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Ji L, Chen C, Zhu J, Hong X, Liu X, Wei C, Zhu X, Li W. Integrated time-series biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses reveal key metabolites and signaling pathways in the liver of the Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376860. [PMID: 38799475 PMCID: PMC11116567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Aeromonas hydrophila, a bacterium widely distributed in the natural environment, causes multiple diseases in various animals. Exploring the mechanism of the host defense against A. hydrophila can help develop efficient strategies against Aeromonas infection. Methods Herein, we investigated the temporal influence of A. hydrophila on the Chinese soft-shelled turtle, an economically important species, at the biochemical, transcriptomic, and metabolomic levels. Plasma parameters were detected with the test kits. Transcriptome and metabolome were respectively applied to screen the differentially expressed genes and metabolites. Results The contents or activities of these plasma parameters were significantly increased at 24 hpi and declined at 96 hpi, indicating that 24 and 96 hpi were two important time points during infection. Totals of 3121 and 274 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the transcriptome while 74 and 91 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) from the metabolome were detected at 24 and 96 hpi. The top DEGs at 24 hpi included Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, Il1β, Il6, Il7, Il15, Tnf, and Tnfr1 while Zap70, Cd3g, Cd8a, Itk, Pik3r3, Cd247, Malt1, and Cd4 were the most abundant at 96 hpi. The predominant DAMs included O-phospho-L-serine, γ-Aminobutyric acid, orotate, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan at 24 hpi, as well as L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and citric acid at 96 hpi. Discussion The combined analysis of DEGs and DAMs revealed that tryptophan metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, as well as starch and sucrose metabolism, were the most important signaling pathways at the early infective stage while tyrosine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism were the most crucial pathways at the later stage. In general, our results indicated that the Chinese soft-shelled turtle displays stage-specific physiological responses to resist A. hydrophila infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xinping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu MT, Zhang Y, Xiang CG, Yang T, Wang XH, Lu QK, Lu HM, Fan C, Feng CL, Yang XQ, Zou DW, Li H, Tang W. Methionine-choline deficient diet deteriorates DSS-induced murine colitis through disturbance of gut microbes and infiltration of macrophages. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01291-y. [PMID: 38684800 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with changed dietary habits and mainly linked with the gut microbiota dysbiosis, necroptosis of epithelial cells, and mucosal ulcerations. Liver dysfunction and abnormal level of liver metabolism indices were identified in UC patients, suggesting a close interaction between gut and liver disorders. Methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) has been shown to induce persistent alterations of gut microbiota and metabolome during hepatitis. In this study we further explored the disease phenotypes in UC patients and investigated whether MCD functioned as a trigger for UC susceptibility. After assessing 88 serum specimens from UC patients, we found significant liver dysfunction and dyslipidemia including abnormal ALT, AST, TG, TC, LDL-c and HDL-c. Liver dysfunction and dyslipidemia were confirmed in DSS-induced colitis mice. We fed mice with MCD for 14 days to cause mild liver damage, and then treated with DSS for 7 days. We found that MCD intake significantly exacerbated the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation in DSS-induced acute, progressive, and chronic colitis, referring to promotion of mucosal ulcers, colon shortening, diarrhea, inflammatory immune cell infiltration, cytokines release, and abnormal activation of inflammatory macrophages in colon and liver specimens. Intraperitoneal injection of clodronate liposomes to globally delete macrophages dramatically compromised the pathogenesis of MCD-triggering colitis. In addition, MCD intake markedly changed the production pattern of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in murine stools, colons, and livers. We demonstrated that MCD-induced colitis pathogenesis largely depended on the gut microbes and the disease phenotypes could be transmissible through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). In conclusion, this study supports the concept that intake of MCD predisposes to experimental colitis and enhances its pathogenesis via modulating gut microbes and macrophages in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Cai-Gui Xiang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Han Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiu-Kai Lu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui-Min Lu
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chun-Lan Feng
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Yang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Duo-Wu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation and Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Ai Z, Liu S, Zhang J, Hu Y, Tang P, Cui L, Wang X, Zou H, Li X, Liu J, Nan B, Wang Y. Ginseng Glucosyl Oleanolate from Ginsenoside Ro, Exhibited Anti-Liver Cancer Activities via MAPKs and Gut Microbiota In Vitro/Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7845-7860. [PMID: 38501913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Ginseng is widely recognized for its diverse health benefits and serves as a functional food ingredient with global popularity. Ginsenosides with a broad range of pharmacological effects are the most crucial active ingredients in ginseng. This study aimed to derive ginseng glucosyl oleanolate (GGO) from ginsenoside Ro through enzymatic conversion and evaluate its impact on liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. GGO exhibited concentration-dependent HepG2 cell death and markedly inhibited cell proliferation via the MAPK signaling pathway. It also attenuated tumor growth in immunocompromised mice undergoing heterograft transplantation. Furthermore, GGO intervention caused a modulation of gut microbiota composition by specific bacterial populations, including Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Enterococcus, etc., and ameliorated SCFA metabolism and colonic inflammation. These findings offer promising evidence for the potential use of GGO as a natural functional food ingredient in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junshun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ping Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Linlin Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongyang Zou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Wang X, Deng K, Zhang P, Chen Q, Magnuson JT, Qiu W, Zhou Y. Microplastic-mediated new mechanism of liver damage: From the perspective of the gut-liver axis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170962. [PMID: 38360312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are environmental contaminants that are present in all environments and can enter the human body, accumulate in various organs, and cause harm through the ingestion of food, inhalation, and dermal contact. The connection between bowel and liver disease and the interplay between gut, liver, and flora has been conceptualized as the "gut-liver axis". Microplastics can alter the structure of microbial communities in the gut and the liver can also be a target for microplastic invasion. Numerous studies have found that when MPs impair human health, they not only promote dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disruption of the gut barrier but also cause liver damage. For this reason, the gut-liver axis provides a new perspective in understanding this toxic response. The cross-talk between MPs and the gut-liver axis has attracted the attention of the scientific community, but knowledge about whether MPs cause gut-liver interactions through the gut-liver axis is still very limited, and the effect of MPs on liver injury is not well understood. MPs can directly induce microbiota disorders and gut barrier dysfunction. As a result, harmful bacteria and metabolites in the gut enter the blood through the weak intestinal barrier (portal vein channel along the gut-liver axis) and reach the liver, causing liver damage (inflammatory damage, metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, etc.). This review provides an integrated perspective of the gut-liver axis to help conceptualize the mechanisms by which MP exposure induces gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic injury and highlights the connection between MPs and the gut-liver axis. Therefore, from the perspective of the gut-liver axis, targeting intestinal flora is an important way to eliminate microplastic liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Kaili Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Hospital, Ningbo 315336, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuping Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Ningbo Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine Research on Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ningbo 315020, China; Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
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Gao T, Wang S, Zhu Z, Lin L, Luo Y, Lu M, Liao W. Components from Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Against Hepatobiliary Diseases Based on Gut-Liver Axis: Pharmacotherapeutic Properties and Potential Clinical Applications. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:387-415. [PMID: 38490808 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Turmeric is widely used worldwide, and there are many examples of its use in treating hepatobiliary diseases. The gut-liver axis is a bidirectional relationship between gut microorganisms and the liver that is closely related to the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary diseases. This review systematically summarizes the components of turmeric. It links the studies on turmeric affecting gut microorganisms to its effects on liver and biliary diseases to explain the potential mechanism of turmeric's regulation of the gut-liver axis. Besides, ethnopharmacology, phytochemicals, and clinical adverse events associated with turmeric have been researched. Furthermore, turmeric is a safe agent with good clinical efficacy and without apparent toxicity at a certain amount. By summarizing the influence of turmeric on the liver by regulating the gut-liver axis, especially the gut microbiota, it provides a preclinical basis for using turmeric as a safe and effective therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of hepatobiliary diseases based on the gut-liver axis. However, more efforts should be made to exploit its clinical application further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/ School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/ School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Zongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/ School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Liting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/ School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yirong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/ School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Meigui Lu
- Huachiew TCM Hospital, Bangkok 10100, Thailand
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy/ School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
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Santiago MSA, Avellar MCW, Perobelli JE. Could the gut microbiota be capable of making individuals more or less susceptible to environmental toxicants? Toxicology 2024; 503:153751. [PMID: 38354972 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Environmental toxicants are chemical substances capable to impair environmental quality and exert adverse effects on humans and other animals. The main routes of exposure to these pollutants are through the respiratory tract, skin, and oral ingestion. When ingested orally, they will encounter trillions of microorganisms that live in a community - the gut microbiota (GM). While pollutants can disrupt the GM balance, GM plays an essential role in the metabolism and bioavailability of these chemical compounds. Under physiological conditions, strategies used by the GM for metabolism and/or excretion of xenobiotics include reductive and hydrolytic transformations, lyase and functional group transfer reactions, and enzyme-mediated functional transformations. Simultaneously, the host performs metabolic processes based mainly on conjugation, oxidation, and hydrolysis reactions. Thus, due to the broad variety of bacterial enzymes present in GM, the repertoire of microbial transformations of chemicals is considered a key component of the machinery involved in the metabolism of pollutants in humans and other mammals. Among pollutants, metals deserve special attention once contamination by metals is a worldwide problem, and their adverse effects can be observed even at very low concentrations due to their toxic properties. In this review, bidirectional interaction between lead, arsenic, cadmium, and mercury and the host organism and its GM will be discussed given the most recent literature, presenting an analysis of the ability of GM to alter the host organism's susceptibility to the toxic effects of heavy metals, as well as evaluating the extent to which interventions targeting the microbiota could be potential initiatives to mitigate the adverse effects resulting from poisoning by heavy metals. This study is the first to highlight the overlap between some of the bacteria found to be altered by metal exposure and the bacteria that also aid the host organism in the metabolism of these metals. This could be a key factor to determine the beneficial species able to minimize the toxicity of metals in future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella S A Santiago
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Maria Christina W Avellar
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Três de Maio, 100, São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Juliana E Perobelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Toxicology - LATOEX, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Carvalho de Mendonça, 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil.
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Kwon SJ, Khan MS, Kim SG. Intestinal Inflammation and Regeneration-Interdigitating Processes Controlled by Dietary Lipids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1311. [PMID: 38279309 PMCID: PMC10816399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a disease of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestinal tract due to disturbance of the inflammation and immune system. Symptoms of IBD include abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding, reduced weight, and fatigue. In IBD, the immune system attacks the intestinal tract's inner wall, causing chronic inflammation and tissue damage. In particular, interlukin-6 and interlukin-17 act on immune cells, including T cells and macrophages, to amplify the immune responses so that tissue damage and morphological changes occur. Of note, excessive calorie intake and obesity also affect the immune system due to inflammation caused by lipotoxicity and changes in lipids supply. Similarly, individuals with IBD have alterations in liver function after sustained high-fat diet feeding. In addition, excess dietary fat intake, along with alterations in primary and secondary bile acids in the colon, can affect the onset and progression of IBD because inflammatory cytokines contribute to insulin resistance; the factors include the release of inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and changes in intestinal microflora, which may also contribute to disease progression. However, interfering with de novo fatty acid synthase by deleting the enzyme acetyl-CoA-carboxylase 1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) leads to the deficiency of epithelial crypt structures and tissue regeneration, which seems to be due to Lgr5+ intestinal stem cell function. Thus, conflicting reports exist regarding high-fat diet effects on IBD animal models. This review will focus on the pathological basis of the link between dietary lipids intake and IBD and will cover the currently available pharmacological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang Geon Kim
- Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; (S.J.K.); (M.S.K.)
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Zhou Q, Meng Q. Insights into the Microbial Composition of Intratumoral, Reproductive Tract, and Gut Microbiota in Ovarian Cancer Patients. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1452:107-118. [PMID: 38805127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58311-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
According to the latest global cancer data, ovarian cancer is the deadliest among all gynecological malignant tumors and ranks fifth in terms of mortality. Its etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced ovarian cancer is only 40% (Sung et al. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209-49, 2021). Recent research has shown that the human microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of tumors, including ovarian cancer. Numerous studies have highlighted the complex connections between the reproductive tract microbiota, intestinal microbiota, and ovarian cancer (Jacobson et al. PeerJ 9:e11574, 2021). Therefore, this chapter will delve into composition, function, and the correlation between microbiota and immunity in the field of ovarian cancer microbiota, as well as the potential of bacteria in therapeutics and diagnostics of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qingren Meng
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Oh KK, Gupta H, Ganesan R, Sharma SP, Won SM, Jeong JJ, Lee SB, Cha MG, Kwon GH, Jeong MK, Min BH, Hyun JY, Eom JA, Park HJ, Yoon SJ, Choi MR, Kim DJ, Suk KT. The seamless integration of dietary plant-derived natural flavonoids and gut microbiota may ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a network pharmacology analysis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:217-232. [PMID: 37129458 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2203734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We comprised metabolites of gut microbiota (GM; endogenous species) and dietary plant-derived natural flavonoids (DPDNFs; exogenous species) were known as potent effectors against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) via network pharmacology (NP). The crucial targets against NAFLD were identified via GM and DPDNFs. The protein interaction (PPI), bubble chart and networks of GM or natural products- metabolites-targets-key signalling (GNMTK) pathway were described via R Package. Furthermore, the molecular docking test (MDT) to verify the affinity was performed between metabolite(s) and target(s) on a key signalling pathway. On the networks of GNMTK, Enterococcus sp. 45, Escherichia sp.12, Escherichia sp.33 and Bacterium MRG-PMF-1 as key microbiota; flavonoid-rich products as key natural resources; luteolin and myricetin as key metabolites (or dietary flavonoids); AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1 (AKT1), CF Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) and PhosphoInositide-3-Kinase, Regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) as key targets are promising components to treat NAFLD, by suppressing cyclic Adenosine MonoPhosphate (cAMP) signalling pathway. This study shows that components (microbiota, metabolites, targets and a key signalling pathway) and DPDNFs can exert combinatorial pharmacological effects against NAFLD. Overall, the integrated pharmacological approach sheds light on the relationships between GM and DPDNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Kwang Oh
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Haripriya Gupta
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Satya Priya Sharma
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Min Won
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Jeong
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Su-Been Lee
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Gi Cha
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Goo-Hyun Kwon
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Min-Kyo Jeong
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyun Min
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Hyun
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jung-A Eom
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Park
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Yoon
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Choi
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Suk
- Center for Microbiome, Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University Medical Center, Chuncheon, Korea
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Sun A, Liu H, Sun M, Yang W, Liu J, Lin Y, Shi X, Sun J, Liu L. Emerging nanotherapeutic strategies targeting gut-X axis against diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115577. [PMID: 37757494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota can coordinate with different tissues and organs to maintain human health, which derives the concept of the gut-X axis. Conversely, the dysbiosis of gut microbiota leads to the occurrence and development of various diseases, such as neurological diseases, liver diseases, and even cancers. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota offers new opportunities in the field of medicines. Antibiotics, probiotics or other treatments might restore unbalanced gut microbiota, which effects do not match what people have expected. Recently, nanomedicines with the high targeting ability and reduced toxicity make them an appreciative choice for relieving disease through targeting gut-X axis. Considering this paradigm-setting trend, the current review summarizes the advancements in gut microbiota and its related nanomedicines. Specifically, this article introduces the immunological effects of gut microbiota, summarizes the gut-X axis-associated diseases, and highlights the nanotherapeutics-mediated treatment via remolding the gut-X axis. Moreover, this review also discusses the challenges in studies related to nanomedicines targeting the gut microbiota and offers the future perspective, thereby aiming at charting a course toward clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengchi Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Xu J, Tian H, Ji Y, Dong L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao X, Shi H, Li H, Yang L. Urolithin C reveals anti-NAFLD potential via AMPK-ferroptosis axis and modulating gut microbiota. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2687-2699. [PMID: 37126194 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02492-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacology of urolithin C (UroC) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely undetermined. We sought to investigate the potential for NAFLD improvement by administration of UroC and the underlying mechanisms. We verified the therapeutic effect of UroC on choline-deficient amino acid-defined high fat diet (CDAHFD) induced NAFLD mice via evaluating NAFLD activity score (NAS), AST, ALT, hepatic phosphorylated AMPK, and 4-hydroxynonenal. Oleic acid-induced AML12 cell was appraised by oil red staining and western blotting to explore the effect and mechanism of UroC in vitro. Transcriptional regulation of UroC was explored by liver RNA sequencing, gut microbiota composition was explored by 16SrRNA sequencing, and colorectal tight junctional proteins were detected by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The detrimental effects of CDAHFD included the increased liver index, AST, ALT, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal, impaired intestinal mucosal barrier, and most importantly, pathological damage in liver. Oral administration of UroC largely protected against these harmful alterations. Remarkably, both RNA sequencing and western blotting results indicated an activation in hepatic AMPK signaling pathway which was thought to inhibit ferroptosis response to UroC in vivo, while no change were found in AMPK-ferroptosis axis response to UroC in oleic acid-induced AML12 cells, hinted an indispensable linkage between UroC and hepatic AMPK, presumably the gut-liver axis. Furthermore, UroC could neither alleviate lipid deposition nor inhibit ferroptosis in vitro. The 16SrRNA showed UroC partially counteracted the dysbiosis induced by CDAHFD. Specifically, UroC reversed the elevated proportion of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota and enhanced the level of Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Lactobacillus vaginalis, which played a beneficial role in metabolic disorders. Oral administration of Urolithin C protected against the detrimental impact of CDAHFD via regulating AMPK-ferroptosis axis, maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier and counteracting gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Hongyang Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
- Minhang District Shenxin Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 201108, China
| | - Yajun Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
- Huamu Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yandong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, 201399, China
| | - Yatao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xuefen Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Longbao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Baima G, Ribaldone DG, Romano F, Aimetti M, Romandini M. The Gum-Gut Axis: Periodontitis and the Risk of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4594. [PMID: 37760563 PMCID: PMC10526746 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis has been linked to an increased risk of various chronic non-communicable diseases, including gastrointestinal cancers. Indeed, dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and immune-inflammatory pathways related to periodontitis may impact the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs through the so-called "gum-gut axis". In addition to the hematogenous spread of periodontal pathogens and inflammatory cytokines, recent research suggests that oral pathobionts may translocate to the gastrointestinal tract through saliva, possibly impacting neoplastic processes in the gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic systems. The exact mechanisms by which oral pathogens contribute to the development of digestive tract cancers are not fully understood but may involve dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, chronic inflammation, and immune modulation/evasion, mainly through the interaction with T-helper and monocytic cells. Specifically, keystone periodontal pathogens, including Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, are known to interact with the molecular hallmarks of gastrointestinal cancers, inducing genomic mutations, and promote a permissive immune microenvironment by impairing anti-tumor checkpoints. The evidence gathered here suggests a possible role of periodontitis and oral dysbiosis in the carcinogenesis of the enteral tract. The "gum-gut axis" may therefore represent a promising target for the development of strategies for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy; (G.B.); (F.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mario Romandini
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
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Wang M, Qin Y, Liu Y, Yang H, Wang J, Ru S, Cui P. Short-term exposure to enrofloxacin causes hepatic metabolism disorder associated with intestinal flora dysbiosis in adult marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:114966. [PMID: 37178644 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin (ENR) is a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is frequently detected in the environment. Our study assessed the impact of short-term ENR exposure on the intestinal and liver health of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) using gut metagenomic shotgun sequencing and liver metabolomics. We found that ENR exposure resulted in imbalances of Vibrio and Flavobacteria and enrichments of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Additionally, we found a potential link between the host's response to ENR exposure and the intestinal microbiota disorder. Liver metabolites, including phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, taurocholic acid, and cholic acid, in addition to several metabolic pathways in the liver that are closely linked to the imbalance of intestinal flora were severely maladjusted. These findings suggest that ENR exposure has the potential to negatively affect the gut-liver axis as the primary toxicological mechanism. Our findings provide evidence regarding the negative physiological impacts of antibiotics on marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiru Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Qin
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Ojha S, Patil N, Jain M, Kole C, Kaushik P. Probiotics for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systemic Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041083. [PMID: 37110506 PMCID: PMC10140855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (ND) are a group of conditions that affect the neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to their degeneration and eventually causing the loss of function in the affected areas. These disorders can be caused by a range of factors, including genetics, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices. Major pathological signs of these diseases are protein misfolding, proteosomal dysfunction, aggregation, inadequate degradation, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired bioenergetics, DNA damage, fragmentation of Golgi apparatus neurons, disruption of axonal transport, dysfunction of neurotrophins (NTFs), neuroinflammatory or neuroimmune processes, and neurohumoral symptoms. According to recent studies, defects or imbalances in gut microbiota can directly lead to neurological disorders through the gut-brain axis. Probiotics in ND are recommended to prevent cognitive dysfunction, which is a major symptom of these diseases. Many in vivo and clinical trials have revealed that probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Lactobacillus casei, etc.) are effective candidates against the progression of ND. It has been proven that the inflammatory process and oxidative stress can be modulated by modifying the gut microbiota with the help of probiotics. As a result, this study provides an overview of the available data, bacterial variety, gut-brain axis defects, and probiotics' mode of action in averting ND. A literature search on particular sites, including PubMed, Nature, and Springer Link, has identified articles that might be pertinent to this subject. The search contains the following few groups of terms: (1) Neurodegenerative disorders and Probiotics OR (2) Probiotics and Neurodegenerative disorders. The outcomes of this study aid in elucidating the relationship between the effects of probiotics on different neurodegenerative disorders. This systematic review will assist in discovering new treatments in the future, as probiotics are generally safe and cause mild side effects in some cases in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Ojha
- Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Nil Patil
- Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Cell & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | | | - Prashant Kaushik
- Instituto de Conservacióny Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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15
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Elbeltagi R, Al-Beltagi M, Saeed NK, Bediwy AS, Toema O. May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses? World J Hepatol 2023; 15:364-376. [PMID: 37034240 PMCID: PMC10075009 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i3.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing number of reported cases of acute hepatitis of unknown origin in previously healthy children since first reported on March 31, 2022. This clinical syndrome is identified by jaundice and markedly elevated liver enzymes with increased aspartate transaminase and/or alanine aminotransaminase (greater than 500 IU/L). We conducted an inclusive literature review with respect to acute hepatitis outbreaks in children using the search terms acute hepatitis, outbreak, children, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and adenovirus. According to the cumulative data presented in four main studies, the median age is 4 years, with a male predominance (1.3:1). Jaundice was the most common clinical manifestation (69%), followed by vomiting (63%), anorexia (52.9%), diarrhea (47.2%), abdominal pain (39%), pyrexia (33.3%), pale stool (30%), and dark urine (30%). Coryza and lethargy were reported in 16.6%, while pruritus was reported in 2% of cases. Acute liver failure was observed in 25% of cases. The exact mechanism of this acute hepatitis outbreak is still not entirely clear. Adenoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 were detected in a significant number of patients. Coinfection with adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 could be a possible underlying mechanism. However, other possible infections and mechanisms must be considered in the pathogenesis of this condition. Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children has been a serious problem since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic but has not yet been sufficiently addressed. Many questions remain regarding the underlying mechanisms leading to acute liver failure in children, and it is likely that extensive future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Elbeltagi
- Department of Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busiateen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Al Gharbia, Egypt
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Department of Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Bahrain, Busaiteen 15503, Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Al Gharbia, Egypt
- Department of Chest Diseases, University Medical Center, King Abdulla Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Osama Toema
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Al Gharbia, Egypt
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16
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Wang J, Sun Z, Xie J, Ji W, Cui Y, Ai Z, Liang G. Inflammasome and pyroptosis in autoimmune liver diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1150879. [PMID: 36969233 PMCID: PMC10030845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1150879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) are the four main forms of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), which are all defined by an aberrant immune system attack on the liver. Most previous studies have shown that apoptosis and necrosis are the two major modes of hepatocyte death in AILDs. Recent studies have reported that inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis is critical for the inflammatory response and severity of liver injury in AILDs. This review summarizes our present understanding of inflammasome activation and function, as well as the connections among inflammasomes, pyroptosis, and AILDs, thus highlighting the shared features across the four disease models and gaps in our knowledge. In addition, we summarize the correlation among NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the liver-gut axis, liver injury, and intestinal barrier disruption in PBC and PSC. We summarize the differences in microbial and metabolic characteristics between PSC and IgG4-SC, and highlight the uniqueness of IgG4-SC. We explore the different roles of NLRP3 in acute and chronic cholestatic liver injury, as well as the complex and controversial crosstalk between various types of cell death in AILDs. We also discuss the most up-to-date developments in inflammasome- and pyroptosis-targeted medicines for autoimmune liver disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Wang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jingri Xie
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wanli Ji
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Cui
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zongxiong Ai
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Guoying Liang, ; Zongxiong Ai,
| | - Guoying Liang
- Department of Liver, Spleen and Stomach Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Guoying Liang, ; Zongxiong Ai,
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17
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Yuan C, Fan J, Jiang L, Ye W, Chen Z, Wu W, Huang Q, Qian L. Integrated Analysis of Gut Microbiome and Liver Metabolome to Evaluate the Effects of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051149. [PMID: 36904149 PMCID: PMC10005546 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) refers to the occurrence of massive hepatocyte necrosis in a short time, with multiple complications, including inflammatory response, hepatic encephalopathy, and multiple organ failure. Additionally, effective therapies for ALF are lacking. There exists a relationship between the human intestinal microbiota and liver, so intestinal microbiota modulation may be a strategy for therapy of hepatic diseases. In previous studies, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from fit donors has been used to modulate intestinal microbiota widely. Here, we established a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-gal) induced ALF to explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of FMT, and its mechanism of action. We found that FMT decreased hepatic aminotransferase activity and serum total bilirubin levels, and decreased hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS/D-gal challenged mice (p < 0.05). Moreover, FMT gavage ameliorated LPS/D-gal induced liver apoptosis and markedly reduced cleaved caspase-3 levels, and improved histopathological features of the liver. FMT gavage also restored LPS/D-gal-evoked gut microbiota dysbiosis by modifying the colonic microbial composition, improving the abundance of unclassified_o_Bacteroidales (p < 0.001), norank_f_Muribaculaceae (p < 0.001), and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 (p < 0.001), while reducing that of Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis revealed that FMT significantly altered LPS/D-gal induced disordered liver metabolites. Pearson's correlation revealed strong correlations between microbiota composition and liver metabolites. Our findings suggest that FMT ameliorate ALF by modulating gut microbiota and liver metabolism, and can used as a potential preventive and therapeutic strategy for ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinghui Fan
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenxin Ye
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Wenzi Wu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qixin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lichun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-88982171
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18
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Liu S, Yang X. Intestinal flora plays a role in the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1140126. [PMID: 36968098 PMCID: PMC10034054 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1140126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolism and detoxification organ of human body, which is involved in the biotransformation and metabolism of the organism. Hepatitis - cirrhosis - liver cancer are significant and common part of liver diseases. The pathogenesis of liver diseases is generally as followed: inflammation and other pathogenic factors cause persistent damage to the liver, leading to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Patients with chronic hepatitis have a high risk of developing into liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even life-threatening liver cancer, which poses a great threat to public health.As the first organ to come into contact with blood from the gut, the liver is profoundly affected by the intestinal flora and its metabolites, with leaky gut and flora imbalance being the triggers of the liver's pathological response. So far, no one has reviewed the role of intestinal flora in this process from the perspective of the progression of hepatitis-cirrhosis-liver cancer and this article reviews the evidence supporting the effect of intestinal flora in the progression of liver disease.
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19
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Muñoz L, Caparrós E, Albillos A, Francés R. The shaping of gut immunity in cirrhosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1139554. [PMID: 37122743 PMCID: PMC10141304 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1139554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the common end-stage of chronic liver diseases of different etiology. The altered bile acids metabolism in the cirrhotic liver and the increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability, along with the progressive dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, contribute to gut immunity changes, from compromised antimicrobial host defense to pro-inflammatory adaptive responses. In turn, these changes elicit a disruption in the epithelial and gut vascular barriers, promoting the increased access of potential pathogenic microbial antigens to portal circulation, further aggravating liver disease. After summarizing the key aspects of gut immunity during homeostasis, this review is intended to update the contribution of liver and brain metabolites in shaping the intestinal immune status and, in turn, to understand how the loss of homeostasis in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, as present in cirrhosis, cooperates in the advanced chronic liver disease progression. Finally, several therapeutic approaches targeting the intestinal homeostasis in cirrhosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Caparrós
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Departamento Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustín Albillos
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Agustín Albillos, ; Rubén Frances,
| | - Rubén Francés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Inmunobiología Hepática e Intestinal, Departamento Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnologiía Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
- *Correspondence: Agustín Albillos, ; Rubén Frances,
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Yang X, Yu H, Wei J, Wei Q, Huang H, Chen J, Li J, Yu S. The protective effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum supplementation on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2022; 37:e370904. [PMID: 36515313 DOI: 10.1590/acb370904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of oral administration of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut flora in rats with hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI). METHODS The rats from C. butyricum group were given C. butyricum for 5 days. Then, hepatic ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 6 h were performed in all the rats. After the animals were sacrificed, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbiota composition in feces, and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-κBp65) and histological analysis in the liver were performed. RESULTS The rats given C. butyricum showed decreased ALT, AST, LPS, and MDA; improved GSH and histological damage; changes in SCFAs; declined TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4, and pNF-κBp65/NF-κBp65; and changes in the gut microbial composition, which decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased the relative abundance (RA) of probiotics. CONCLUSIONS C. butyricum supplementation protected against HIRI by regulating gut microbial composition, which contributed to the decreased LPS and attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. These indicate C. butyricum may be a potent clinical preoperative dietary supplement for HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- Undergraduate student. School of Clinical Medicine - Central South University - Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yu
- MSc. Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine - The Affiliated Ruikang Hospital - Nanning, China
| | - Jingli Wei
- MSc. Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine - The Affiliated Ruikang Hospital - Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Wei
- MSc. Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine - The Affiliated Ruikang Hospital - Nanning, China
| | - Hui Huang
- MSc. Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine - The Affiliated Ruikang Hospital - Nanning, China
| | - Jing Chen
- MSc. Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine - The Affiliated Ruikang Hospital - Nanning, China
| | - Jianzhe Li
- PhD. Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine - The Affiliated Ruikang Hospital - Nanning, China
| | - Shuyi Yu
- PhD. Central South University - Advanced Research Centre - Changsha, China
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21
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Xu MY, Guo CC, Li MY, Lou YH, Chen ZR, Liu BW, Lan L. Brain-gut-liver axis: Chronic psychological stress promotes liver injury and fibrosis via gut in rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1040749. [PMID: 36579341 PMCID: PMC9791198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of chronic psychological stress on hepatitis and liver fibrosis is concerned. However, its mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the effect and mechanism of chronic psychological stress in promoting liver injury and fibrosis through gut. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups. Rat models of chronic psychological stress (4 weeks) and liver fibrosis (8 weeks) were established. The diversity of gut microbiota in intestinal feces, permeability of intestinal mucosa, pathologies of intestinal and liver tissues, collagen fibers, protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-κβ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in liver tissue, liver function and coagulation function in blood and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in portal vein blood were detected and analyzed. Results The diversities and abundances of gut microbiota were significant differences in rats among each group. The pathological lesions of intestinal and liver tissues, decreased expression of occludin protein in intestinal mucosa, deposition of collagen fibers and increased protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-κβ, TNF-α and IL-1 in liver tissue, increased LPS level in portal vein blood, and abnormalities of liver function and coagulation function, were observed in rats exposed to chronic psychological stress or liver fibrosis. There were significant differences with normal rats. When the dual intervention factors of chronic psychological stress and liver fibrosis were superimposed, the above indicators were further aggravated. Conclusion Chronic psychological stress promotes liver injury and fibrosis, depending on changes in the diversity of gut microbiota and increased intestinal permeability caused by psychological stress, LPS that enters liver and acts on TLR4, and active LPS-TLR4 pathway depend on MyD88. It demonstrates the possibility of existence of brain-gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Can-Can Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jining No.1 People′s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Meng-Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu-Han Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Ran Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo-Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People’s Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ling Lan,
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22
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Meneghel P, Pinto E, Russo FP. Physiopathology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from diet to nutrigenomics. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2022; 25:329-333. [PMID: 35920204 PMCID: PMC10878452 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is strongly associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, to the extent that a new definition of metabolic associated fatty liver disease has been proposed. RECENT FINDINGS Insulin resistance, worsened by a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet, is the key to the physiopathology of hepatic steatosis. This is driven by several mechanisms that are mostly activated at a genetic level, such as de-novo lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis. Therefore, many diet regimens have been studied, although significant controversies remain regarding their metabolic effects and long-term sustainability. SUMMARY In this review, we summarized the role and effects of the main macronutrients on the development of NAFLD and discussed the molecular mechanisms involved. We also discussed the importance of genetic polymorphisms, epigenetic alterations, and dysbiosis to determine if lifestyle modification and a specific dietary regimen could be an essential part of NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Meneghel
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital Padua, Padova, Italy
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23
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Freuchet A, Salama A, Bézie S, Tesson L, Rémy S, Humeau R, Règue H, Sérazin C, Flippe L, Peterson P, Vimond N, Usal C, Ménoret S, Heslan JM, Duteille F, Blanchard F, Giral M, Colonna M, Anegon I, Guillonneau C. IL-34 deficiency impairs FOXP3 + Treg function in a model of autoimmune colitis and decreases immune tolerance homeostasis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e988. [PMID: 36030499 PMCID: PMC9420423 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune homeostasis requires fully functional Tregs with a stable phenotype to control autoimmunity. Although IL‐34 is a cytokine first described as mainly involved in monocyte cell survival and differentiation, we recently described its expression by CD8+ Tregs in a rat model of transplantation tolerance and by activated FOXP3+ CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs in human healthy individuals. However, its role in autoimmunity and potential in human diseases remains to be determined. Methods We generated Il34−/− rats and using both Il34−/− rats and mice, we investigated their phenotype under inflammatory conditions. Using Il34−/− rats, we further analyzed the impact of the absence of expression of IL‐34 for CD4+ Tregs suppressive function. We investigated the potential of IL‐34 in human disease to prevent xenogeneic GVHD and human skin allograft rejection in immune humanized immunodeficient NSG mice. Finally, taking advantage of a biocollection, we investigated the correlation between presence of IL‐34 in the serum and kidney transplant rejection. Results Here we report that the absence of expression of IL‐34 in Il34−/− rats and mice leads to an unstable immune phenotype, with production of multiple auto‐antibodies, exacerbated under inflammatory conditions with increased susceptibility to DSS‐ and TNBS‐colitis in Il34−/− animals. Moreover, we revealed the striking inability of Il34−/− CD4+ Tregs to protect Il2rg−/− rats from a wasting disease induced by transfer of pathogenic cells, in contrast to Il34+/+ CD4+ Tregs. We also showed that IL‐34 treatment delayed EAE in mice as well as GVHD and human skin allograft rejection in immune humanized immunodeficient NSG mice. Finally, we show that presence of IL‐34 in the serum is associated with a longer rejection‐free period in kidney transplanted patients. Conclusion Altogether, our data emphasize on the crucial necessity of IL‐34 for immune homeostasis and for CD4+ Tregs suppressive function. Our data also shows the therapeutic potential of IL‐34 in human transplantation and auto‐immunity. Highlights Absence of expression of IL‐34 in Il34−/− rats and mice leads to an unstable immune phenotype, with a production of multiple auto‐antibodies and exacerbated immune pathology under inflammatory conditions. Il34−/− CD4+ Tregs are unable to protect Il2rg−/− rats from colitis induced by transfer of pathogenic cells. IL‐34 treatment delayed EAE in mice, as well as acute GVHD and human skin allograft rejection in immune‐humanized immunodeficient NSG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Freuchet
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Apolline Salama
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Séverine Bézie
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Laurent Tesson
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Séverine Rémy
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Romain Humeau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Hadrien Règue
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Céline Sérazin
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Léa Flippe
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nadège Vimond
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Claire Usal
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Séverine Ménoret
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France.,CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Heslan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Franck Duteille
- Chirurgie Plastique Reconstructrice et Esthétique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Blanchard
- INSERM UMR1238, Bone Sarcoma and remodeling of calcified tissues, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ignacio Anegon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Carole Guillonneau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN5, Nantes, F-44000, France
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24
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The Role of Rumen Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA)-Induced Inflammatory Diseases of Ruminants. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081495. [PMID: 35893553 PMCID: PMC9332062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common metabolic disease in ruminants. In the early stage of SARA, ruminants do not exhibit obvious clinical symptoms. However, SARA often leads to local inflammatory diseases such as laminitis, mastitis, endometritis and hepatitis. The mechanism by which SARA leads to inflammatory diseases is largely unknown. The gut microbiota is the totality of bacteria, viruses and fungi inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have found that the gut microbiota is not only crucial to gastrointestinal health but also involved in a variety of disease processes, including metabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, tumors and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that intestinal bacteria and their metabolites can migrate to extraintestinal distal organs, such as the lung, liver and brain, through endogenous pathways, leading to related diseases. Combined with the literature, we believe that the dysbiosis of the rumen microbiota, the destruction of the rumen barrier and the dysbiosis of liver function in the pathogenesis of SARA lead to the entry of rumen bacteria and/or metabolites into the body through blood or lymphatic circulation and place the body in the “chronic low-grade” inflammatory state. Meanwhile, rumen bacteria and/or their metabolites can also migrate to the mammary gland, uterus and other organs, leading to the occurrence of related inflammatory diseases. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanism by which SARA causes inflammatory diseases to obtain a more comprehensive and profound understanding of SARA and its related inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, it is also of great significance for the joint prevention and control of diseases.
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25
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Liu Y, Baba Y, Ishimoto T, Gu X, Zhang J, Nomoto D, Okadome K, Baba H, Qiu P. Gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancer: a friend or foe? Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4101-4117. [PMID: 35844804 PMCID: PMC9274484 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the gut microbiome on host health is becoming increasingly recognized. To date, there is growing evidence that the complex characteristics of the microbial community play key roles as potential biomarkers and predictors of responses in cancer therapy. Many studies have shown that altered commensal bacteria lead to cancer susceptibility and progression in diverse pathways. In this review, we critically assess the data for gut microbiota related to gastrointestinal cancer, including esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Importantly, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota involved in cancer occurrence, prevention and treatment are elucidated. The purpose of this review is to provide novel insights for applying this understanding to the development of new therapeutic strategies in gastrointestinal cancer by targeting the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Next-Generation Surgical Therapy Development, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Xi Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Nomoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Peng Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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26
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Chen J, Wang Y, Shi Y, Liu Y, Wu C, Luo Y. Association of Gut Microbiota With Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:962782. [PMID: 35903197 PMCID: PMC9314564 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.962782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R) is a common acute and critical condition in clinical practice with a high mortality rate. However, there is still a lack of effective prevention and treatment measures for II/R injury. The role of the gut microbiota in II/R has attracted widespread attention. Recent evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of II/R. Therefore, maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and its metabolites may be a potential strategy for the treatment of II/R. This review focuses on the importance of crosstalk between the gastrointestinal ecosystem and II/R to highlight II/R-induced gut microbiota signatures and potential applications of microbial-based therapies in II/R. This will also provide potentially effective biomarkers for the prediction, diagnosis and treatment of II/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyi Chen, ; Yanrong Luo, ; Chengyi Wu,
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yongxia Shi
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yongpan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chengyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyi Chen, ; Yanrong Luo, ; Chengyi Wu,
| | - Yanrong Luo
- Physical Examination Center, Shiyan Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shiyan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingyi Chen, ; Yanrong Luo, ; Chengyi Wu,
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27
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Yuan M, Lin L, Cao H, Zheng W, Wu L, Zuo H, Tian X, Song H. Intestinal Microbiota Participates in the Protective Effect of HO-1/BMMSCs on Liver Transplantation With Steatotic Liver Grafts in Rats. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:905567. [PMID: 35756057 PMCID: PMC9226684 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.905567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have a protective effect on liver transplantation with steatotic liver grafts in rats, and to determine the role of the intestinal microbiota in such protection. HO-1/BMMSCs were obtained by transduction of Hmox1 gene [encoding heme oxygenase (HO-1)]-encoding adenoviruses into primary rat BMMSCs. Steatotic livers were obtained by feeding rats a high-fat diet, and a model of liver transplantation with steatotic liver grafts was established. The recipients were treated with BMMSCs, HO-1/BMMSCs, or neither, via the portal vein. Two time points were used: postoperative day 1 (POD 1) and POD 7. The results showed that under the effect of HO-1/BMMSCs, the degree of steatosis in the liver grafts was significantly reduced, and the level of liver enzymes and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma were reduced. The effect of HO-1/BMMSCs was better than that of pure BMMSCs in the prolongation of the rats' postoperative time. In addition, HO-1/BMMSCs promoted the recovery of recipients' intestinal structure and function, especially on POD 7. The intestinal villi returned to normal, the expression of tight junction proteins was restored, and intestinal permeability was reduced on POD 7. The intestinal bacterial of the LT group showed significantly weakened energy metabolism and overgrowth. On POD 1, the abundance of Akkermansiaceae was higher. On POD 7, the abundance of Clostridiaceae increased, the level of lipopolysaccharide increased, the intestinal mucosal barrier function was destroyed, and the levels of several invasive bacteria increased. When treated with HO-1/BMMSCs, the energy metabolism of intestinal bacteria was enhanced, and on POD 1, levels bacteria that protect the intestinal mucosa, such as Desulfovibrionaceae, increased significantly. On POD 7, the changed intestinal microbiota improved lipid metabolism and increased the levels of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, HO-1/BMMSCs have protective effects on steatotic liver grafts and the intestinal barrier function of the recipients. By improving lipid metabolism and increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, the changed intestinal microbiota has a protective effect and prolongs the recipients' survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Yuan
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Cao
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiping Zheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Longlong Wu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiwen Zuo
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Tian
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongli Song
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Tianjin, China
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28
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Yang T, Yang S, Zhao J, Wang P, Li S, Jin Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Liao J, Li S, Hua K, Gu Y, Wang D, Huang J. Comprehensive Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Bile Acid Profiles in Children With Biliary Atresia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914247. [PMID: 35782134 PMCID: PMC9247268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) is the most common cholestatic liver disease in neonates. Herein, we aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota and fecal bile acid profiles of BA patients, defining the correlations between them, and evaluating the relationship between the clinical pathogenesis and changes in the gut microbiota and bile acid profiles.MethodsA total of 84 fecal samples from BA patients (n = 46) and matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 38) were subjected to sequencing by 16S rRNA gene amplification, and fecal bile acid were analyzed by targeted metabolomics.FindingsCompared with the controls, a structural separation of the intestinal flora of BA patients was uncovered, which was accompanied by changes in the composition of fecal bile acids. In the BA group, Actinobacillus, Monoglobus, and Agathobacter were enriched in patients without cholangitis (p < 0.05). Selenomonadaceae and Megamonas were more abundant in patients without recurrent cholangitis episodes (p < 0.05), while Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae were enriched in patients with multiple recurrences of cholangitis (p < 0.05). Postoperative jaundice clearance was associated with Campylobacter and Rikenellaceae (p < 0.05), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid was associated with jaundice clearance (p < 0.001).ConclusionBA patients are characterized by different compositions of gut microbiota and bile acids, and their interaction is involved in the process of liver damage in BA, which may be closely related to the occurrence of postoperative cholangitis and jaundice clearance.
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29
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Zhang B, Zhao J, Jiang M, Peng D, Dou X, Song Y, Shi J. The Potential Role of Gut Microbial-Derived Exosomes in Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Implications for Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893617. [PMID: 35634340 PMCID: PMC9131825 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a clinically heterogeneous disease whose primary clinical therapies include dietary control and exercise therapy, is increasing worldwide and constitutes a significant medical burden. Gut microbes influence the physiopathological processes of the liver through different mechanisms based on the gut-liver axis. Exosomes are essential carriers of intercellular communication. Most previous studies have focused on adipocyte- and hepatocyte-derived exosomes, while the critical role of microbial-derived exosomes and the molecular mechanisms behind them in MAFLD have received little attention. Therefore, we searched and screened the latest relevant studies in the PubMeb database to elucidate the link between microbial-derived exosomes and the pathogenesis of MAFLD, mainly in terms of insulin resistance, intestinal barrier, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and liver fibrosis. The aim was to provide a theoretical framework and support for clinical protocols and innovative drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Zhang
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Jiang
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Dou
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Song
- Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Translational Medicine Platform, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious & Hepatology Diseases, Metabolic Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Chen H, Lu D, Yang X, Hu Z, He C, Li H, Lin Z, Yang M, Xu X. One Shoot, Two Birds: Alleviating Inflammation Caused by Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury to Reduce the Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879552. [PMID: 35634295 PMCID: PMC9130551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is crucial to tumorigenesis and the development of metastasis. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is an unresolved problem in liver resection and transplantation which often establishes and remodels the inflammatory microenvironment in liver. More and more experimental and clinical evidence unmasks the role of hepatic IRI and associated inflammation in promoting the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Meanwhile, approaches aimed at alleviating hepatic IRI, such as machine perfusion, regulating the gut-liver axis, and targeting key inflammatory components, have been proved to prevent HCC recurrence. This review article highlights the underlying mechanisms and promising therapeutic strategies to reduce tumor recurrence through alleviating inflammation induced by hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chiyu He
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huigang Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Modan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Cai S, Liao G, Yu T, Gao Q, Zou L, Zhang H, Xu X, Chen J, Lu A, Wu Y, Li B, Peng J. Immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in people living with HIV: A cross-sectional study. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4224-4233. [PMID: 35585023 PMCID: PMC9347657 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of an inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine in people living with HIV (PLWH). A total of 143 PLWH and 50 healthy individuals were included in this study. A commercially available magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay kit was used to detect serum IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2. Serum levels of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific IgG were significantly higher in the control group than in the PLWH group (p = 0.001). Overall, 76% of individuals in the control group were detected with seropositivity IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 compared to 58% in the PLWH group (p = 0.024). In PLWH with IgG seropositivity, CD4+ T‐cell counts before antiretroviral therapy (ART) was higher (p = 0.015). Multivariable analysis indicated that CD4+ T cells at IgG detection (odds ratio [OR] = 1.004, p = 0.006) and time after vaccination (OR = 0.977, p = 0.014) were independently associated with seropositivity IgG against SARS‐CoV‐2 in PLWH. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers in PLWH against wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 were similar to those in the control group (p = 0.160). The proportion of seropositive nAbs against wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 was also similar (95% in the control group vs. 97% in the PLWH group, p = 0.665). Similar results were obtained when nAb was detected against the delta variants with similar titers (p = 0.355) and a similar proportion of seropositive nAbs were observed (p = 0.588). All the side effects observed in our study were mild and self‐limiting. The inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine appears to be safe with good immunogenicity in Chinese PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohang Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guichan Liao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiqing Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Shunde Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shunde, 528300, China
| | - Lirong Zou
- Institute of microbiology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of microbiology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuwen Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Aili Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingsong Wu
- Institute of Antibody Engineering, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Institute of microbiology, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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32
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Saeed NK, Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y, Toema O. Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1875-1901. [PMID: 35664966 PMCID: PMC9150060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i18.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion. Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics. The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts, affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism, failure to thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders. Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders, including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders. However, we are still in need of more studies. In this narrative review, we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Osama Toema
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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Li M, Zhao X, Xie J, Tong X, Shan J, Shi M, Wang G, Ye W, Liu Y, Unger BH, Cheng Y, Zhang W, Wu N, Xia XQ. Dietary Inclusion of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) Mitigates Foodborne Enteritis in Zebrafish Through the Gut-Liver Immune Axis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:831226. [PMID: 35464096 PMCID: PMC9019508 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To help prevent foodborne enteritis in aquaculture, several feed additives, such as herbal medicine, have been added to fish diets. Predictions of effective herb medicines for treating fish foodborne enteritis from key regulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in transcriptomic data can aid in the development of feed additives using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database. Seabuckthorn has been assessed as a promising candidate for treating grass carp soybean-induced enteritis (SBMIE). In the present study, the SBMIE zebrafish model was used to assess seabuckthorn’s therapeutic or preventative effects. The results showed that intestinal and hepatic inflammation was reduced when seabuckthorn was added, either pathologically (improved intestinal villi morphology, less oil-drops) or growth-related (body fat deposition). Moreover, seabuckthorn may block the intestinal p53 signaling pathway, while activating the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism in the liver. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results also indicated a significant increase in OTU numbers and skewed overlapping with the fish meal group following the addition of seabuckthorn. Additionally, there were signs of altered gut microbiota taxa composition, particularly for reduced TM7, Sphingomonas, and Shigella, following the addition of seabuckthorn. Hindgut imaging of fluorescent immune cells in SBMIE larvae revealed the immune regulatory mechanisms at the cellular level. Seabuckthorn may significantly inhibit the inflammatory gathering of neutrophils, macrophages, and mature T cells, as well as cellular protrusions’ formation. On the other hand, in larvae, seabuckthorn inhibited the inflammatory aggregation of lck+ T cells but not immature lymphocytes, indicating that it affected intestinal adaptive immunity. Although seabuckthorn did not affect the distribution of intestinal CD4+ cells, the number of hepatic CD4+ cells were reduced in fish from the seabuckthorn supplementation group. Thus, the current data indicate that seabuckthorn may alleviate foodborne gut-liver symptoms by enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and microbiota while simultaneously inhibiting hepatic adipose disposition, making it a potential additive for preventing fish foodborne gut-liver symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiayuan Xie
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Shan
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Mijuan Shi
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangxin Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weidong Ye
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | | | - Yingyin Cheng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Wu, ; Xiao-Qin Xia,
| | - Xiao-Qin Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Nan Wu, ; Xiao-Qin Xia,
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Zeng S, Schnabl B. Roles for the mycobiome in liver disease. Liver Int 2022; 42:729-741. [PMID: 34995410 PMCID: PMC8930708 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease, a major cause of global mortality, has been associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes). Studies have associated changes in gut bacteria with pathogenesis and severity of liver disease, but the contributions of the mycobiome (the fungal populations of the gut) to health and disease have not been well studied. We review recent findings of alterations in the composition of the mycobiota in patients with liver disease and discuss the mechanisms by which these might affect pathogenesis and disease progression. Strategies to manipulate the gut mycobiota might be developed to treat or prevent liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suling Zeng
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Silveira MAD, Bilodeau S, Greten TF, Wang XW, Trinchieri G. The gut-liver axis: host microbiota interactions shape hepatocarcinogenesis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:583-597. [PMID: 35331674 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although their etiologies vary, tumors share a common trait: the control of an oncogenic transcriptional program that is regulated by the interaction of the malignant cells with the stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME shows high phenotypic and functional heterogeneity that may be modulated by interactions with commensal microbes (the microbiota) both systemically and locally. Unlike host cells, the microbiota adapts after environmental perturbations, impacting host-microbe interactions. In the liver, the bidirectional relationship in the gut and its associated microbiota creates an interdependent environment. Therefore, the gut microbiota and its metabolites modulate liver gene expression directly and indirectly, causing an imbalance in the gut-liver axis, which may result in disease, including carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maruhen A D Silveira
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Steve Bilodeau
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Tim F Greten
- Gastrointestinal Malignancy Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; NCI-CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; NCI-CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- NCI-CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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36
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Chen L, Zhu Y, Hou X, Yang L, Chu H. The Role of Gut Bacteria and Fungi in Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:840752. [PMID: 35308525 PMCID: PMC8927088 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.840752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis and liver cancer caused by alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) are serious threats to people's health. In addition to hepatic cell apoptosis and liver inflammation caused by oxidative stress during alcohol metabolism, intestinal microbiota disorders are also involved in the onset and development of ALD. Ethanol and its' oxidative and non-oxidative metabolites, together with dysbiosis-caused-inflammation, destroys the intestinal barrier. Changes of several microbial metabolites, such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and amino acid, are closely associated with gut dysbiosis in ALD. The alcohol-caused dysbiosis can further influence intestinal barrier-related proteins, such as mucin2, bile acid-related receptors, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and these abnormal changes also participate in the injury of the intestinal barrier and hepatic steatosis. Gut-derived bacteria, fungi, and their toxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and β-glucan translocate into the liver through the damaged intestinal barrier and promote the progression of inflammation and fibrosis of ALD. Thus, the prevention of alcohol-induced disruption of intestinal permeability has a beneficial effect on ALD. Currently, multiple therapeutic treatments have been applied to restore the gut microbiota of patients with ALD. Fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, antibiotics, and many other elements has already shown their ability of restoring the gut microbiota. Targeted approaches, such as using bacteriophages to remove cytolytic Enterococcus faecalis, and supplement with Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, or boulardii are also powerful therapeutic options for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Xiaohua Hou
| | - Ling Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ling Yang
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Huikuan Chu
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Gut Microbiome in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Role. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030550. [PMID: 35327352 PMCID: PMC8945462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a significant health threat globally, and has attracted growing concern in the research field of liver diseases. NAFLD comprises multifarious fatty degenerative disorders in the liver, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The fundamental pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex and multifactor-driven. In addition to viruses, metabolic syndrome and alcohol, evidence has recently indicated that the microbiome is related to the development and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the possible microbiota-based therapeutic approaches and highlight the importance of establishing the diagnosis of NAFLD through the different spectra of the disease via the gut–liver axis.
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38
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杨 玥. Recent research on the effect of preeclampsia on maternal-infant intestinal flora interactions. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2022; 24:102-107. [PMID: 35177184 PMCID: PMC8802388 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a unique complication of pregnancy that affects the health of the mother and the infant. Intestinal flora plays an important regulatory role in human body's metabolism and immunity and is associated with many diseases. Studies have shown that the development and progression of PE can lead to alterations in intestinal flora in the mother and are even closely associated with the colonization and development of intestinal flora in the offspring. This article reviews related studies on the effect of PE on maternal-infant intestinal flora, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of maternal and infant complications associated with PE.
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Native and Engineered Probiotics: Promising Agents against Related Systemic and Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020594. [PMID: 35054790 PMCID: PMC8775704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal homeostasis is a dynamic balance involving the interaction between the host intestinal mucosa, immune barrier, intestinal microecology, nutrients, and metabolites. Once homeostasis is out of balance, it will increase the risk of intestinal diseases and is also closely associated with some systemic diseases. Probiotics (Escherichia coli Nissle 1917, Akkermansia muciniphila, Clostridium butyricum, lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium spp.), maintaining the gut homeostasis through direct interaction with the intestine, can also exist as a specific agent to prevent, alleviate, or cure intestinal-related diseases. With genetic engineering technology advancing, probiotics can also show targeted therapeutic properties. The aims of this review are to summarize the roles of potential native and engineered probiotics in oncology, inflammatory bowel disease, and obesity, discussing the therapeutic applications of these probiotics.
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40
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Ermakov EA, Melamud MM, Buneva VN, Ivanova SA. Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:880568. [PMID: 35546942 PMCID: PMC9082498 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.880568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is generally known to be the primary defense mechanism against pathogens. Any pathological conditions are reflected in anomalies in the immune system parameters. Increasing evidence suggests the involvement of immune dysregulation and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In this systematic review, we summarized the available evidence of abnormalities in the immune system in schizophrenia. We analyzed impairments in all immune system components and assessed the level of bias in the available evidence. It has been shown that schizophrenia is associated with abnormalities in all immune system components: from innate to adaptive immunity and from humoral to cellular immunity. Abnormalities in the immune organs have also been observed in schizophrenia. Evidence of increased C-reactive protein, dysregulation of cytokines and chemokines, elevated levels of neutrophils and autoantibodies, and microbiota dysregulation in schizophrenia have the lowest risk of bias. Peripheral immune abnormalities contribute to neuroinflammation, which is associated with cognitive and neuroanatomical alterations and contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, signs of severe inflammation are observed in only about 1/3 of patients with schizophrenia. Immunological parameters may help identify subgroups of individuals with signs of inflammation who well respond to anti-inflammatory therapy. Our integrative approach also identified gaps in knowledge about immune abnormalities in schizophrenia, and new horizons for the research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Ermakov
- Laboratory of Repair Enzymes, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mark M Melamud
- Laboratory of Repair Enzymes, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina N Buneva
- Laboratory of Repair Enzymes, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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41
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Wang Y, Xie Z. Exploring the role of gut microbiome in male reproduction. Andrology 2021; 10:441-450. [PMID: 34918486 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of the gut microbiome on the organism has become a growing research focus with the development of 16S rRNA sequencing. However, the effect of the gut microbiome in male reproduction has yet to be investigated. OBJECTIVE To overview on possible mechanisms by which gut microbiome could affect male reproduction and therapeutic opportunities related to the gut microbiome METHODS: Authors searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library for medical subject headings terms and free text words referred to "male infertility" "testis" "gut microbiome" "insulin resistance" "erectile dysfunction" "therapy" "sex hormones" "Genital Diseases." until Dec 2nd 2021. RESULTS Evidence suggests that immune system activation caused by the gut microbiome translocation not only leads to testicular and epididymal inflammation but can also induce insulin resistance together with gastrointestinal hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, which in turn affects the secretion of various sex hormones such as LH, FSH, and T to regulate spermatogenesis. In addition, the gut microbiome can influence spermatogenesis by controlling and metabolizing androgens as well as affecting the blood-testis barrier. It also promotes vascular inflammation by raising trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels in the blood, which causes erectile dysfunction. Testicular microbiome and gut microbiome can interact to influence male reproductive function. This study discusses therapeutic options such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as the challenges and opportunities behind ongoing research, and emphasizes the need for additional research in the future to demonstrate the links and underlying mechanisms between gut microbiome and male reproduction. Therapeutic options such as probiotic, prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation are potential treatments for male infertility. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Gut microbiota may have a causal role in male reproduction health, therapeutic strategies such as supplementation with appropriate probiotics could be undertaken as a complementary treatment. In the future, additional research is needed to demonstrate the links and underlying mechanisms between gut microbiome and male reproduction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Zuogang Xie
- Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Andrology, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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T Cell Subsets and Natural Killer Cells in the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212190. [PMID: 34830072 PMCID: PMC8623596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition characterized by hepatic accumulation of excess lipids. T cells are commonly classified into various subsets based on their surface markers including T cell receptors, type of antigen presentation and pathophysiological functions. Several studies have implicated various T cell subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in the progression of NAFLD. While NK cells are mainly components of the innate hepatic immune system, the majority of T cell subsets can be part of both the adaptive and innate systems. Several studies have reported that various stages of NAFLD are accompanied by the accumulation of distinct T cell subsets and NK cells with different functions and phenotypes observed usually resulting in proinflammatory effects. More importantly, the overall stimulation of the intrahepatic T cell subsets is directly influenced by the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. Similarly, NK cells have been found to accumulate in the liver in response to pathogens and tumors. In this review, we discussed the nature and pathophysiological roles of T cell subsets including γδ T cells, NKT cells, Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells as well as NK cells in NAFLD.
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Keshavarz Azizi Raftar S, Ashrafian F, Yadegar A, Lari A, Moradi HR, Shahriary A, Azimirad M, Alavifard H, Mohsenifar Z, Davari M, Vaziri F, Moshiri A, Siadat SD, Zali MR. The Protective Effects of Live and Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Extracellular Vesicles against HFD/CCl4-Induced Liver Injury. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0048421. [PMID: 34549998 PMCID: PMC8557882 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00484-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila, as a member of the gut microbiota, has been proposed as a next-generation probiotic. Liver fibrosis is the main determinant of liver dysfunction and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the beneficial effects of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the prevention of liver fibrosis. The response of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its EVs was examined in quiescent, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated LX-2 cells. Liver fibrosis was induced in 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice, using a high-fat diet (HFD) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration for 4 weeks. The mice were concomitantly treated via oral gavage with three forms of bacteria. The relative expression of different fibrosis and inflammatory markers was assessed in the tissues. Histological markers, serum biochemical parameters, and cytokine production were also analyzed, and their correlations with the relative abundance of targeted fecal bacteria were examined. All A. muciniphila preparations exhibited protective effects against HSC activation; however, EVs showed the greatest activity in HSC regression. Oral gavage with A. muciniphila ameliorated the serum biochemical and inflammatory cytokines and improved liver and colon histopathological damages. The relative expression of fibrosis and inflammatory biomarkers was substantially attenuated in the tissues of all treated mice. The composition of targeted stool bacteria in the live A. muciniphila group was clearly different from that in the fibrosis group. This study indicated that A. muciniphila and its derivatives could successfully protect against HFD/CCl4-induced liver injury. However, further studies are needed to prove the beneficial effects of A. muciniphila on the liver. IMPORTANCE Akkermansia muciniphila, as a member of the gut microbiota, has been proposed as a next-generation probiotic. Liver fibrosis is the main determinant of liver dysfunction and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the beneficial effects of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the prevention of liver fibrosis. The results of the present study indicated that oral administration of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its EVs could normalize the fecal targeted bacteria composition, improve the intestinal permeability, modulate inflammatory responses, and subsequently prevent liver injury in HFD/CCl4-administered mice. Following the improvement of intestinal and liver histopathology, HFD/CCl4-induced kidney damage and adipose tissue inflammation were also ameliorated by different A. muciniphila treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrbanoo Keshavarz Azizi Raftar
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ashrafian
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Clinical Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Lari
- Systems Biomedicine Unit, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moradi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arefeh Shahriary
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Alavifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Mohsenifar
- Taleghani Hospital, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Davari
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Oncology, Giannina Gaslini Children’s Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Song W, Sun LY, Zhu ZJ. Effects of Previous Kasai Surgery on Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid in Biliary Atresia With End-Stage Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:704328. [PMID: 34646837 PMCID: PMC8502819 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.704328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Biliary atresia (BA) is the most common cholestatic liver disease in neonates. Although the Kasai procedure can improve temporary biliary drainage in some cases, complications and liver fibrosis still develop. Liver transplantation is the ultimate treatment. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of previous Kasai surgery on gut microbiota and bile acid in BA with end-stage liver disease. Methods: Patients with BA with end-stage liver disease were divided into two groups according to whether they had previously undergone Kasai surgery (non-Kasai: n = 8, post-Kasai: n = 8). Metagenomic sequencing and ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry were performed to identify the gut microbiota and bile acid. Results: Previous Kasai surgery had some effects on gut microbiota and bile acid in BA with end-stage liver disease. In the gut microbiome, the differential species were mainly distributed at the species level. Veillonella atypica had a significant increase in the non-Kasai group (P < 0.05). Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Barnesiella spp., Parabacteroides spp., Heliobacterium spp., Erysipelatoclostridium spp. and Diaporthe spp. were increased in the post-Kasai group (P < 0.05). Concerning functional profiles, methionine biosynthesis was enriched in the non-Kasai group, while pyridoxal biosynthesis and riboflavin biosynthesis were enriched in the post-Kasai group (linear discriminant analysis > 2, P < 0.05). In stools, 17 bile acids were distinctly elevated in the post-Kasai group, such as cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, β-muricholic acid and tauro α-muricholate (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation test showed that V. atypica had an enormously positive correlation with liver enzymes. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli were associated with derivatives of the alternative pathway of bile acid metabolism. Conclusion: Previous Kasai surgery can improve the gut microbiota and bile acid in patients with BA with end-stage liver disease. This improvement contributes to maintaining the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhu
- Liver Transplantation Center, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Pediatric Liver Transplantation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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45
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Liu H, Xu J, Li H, Zhang L, Xu P. Network pharmacology-based investigation to explore the effect and mechanism of Erchen decoction against the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 304:2605-2619. [PMID: 34536264 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to uncover the potential mechanism of Erchen decoction (ECD) on the amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Network pharmacology and bioinformatics were used to determine the active components of ECD and its potential target in treating NAFLD. High fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice model was used. Liver tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Oil Red O. Serum lipid profiles and hepatic inflammatory molecules in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) pathway were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intestinal barrier function, including intestinal epithelial tight junction (IETJ) proteins, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration and intestinal microbiota composition, was also assessed. Screening relevant databases revealed 123 active components and 158 potential target proteins in ECD, as well as 1,783 differential genes for NAFLD. Enrichment analyses predicted that the regulation of LPS, cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory pathways might be the underlying mechanisms of ECD in NAFLD treatment. ECD ameliorated the multi-profiles of NAFLD and reversed the high levels of inflammatory molecules such as, serum LPS, hepatic TLR-4, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-1β. Additionally, ECD upregulated the concentration levels of IETJ proteins and fecal SCFAs. 16s RNA sequencing indicated that ECD can improve the gut microbiota, such as Akkermansia, Clostridium XIVa, Coprococcus, and Ruminococcus. The current study demonstrated that ECD can reverse the HFD-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, thereby reducing the LPS translocation and alleviating the hepatic inflammation, and eventually exhibiting a protective effect against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Graduate School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pingzhen Xu
- Endoscopy Center, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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The Gut Microbiota-Derived Immune Response in Chronic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158309. [PMID: 34361075 PMCID: PMC8347749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic liver disease, the causative factor is important; however, recently, the intestinal microbiome has been associated with the progression of chronic liver disease and the occurrence of side effects. The immune system is affected by the metabolites of the microbiome, and diet is the primary regulator of the microbiota composition and function in the gut–liver axis. These metabolites can be used as therapeutic material, and postbiotics, in the future, can increase or decrease human immunity by modulating inflammation and immune reactions. Therefore, the excessive intake of nutrients and the lack of nutrition have important effects on immunity and inflammation. Evidence has been published indicating that microbiome-induced chronic inflammation and the consequent immune dysregulation affect the development of chronic liver disease. In this research paper, we discuss the overall trend of microbiome-derived substances related to immunity and the future research directions.
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D’Onofrio F, Renga G, Puccetti M, Pariano M, Bellet MM, Santarelli I, Stincardini C, Mosci P, Ricci M, Giovagnoli S, Costantini C, Romani L. Indole-3-Carboxaldehyde Restores Gut Mucosal Integrity and Protects from Liver Fibrosis in Murine Sclerosing Cholangitis. Cells 2021; 10:1622. [PMID: 34209524 PMCID: PMC8305598 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a long-term liver disease characterized by a progressive course of cholestasis with liver inflammation and fibrosis. Intestinal barrier dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PSC. According to the "leaky gut" hypothesis, gut inflammation alters the permeability of the intestinal mucosa, with the translocation of gut-derived products that enter the enterohepatic circulation and cause hepatic inflammation. Thus, the administration of molecules that preserve epithelial barrier integrity would represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-IAld) is a microbial-derived product working at the interface between the host and the microbiota and is able to promote mucosal immune homeostasis in a variety of preclinical settings. Herein, by resorting to a murine model of PSC, we found that 3-IAld formulated for localized delivery in the gut alleviates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by modulating the intestinal microbiota and activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-IL-22 axis to restore mucosal integrity. This study points to the therapeutic potential of 3-IAld in liver pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella D’Onofrio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (M.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Marina Maria Bellet
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Ilaria Santarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Paolo Mosci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (M.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Stefano Giovagnoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (M.P.); (M.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Lucio Severi 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (F.D.); (G.R.); (M.P.); (M.M.B.); (I.S.); (C.S.); (P.M.); (C.C.)
- University Research Center on Functional Genomics (C.U.R.Ge.F), University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Modulates Autophagy and Oxidative DNA Damage Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Overcome Sorafenib Resistance via TLR9/SOD1/hsa-miR-30a-5p/Beclin-1 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133227. [PMID: 34203465 PMCID: PMC8267639 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is used for treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but some patients acquire sorafenib resistance. We investigated the mechanisms underlying acquired sorafenib resistance in HCC cells and targeted them to re-sensitize them to sorafenib. In silico analysis indicated that toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 was significantly overexpressed, and that miRNA (hsa-miR-30a-5p) was downregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, which modulated HCC cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. TLR9 overexpression increased HCC cell proliferation, whereas TLR9 inhibition from hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) decreased HCC cell proliferation, tumor growth, oxidative stress marker (SOD1), and the formation of autophagosome bodies (reduced ATG5 and Beclin-1 expression). Moreover, HCQ treatment reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to decreased clonogenicity, migratory ability, and invasiveness. HCQ targeted and reduced the self-renewal capacity phenotype by inhibiting tumorsphere generation. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated the synergistic effect of the HCQ-sorafenib combination on sorafenib-resistant HCC (Huh7-SR) cells, increasing their sensitivity to treatment by modulating TLR9, autophagy (ATG5 and Beclin-1), oxidative stress (SOD1), and apoptosis (c-caspase3) expression and thus overcoming the drug resistance. This study's findings indicate that TLR9 overexpression occurs in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and that its downregulation aids HCC suppression. Moreover, HCQ treatment significantly increases sorafenib's effect on sorafenib-resistant HCC cells.
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Chen T, Li R, Chen P. Gut Microbiota and Chemical-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:688780. [PMID: 34122150 PMCID: PMC8187901 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug overdose or chemical exposures are the main causes of acute liver injury (ALI). Severe liver injury can develop into liver failure that is an important cause of liver-related mortality in intensive care units in most countries. Pharmacological studies have utilized a variety of comprehensive chemical induction models that recapitulate the natural pathogenesis of acute liver injury. Their mechanism is always based on redox imbalance-induced direct hepatotoxicity and massive hepatocyte cell death, which can trigger immune cell activation and recruitment to the liver. However, the pathogenesis of these models has not been fully stated. Many studies showed that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in chemical-induced liver injury. Hepatotoxicity is likely induced by imbalanced microbiota homeostasis, gut mucosal barrier damage, systemic immune activation, microbial-associated molecular patterns, and bacterial metabolites. Meanwhile, many preclinical studies have shown that supplementation with probiotics can improve chemical-induced liver injury. In this review, we highlight the pathogenesis of gut microorganisms in chemical-induced acute liver injury animal models and explore the protective mechanism of exogenous microbial supplements on acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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50
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Hild B, Heinzow HS, Schmidt HH, Maschmeier M. Bile Acids in Control of the Gut-Liver-Axis. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2021; 59:63-68. [PMID: 33429452 DOI: 10.1055/a-1330-9644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver and gut share an intimate relationship whose communication relies heavily on metabolites, among which bile acids play a major role. Beyond their function as emulsifiers, bile acids have been recognized for their influence on metabolism of glucose and lipids as well as for their impact on immune responses. Therefore, changes to the composition of the bile acid pool can be consequential to liver and to gut physiology. By metabolizing primary bile acids to secondary bile acids, the bacterial gut microbiome modifies how bile acids exert influence. An altered ratio of secondary to primary bile acids is found to be substantial in many studies. Thus, disease pathogenesis and progression could be changed by gut microbiome modification which influences the bile acid pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Hild
- Medizinische Klinik B (Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie, Klinische Infektiologie), Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Hauke S Heinzow
- Medizinische Klinik B (Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie, Klinische Infektiologie), Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Medizinische Klinik B (Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie, Klinische Infektiologie), Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Miriam Maschmeier
- Medizinische Klinik B (Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Endokrinologie, Klinische Infektiologie), Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
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