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Sajeeda A, Bhat AM, Gorke S, Wani IA, Sidiqui A, Ahmed Z, Sheikh TA. Naringenin, a flavanone constituent from Sea buckthorn pulp extract, prevents ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation-induced skin damage via alleviation of impaired mitochondrial dynamics mediated inflammation in human dermal fibroblasts and Balb/c mice models. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112944. [PMID: 38796981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation has been reported to cause oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated skin photo-damage. Furthermore, mitochondrial dynamics have been implicated to play a critical role in these processes. For the first time, we describe in this study how UVB-induced aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and inflammation interact in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Our findings demonstrated that UV-B irradiation induced -impairment in mitochondrial dynamics by increasing mitochondrial fragmentation in HDFs. Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics lead to the activation of NFкB and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The current study further aimed to investigate the protective effect of Naringenin (a naturally occurring flavonoid isolated from Sea buckthorn fruit pulp) against UV-B-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and inflammation in HDFs and Balb/c mice. Although Naringenin has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, its effects and mechanisms of action on UVB-induced inflammation remained unclear. We observed that Naringenin restored the UV-B-induced imbalance in mitochondrial fission and fusion in HDFs. It also inhibited the phosphorylation of NFкB and reduced the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Naringenin also alleviated UV-B-induced oxidative stress by scavenging the reactive oxygen species and up-regulating the cellular antioxidant enzymes (Catalase and Nrf2). Topical application of Naringenin to the dorsal skin of Balb/c mice exposed to UV-B radiation prevented mitochondrial fragmentation and progression of inflammatory responses. Naringenin treatment prevented neutrophil infiltration and epidermal thickening in mice's skin. These findings provide an understanding for further research into impaired mitochondrial dynamics as a therapeutic target for UV-B-induced inflammation. Our findings imply that Naringenin could be developed as a therapeutic remedy against UVB-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archoo Sajeeda
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Aalim Maqsood Bhat
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shikha Gorke
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Irfan Ahmad Wani
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Adil Sidiqui
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College (GMC), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tasduq Abdullah Sheikh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi 180001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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2
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Yuan H, Yi N, Li D, Xu C, Yin GR, Zhuang C, Wang YJ, Ni S. PPARγ regulates osteoarthritis chondrocytes apoptosis through caspase-3 dependent mitochondrial pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11237. [PMID: 38755283 PMCID: PMC11099036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62116-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis, characterized by a complex pathogenesis. One of the key factors contributing to its development is the apoptosis of chondrocytes triggered by oxidative stress. Involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) has been reported in the regulation of oxidative stress. However, there remains unclear mechanisms that through which PPARγ influences the pathogenesis of OA. The present study aims to delve into the role of PPARγ in chondrocytes apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in the context of OA. Primary human chondrocytes, both relatively normal and OA, were isolated and cultured for the following study. Various assessments were performed, including measurements of cell proliferation, viability and cytotoxicity. Additionally, we examined cell apoptosis, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome C release. We also evaluated the expression of related genes and proteins, such as collagen type II (Col2a1), aggrecan, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-9, caspase-3 and PPARγ. Compared with relatively normal cartilage, the expression of PPARγ in OA cartilage was down-regulated. The proliferation of OA chondrocytes decreased, accompanied by an increase in the apoptosis rate. Down-regulation of PPARγ expression in OA chondrocytes coincided with an up-regulation of iNOS expression, leading to increased secretion of NO, endogenous ROS production, and decrease of MMP levels. Furthermore, we observed the release of cytochrome C, elevated caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities, and reduction of the components of extracellular matrix (ECM) Col2a1 and aggrecan. Accordingly, utilization of GW1929 (PPARγ Agonists) or Z-DEVD-FMK (caspase-3 inhibitor) can protect chondrocytes from mitochondrial-related apoptosis and alleviate the progression of OA. During the progression of OA, excessive oxidative stress in chondrocytes leads to apoptosis and ECM degradation. Activation of PPARγ can postpone OA by down-regulating caspase-3-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ning Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guang-Rong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhuang
- Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yu-Ji Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Su Ni
- Bone Disease Research and Clinical Rehabilitation Center, Changzhou Medical Center, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
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Zhang W, Wan Z, Qu D, Sun W, Zhang L, Liang Y, Pan L, Jiang H, Ye Z, Wei M, Yuan L, Yang G, Jin F. Profibrogenic macrophage-targeted delivery of mitochondrial protector via exosome formula for alleviating pulmonary fibrosis. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:488-501. [PMID: 37965241 PMCID: PMC10641087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating lung disease with limited treatment options. During this pathological process, the profibrogenic macrophage subpopulation plays a crucial role, making the characterization of this subpopulation fundamentally important. The present study revealed a positive correlation between pulmonary macrophages with higher mitochondrial mass (Mømitohigh) and fibrosis. Among the Mømitohigh subpopulation of CD206+ M2, characterized by higher expression of dynamin 1-like (Drp1), as determined by flow cytometry and RNA-seq analysis, a therapeutic intervention was developed using an exosome-based formula composed of pathfinder and therapeutics. A pathfinder exosome called "exosomeMMP19 (ExoMMP19)", was constructed to display matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP19) on the surface to locally break down the excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in the fibrotic lung. A therapeutic exosome called "exosome therapeutics (ExoTx)", was engineered to display D-mannose on the surface while encapsulating siDrp1 inside. Prior delivery of ExoMMP19 degraded excessive ECM and thus paved the way for ExoTx to be delivered into Mømitohigh, where ExoTx inhibited mitochondrial fission and alleviated PF. This study has not only identified Mømitohigh as profibrotic macrophages but it has also provided a potent strategy to reverse PF via a combination of formulated exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Di Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China
| | - Wenqi Sun
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Zichen Ye
- Department of Health Service, Health Service Training Base, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Mengying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lijun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China
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4
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Huang Q, Le Y, Li S, Bian Y. Signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Respir Res 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38218783 PMCID: PMC10788036 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition associated with critically ill patients, characterized by bilateral chest radiographical opacities with refractory hypoxemia due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite significant advances, the mortality of ARDS remains unacceptably high, and there are still no effective targeted pharmacotherapeutic agents. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 worldwide, the mortality of ARDS has increased correspondingly. Comprehending the pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ARDS may thus be essential to developing effective therapeutic strategies and reducing mortality. To facilitate further understanding of its pathogenesis and exploring novel therapeutics, this review provides comprehensive information of ARDS from pathophysiology to molecular mechanisms and presents targeted therapeutics. We first describe the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS that involve dysregulated inflammation, alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, impaired alveolar fluid clearance and oxidative stress. Next, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to the above four aspects of ARDS pathophysiology, along with the latest research progress. Finally, we discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies that show exciting promise in ARDS, including several pharmacologic therapies, microRNA-based therapies and mesenchymal stromal cell therapies, highlighting the pathophysiological basis and the influences on signal transduction pathways for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Le
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge, Hunan Road, Gu Lou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Bian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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5
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Ren Y, Qin S, Liu X, Feng B, Liu J, Zhang J, Yuan P, Yu K, Mei H, Chen M. Hyperoxia can Induce Lung Injury by Upregulating AECII Autophagy and Apoptosis Via the mTOR Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00945-2. [PMID: 37938537 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen therapy is a crucial medical intervention, but it is undeniable that it can lead to lung damage. The mTOR pathway plays a pivotal role in governing cell survival, including autophagy and apoptosis, two phenomena deeply entwined with the evolution of diseases. However, it is unclarified whether the mTOR pathway is involved in hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI). The current study aims to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of HALI by constructing in vitro and in vivo models using H2O2 and hyperoxia exposure, respectively. To investigate the role of mTOR, the experiment was divided into five groups, including normal group, injury group, mTOR inhibitor group, mTOR activator group, and DMSO control group. Western blotting, Autophagy double labeling, TUNEL staining, and HE staining were applied to evaluate protein expression, autophagy activity, cell apoptosis, and pathological changes in lung tissues. Our data revealed that hyperoxia can induce autophagy and apoptosis in Type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) isolated from the treated rats, as well as injuries in the rat lung tissues; also, H2O2 stimulation increased autophagy and apoptosis in MLE-12 cells. Noticeably, the experiments performed in both in vitro and in vivo models proved that the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin (Rapa) functioned synergistically with hyperoxia or H2O2 to promote AECII autophagy, which led to increased apoptosis and exacerbated lung injury. On the contrary, activation of mTOR with MHY1485 suppressed autophagy activity, consequently resulting in reduced apoptosis and lung injury in H2O2-challenged MLE-12 cells and hyperoxia-exposed rats. In conclusion, hyperoxia caused lung injury via mTOR-mediated AECII autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingcong Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Banghai Feng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zunyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Junya Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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Cai Q, Shen Q, Zhu W, Zhang S, Ke J, Lu Z. Paraquat-induced ferroptosis suppression via NRF2 expression regulation. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 92:105655. [PMID: 37507096 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is an environmentally friendly and efficient herbicide, but PQ misuse or intentional self-use can cause death through multiple organ damage and can cause acute lung injury. Existing clinical treatments alleviate symptoms but do not significantly improve the mortality rate. Ferroptosis is a type of necrosis that presents in a manner very similar to the cell damage induced by high doses of PQ, but the role of ferroptosis in paraquat-induced lung injury remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of ferroptosis in PQ-induced A549 cell injury and identify the potential mechanisms and critical sites of protection against PQ-induced A549 injury by ferroptosis inhibitors. We found that the ferroptosis inhibitors Ferr-1 and Lip-1 inhibit ferroptosis by attenuating oxidative stress through the upregulation of NRF2 gene expression. The protective role of the ferroptosis inhibitor Dfo was most evident in paraquat-induced cell injury. Dfo inhibited ferroptosis by iron chelation and promoted NRF2 protein level reduction. NRF2 attenuated PQ-induced ferroptosis in A549 cells, mainly through the upregulation of SLC40A1 to encourage the movement of iron to the extracellular side to alleviate iron overload, and the upregulation of SLC7A11 to promote the expression of GPX4 to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Cai
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Huangyan Hospital affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qunhe Shen
- Emergency Department, Enze Hospital, Enze Medical Center, Taizhou, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Emergency Department, Enze Hospital, Enze Medical Center, Taizhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Huangyan Hospital affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Ke
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Huangyan Hospital affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical, the key specialty of traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Provincial in the 13th Five-Year Plan period (Emergency Department), Wenzhou Key Laboratory of emergency and disaster medicine, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Wang W, Wu D, Ding J, Wang J, Meng J, Ming K, Li S, Qiu T, Liu J, Yang DA. Modified rougan decoction attenuates hepatocyte apoptosis through ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction by upregulated SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102992. [PMID: 37595499 PMCID: PMC10457587 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The modified rougan decoction (MRGD) compound formula has been proven a certain ability to relieve lipopolysaccharide-enrofloxacin (LPS-ENR)-induced liver oxidant injury in chickens. Recent advances have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction affects the development of many diseases, leading to increased interest in exploring its effects. Using LPS-ENR-injured in vivo and in vitro to further evaluate the effects of MRGD on mitochondrial structure and function, and emphasized further investigation of its molecular mechanism. After LPS-ENR treatment, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis markers were increased, along with higher mitochondrial injury. Results showed that MRGD reduced inflammatory factors expression and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB P65, reducing the inflammatory response in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, MRGD pretreatment inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and mitochondrial pathway apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial structure and function. Moreover, treatment with the inhibitor EX527 showed that MRGD promoted mitochondrial biogenesis ability through the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway and interfered with mitochondrial dynamics, and activate Nrf2. In summary, MRGD played a key role in promoting mitochondrial function and thus alleviating hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro at least in part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Desheng Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jinxue Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jinli Wang
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua 321000, PR China
| | - Jinwu Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ke Ming
- College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China
| | - Siya Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tianxin Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaguo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Danchen Aaron Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Escrig-Larena JI, Delgado-Pulido S, Mittelbrunn M. Mitochondria during T cell aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101808. [PMID: 37473558 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging that contributes to inflammaging. It is characterized by alterations of the mitochondrial DNA, reduced respiratory capacity, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species production. These primary alterations disrupt other interconnected and important mitochondrial-related processes such as metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, mitophagy, calcium homeostasis or apoptosis. In this review, we gather the current knowledge about the different mitochondrial processes which are altered during aging, with special focus on their contribution to age-associated T cell dysfunction and inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Escrig-Larena
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molcular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado-Pulido
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias (UAM), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molcular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Kashapov R, Razuvayeva Y, Kashapova N, Ziganshina A, Salnikov V, Sapunova A, Voloshina A, Zakharova L. Emergence of Nanoscale Drug Carriers through Supramolecular Self-Assembly of RNA with Calixarene. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097911. [PMID: 37175618 PMCID: PMC10178118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly is a powerful tool for the development of polymolecular assemblies that can form the basis of useful nanomaterials. Given the increasing popularity of RNA therapy, the extension of this concept of self-assembly to RNA is limited. Herein, a simple method for the creation of nanosized particles through the supramolecular self-assembly of RNA with a three-dimensional macrocycle from the calixarene family was reported for the first time. This self-assembly into nanoparticles was realized using cooperative supramolecular interactions under mild conditions. The obtained nanoparticles are able to bind various hydrophobic (quercetin, oleic acid) and hydrophilic (doxorubicin) drugs, as a result of which their cytotoxic properties are enhanced. This work demonstrates that intermolecular interactions between flexible RNA and rigid calixarene is a promising route to bottom-up assembly of novel supramolecular soft matter, expanding the design possibilities of nanoscale drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Kashapov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuliya Razuvayeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Nadezda Kashapova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albina Ziganshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vadim Salnikov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., 420111 Kazan, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 18, Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Lucia Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russia
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10
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Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zuo Z, Xiong G, Luo H, Song B, Zhao L, Zhou Z, Chang X. Paraquat-induced neurogenesis abnormalities via Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114939. [PMID: 37087969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a fundamental process in the development and plasticity of the nervous system, and its regulation is tightly linked to mitochondrial dynamics. Imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics can result in oxidative stress, which has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Paraquat (PQ), a commonly used agricultural chemical known to be neurotoxic, induces oxidative stress that can lead to mitochondrial fragmentation. In this study, we investigated the effects of PQ on neurogenesis in primary murine neural progenitor cells (mNPCs) isolated from neonatal C57BL/6 mice. We treated the mNPCs with 0-40 μM PQ for 24 h and observed that PQ inhibited their proliferation, migration, and differentiation into neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PQ induced excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and upregulated the expression of Drp-1, p-Drp1, and Fis-1, while downregulating the expression of Mfn2 and Opa1. To confirm our findings, we used Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, which reversed the adverse effects of PQ on neurogenesis, particularly differentiation into neurons and migration of mNPCs. Additionally, we found that Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, ameliorated excessive mitochondrial fragmentation caused by PQ. Our study suggests that PQ exposure impairs neurogenesis by inducing excessive mitochondrial fission and abnormal mitochondrial fragmentation via oxidative stress. These findings identify mitochondrial fission as a potential therapeutic target for PQ-induced neurotoxicity. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and neurogenesis in the context of oxidative stress-induced neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenzi Zuo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guiya Xiong
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Luo
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhijun Zhou
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuli Chang
- School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Mitochondrial function and nutrient sensing pathways in ageing: enhancing longevity through dietary interventions. Biogerontology 2022; 23:657-680. [PMID: 35842501 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by alterations in several biochemical processes, highly influenced by its environment. It is controlled by the interactions at various levels of biological hierarchy. To maintain homeostasis, a number of nutrient sensors respond to the nutritional status of the cell and control its energy metabolism. Mitochondrial physiology is influenced by the energy status of the cell. The alterations in mitochondrial physiology and the network of nutrient sensors result in mitochondrial damage leading to age related metabolic degeneration and diseases. Calorie restriction (CR) has proved to be as the most successful intervention to achieve the goal of longevity and healthspan. CR elicits a hormetic response and regulates metabolism by modulating these networks. In this review, the authors summarize the interdependent relationship between mitochondrial physiology and nutrient sensors during the ageing process and their role in regulating metabolism.
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Ning L, Rui X, Guorui L, Tinglv F, Donghang L, Chenzhen X, Xiaojing W, Qing G. A novel mechanism for the protection against acute lung injury by melatonin: mitochondrial quality control of lung epithelial cells is preserved through SIRT3-dependent deacetylation of SOD2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:610. [PMID: 36449070 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial quality control of lung epithelial cells is disturbed during sepsis, which contributes to abnormal mitochondrial function and acute lung injury. Melatonin is one of the primary hormones secreted by the pineal gland, displaying favorable antioxidative actions in sepsis and cardiopulmonary disease. However, the potential roles and molecular basis of melatonin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated lung epithelial cells have not been explored and reported. Herein, we investigated whether melatonin could protect against sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and LPS-treated lung epithelial cells through the mitochondrial quality control as well as its possible molecular targets. Wild type and Sirt3 knockout mice were intratracheally instilled with LPS for 12 h to construct an in vivo acute lung injury model. Both A549 lung epithelial cells and primary alveolar type II (AT-II) cells were used to explore the possible roles of melatonin in vitro by incubating with small interfering RNA against Sirt3. To determine the involvement of the melatonin receptor, cells and mice were treated with si Mtnr1b and luzindole. Melatonin pretreatment significantly inhibited pathological injury, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in LPS-treated lung tissues and LPS-treated lung epithelial cells. Furthermore, melatonin also shifted the dynamic course of mitochondria from fission to fusion, inhibited mitophagy and fatty acid oxidation in LPS-treated lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. However, SIRT3 inhibition abolished the protective roles of melatonin in acute lung injury. Mechanistically, we found that melatonin increased the activity and expression of SIRT3, which further promoted the deacetylation of SOD2 at K122 and K68. More importantly, melatonin exerted pulmonary protection by activating MTNR1B but not MTNR1A during ALI. Collectively, melatonin could preserve the mitochondrial quality control of lung epithelial cells through the deacetylation of SOD2 in a SIRT3-dependent manner, which eventually alleviated sepsis-induced injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Thus, melatonin may serve as a promising candidate against ALI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiong Rui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Guorui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Fu Tinglv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Donghang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xu Chenzhen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wu Xiaojing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Geng Qing
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Gupta D, Archoo S, Naikoo SH, Abdullah ST. Rosmarinic Acid: A Naturally Occurring Plant Based Agent Prevents Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics and Apoptosis in Ultraviolet-B-Irradiated Human Skin Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 98:925-934. [PMID: 34608633 DOI: 10.1111/php.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is the leading cause of premature skin aging and skin cancer. UVB mediated mitochondrial dysfunction has been identified as one of the causative factors of UVB induced oxidative imbalance and apoptosis. Here, we report that UVB leads to mitochondrial fragmentation by causing imbalance in the markers regulating mitochondrial dynamics, which further contributes to ROS imbalance and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signals. Several studies have demonstrated natural products as inhibitors of mitochondrial fission. However, to our knowledge, not much evidence has been gathered regarding utilization of Rosmarinic acid (RA) against UVB orchestrated mitochondrial fragmentation responses. Thus, in our study, we present the evidence of the efficacy of RA as a modulator of mitochondrial dynamics in UVB irradiated skin cells to prevent oxidative imbalance and apoptosis thereby preventing UVB induced photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sajida Archoo
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shahid Hussain Naikoo
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sheikh Tasduq Abdullah
- PK-PD and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Liu C, Sun Z, Wang M, Yang Z, Zhang W, Ren Y, Han X, Zhang B, Yao M, Nie S. Mitoquinone mitigates paraquat-induced A549 lung epithelial cell injury by promoting MFN1/MFN2-mediated mitochondrial fusion. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23127. [PMID: 35686354 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) poisoning often leads to severe lung injuries, in which the mitochondria damage plays a critical role. Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a newly designed mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, has been proved for its benefit in mitochondria protection. However, the role of MitoQ in PQ-induced lung injury remains unclear. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the effect of MitoQ on PQ-induced lung injury and its underlying mechanisms. Our work showed that PQ caused the inhibition of A549 lung epithelial cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, while MitoQ remarkably mitigated the PQ-induced cell viability suppression. Besides this, PQ-mediated apoptosis of A549 cells was significantly attenuated by MitoQ, as indicated by the TUNEL assay and mitochondria membrane potential assay. Moreover, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also dramatically suppressed when cotreated MitoQ with PQ. This could be ascribed to enhanced mitochondrial fusion mediated by Mitofusin 1 (MFN1)/Mitofusin 2 (MFN2), because MitoQ preserved mitochondrial network integrity, as reflected by MitoTracker staining, and MitoQ also increased the expression of MFN1/MFN2 in A549 cells after PQ treatment. Our data suggested MitoQ mitigated PQ-induced lung epithelial cell injury by promoting MFN1/MFN2-mediated mitochondrial fusion, and MitoQ might be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of PQ-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mengya Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Han S, Feng Y, Guo M, Hao Y, Sun J, Zhao Y, Dong Q, Zhao Y, Cui M. Role of OCT3 and DRP1 in the Transport of Paraquat in Astrocytes: A Mouse Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:57004. [PMID: 35511227 PMCID: PMC9070608 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is a pesticide, exposure to which has been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease; however, PQ transport mechanisms in the brain are still unclear. Our previous studies indicated that the organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) expressed on astrocytes could uptake PQ and protect the dopaminergic (DA) neurons from a higher level of extracellular PQ. At present, it is unknown how OCT3 levels are altered during chronic PQ exposure or aging, nor is it clear how the compensatory mechanisms are triggered by OCT3 deficiency. Dynamic related protein 1 (DRP1) was previously reported to ameliorate the loss of neurons during Parkinson's disease. Nowadays, mounting studies have revealed the functions of astrocyte DRP1, prompting us to hypothesize that DRP1 could regulate the PQ transport capacity of astrocytes. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to further explore PQ transport mechanisms in the nigrostriatal system and identify pathways involved in extracellular PQ clearance. METHODS Models of PQ-induced neurodegeneration were established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PQ in wild-type (WT) and organic cation transporter-3-deficient (Oct3-/-) mice. DRP1 knockdown was achieved by viral tools in vivo and small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vitro. Extracellular PQ was detected by in vivo microdialysis. In vitro transport assays were used to directly observe the functions of different transporters. PQ-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated by tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry, in vivo microdialysis for striatal DA and behavior tests. Western blotting analysis or immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the expression levels and locations of proteins in vitro or in vivo. RESULTS Older mice and those chronically exposed to PQ had a lower expression of brain OCT3 and, following exposure to a 10-mg/kg i.p. PQ2+ loading dose, a higher concentration of extracellular PQ. DRP1 levels were higher in astrocytes and neurons of WT and Oct3-/- mice after chronic exposure to PQ; this was supported by finding higher levels of DRP1 after PQ treatment of dopamine transporter-expressing neurons with and without OCT3 inhibition and in primary astrocytes of WT and Oct3-/- mice. Selective astrocyte DRP1 knockdown ameliorated the PQ2+-induced neurotoxicity in Oct3-/- mice but not in WT mice. GL261 astrocytes with siRNA-mediated DRP1 knockdown had a higher expression of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), and transport studies suggest that extracellular PQ was transported into astrocytes by ASCT2 when OCT3 was absent. DISCUSSION The present study mainly focused on the transport mechanisms of PQ between the dopaminergic neurons and astrocytes. Lower OCT3 levels were found in the older or chronically PQ-treated mice. Astrocytes with DRP1 inhibition (by viral tools or mitochondrial division inhibitor-1) had higher levels of ASCT2, which we hypothesize served as an alternative transporter to remove extracellular PQ when OCT3 was deficient. In summary, our data suggest that OCT3, ASCT2 located on astrocytes and the dopamine transporter located on DA terminals may function in a concerted manner to mediate striatal DA terminal damage in PQ-induced neurotoxicity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9505.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Han
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ji P, Li H, Jin Y, Peng Y, Zhao L, Wang X. C. elegans as an in vivo model system for the phenotypic drug discovery for treating paraquat poisoning. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12866. [PMID: 35178301 PMCID: PMC8815376 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is an effective and widely used herbicide and causes numerous fatalities by accidental or voluntary ingestion. However, neither the final cytotoxic mechanism nor effective treatments for PQ poisoning have been discovered. Phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), which does not rely on the molecular mechanism of the diseases, is having a renaissance in recent years owing to its potential to address the incompletely understood complexity of diseases. Herein, the C. elegans PDD model was established to pave the way for the future phenotypic discovery of potential agents for treating PQ poisoning. METHODS C. elegans were treated with PQ-containing solid medium followed by statistical analysis of worm survival, pharyngeal pumping, and movement ability. Furthermore, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was used to test the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning by measuring the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), mitochondrial morphology, and worm survival rate. Additionally, we used the classic mice model of PQ intoxication to evaluate the validity of the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning by measuring the effect of CoQ10 as a potential antidote for PQ poisoning. RESULTS In the C. elegans model of PQ poisoning, 5 mg/mL PQ increased the levels of ROS, MDA content, mitochondrial fragments, which significantly shortened the lifespan, while CoQ10 alleviated these phenotypes. In the mice model of PQ poisoning, CoQ10 increased the chance of survival in PQ poisoned mice while reducing ROS, MDA content in lung tissue and inhibiting PQ-induced lung edema. Moreover, CoQ10 alleviated the lung morphopathological changes induced by PQ. CONCLUSION Here we established a C. elegans model of PQ poisoning, whose validity was confirmed by the classic mice model of PQ intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China
| | - Yushan Jin
- Department of Immunology and Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Key Laboratory of Special Animal Molecular Biology of Jilin Province, Specialty Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry (CIAC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Changchun, China,Department of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shang JZ, Li SR, Li XQ, Zhou YT, Ma X, Liu L, Niu D, Duan X. Simazine perturbs the maturational competency of mouse oocyte through inducing oxidative stress and DNA damage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113105. [PMID: 34954678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simazine is a triazine pesticides that typically detected in ground water and soil, and can reportedly affect reproductive health in humans and animals. However, the effect of simazine on female germ cell development remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that simazine exposure decreased oocyte maturation competence and embryonic developmental capacity. Importantly, simazine exposure disrupted microtubule stability and actin polymerization, resulting in failure of spindle assembly and migration. In addition, simazine exposure impaired mitochondrial function and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis in both oocyte and 2-cell embryos, thus increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, simazine exposure induced DNA damage and early apoptosis during oocyte maturation. Collectively, our results demonstrate that simazine exposure-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are major causes of poor oocytes quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhou Shang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shi-Ru Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dong Niu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Xing Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
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Kashapov R, Razuvayeva Y, Ziganshina A, Sapunova A, Lyubina A, Amerhanova S, Kulik N, Voloshina A, Nizameev I, Salnikov V, Zakharova L. Effect of preorganization and amphiphilicity of calix[4]arene platform on functional properties of viologen derivatives. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Identification of hub genes and key pathways of paraquat-induced human embryonic pulmonary fibrosis by bioinformatics analysis and in vitro studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22792-22801. [PMID: 34580234 PMCID: PMC8544307 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Paraquat (N,N0-dimethyl-4,40-bipyridinium dichloride;PQ) is a highly toxic pesticide, which usually leads to acute lung injury and subsequent development of pulmonary fibrosis. The exact mechanism underlying PQ-induced lung fibrosis remain largely unclear and as yet, no specific treatment drugs have been approved. Our study aimed to identify its potential mechanisms of PQ-induced fibrosis through a modeling study in vitro studies and bioinformatics analysis. Methods: Gene expression datasets associated with PQ-induced lung fibrosis were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, wherefrom differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using GEO2R. Functional enrichment analyses were performed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The DEGs analyzed by a protein–protein interaction network was constructed with the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database. MCODE, a Cytoscape plugin, was subsequently used to identify the most significant modules. The expression of the key genes in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrotic tissues was verified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: Two datasets were analyzed and revealed 92 overlapping DEGs. Functional analysis demonstrated that these 92 DEGs were enriched in the ‘TNF signaling pathway’, ‘CXCR chemokine receptor binding’, and ‘core promoter binding’. Moreover, nine hub genes were identified from the protein–protein interaction network formed from the DEGs. These results suggested that the TNF signaling pathway and nine hub genes are possibly involved in PQ-induced lung fibrosis progression. Conclusions: This integrative analysis identified candidate genes and pathways potentially involved in PQ-induced lung fibrosis, and could benefit future development of novel approaches for controlling and treating this disease.
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Dabigatran Etexilate Induces Cytotoxicity in Rat Gastric Epithelial Cell Line via Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102508. [PMID: 34685491 PMCID: PMC8533938 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dabigatran is a novel oral anticoagulant that directly inhibits free and fibrin-bound thrombins and exerts rapid and predictable anticoagulant effects. While the use of this reagent has been associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, the reason why dabigatran use increases gastrointestinal bleeding risk remains unknown. We investigated the cytotoxicity of dabigatran etexilate and tartaric acid, the two primary components of dabigatran. The cytotoxicity of dabigatran etexilate and tartaric acid was measured in a cell viability assay. Intracellular mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitROS) production and lipid peroxidation were measured using fluorescence dyes. Cell membrane viscosity was measured using atomic force microscopy. The potential of ascorbic acid as an inhibitor of dabigatran cytotoxicity was also evaluated. The cytotoxicity of dabigatran etexilate was higher than that of tartaric acid. Dabigatran etexilate induced mitROS production and lipid peroxidation and altered the cell membrane viscosity. Ascorbic acid inhibited the cytotoxicity and mitROS production induced by dabigatran etexilate. Therefore, we attributed the cytotoxicity of dabigatran to dabigatran etexilate, and proposed that the cytotoxic effects of dabigatran etexilate are mediated via mitROS production. Additionally, we demonstrated that dabigatran cytotoxicity can be prevented via antioxidant treatment.
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21
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Ding Q, Qi Y, Tsang SY. Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Mitophagy in the Maturation of Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092463. [PMID: 34572112 PMCID: PMC8466139 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can undergo unlimited self-renewal and can differentiate into all the cell types present in our body, including cardiomyocytes. Therefore, PSCs can be an excellent source of cardiomyocytes for future regenerative medicine and medical research studies. However, cardiomyocytes obtained from PSC differentiation culture are regarded as immature structurally, electrophysiologically, metabolically, and functionally. Mitochondria are organelles responsible for various cellular functions such as energy metabolism, different catabolic and anabolic processes, calcium fluxes, and various signaling pathways. Cells can respond to cellular needs to increase the mitochondrial mass by mitochondrial biogenesis. On the other hand, cells can also degrade mitochondria through mitophagy. Mitochondria are also dynamic organelles that undergo continuous fusion and fission events. In this review, we aim to summarize previous findings on the changes of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics during the maturation of cardiomyocytes. In addition, we intend to summarize whether changes in these processes would affect the maturation of cardiomyocytes. Lastly, we aim to discuss unanswered questions in the field and to provide insights for the possible strategies of enhancing the maturation of PSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ding
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Yanxiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Suk-Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-39431020
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22
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Chen N, Guo Z, Luo Z, Zheng F, Shao W, Yu G, Cai P, Wu S, Li H. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission contributes to mitophagy in paraquat-induced neuronal cell damage. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116413. [PMID: 33422762 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world due to its excellent weed control effects. Accumulating evidence has revealed that long-term exposure to PQ can significantly increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Hence, we investigated the potential role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) in PQ-induced mitophagy, aiming to elaborate on possible molecular mechanisms involved in PQ-triggered neurotoxicity. Our results showed that ROS were increased, mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased at 100, 200, and 300 μM PQ concentrations, and autophagy pathways were activated at a concentration of 100 μM in neuronal cells. In addition, excessive mitophagy was observed in neurons exposed to 300 μM PQ for 24 h. Then, ROS-mediated mitochondrial fission was found to contribute to PQ-induced excessive mitophagy. Moreover, all aforementioned changes were significantly ameliorated by mdivi-1. Thus, our findings provide a novel neurotoxic mechanism and reveal the DRP1-mitochondrial fission pathway as a potential target for treatments of PQ-induced excessive mitophagy, serving as an alternative target for the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Because harmful substances are transmitted and enriched in the food chain, the toxic effect of environmental paraquat is nonnegligible, and more investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhou Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Zhousong Luo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wenya Shao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Guangxia Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ping Cai
- Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Siying Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; The Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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23
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Hou L, Zhang J, Liu Y, Fang H, Liao L, Wang Z, Yuan J, Wang X, Sun J, Tang B, Chen H, Ye P, Ding Z, Lu H, Wang Y, Wang X. MitoQ alleviates LPS-mediated acute lung injury through regulating Nrf2/Drp1 pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:219-228. [PMID: 33539948 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been known to cause alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis and barrier breakdown that characterize acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We aimed to investigate whether mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, could alleviate LPS-induced AEC damage in ALI and its underlying mechanisms. In vitro studies in AEC A549 cell line, we noted that LPS could induce dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission, AEC apoptosis and barrier breakdown, which could be reversed with MitoQ and mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 treatment. Moreover, the protective role of MitoQ was attenuated with Drp1 overexpression. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) downregulation could block the effect of MitoQ by decreasing the expression of Nrf2 target genes in LPS-treated AEC, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Nrf2 gene knockdown in LPS-treated A549 cells prevented the protective effect of MitoQ from decreasing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, AEC apoptosis and barrier breakdown. The lung protective effect of MitoQ by regulating the Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, AEC apoptosis and barrier breakdown was further confirmed in vivo with LPS-induced ALI mouse model. Additionally, the protective effect of MitoQ was inhibited by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. We therefore conclude that MitoQ exerts ALI-protective effects by preventing Nrf2/Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, AEC apoptosis as well as barrier breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hongwei Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Lijun Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhankui Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Pain, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563000, China
| | - Xuebin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jixiong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Pengcheng Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhenmin Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Huihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Yinglin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Xiangrui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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24
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Subbiah R, Tiwari RR. The herbicide paraquat-induced molecular mechanisms in the development of acute lung injury and lung fibrosis. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:36-64. [PMID: 33528289 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1864721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide paraquat (PQ; 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridylium dichloride) is a highly toxic organic heterocyclic herbicide that has been widely used in agricultural settings. Since its commercial introduction in the early 1960s, numerous cases of fatal PQ poisonings attributed to accidental and/or intentional ingestion of PQ concentrated formulations have been reported. The clinical manifestations of the respiratory system during the acute phase of PQ poisoning mainly include acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), followed by pulmonary fibrosis in a later phase. The focus of this review is to summarize the most recent publications related to PQ-induced lung toxicity as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms for PQ-mediated pathologic processes. Growing sets of data from in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated the involvement of the PQ in regulating lung oxidative stress, inflammatory response, epigenetics, apoptosis, autophagy, and the progression of lung fibrosis. The article also summarizes novel therapeutic avenues based on a literature review, which can be explored as potential means to combat PQ-induced lung toxicity. Finally, we also presented clinical studies on the association of PQ exposure with the incidence of lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Subbiah
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
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25
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Gao QY, Zhang HF, Tao J, Chen ZT, Liu CY, Liu WH, Wu MX, Yin WY, Gao GH, Xie Y, Yang Y, Liu PM, Wang JF, Chen YX. Mitochondrial Fission and Mitophagy Reciprocally Orchestrate Cardiac Fibroblasts Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:629397. [PMID: 33585469 PMCID: PMC7874126 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.629397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial fission has been reported to increase proliferative capacity and collagen production, it can also contribute to mitochondrial impairment, which is detrimental to cell survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial fission in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) activation and explore the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial health under this condition. For this, changes in the levels of mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins were assessed in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-activated CF, whereas the role of mitochondrial fission during this process was also elucidated, as were the underlying mechanisms. The interaction between mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, the main defense mechanism against mitochondrial impairment, was also explored. The results showed that the mitochondria in TGF-β1-treated CF were noticeably more fragmented than those of controls. The expression of several mitochondrial fission-related proteins was markedly upregulated, and the levels of fusion-related proteins were also altered, but to a lesser extent. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission resulted in a marked attenuation of TGF-β1-induced CF activation. The TGF-β1-induced increase in glycolysis was greatly suppressed in the presence of a mitochondrial inhibitor, whereas a glycolysis-specific antagonist exerted little additional antifibrotic effects. TGF-β1 treatment increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggered mitophagy, but this effect was reversed following the application of ROS scavengers. For the signals mediating mitophagy, the expression of Pink1, but not Bnip3l/Nix or Fundc1, exhibited the most significant changes, which could be counteracted by treatment with a mitochondrial fission inhibitor. Pink1 knockdown suppressed CF activation and mitochondrial fission, which was accompanied by increased CF apoptosis. In conclusion, mitochondrial fission resulted in increased glycolysis and played a crucial role in CF activation. Moreover, mitochondrial fission promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to mitophagy and the consequent degradation of the impaired mitochondria, thus promoting CF survival and maintaining their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Teng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Xiong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Huang MZ, Zhang ZD, Yang YJ, Liu XW, Qin Z, Li JY. Aspirin Eugenol Ester Protects Vascular Endothelium From Oxidative Injury by the Apoptosis Signal Regulating Kinase-1 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588755. [PMID: 33658932 PMCID: PMC7919194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new potential pharmaceutical compound possessing anti-inflammatory, anti-cardiovascular disease, and antioxidative stress activity. The pharmacological activities of AEE are partly dependent on its regulation of cell apoptosis. However, it is still unclear how AEE inhibits cell apoptosis on the basis of its antioxidative stress effect. This study aimed to reveal the vascular antioxidative mechanism of AEE in response to H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs and paraquat-induced oxidative stress in rats. In the different intervention groups of HUVECs and rats, the expression of ASK1, ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38 and the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38 were measured. The effects of ASK1 and ERK1/2 on the anti-apoptotic activity of AEE in the oxidative stress model were probed using the corresponding inhibitors ASK1 and ERK1/2. The results showed that in the HUVECs, 200 μM H2O2 treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK and the level of ASK1 but decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, while in the HUVECs pretreated with AEE, the H2O2-induced changes were significantly ameliorated. The findings were observed in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of ASK1 and ERK1/2 showed that ASK1 plays a vital role in the protective effect of AEE on H2O2-induced apoptosis. All findings suggested that AEE protects the vascular endothelium from oxidative injury by mediating the ASK1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhou Huang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou, China
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27
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Deng S, Zhang L, Mo Y, Huang Y, Li W, Peng Q, Huang L, Ai Y. Mdivi-1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting MAPKs, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 62:101918. [PMID: 32251714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is among the most devastating events in intensive care units. As a complication of sepsis, acute lung injury (ALI) is common and highly associated with poor outcome. The present study demonstrated that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics play a pivotal role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Inhibiting the mitochondrial fission with the specific inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) ameliorated ALI as assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and wet/dry ratio. Furthermore, Mdivi-1 reduced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the lungs. Plasma pro-inflammation cytokines were also reduced significantly in Mdivi-1-treated mice. In vitro study revealed that Mdivi-1 protected the macrophages from LPS-induced MAPKs activation, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis. Mdivi-1 also inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Morphological analysis showed that Mdivi-1 rescued the macrophages from LPS-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. Moreover, LPS treatment induced significant phosphorylation of Drp1 at Ser616, dephosphorylation at Ser637 and translocation of Drp1 from the cytoplasm to mitochondria, while Mdivi-1 inhibited those effects. Thus, modification of fission to rebuild mitochondrial homeostasis may offer an innovative opportunity for developing therapeutic strategies against ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Yunan Mo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Qianyi Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
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28
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Liu K, Zhan Z, Gao W, Feng J, Xie X. Cyclosporine attenuates Paraquat-induced mitophagy and pulmonary fibrosis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:138-146. [PMID: 32116062 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1729176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Paraquat (PQ) poisoning can induce mitophagy and pulmonary fibrosis. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an inhibitor of mitophagy. This study aimed at investigating whether CsA could inhibit PQ-induced mitophagy and pulmonary fibrosis in rats.Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with vehicle saline (control), 50 mg/kg PQ by gavage alone, or together with different doses of CsA. At 14 days post-induction, the levels of pulmonary fibrosis and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and Parkin expression in individual rats and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in lung cells were measured. Moreover, A549 cells were treated with PQ or PQ + CsA for 24 h and the levels of PINK1, Parkin, fibronectin, collagen I and LC3 I and II expression and MMP were examined. Finally, the impact of PINK1 overexpression on the PQ or PQ + CsA-modulated fibronectin and collagen I expression in A549 cells was tested.Results: PQ exposure significantly increased the levels of hydroxyproline and collagen I expression and collagen fiber accumulation in the lung of rats, which were mitigated by CsA treatment. Furthermore, treatment with CsA significantly improved the PQ-decreased MMP and abrogated PQ-upregulated PINK1 and Parkin expression in the lungs of rats. In addition, CsA treatment decreased the PQ-induced fibrosis and mitophagy and PQ-impaired MMP as well as PQ-upregulated PINK1 and Parkin expression in A549 cells. The later effect of CsA was abrogated by PINK1 overexpression in A549 cells.Conclusions: Therefore, CsA can inhibit the PQ-induced mitophagy and pulmonary fibrosis by attenuating the PINK1/Parkin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China.,Department of Nephrology, the Chengdu Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, and the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
| | - Xisheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Clinical Medical Institution of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
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29
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Madi NM, Ibrahim RR, Alghazaly GM, Marea KE, El-Saka MH. The prospective curative role of lipoxin A 4 in induced gastric ulcer in rats: Possible involvement of mitochondrial dynamics signaling pathway. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1379-1392. [PMID: 32107872 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study purposed to examine the prospective curative role of lipoxin A4 (LXA4 ) in induced gastric ulcer in rats and explore the possible involvement of mitochondrial dynamics signaling pathway. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, indomethacin (IND), IND + omeprazole (IND + Omez), and IND+ LXA4 groups. At the end of the experiment, the gastric pH, gastric fluid volume, total gastric acidity, ulcer index, and curative index were estimated. The gene expression of mitochondrial related protein 1 and mitofusin 2 were determined. In addition, some mitochondrial parameters include mitochondrial transmembrane potential, complex-I activity and reactive oxygen species were measured. Also, some gastric biochemical parameters, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses of the gastric mucosa were determined. We found that IND induced gastric ulcer, as manifested by the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Both Omez and LXA4 treatment for 15 days alleviated the IND-induced gastric ulcer as explored by ameliorating the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. We concluded that LXA4 mitigated the IND-induced gastric ulcer via improving the mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, in addition to its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin M Madi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rowida R Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Alghazaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Karima E Marea
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mervat H El-Saka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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30
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Alicka M, Kornicka-Garbowska K, Kucharczyk K, Kępska M, Rӧcken M, Marycz K. Age-dependent impairment of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from horses. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:4. [PMID: 31900232 PMCID: PMC6942290 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive loss of cell functionality caused by an age-related impairment in cell metabolism concerns not only mature specialized cells but also its progenitors, which significantly reduces their regenerative potential. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are most commonly used in veterinary medicine as an alternative treatment option in ligaments and cartilage injuries, especially in case of high-value sport horses. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify the molecular alternations in ASCs derived from three age-matched horse groups: young (< 5), middle-aged (5-15), and old (> 15 years old). METHODS ASCs were isolated from three age-matched horse groups using an enzymatic method. Molecular changes were assessed using qRT-PCR, ELISA and western blot methods, flow cytometry-based system, and confocal and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Our findings showed that ASCs derived from the middle-aged and old groups exhibited a typical senescence phenotype, such as increased percentage of G1/G0-arrested cells, binucleation, enhanced β-galactosidase activity, and accumulation of γH2AX foci, as well as a reduction in cell proliferation. Moreover, aged ASCs were characterized by increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and miRNAs (interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), miR-203b-5p, and miR-16-5p), as well as apoptosis markers (p21, p53, caspase-3, caspase-9). In addition, our study revealed that the protein level of mitofusin 1 (MFN1) markedly decreased with increasing age. Aged ASCs also displayed a reduction in mRNA levels of genes involved in stem cell homeostasis and homing, like TET-3, TET-3 (TET family), and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), as well as protein expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) and octamer transcription factor 3/4 (Oct 3/4). Furthermore, we observed a higher splicing ratio of XBP1 (X-box binding protein 1) mRNA, indicating elevated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1) activity and, consequently, increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We also observed reduced levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4) and insulin receptor (INSR) which indicated impaired insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Obtained data suggest that ASCs derived from horses older than 5 years old exhibited several molecular alternations which markedly limit their regenerative capacity. The results provide valuable information that allows for a better understanding of the molecular events occurring in ASCs in the course of aging and may help to identify new potential drug targets to restore their regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Alicka
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kornicka-Garbowska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Kępska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michael Rӧcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Sharma A, Smith HJ, Yao P, Mair WB. Causal roles of mitochondrial dynamics in longevity and healthy aging. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48395. [PMID: 31667999 PMCID: PMC6893295 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are organized in the cell in the form of a dynamic, interconnected network. Mitochondrial dynamics, regulated by mitochondrial fission, fusion, and trafficking, ensure restructuring of this complex reticulum in response to nutrient availability, molecular signals, and cellular stress. Aberrant mitochondrial structures have long been observed in aging and age-related diseases indicating that mitochondrial dynamics are compromised as cells age. However, the specific mechanisms by which aging affects mitochondrial dynamics and whether these changes are causally or casually associated with cellular and organismal aging is not clear. Here, we review recent studies that show specifically how mitochondrial fission, fusion, and trafficking are altered with age. We discuss factors that change with age to directly or indirectly influence mitochondrial dynamics while examining causal roles for altered mitochondrial dynamics in healthy aging and underlying functional outputs that might affect longevity. Lastly, we propose that altered mitochondrial dynamics might not just be a passive consequence of aging but might constitute an adaptive mechanism to mitigate age-dependent cellular impairments and might be targeted to increase longevity and promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Hannah J Smith
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Pallas Yao
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - William B Mair
- Department of Genetics and Complex DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
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Mo Y, Deng S, Zhang L, Huang Y, Li W, Peng Q, Liu Z, Ai Y. SS-31 reduces inflammation and oxidative stress through the inhibition of Fis1 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:171-178. [PMID: 31582222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SS-31 is a kind of mitochondrion-targeted peptide. Recent studies indicated significant neuroprotective effects of SS-31. In this study, we investigated that SS-31 protected the murine cultured microglial cells (BV-2) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress through stabilizing mitochondrial morphology. The morphological study showed that SS-31 preserved LPS-induced mitochondrial ultrastructure by reducing the fission protein 1 (Fis1) expression. Flow cytometry and Western blot verified that SS-31 defended the BV-2 cells against LPS-stimulated inflammation and oxidative stress via suppressing Fis1. To sum up, our study represents that SS-31 preserves BV-2 cells from LPS-stimulated inflammation and oxidative stress by down-regulating the Fis1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Mo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Songyun Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Qianyi Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
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Cao ZX, Song YQ, Bai WJ, Wang WJ, Zhao Y, Zhang SL, Feng SY. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as an early predictor for patients with acute paraquat poisoning: A retrospective analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17199. [PMID: 31517877 PMCID: PMC6750259 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to investigate whether the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as an early predictor of 90-day survival in patients with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning.This study enrolled 105 patients with acute PQ poisoning admitted from May 2012 to May 2018. Kaplan-Meier curve, receiver operating characteristic curve, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to investigate the predictive value of NLR for 90-day survival of patients with acute PQ poisoning.The 90-day survival rate was 40.95% (43/105). Survivors had lower NLR (P <.001), which was an independent predictor of 90-day survival according to the Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. The area under the NLR curve was 0.842 (95% CI: 0.767-0.917, P <.001) in predicting 90-day survival.Our findings showed that low NLR was a valuable early predictor of 90-day survival in patients with acute PQ poisoning.
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Effects of abnormal expression of fusion and fission genes on the morphology and function of lung macrophage mitochondria in SiO2-induced silicosis fibrosis in rats in vivo. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:181-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Marashi SM, Hosseini SF, Hosseinzadeh M, Qadir MF, Khodaei F. Ameliorative role of aspirin in paraquat-induced lung toxicity via mitochondrial mechanisms. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22370. [PMID: 31348582 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) has accounted for numerous suicide attempts in developing countries. Aspirin (ASA) as an adjuvant treatment in PQ poisoning has an ameliorative role. And, it's uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation role has been well established. The current study aimed at examining the aspirin mechanism on lung mitochondria of rats exposed to PQ. Male rats were randomly allocated in five groups: Control group, PQ group (50 mg/kg; orally, only on the first day), and PQ + ASA (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg; i.p.) groups for 3 weeks. Mitochondrial indices and respiratory chain-complex activities were determined. PQ induced lung interstitial fibrosis; however, ASA (400 mg/kg) led to decrease in this abnormal alteration. In comparison with PQ group, complex II and IV activity, and adenosine triphosphate content in ASA groups had significantly increased; however, reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and mitochondrial swelling were significantly reduced. In conclusion, aspirin can alleviate lung injury induced by PQ poisoning by improving mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mahdi Marashi
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Blood Transfusion Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massood Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Muhammad Farhan Qadir
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
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Song CQ, Sun DZ, Xu YM, Yang C, Cai Q, Dong XS. Effect of endoplasmic reticulum calcium on paraquat‑induced apoptosis of human lung type II alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2419-2425. [PMID: 31322172 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum calcium (ER Ca2+) in the apoptosis of human lung type II alveolar epithelial A549 cells induced by paraquat (PQ) in vitro. PQ significantly elevated the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Treatment with the Ca2+‑ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin significantly increased PQ‑induced cytotoxicity, elevated the intracellular level of Ca2+, and increased the apoptosis rate, the protein expression of glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and the activities of caspase‑7 and caspase‑12 in PQ‑treated cells. By contrast, treatment with heparin, an inositol 1,4,5‑triphosphate receptor inhibitor, remarkably attenuated cytotoxicity and decreased the intracellular level of Ca2+, the apoptosis rate and the expression levels of GRP78, CHOP and Caspases. In conclusion, PQ impaired the regulating function of ER Ca2+ and resulted in an excessive increase of intracellular Ca2+. Therefore, influencing the Ca2+ signaling in the ER influenced the apoptosis of A549 cells via the ER stress pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Song
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Da-Zhuang Sun
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Min Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Song Dong
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Wu L, Li Q, Liu S, An X, Huang Z, Zhang B, Yuan Y, Xing C. Protective effect of hyperoside against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulating mitochondrial fission, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:727-736. [PMID: 31130024 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1623883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, effective therapies for IR-induced AKI are lacking. Hyperoside is an active constituent in the flowers of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of various ischemic brain and heart diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that hyperoside inhibited adriamycin induced podocyte injury both in vivo and in vitro. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hyperoside in IR-induced AKI. In mice, pretreatment of hyperoside could markedly attenuate IR-induced AKI, tubular cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the kidneys. Meanwhile, we found hyperoside inhibited IR-induced mitochondrial fission by suppressing OMA1 mediated proteolysis of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). Consistently, in human proximal tubular epithelial cells, hyperoside might inhibit CoCl2-induced mitochondrial fission, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by regulating OMA1-OPA1 axis. Taken together, our results support the idea that OMA1-OPA1 mediated mitochondrial fission can be used for the prevention of AKI. Hyperoside might have novel therapeutic potential in the treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- a Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Qing Li
- a Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Simeng Liu
- a Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xiaofei An
- b Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Zhimin Huang
- a Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- a Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Yanggang Yuan
- a Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Changying Xing
- a Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , PR China
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Mdivi-1 Protects CD4 + T Cells against Apoptosis via Balancing Mitochondrial Fusion-Fission and Preventing the Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7329131. [PMID: 31263382 PMCID: PMC6541989 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7329131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of CD4+ T cells plays a central role in the progression of sepsis because it is associated with subsequent immunosuppression and the lack of specific treatment. Thus, developing therapeutic strategies to attenuate the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in sepsis is critical. Several studies have demonstrated that Mdivi-1, which is a selective inhibitor of the dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), attenuates apoptosis of myocardial cells and neurons during various pathologic states. The present study revealed the impact of Mdivi-1 on the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in sepsis and the potential underlying mechanisms. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery as sepsis models in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Our results showed that Mdivi-1 attenuated the apoptosis of CD4+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo. The potential mechanism underlying the protective effect of Mdivi-1 involved Mdivi-1 reestablishing mitochondrial fusion-fission balance in sepsis, as reflected by the expression of the mitofusin 2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) , Drp1 translocation, and mitochondrial morphology, as observed by electron microscopy. Moreover, Mdivi-1 treatment reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and prevented the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and associated apoptosis. After using tunicamycin to activate ER stress, the protective effect of Mdivi-1 on CD4+ T cells was reversed. Our results suggested that Mdivi-1 ameliorated apoptosis in CD4+ T cells by reestablishing mitochondrial fusion-fission balance and preventing the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental sepsis.
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Monteiro L, Pereira JADS, Palhinha L, Moraes‐Vieira PMM. Leptin in the regulation of the immunometabolism of adipose tissue‐macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:703-716. [DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr1218-478r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauar Monteiro
- Laboratory of ImmunometabolismDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Jéssica Aparecida da Silva Pereira
- Laboratory of ImmunometabolismDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Lohanna Palhinha
- Laboratory of ImmunopharmacologyOswaldo Cruz InstituteOswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel M. Moraes‐Vieira
- Laboratory of ImmunometabolismDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and ImmunologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Campinas Sao Paulo Brazil
- Department of ImmunologyInstitute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil
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Melittin Exerts Beneficial Effects on Paraquat-Induced Lung Injuries In Mice by Modifying Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081498. [PMID: 30995821 PMCID: PMC6514788 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melittin (MEL) is a 26-amino acid peptide with numerous biological activities. Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most widely used herbicides, although it is extremely toxic to humans. To date, PQ poisoning has no effective treatment, and therefore the current study aimed to assess for the first time the possible effects of MEL on PQ-induced lung injuries in mice. Mice received a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of PQ (30 mg/kg), followed by IP treatment with MEL (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) twice per week for four consecutive weeks. Histological alterations, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in the lungs were studied. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining indicated that MEL markedly reduced lung injuries induced by PQ. Furthermore, treatment with MEL increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and decreased malonaldehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in lung tissue homogenates. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed that B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and survivin expressions were upregulated after MEL treatment, while Ki-67 expression was downregulated. The high dose of MEL was more effective than the low dose in all experiments. In summary, MEL efficiently reduced PQ-induced lung injuries in mice. Specific pharmacological examinations are required to determine the effectiveness of MEL in cases of human PQ poisoning.
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Hu X, Chen L, Li T, Zhao M. TLR3 is involved in paraquat-induced acute renal injury. Life Sci 2019; 223:102-109. [PMID: 30876938 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in mouse paraquat-induced acute renal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Acute renal injury was established in C57BL/6J mice by intraperitoneal injection of paraquat (28 mg/kg). The mice were also injected intraperitoneally with TLR3 agonist poly I:C (20 mg/kg) or TLR3/dsRNA complex inhibitor (1 mg) 1 h before paraquat exposure. At 72 hour post paraquat exposure, the mice were sacrificed and the blood and renal tissues were collected to examine TLR3 expression in renal tissues, pathological injury in renal tissues, renal function, inflammation, and cell apoptosis. KEY FINDINGS After paraquat exposure, TLR3 expression in mouse renal tissues was significantly increased, and pathological changes to the renal tissues and remarkable renal impairment were present. Compared to the paraquat group, the poly I:C group showed no significant difference in renal pathology, renal function, inflammation, or cell apoptosis. However, TLR3 inhibitor treatment significantly alleviated injury to the renal tissues, improved renal function, inhibited NF-κB activation, suppressed the infiltration of neutrophils, and lessened the expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in renal tissues. TLR3 inhibitor treatment also suppressed the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3 and reduced apoptosis in the renal tissues. SIGNIFICANCE Paraquat exposure significantly upregulates TLR3 expression in renal tissues, and activation of the TLR3 signaling pathway is an important contributor to paraquat nephrotoxicity. TLR3 activation exacerbates inflammation and cell apoptosis in renal tissues by activating NF-κB and caspase-8, thus promoting paraquat-induced acute renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Lianghong Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Tiegang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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Luo Y, Li X, Liu T, Cao Y, Zhang J, Yaseen A, Sun F, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Si CL, Hu W. Senkyunolide H protects against MPP +-induced apoptosis via the ROS-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in PC12 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:73-81. [PMID: 30579107 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Senkyunolide H (SNH) is a phthalide isolated from the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. that has been reported to have several pharmacological activities, including anti-atherosclerotic, antiproliferative, and cytoprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of SNH against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced oxidative stress. We demonstrated that SNH pretreatment significantly attenuated MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells. In addition, SNH attenuated the effect of MPP+ on the expression of the pro-apoptotic factors Bax and caspase-3. Meanwhile, SNH prevented oxidative stress by reducing reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane potential loss, cytochrome C release, and malondialdehyde levels while increasing antioxidant enzyme activity (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). In addition, SNH inhibited nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and phosphorylation p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Overall, this investigation provides novel evidence that SNH exerts neuroprotective effects via the ROS-mediated MAPK pathway and represents a potential preventive or therapeutic agent for neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 1 Huanghe West Road, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Tingwu Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Yufeng Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Aftab Yaseen
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fengting Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Wancai Zheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Yunyao Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China; Jing-Jin-Ji Joint Innovation Pharmaceutical (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chuan-Ling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Weicheng Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China.
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Rodrigues da Silva M, Schapochnik A, Peres Leal M, Esteves J, Bichels Hebeda C, Sandri S, Pavani C, Ratto Tempestini Horliana AC, Farsky SHP, Lino-dos-Santos-Franco A. Beneficial effects of ascorbic acid to treat lung fibrosis induced by paraquat. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205535. [PMID: 30395570 PMCID: PMC6218022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is one of the most widely employed herbicides that is used worldwide and it causes severe toxic effects in humans and animals. A PQ exposition can lead to pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and the mechanisms seem to be linked to oxidative stress, although other pathways have been suggested. Antioxidants can be useful as a therapy, although interventions with this kind of system are still controversial. Hence, this study has investigated the role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) post-treatment on PQ-induced PF in male C57/BL6 mice. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by a single PQ injection (10mg/kg; i.p.). The control group received a PQ vehicle. Seven days after the PQ or vehicle injections, the mice received vitamin C (150 mg/kg, ip, once a day) or the vehicle, over the following 7 days. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of vitamin C or the vehicle, the mice were euthanized and their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and their lungs were collected. The data obtained showed that vitamin C reduced the cellular recruitment, the secretion of IL-17 –a cytokine involved in neutrophils migration, TGF-β–a pro-fibrotic mediator and the collagen deposition. Moreover, vitamin C elevated the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels, both antioxidant enzymes, but it did not alter the tracheal contractile response that was evoked by methacholine. Therefore, the researchers have highlighted the mechanisms of vitamin C as being non-invasive and have suggested it as a promising tool to treat lung fibrosis when it is induced by a PQ intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Rodrigues da Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Schapochnik
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara Peres Leal
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janete Esteves
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Bichels Hebeda
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Sandri
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pavani
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Sandra H. P. Farsky
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lino-dos-Santos-Franco
- Post Graduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Xu Y, Sun D, Song C, Wang R, Dong X. MnTMPyP inhibits paraquat-induced pulmonary epithelial-like cell injury by inhibiting oxidative stress. J Toxicol Sci 2018; 43:545-555. [PMID: 30185695 DOI: 10.2131/jts.43.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of the superoxide dismutase mimic, manganese (III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin pentachloride (MnTMPyP), on paraquat (PQ)-induced lung alveolar epithelial-like cell injury. METHODS Lung alveolar epithelial-like cells (A549) were pretreated with 10 μM MnTMPyP for 1.5 hr and then cultured with or without PQ (750 uM) for 24 hr. Cell survival was determined using the MTT assay. Apoptosis, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and Ca2+ levels were measured using flow cytometry. Glutathione reductase activity (GR activity) and caspase-3 activation were determined using spectrophotometry. Expression of the apoptosis proteins, Bcl-2 and Bax, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, glucose regulatory protein 78 (Grp78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), was measured using Western blot analysis. RESULTS Cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, GR activity, and Bcl-2 expression were decreased, but apoptosis, ROS production, caspase-3 activity, cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, and Bax, Grp78 and CHOP expression were all increased in the PQ group compared to the control group. There were no statistically significant changes in the MnTMPyP group. Cell viability, GR activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and Bcl-2 protein expression were all increased, while apoptosis, ROS production, cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, caspase-3 activity, and Bax, Grp78 and CHOP expression were all significantly reduced in the MnTMPyP group compared to PQ group. CONCLUSION MnTMPyP effectively reduced PQ-induced lung epithelial-like cell injury, and the underlying mechanism is related to antagonism of PQ-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Xu
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Dazhuang Sun
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Chunqing Song
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital, China Medical University, China
| | - Xuesong Dong
- Department of Emergency, the First Hospital, China Medical University, China
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Zhang LC, Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang XM, Fan M, Zhao M. Protective effects of SOD2 overexpression in human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on lung injury induced by acute paraquat poisoning in rats. Life Sci 2018; 214:11-21. [PMID: 30321544 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the protective effects and mechanisms of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and overexpression of antioxidant gene SOD2 on lung injury by establishing a rat model of paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injury. MAIN METHODS The hUCMSCs cell line overexpressed SOD2 was established. After intraperitoneal injection of PQ solution (24 mg/kg) 3 h later, the different groups of hUCMSCs cell lines were injected through the tail veins of rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained to determine the protein level of inflammatory cytokines. Lung tissues were collected to test the wet/dry weight ratios (W/D), oxidative stress index and lung injury scores. Western blotting was used to detect SOD1, SOD2, HO-1, Nrf2, NF-κBp65 subunit, and cleaved caspase-3. KEY FINDINGS After treatment with cells built on the basis of hUCMSCs, the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-8, and ICAM-1 in BALF decreased, and meanwhile in lung tissues, MDA content was reduced, GSH-Px activity was elevated, and lung W/D ratio decreased. Additionally, protein expression of NF-κB p65 subunit and activated caspase-3 in lung tissues was down-regulated, whereas expression of SOD1, SOD2, HO-1, and Nrf-2 were up-regulated. The results of HE staining showed that lung injury was significantly alleviated in the hUCMSC treated group. It is noticeable that hUCMSCs and SOD2-overexpressed hUCMSCs effectively reduced PQ-induced lung injury in rats, and moreover, hUCMSCs overexpressed SOD2 were more effective compared with hUCMSCs only. SIGNIFICANCE Evaluation of the efficacy and analysis of mechanism in the treatment of PQ induced ALI by appliance of SOD2-overexpressed hUCMSCs will provide the proof from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Zhang
- Emergency Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Emergency Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Emergency Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- Eugenom Inc., Rm 310 No. 226 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Miao Fan
- Eugenom Inc., Rm 310 No. 226 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110001, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Emergency Department of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
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Onyango AN. Cellular Stresses and Stress Responses in the Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4321714. [PMID: 30116482 PMCID: PMC6079365 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4321714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR), a key component of the metabolic syndrome, precedes the development of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Its etiological pathways are not well defined, although many contributory mechanisms have been established. This article summarizes such mechanisms into the hypothesis that factors like nutrient overload, physical inactivity, hypoxia, psychological stress, and environmental pollutants induce a network of cellular stresses, stress responses, and stress response dysregulations that jointly inhibit insulin signaling in insulin target cells including endothelial cells, hepatocytes, myocytes, hypothalamic neurons, and adipocytes. The insulin resistance-inducing cellular stresses include oxidative, nitrosative, carbonyl/electrophilic, genotoxic, and endoplasmic reticulum stresses; the stress responses include the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the DNA damage response, the unfolded protein response, apoptosis, inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis, while the dysregulated responses include the heat shock response, autophagy, and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 signaling. Insulin target cells also produce metabolites that exacerbate cellular stress generation both locally and systemically, partly through recruitment and activation of myeloid cells which sustain a state of chronic inflammation. Thus, insulin resistance may be prevented or attenuated by multiple approaches targeting the different cellular stresses and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold N. Onyango
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi 00200, Kenya
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Han Y, Cho U, Kim S, Park IS, Cho JH, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Tumour microenvironment on mitochondrial dynamics and chemoresistance in cancer. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1271-1287. [PMID: 29607684 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1459594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, evolutionally acquired symbionts of eukaryotic cells, are essential cytoplasmic organelles. They are structurally dynamic organelles that continually go through fission and fusion processes in response to various stimuli. Tumour tissue is composed of not just cancer cells but also various cell types like fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem and immune cells. Mitochondrial dynamics of cancer cells has been shown to be significantly affected by features of tumour microenvironment such as hypoxia, inflammation and energy deprivation. The interactions of cancer cells with tumour microenvironment like hypoxia give rise to the inter- and intratumoural heterogeneity, causing chemoresistance. In this review, we will focus on the chemoresistance by tumoural heterogeneity in relation to mitochondrial dynamics of cancer cells. Recent findings in molecular mechanisms involved in the control of mitochondrial dynamics as well as the impact of mitochondrial dynamics on drug sensitivity in cancer are highlighted in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Han
- a Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Untack Cho
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soochi Kim
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - In Sil Park
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,e Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Cho
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- g Stephenson Cancer Center , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- a Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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48
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Mitochondrial network complexity emerges from fission/fusion dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:363. [PMID: 29321534 PMCID: PMC5762699 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial networks exhibit a variety of complex behaviors, including coordinated cell-wide oscillations of energy states as well as a phase transition (depolarization) in response to oxidative stress. Since functional and structural properties are often interwinded, here we characterized the structure of mitochondrial networks in mouse embryonic fibroblasts using network tools and percolation theory. Subsequently we perturbed the system either by promoting the fusion of mitochondrial segments or by inducing mitochondrial fission. Quantitative analysis of mitochondrial clusters revealed that structural parameters of healthy mitochondria laid in between the extremes of highly fragmented and completely fusioned networks. We confirmed our results by contrasting our empirical findings with the predictions of a recently described computational model of mitochondrial network emergence based on fission-fusion kinetics. Altogether these results offer not only an objective methodology to parametrize the complexity of this organelle but also support the idea that mitochondrial networks behave as critical systems and undergo structural phase transitions.
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