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Zhong Z, Wang Y, Feng Y, Xu Y, Zou P, Zhang Z, Jiang Y. Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Muscle Cells of Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys Crocea) Via Electrotransfection. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10126-024-10372-2. [PMID: 39249631 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a new type of pluripotent cells reprogrammed from somatic cells back into an embryonic-like pluripotent state of stem cells to study development, disease and potential gene therapies. The induction and regulation mechanisms of iPSCs in fish are still unclear. By using the transfection technique, we investigated the crucial function of the OSKMNL factor co-expression for somatic reprogramming in the muscle cell line of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (LYCMs) and successfully established a stable iPSCs line (Lc-OSNL-iPSCs). Stable culturing of iPSCs with high alkaline phosphatase activity and a stable karyotype was achieved. The qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence labeling results revealed that Lc-OSNL-iPSCs displayed a high expression level of pluripotent marker genes such as Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. There were significant differences between Lc-OSNL-iPSCs, Lc-OSKMNL-iPSCs, and LYCMs, and the expression of several genes in maintaining cell pluripotency was up-regulated when the pluripotency signal pathway of stem cells was activated. The technical system for inducing iPSCs of Larimichthys crocea was constructed in this study. This system can serve as a basic model to understand germ cell differentiation mechanism, gender control, genetics, and breeding of large yellow croaker and a platform for studying iPSCs in fish. Interestingly, the acquired iPSCs serves as a useful material for the directional induction of muscle stem cells, thereby establishing the groundwork for obtaining "artificial fish" in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yilei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquatic Science and Technology Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquatic Science and Technology Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marne Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Aquatic Science and Technology Education, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Zehorai E, Maor-Shoshani A, Molotski N, Dorojkin A, Marelly N, Dvash T, Lavon N. From fertilised oocyte to cultivated meat - harnessing bovine embryonic stem cells in the cultivated meat industry. Reprod Fertil Dev 2023; 36:124-132. [PMID: 38064188 DOI: 10.1071/rd23169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Global demand for animal protein is on the rise, but many practices common in conventional production are no longer scalable due to environmental impact, public health concerns, and fragility of food systems. For these reasons and more, a pressing need has arisen for sustainable, nutritious, and animal welfare-conscious sources of protein, spurring research dedicated to the production of cultivated meat. Meat mainly consists of muscle, fat, and connective tissue, all of which can be sourced and differentiated from pluripotent stem cells to resemble their nutritional values in muscle tissue. In this paper, we outline the approach that we took to derive bovine embryonic stem cell lines (bESCs) and to characterise them using FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting), real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining. We show their cell growth profile and genetic stability and demonstrate their induced differentiation to mesoderm committed cells. In addition, we discuss our strategy for preparation of master and working cell banks, by which we can expand and grow cells in suspension in quantities suitable for mass production. Consequently, we demonstrate the potential benefits of harnessing bESCs in the production of cultivated meat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tami Dvash
- Aleph Farms Ltd, Rehovot 7670401, Israel
| | - Neta Lavon
- Aleph Farms Ltd, Rehovot 7670401, Israel
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3
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Li S, Vazquez JM, Sudmant PH. The evolution of aging and lifespan. Trends Genet 2023; 39:830-843. [PMID: 37714733 PMCID: PMC11147682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a nearly inescapable trait among organisms yet lifespan varies tremendously across different species and spans several orders of magnitude in vertebrates alone. This vast phenotypic diversity is driven by distinct evolutionary trajectories and tradeoffs that are reflected in patterns of diversification and constraint in organismal genomes. Age-specific impacts of selection also shape allele frequencies in populations, thus impacting disease susceptibility and environment-specific mortality risk. Further, the mutational processes that spawn this genetic diversity in both germline and somatic cells are strongly influenced by age and life history. We discuss recent advances in our understanding of the evolution of aging and lifespan at organismal, population, and cellular scales, and highlight outstanding questions that remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. USA
| | - Juan Manuel Vazquez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter H Sudmant
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA. USA.
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4
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Bomkamp C, Musgrove L, Marques DMC, Fernando GF, Ferreira FC, Specht EA. Differentiation and Maturation of Muscle and Fat Cells in Cultivated Seafood: Lessons from Developmental Biology. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:1-29. [PMID: 36374393 PMCID: PMC9931865 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated meat, also known as cultured or cell-based meat, is meat produced directly from cultured animal cells rather than from a whole animal. Cultivated meat and seafood have been proposed as a means of mitigating the substantial harms associated with current production methods, including damage to the environment, antibiotic resistance, food security challenges, poor animal welfare, and-in the case of seafood-overfishing and ecological damage associated with fishing and aquaculture. Because biomedical tissue engineering research, from which cultivated meat draws a great deal of inspiration, has thus far been conducted almost exclusively in mammals, cultivated seafood suffers from a lack of established protocols for producing complex tissues in vitro. At the same time, fish such as the zebrafish Danio rerio have been widely used as model organisms in developmental biology. Therefore, many of the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of muscle, fat, and other relevant tissue are relatively well understood for this species. The same processes are understood to a lesser degree in aquatic invertebrates. This review discusses the differentiation and maturation of meat-relevant cell types in aquatic species and makes recommendations for future research aimed at recapitulating these processes to produce cultivated fish and shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bomkamp
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Lisa Musgrove
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland Australia
| | - Diana M. C. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo F. Fernando
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
| | - Frederico C. Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elizabeth A. Specht
- Department of Science & Technology, The Good Food Institute, Washington, DC USA
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Xu W, Fu W, Long M, Yuan X, Zhao K, Hu X, Liu J, Liu W, Peng L, Xiao Y. Rapid establishment of Oct4: EGFP transgenic zebrafish homozygote through gynogenesis for monitoring the pluripotency during induction of pluripotent stem cells. REPRODUCTION AND BREEDING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbre.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Sugii S, Wong CYQ, Lwin AKO, Chew LJM. Reassessment of adipocyte technology for cellular agriculture of alternative fat. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4146-4163. [PMID: 36018497 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Alternative proteins, such as cultivated meat, have recently attracted significant attention as novel and sustainable food. Fat tissue/cell is an important component of meat that makes organoleptic and nutritional contributions. Although adipocyte biology is relatively well investigated, there is limited focus on the specific techniques and strategies to produce cultivated fat from agricultural animals. In the assumed standard workflow, stem/progenitor cell lines are derived from tissues of animals, cultured for expansion, and differentiated into mature adipocytes. Here, we compile information from literature related to cell isolation, growth, differentiation, and analysis from bovine, porcine, chicken, other livestock, and seafood species. A diverse range of tissue sources, cell isolation methods, cell types, growth media, differentiation cocktails, and analytical methods for measuring adipogenic levels were used across species. Based on our analysis, we identify opportunities and challenges in advancing new technology era toward producing "alternative fat" that is suitable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sugii
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, Singapore.,Program of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yeh Qi Wong
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Angela Khin Oo Lwin
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Lamony Jian Ming Chew
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, Singapore
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7
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Bolton RL, Mooney A, Pettit MT, Bolton AE, Morgan L, Drake GJ, Appeltant R, Walker SL, Gillis JD, Hvilsom C. Resurrecting biodiversity: advanced assisted reproductive technologies and biobanking. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:R121-R146. [PMID: 35928671 PMCID: PMC9346332 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity is defined as the presence of a variety of living organisms on the Earth that is essential for human survival. However, anthropogenic activities are causing the sixth mass extinction, threatening even our own species. For many animals, dwindling numbers are becoming fragmented populations with low genetic diversity, threatening long-term species viability. With extinction rates 1000-10,000 times greater than natural, ex situ and in situ conservation programmes need additional support to save species. The indefinite storage of cryopreserved (-196°C) viable cells and tissues (cryobanking), followed by assisted or advanced assisted reproductive technology (ART: utilisation of oocytes and spermatozoa to generate offspring; aART: utilisation of somatic cell genetic material to generate offspring), may be the only hope for species' long-term survival. As such, cryobanking should be considered a necessity for all future conservation strategies. Following cryopreservation, ART/aART can be used to reinstate lost genetics back into a population, resurrecting biodiversity. However, for this to be successful, species-specific protocol optimisation and increased knowledge of basic biology for many taxa are required. Current ART/aART is primarily focused on mammalian taxa; however, this needs to be extended to all, including to some of the most endangered species: amphibians. Gamete, reproductive tissue and somatic cell cryobanking can fill the gap between losing genetic diversity today and future technological developments. This review explores species prioritisation for cryobanking and the successes and challenges of cryopreservation and multiple ARTs/aARTs. We here discuss the value of cryobanking before more species are lost and the potential of advanced reproductive technologies not only to halt but also to reverse biodiversity loss. Lay summary The world is undergoing its sixth mass extinction; however, unlike previous events, the latest is caused by human activities and is resulting in the largest loss of biodiversity (all living things on Earth) for 65 million years. With an extinction rate 1000-10,000-fold greater than natural, this catastrophic decline in biodiversity is threatening our own survival. As the number of individuals within a species declines, genetic diversity reduces, threatening their long-term existence. In this review, the authors summarise approaches to indefinitely preserve living cells and tissues at low temperatures (cryobanking) and the technologies required to resurrect biodiversity. In the future when appropriate techniques become available, these living samples can be thawed and used to reinstate genetic diversity and produce live young ones of endangered species, enabling their long-term survival. The successes and challenges of genome resource cryopreservation are discussed to enable a move towards a future of stable biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon L Bolton
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
| | | | - Matt T Pettit
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
- IMT International Limited, Tattenhall, Chester, UK
| | - Anthony E Bolton
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
| | - Lucy Morgan
- Gemini Genetics, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, UK
| | | | - Ruth Appeltant
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, Level 3, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan L Walker
- Nature’s SAFE, Chapel Field Stud, Ash Lane, Whitchurch, Shropshire, UK
- Chester Zoo, Upton-by-Chester, UK
| | - James D Gillis
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, Yulee, Florida, USA
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8
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Knežić T, Janjušević L, Djisalov M, Yodmuang S, Gadjanski I. Using Vertebrate Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cellular Agriculture, State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:699. [PMID: 35625626 PMCID: PMC9138761 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global food systems are under significant pressure to provide enough food, particularly protein-rich foods whose demand is on the rise in times of crisis and inflation, as presently existing due to post-COVID-19 pandemic effects and ongoing conflict in Ukraine and resulting in looming food insecurity, according to FAO. Cultivated meat (CM) and cultivated seafood (CS) are protein-rich alternatives for traditional meat and fish that are obtained via cellular agriculture (CA) i.e., tissue engineering for food applications. Stem and progenitor cells are the building blocks and starting point for any CA bioprocess. This review presents CA-relevant vertebrate cell types and procedures needed for their myogenic and adipogenic differentiation since muscle and fat tissue are the primary target tissues for CM/CS production. The review also describes existing challenges, such as a need for immortalized cell lines, or physical and biochemical parameters needed for enhanced meat/fat culture efficiency and ways to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Knežić
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Ljiljana Janjušević
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Mila Djisalov
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Supansa Yodmuang
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Ivana Gadjanski
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr. Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (T.K.); (L.J.); (M.D.)
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Li H, Xu W, Xiang S, Tao L, Fu W, Liu J, Liu W, Xiao Y, Peng L. Defining the Pluripotent Marker Genes for Identification of Teleost Fish Cell Pluripotency During Reprogramming. Front Genet 2022; 13:819682. [PMID: 35222539 PMCID: PMC8874021 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.819682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency is a transient state in early embryos, which is regulated by an interconnected network of pluripotency-related genes. The pluripotent state itself seems to be highly dynamic, which leads to significant differences in the description of induced pluripotent stem cells from different species at the molecular level. With the application of cell reprogramming technology in fish, the establishment of a set of molecular standards for defining pluripotency will be important for the research and potential application of induced pluripotent stem cells in fish. In this study, by BLAST search and expression pattern analysis, we screen out four pluripotent genes (Oct4, Nanog, Tdgf1, and Gdf3) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and crucian carp (Carassius). These genes were highly expressed in the short period of early embryonic development, but significantly down-regulated after differentiation. Moreover, three genes (Oct4, Nanog and Tdgf1) have been verified that are suitable for identifying the pluripotency of induced pluripotent stem cells in zebrafish and crucian carp. Our study expands the understanding of the pluripotent markers of induced pluripotent stem cells in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Leiting Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangyue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liangyue Peng,
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11
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Xu W, Li H, Peng L, Pu L, Xiang S, Li Y, Tao L, Liu W, Liu J, Xiao Y, Liu S. Fish Pluripotent Stem-Like Cell Line Induced by Small-Molecule Compounds From Caudal Fin and its Developmental Potentiality. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:817779. [PMID: 35127728 PMCID: PMC8811452 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.817779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The technique of induced pluripotent stem cells has significant application value in breeding and preserving the genetic integrity of fish species. However, it is still unclear whether the chemically induced pluripotent stem cells can be induced from non-mammalian cells or not. In this article, we first verify that fibroblasts of fish can be chemically reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells. These induced pluripotent stem-like cells possess features of colony morphology, expression of pluripotent marker genes, formation of embryoid bodies, teratoma formation, and the potential to differentiate into germ cell-like cells in vitro. Our findings will offer a new way to generate induced pluripotent stem cells in teleost fish and a unique opportunity to breed commercial fish and even save endangered fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huajin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangyue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liangyue Peng, ; Yamei Xiao, ; Shaojun Liu,
| | - Liyu Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Sijia Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Leiting Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liangyue Peng, ; Yamei Xiao, ; Shaojun Liu,
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Liangyue Peng, ; Yamei Xiao, ; Shaojun Liu,
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12
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Pou5f1 and Nanog Are Reliable Germ Cell-Specific Genes in Gonad of a Protogynous Hermaphroditic Fish, Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010079. [PMID: 35052423 PMCID: PMC8774525 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotency markers Pou5f1 and Nanog are core transcription factors regulating early embryonic development and maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of stem cells. Pou5f1 and Nanog also play important roles in germ cell development and gametogenesis. In this study, Pou5f1 (EcPou5f1) and Nanog (EcNanog) were cloned from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. The full-length cDNAs of EcPou5f1 and EcNanog were 2790 and 1820 bp, and encoded 475 and 432 amino acids, respectively. EcPou5f1 exhibited a specific expression in gonads, whereas EcNanog was expressed highly in gonads and weakly in some somatic tissues. In situ hybridization analyses showed that the mRNA signals of EcNanog and EcPou5f1 were exclusively restricted to germ cells in gonads. Likewise, immunohistofluorescence staining revealed that EcNanog protein was limited to germ cells. Moreover, both EcPou5f1 and EcNanog mRNAs were discovered to be co-localized with Vasa mRNA, a well-known germ cell maker, in male and female germ cells. These results implied that EcPou5f1 and EcNanog could be also regarded as reliable germ cell marker genes. Therefore, the findings of this study would pave the way for elucidating the mechanism whereby EcPou5f1 and EcNanog regulate germ cell development and gametogenesis in grouper fish, and even in other protogynous hermaphroditic species.
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Zilova L, Weinhardt V, Tavhelidse T, Schlagheck C, Thumberger T, Wittbrodt J. Fish primary embryonic pluripotent cells assemble into retinal tissue mirroring in vivo early eye development. eLife 2021; 10:e66998. [PMID: 34252023 PMCID: PMC8275126 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells promise the solution to current challenges in basic and biomedical research. Mammalian organoids are however limited by long developmental time, variable success, and lack of direct comparison to an in vivo reference. To overcome these limitations and address species-specific cellular organization, we derived organoids from rapidly developing teleosts. We demonstrate how primary embryonic pluripotent cells from medaka and zebrafish efficiently assemble into anterior neural structures, particularly retina. Within 4 days, blastula-stage cell aggregates reproducibly execute key steps of eye development: retinal specification, morphogenesis, and differentiation. The number of aggregated cells and genetic factors crucially impacted upon the concomitant morphological changes that were intriguingly reflecting the in vivo situation. High efficiency and rapid development of fish-derived organoids in combination with advanced genome editing techniques immediately allow addressing aspects of development and disease, and systematic probing of impact of the physical environment on morphogenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Zilova
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Venera Weinhardt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Tinatini Tavhelidse
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Christina Schlagheck
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Heidelberg International Biosciences Graduate School HBIGS and HeiKa Graduate School on “Functional Materials”HeidelbergGermany
| | - Thomas Thumberger
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Joachim Wittbrodt
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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14
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Puschhof J, Post Y, Beumer J, Kerkkamp HM, Bittenbinder M, Vonk FJ, Casewell NR, Richardson MK, Clevers H. Derivation of snake venom gland organoids for in vitro venom production. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1494-1510. [PMID: 33504990 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
More than 400,000 people each year suffer adverse effects following bites from venomous snakes. However, snake venom is also a rich source of bioactive molecules with known or potential therapeutic applications. Manually 'milking' snakes is the most common method to obtain venom. Safer alternative methods to produce venom would facilitate the production of both antivenom and novel therapeutics. This protocol describes the generation, maintenance and selected applications of snake venom gland organoids. Snake venom gland organoids are 3D culture models that can be derived within days from embryonic or adult venom gland tissues from several snake species and can be maintained long-term (we have cultured some organoids for more than 2 years). We have successfully used the protocol with glands from late-stage embryos and recently deceased adult snakes. The cellular heterogeneity of the venom gland is maintained in the organoids, and cell type composition can be controlled through changes in media composition. We describe in detail how to derive and grow the organoids, how to dissociate them into single cells, and how to cryopreserve and differentiate them into toxin-producing organoids. We also provide guidance on useful downstream assays, specifically quantitative real-time PCR, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and genetic engineering. This stepwise protocol can be performed in any laboratory with tissue culture equipment and enables studies of venom production, differentiation and cellular heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yorick Post
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Beumer
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Harald M Kerkkamp
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Animal Science and Health, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matyas Bittenbinder
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Freek J Vonk
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Centre for Snakebite Research & Interventions, Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael K Richardson
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Animal Science and Health, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. .,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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15
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Xu W, Mo Y, He Y, Fan Y, He G, Fu W, Chen S, Liu J, Liu W, Peng L, Xiao Y. A New Method for Chromosomes Preparation by ATP-Competitive Inhibitor SP600125 via Enhancement of Endomitosis in Fish. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:606496. [PMID: 33520960 PMCID: PMC7838586 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.606496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that 1,9-Pyrazoloanthrone, known as SP600125, can induce cell polyploidization. However, what is the phase of cell cycle arrest caused by SP600125 and the underlying regulation is still an interesting issue to be further addressed. Research in this article shows that SP600125 can block cell cycle progression at the prometaphase of mitosis and cause endomitosis. It is suggested that enhancement of the p53 signaling pathway and weakening of the spindle assembly checkpoint are associated with the SP600125-induced cell cycle arrest. Using preliminary SP600125 treatment, the samples of the cultured fish cells and the fish tissues display a great number of chromosome splitting phases. Summarily, SP600125 can provide a new protocol of chromosomes preparation for karyotype analysis owing to its interference with prometaphase of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanxiu Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Guomin He
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liangyue Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yamei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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