement increased the expression of SMP30 in the liver, and may help prevent fibrosis in the liver of db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka 5731010, Japan.
| | - Kequan Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka 5731010, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Adachi
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Toyooka Hospital, Hyogo 6688501, Japan.
| | - Susumu Ikehara
- Department of Stem Cell Disorders, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka 5731010, Japan.
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