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da Cruz TCD, Pavon JAR, de Azevedo FSK, de Souza EC, Ribeiro BM, Slhessarenko RD. Associations between epidemiological and laboratory parameters and disease severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 during first and second epidemic waves in middle south Mato Grosso. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01379-x. [PMID: 38834861 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease characterized by respiratory distress. Disease severity is associated with several factors. Here we characterize virological findings and evaluate the association of laboratorial, epidemiological, virological findings and clinical outcomes of 251 patients during the first and second epidemic waves of COVID-19. METHODS This transversal study used biological samples and data from patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between May 2020 and August 2021 in the metropolitan region of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso Brazil. Biological samples were subjected to RT-qPCR and MinION sequencing. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Odds ratio were used to correlate clinical, laboratorial, epidemiological data. FINDINGS Patients were represented by males (61.7%) with mean age of 52.4 years, mild to moderate disease (49,0%), overweight/obese (69.3%), with comorbidities (66.1%) and evolving to death (55.38%). Severe cases showing symptoms for prolonged time, ≥ 25% of ground-glass opacities in the lungs and fatality rate increased significantly in second wave. Fatality was statistically associated to > 61 years of age,>25% ground-glass opacities in the lungs, immune, cardiac, or metabolic comorbidities. Higher viral load (p < 0.01/p = 0.02 in each wave), decreased erythrocyte (p < 0.01), hemoglobin (p < 0.05/p < 0.01), hematocrit (p < 0.01), RDW (p < 0.01), lymphocyte (p < 0.01), increased leucocyte (p < 0.01), neutrophil (p < 0.01) and CRP levels (p < 0.01) showed significant association with fatality in both waves, as did Neutrophil/Platelet (NPR; p < 0.01), Neutrophil/Lymphocyte (NLR; p < 0.01) and Monocyte/Lymphocyte ratio (MLR; p < 0.01). SARS-CoV-2 genomes from lineage B.1.1.33(n = 8) and Gamma/P.1(n = 15) shared 6/7 and 20/23 lineage-defining mutations, respectively. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Severity and mortality of COVID-19 associated with a panel of epidemiological and laboratorial findings, being second wave, caused by Gamma variant, more severe in this in-hospital population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Campos Dias da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), B Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Janeth Aracely Ramirez Pavon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), B Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Francisco Scoffoni Kennedy de Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), B Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
- Hospital e Pronto Socorro de Várzea Grande, Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, UFMT, Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | - Edila Cristina de Souza
- Curso de Graduação em Estatística, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brasil
| | - Bergman Morais Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UNB), Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil
| | - Renata Dezengrini Slhessarenko
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), B Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil.
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Gilliland T, Dunn M, Liu Y, Alcorn MD, Terada Y, Vasilatos S, Lundy J, Li R, Nambulli S, Larson D, Duprex P, Wu H, Luke T, Bausch C, Egland K, Sullivan E, Wang Z, Klimstra WB. Transchromosomic bovine-derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal human antibodies protects hACE2 transgenic hamsters against multiple variants. iScience 2023; 26:107764. [PMID: 37736038 PMCID: PMC10509298 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 has undergone rapid evolution resulting in the emergence of many variants with mutations in the spike protein, some of which appear to evade antibody neutralization, transmit more efficiently, and/or exhibit altered virulence. This raises significant concerns regarding the efficacy of anti-S monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics which have failed against variant SARS-CoV-2 viruses. To address this concern, SAB-185, a human anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibody was generated in the DiversitAb platform. SAB-185 exhibited equivalent, robust in vitro neutralization for Munich, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Δ144-146 variants and, although diminished, retained PRNT50 and PRNT80 neutralization endpoints for Delta and Omicron variants. Human ACE2 transgenic Syrian hamsters, which exhibit lethal SARS-CoV-2 disease, were protected from mortality after challenge with the Munich, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Δ144-146 variants and clinical signs after non-lethal Omicron BA.1 infection. This suggests that SAB-185 may be an effective immunotherapy even in the presence of ongoing viral mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theron Gilliland
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Matthew Dunn
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal Dairy, Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Maria D.H. Alcorn
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yutaka Terada
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Shauna Vasilatos
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jeneveve Lundy
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal Dairy, Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Sham Nambulli
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Deanna Larson
- Department of Animal Dairy, Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hua Wu
- SAb Biotherapeutics, Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Thomas Luke
- SAb Biotherapeutics, Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | - Kristi Egland
- SAb Biotherapeutics, Inc, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | | | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal Dairy, Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - William B. Klimstra
- Center for Vaccine Research and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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3
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Lungu CN, Putz MV. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Interaction Space. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12058. [PMID: 37569436 PMCID: PMC10418891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a +sense single-strand RNA virus. The virus has four major surface proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N), respectively. The constitutive proteins present a high grade of symmetry. Identifying a binding site is difficult. The virion is approximately 50-200 nm in diameter. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as the cell receptor for the virus. SARS-CoV-2 has an increased affinity to human ACE2 compared with the original SAR strain. Topological space, and its symmetry, is a critical component in molecular interactions. By exploring this space, a suitable ligand space can be characterized accordingly. A spike protein (S) computational model in a complex with ACE 2 was generated using silica methods. Topological spaces were probed using high computational throughput screening techniques to identify and characterize the topological space of both SARS and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its ligand space. In order to identify the symmetry clusters, computational analysis techniques, together with statistical analysis, were utilized. The computations are based on crystallographic protein data bank PDB-based models of constitutive proteins. Cartesian coordinates of component atoms and some cluster maps were generated and analyzed. Dihedral angles were used in order to compute a topological receptor space. This computational study uses a multimodal representation of spike protein interactions with some fragment proteins. The chemical space of the receptors (a dimensional volume) suggests the relevance of the receptor as a drug target. The spike protein S of SARS and SARS-CoV-2 is analyzed and compared. The results suggest a mirror symmetry of SARS and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. The results show thatSARS-CoV-2 space is variable and has a distinct topology. In conclusion, surface proteins grant virion variability and symmetry in interactions with a potential complementary target (protein, antibody, ligand). The mirror symmetry of dihedral angle clusters determines a high specificity of the receptor space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu N. Lungu
- Department of Morphological and Functional Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Dunarea de Jos, Str. Alexandru Ioan Cuza No. 36, 800017 Galati, Romania;
| | - Mihai V. Putz
- Laboratory of Structural and Computational Physical-Chemistry for Nanosciences and QSAR, Biology-Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Biology, Geography, West University of Timisoara, Str. Pestalozzi No. 16, 300115 Timisoara, Romania
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Diarimalala RO, Wei Y, Hu D, Hu K. Inflammasomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of their corresponding inhibitors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218039. [PMID: 37360532 PMCID: PMC10288989 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to be a burden for human health since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Recently, the emergence of new variants of concerns (VOCs) is challenging for vaccines and drugs efficiency. In severe cases, SARS-CoV-2 provokes inappropriate hyperinflammatory immune responses leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. This process is regulated by inflammasomes which are activated after binding of the viral spike (S) protein to cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and triggers innate immune responses. Therefore, the formation of "cytokines storm" leads to tissue damage and organ failure. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is the best studied inflammasome known to be activated during SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, some studies suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with other inflammasomes as well; such as NLRP1, absent in melanoma-2 (AIM-2), caspase-4 and -8 which were mostly found during dsRNA virus or bacteria infection. Multiple inflammasome inhibitors that exist for other non-infectious diseases have the potential to be used to treat severe SARS-CoV-2 complications. Some of them have showed quite encouraging results during pre- and clinical trials. Nevertheless, further studies are in need for the understanding and targeting of SARS-Cov-2-induced inflammasomes; mostly an update of its role during the new VOCs infection is necessary. Hence, this review highlights all reported inflammasomes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential inhibitors including NLRP3- and Gasdermin D (GSDMD)-inhibitors. Further strategies such as immunomodulators and siRNA are also discussed. As highly related to COVID-19 severe cases, developing inflammasome inhibitors holds a promise to treat severe COVID-19 syndrome effectively and reduce mortality.
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Jung S, Yeo D, Wang Z, Woo S, Seo Y, Hossain MI, Choi C. Viability of SARS-CoV-2 on lettuce, chicken, and salmon and its inactivation by peracetic acid, ethanol, and chlorine dioxide. Food Microbiol 2023; 110:104164. [PMID: 36462820 PMCID: PMC9560751 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the first SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Wuhan, China, there has been continued concern over the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and food. However, there are few studies on the viability and removal of SARS-CoV-2 contaminating food. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of SARS-CoV-2 on food matrices, depending on storage temperature, and inactivate the virus contaminating food using disinfectants. Two SARS-CoV-2 strains (L and S types) were used to contaminate lettuce, chicken, and salmon, which were then stored at 20,4 and -40 °C. The half-life of SARS-CoV-2 at 20 °C was 3-7 h but increased to 24-46 h at 4 °C and exceeded 100 h at -40 °C. SARS-CoV-2 persisted longer on chicken or salmon than on lettuce. Treatment with 70% ethanol for 1 min inactivated 3.25 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 inoculated on lettuce but not on chicken and salmon. ClO2 inactivated up to 2 log reduction of SARS-CoV-2 on foods. Peracetic acid was able to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 from all foods. The virucidal effect of all disinfectants used in this study did not differ between the two SARS-CoV-2 strains; therefore, they could also be effective against other SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study demonstrated that the viability of SARS-CoV-2 can be extended at 4 and -40 °C and peracetic acid can inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontag Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daseul Yeo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhaoqi Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Woo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeeun Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Wang M, Liu H, Ren J, Huang Y, Deng Y, Liu Y, Chen Z, Chow FWN, Leung PHM, Li S. Enzyme-Assisted Nucleic Acid Amplification in Molecular Diagnosis: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020160. [PMID: 36831926 PMCID: PMC9953907 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases and tumors have become the biggest medical challenges in the 21st century. They are driven by multiple factors such as population growth, aging, climate change, genetic predispositions and more. Nucleic acid amplification technologies (NAATs) are used for rapid and accurate diagnostic testing, providing critical information in order to facilitate better follow-up treatment and prognosis. NAATs are widely used due their high sensitivity, specificity, rapid amplification and detection. It should be noted that different NAATs can be selected according to different environments and research fields; for example, isothermal amplification with a simple operation can be preferred in developing countries or resource-poor areas. In the field of translational medicine, CRISPR has shown great prospects. The core component of NAAT lies in the activity of different enzymes. As the most critical material of nucleic acid amplification, the key role of the enzyme is self-evident, playing the upmost important role in molecular diagnosis. In this review, several common enzymes used in NAATs are compared and described in detail. Furthermore, we summarize both the advances and common issues of NAATs in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Hongna Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yunqi Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Franklin Wang-Ngai Chow
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Polly Hang-Mei Leung
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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7
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Iqbal R, Khan S, Ali HM, Khan M, Wahab S, Khan T. Application of nanomaterials against SARS-CoV-2: An emphasis on their usefulness against emerging variants of concern. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.1060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Researchers are now looking to nanomaterials to fight serious infectious diseases that cause outbreaks and even pandemics. SARS-CoV-2 brought chaos to almost every walk of life in the past 2 years and has challenged every available treatment method. Although vaccines were developed in no time against it, the most pressing issue was the emergence of variants of concern arising because of the rapidly evolving viral strains. The higher pathogenicity and, in turn, the higher mortality rate of infections caused by these variants renders the existing vaccines less effective and the effort to produce further vaccines a costly endeavor. While several techniques, such as immunotherapy and repurposed pharmaceutical research, are being studied to minimize viral infection, the fundamentals of nanotechnology must also be considered to enhance the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efforts. For instance, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been applied against SARS-CoV-2 effectively. Similarly, nanomaterials have been tested in masks, gloves, and disinfectants to aid in controlling SARS-CoV-2. Nanotechnology has also contributed to diagnoses such as rapid and accurate detection and treatment such as the delivery of mRNA vaccines and other antiviral agents into the body. The development of polymeric nanoparticles has been dubbed a strategy of choice over traditional drugs because of their tunable release kinetics, specificity, and multimodal drug composition. Our article explores the potential of nanomaterials in managing the variants of concern. This will be achieved by highlighting the inherent ability of nanomaterials to act against the virus on fronts such as inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry, inhibition of RNA replication in SARS-CoV-2, and finally, inhibition of their release. In this review, a detailed discussion on the potential of nanomaterials in these areas will be tallied with their potential against the current and emerging future variants of concern.
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Zhang M, Zhang P, Liang Y, Du B, Li L, Yu Z, Wang H, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhang W. A systematic review of current status and challenges of vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:1212-1224. [PMID: 36257126 PMCID: PMC9557115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has inflicted immense damage to countries, economies and societies worldwide. Authorized COVID-19 vaccines based on different platforms have been widely inoculated in adults, showing up to 100% immunogenicity with significant efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections and the occurrence of severe COVID-19. It has also greatly slowed the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants, as shown in clinical trials and real-world evidence. However, the total dosage of COVID-19 vaccines for children is much smaller than that for adults due to limitations from parental concern of vaccine safety, presenting a potential obstacle in ending the COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 not only increases the risk of severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) in children, but also negatively affects children's psychology and academics, indirectly hindering the maintenance and progress of normal social order. Therefore, this article examines the clinical manifestations of children infected with SARS-CoV-2, the status of vaccination against COVID-19 in children, vaccination-related adverse events, and the unique immune mechanisms of children. In particular, the necessity and challenges of vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2 were highlighted from the perspectives of society and family. In summary, parental hesitancy is unnecessary as adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination have been proven to be infrequent, comprise of mild symptoms, and have a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Bang Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Qionglin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China.
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9
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Li Q, Liu X, Li L, Hu X, Cui G, Sun R, Zhang D, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Shen S, He P, Li S, Liu Y, Yu Z, Ren Z. Comparison of clinical characteristics between SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and Delta variant infections in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:944909. [PMID: 36313994 PMCID: PMC9597612 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.944909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The continued 'evolution' of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the emergence of the Omicron variant after the Delta variant, resulting in a significant increase in the number of people with COVID-19. This increase in the number of cases continues to have a significant impact on lives. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the clinical characteristics of Omicron infection is essential. Methods Using medical charts, we extracted clinical information for 384 patients infected with the Omicron variant in Anyang City, Henan Province, China. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics were compared with a cohort of people infected with the Delta variant in Zhengzhou in 2021. Findings Common initial symptoms at onset of illness were cough [240 (63%)], expectoration [112 (29%)], fever [96 (25%)], nasal congestion [96 (25%)] and myalgia or fatigue [30 (6%)]. In patients with the Omicron variant, levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and creatinine increased in 52 (14%), 36 (9%) and 58 (15%) patients, respectively, compared with patients with the Delta variant [one (1%), one (1%) and two (2%)]. Levels of triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein also increased. In patients with the Omicron variant, the levels of specific gravity and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased in 115 (30%) and 81 (21%) patients, and serum levels of complement 3 decreased in 93 (41%). Results Compared with patients infected with Delta, no major differences in initial clinical symptoms were identified in patients infected with Omicron. However, dyslipidemia and kidney injury were much more severe in patients with the Omicron variant, and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was increased. Due to decreased levels of complement 3, the immunity of patients with the Omicron variant was weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Juan Li
- Anyang City Fifth People’s Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Anyang City Fifth People’s Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Anyang City Fifth People’s Hospital, Anyang, China
| | - Shen Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zujiang Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zujiang Yu,
| | - Zhigang Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Precision Medicine Center, Gene Hospital of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,Zhigang Ren,
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10
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Noor R. How do the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants escape the host protective immunity and mediate pathogenesis? BULLETIN OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTRE 2022; 46:255. [PMID: 36254244 PMCID: PMC9556142 DOI: 10.1186/s42269-022-00945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Background To protect the global population from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory β-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a number of vaccines are currently being used in three dosages (i.e., along with the booster dose) to induce the immunity required to combat the SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. So far, several antivirals and the commercial vaccines have been found to evoke the required humoral and cellular immunity within a huge population around world. However, an important aspect to consider is the avoidance mechanism of the host protective immunity by SARS-CoV-2 variants. Main body of the abstract Indeed, such an immune escape strategy has been noticed previously in case of SARS-CoV-1 and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Regarding the SARS-CoV-2 variants, the most important aspect on vaccine development is to determine whether the vaccine is actually capable to elicit the immune response or not, especially the viral spike (S) protein. Short conclusion Present review thus focused on such elicitation of immunity as well as pondered to the avoidance of host immunity by the SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan strain and its variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed Noor
- Department of Life Sciences (DLS), School of Environment and Life Sciences (SELS), Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), Plot 16, Block B, Aftabuddin Ahmed Road, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229 Bangladesh
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11
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Palyanova N, Sobolev I, Alekseev A, Glushenko A, Kazachkova E, Markhaev A, Kononova Y, Gulyaeva M, Adamenko L, Kurskaya O, Bi Y, Xin Y, Sharshov K, Shestopalov A. Genomic and Epidemiological Features of COVID-19in the Novosibirsk Region during the Beginning of the Pandemic. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092036. [PMID: 36146842 PMCID: PMC9501018 DOI: 10.3390/v14092036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this retrospective, single-center study, we conducted an analysis of 13,699 samples from different individuals obtained from the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, from 1 April to 30 May 2020 in Novosibirsk region (population 2.8 million people). We identified 6.49% positive for SARS-CoV-2 cases out of the total number of diagnostic tests, and 42% of them were from asymptomatic people. We also detected two asymptomatic people, who had no confirmed contact with patients with COVID-19. The highest percentage of positive samples was observed in the 80+ group (16.3%), while among the children and adults it did not exceed 8%. Among all the people tested, 2423 came from a total of 80 different destinations and only 27 of them were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Out of all the positive samples, 15 were taken for SARS-CoV-2 sequencing. According to the analysis of the genome sequences, the SARS-CoV-2 variants isolated in the Novosibirsk region at the beginning of the pandemic belonged to three phylogenetic lineages according to the Pangolin classification: B.1, B.1.1, and B.1.1.129. All Novosibirsk isolates contained the D614G substitution in the Spike protein, two isolates werecharacterized by an additional M153T mutation, and one isolate wascharacterized by the L5F mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Palyanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Alekseev
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra Glushenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniya Kazachkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Markhaev
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Kononova
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Gulyaeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Science, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lubov Adamenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Kurskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuhua Xin
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kirill Sharshov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Shestopalov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
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12
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Houssein M, Al Hossainy AEA, Al Soussi J, El Batch J, El-Samadi L, El Imam S, Fakih R, Dakdouk H, Khalil M. Insights into COVID-19 vaccines development: Translation from benchside to bedside. HEALTH SCIENCES REVIEW (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2022; 4:100040. [PMID: 35856085 PMCID: PMC9271228 DOI: 10.1016/j.hsr.2022.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the rapid pace of vaccine development saved 37 million lives, mostly children. The ongoing corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused the death of more than 4 million worldwide. During 2020, to encounter the pandemic, scientists developed more than 300 vaccines projects against SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). In 2021, the results emerging from the clinical trials led to the approval and rollout of few vaccines in different countries. To date, at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine has been received by more than 3.81 billion people worldwide, equal to about 49.7 percent of the world population. This review was written to the aim of providing a snapshot of COVID-19 disease, highlighting the well-known vaccines, and, finally understanding the effect of mix and match vaccines from different types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Houssein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of General Sciences and English Language, College of Applied Sciences, Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aya El Asir Al Hossainy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jana Al Soussi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jana El Batch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lana El-Samadi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sherine El Imam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Fakih
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hoda Dakdouk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Molecular Biology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Shivshankar P, Karmouty-Quintana H, Mills T, Doursout MF, Wang Y, Czopik AK, Evans SE, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Host Response, Immunity, and Therapeutic Targets. Inflammation 2022; 45:1430-1449. [PMID: 35320469 PMCID: PMC8940980 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has resulted in a global pandemic with severe socioeconomic effects. Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and organ failure. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) on bronchiolar and alveolar epithelial cells triggers host inflammatory pathways that lead to pathophysiological changes. Proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferon (IFN) signaling in alveolar epithelial cells counter barrier disruption, modulate host innate immune response to induce chemotaxis, and initiate the resolution of inflammation. Here, we discuss experimental models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection, molecular pathways involved in SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, and viral hijacking of anti-inflammatory pathways, such as delayed type-I IFN response. Mechanisms of alveolar adaptation to hypoxia, adenosinergic signaling, and regulatory microRNAs are discussed as potential therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Shivshankar
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Critical Care, Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Francoise Doursout
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agnieszka K Czopik
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott E Evans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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14
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Moreira RS, Filho VB, Calomeno NA, Wagner G, Miletti LC. EpiBuilder: A Tool for Assembling, Searching, and Classifying B-Cell Epitopes. Bioinform Biol Insights 2022; 16:11779322221095221. [PMID: 35571557 PMCID: PMC9102138 DOI: 10.1177/11779322221095221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epitopes are portions of a protein that are recognized by antibodies. These small amino acid sequences represent a significant breakthrough in a branch of bioinformatics called immunoinformatics. Various software are available for linear B-cell epitope (BCE) prediction such as ABCPred, SVMTrip, EpiDope, and EpitopeVec; a well-known BCE predictor is BepiPred-2.0. However, despite the prediction, there are several essential steps, such as epitope assembly, evaluation, and searching for epitopes in other proteomes. Here, we present EpiBuilder (https://epibuilder.sourceforge.io), a user friendly software that assists in epitope assembly, classifying and searching using input results of BepiPred-2.0. EpiBuilder generates several output results from these data and supports a proteome-wide processing approach. In addition, this software provides the following features: Chou & Fasman beta-turn prediction, Emini surface accessibility prediction, Karplus and Schulz flexibility prediction, Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity, Parker hydrophilicity prediction, N-glycosylation domains, and hydropathy. These information generate a unique topology for each epitope, visually demonstrating its characteristics. The software can search the entire epitope sequence in various FASTA files, and it allows to use BLASTP to identify epitopes that eventually have sequence variations. As an EpiBuilder application, we developed a epitope dataset from the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, the gram-positive bacterium Clostridioides difficile, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Simões Moreira
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas e Vetores, Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
- Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina (IFSC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Benetti Filho
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nathália Anderson Calomeno
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas e Vetores, Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luiz Claudio Miletti
- Laboratório de Hemoparasitas e Vetores, Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages, Brazil
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15
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Li J, Chen G, Meng Z, Wu Z, Gan H, Zhu X, Han P, Liu T, Wang F, Gu R, Dou G. Bioavailability Enhancement of Cepharanthine via Pulmonary Administration in Rats and Its Therapeutic Potential for Pulmonary Fibrosis Associated with COVID-19 Infection. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092745. [PMID: 35566097 PMCID: PMC9104485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cepharanthine (CEP) has excellent anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties, indicating its favorable potential for COVID-19 treatment. However, its application is challenged by its poor dissolubility and oral bioavailability. The present study aimed to improve the bioavailability of CEP by optimizing its solubility and through a pulmonary delivery method, which improved its bioavailability by five times when compared to that through the oral delivery method (68.07% vs. 13.15%). An ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for quantification of CEP in rat plasma was developed and validated to support the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. In addition, pulmonary fibrosis was recognized as a sequela of COVID-19 infection, warranting further evaluation of the therapeutic potential of CEP on a rat lung fibrosis model. The antifibrotic effect was assessed by analysis of lung index and histopathological examination, detection of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and hydroxyproline level in serum or lung tissues. Our data demonstrated that CEP could significantly alleviate bleomycin (BLM)-induced collagen accumulation and inflammation, thereby exerting protective effects against pulmonary fibrosis. Our results provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that pulmonary delivery CEP may be a promising therapy for pulmonary fibrosis associated with COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Guangrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Peng Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Taoyun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Fanjun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; (G.C.); (Z.M.); (Z.W.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (P.H.); (T.L.); (F.W.); (G.D.)
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16
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Lu H, Li J, Yang P, Jiang F, Liu H, Cui F. Mutation in the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase of a Symbiotic Virus Is Associated With the Adaptability of the Viral Host. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:883436. [PMID: 35432275 PMCID: PMC9005967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.883436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host adaptation has the potential to cause rapid genetic variation in symbiotic microorganisms in insects. How mutations in symbiotic viruses favor viral fitness in hosts and even influence host adaptability to new environments remains elusive. Here, we explored the role of genetic divergence at one site of a symbiotic virus, Acyrthosiphon pisum virus (APV), in the host aphid's adaptation to unfavorable plants. Based on the transcriptomes of the pea aphid Vicia faba colony and Vicia villosa colony, 46 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites were found in the APV genomes from the two aphid colonies. One SNP at site 5,990, G5990A, located at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain, demonstrated a predominance from G to A when the host aphids were shifted from V. faba to the low-fitness plants V. villosa or Medicago sativa. This SNP resulted in a substitution from serine (S) to asparagine (N) at site 196 in RdRp. Although S196N was predicted to be located at a random coil far away from conserved functional motifs, the polymerase activity of the N196 type of RdRp was increased by 44.5% compared to that of the S196 type. The promoted enzymatic activity of RdRp was associated with a higher replication level of APV, which was beneficial for aphids as APV suppressed plant's resistance reactions toward aphids. The findings showed a novel case in which mutations selected in a symbiotic virus may confer a favor on the host as the host adapts to new environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Li Y, Jiang Y, Li Z, Yu Y, Chen J, Jia W, Kaow Ng Y, Ye F, Cheng Li S, Shen B. Both simulation and sequencing data reveal coinfections with multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in the COVID-19 pandemic. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1389-1401. [PMID: 35342534 PMCID: PMC8930779 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA betacoronavirus with a high mutation rate. The rapidly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants could increase transmissibility and diminish vaccine protection. However, whether coinfection with multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants exists remains controversial. This study collected 12,986 and 4,113 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from the GISAID database on May 11, 2020 (GISAID20May11), and Apr 1, 2021 (GISAID21Apr1), respectively. With single-nucleotide variant (SNV) and network clique analyses, we constructed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) coexistence networks and discovered maximal SNP cliques of sizes 16 and 34 in the GISAID20May11 and GISAID21Apr1 datasets, respectively. Simulating the transmission routes and SNV accumulations, we discovered a linear relationship between the size of the maximal clique and the number of coinfected variants. We deduced that the COVID-19 cases in GISAID20May11 and GISAID21Apr1 were coinfections with 3.20 and 3.42 variants on average, respectively. Additionally, we performed Nanopore sequencing on 42 COVID-19 patients and discovered recurrent heterozygous SNPs in twenty of the patients, including loci 8,782 and 28,144, which were crucial for SARS-CoV-2 lineage divergence. In conclusion, our findings reported SARS-CoV-2 variants coinfection in COVID-19 patients and demonstrated the increasing number of coinfected variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhu Li
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610212, China
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yiqi Jiang
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhengtu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yonghan Yu
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiaxing Chen
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wenlong Jia
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yen Kaow Ng
- Kotai Biotechnologies, Inc., Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Feng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shuai Cheng Li
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610212, China
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18
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Yépez Y, Marcano-Ruiz M, Bezerra RS, Fam B, Ximenez JPB, Silva WA, Bortolini MC. Evolutionary history of the SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant of concern (P.1): a perfect storm. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210309. [PMID: 35266951 PMCID: PMC8908351 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to describe in more detail the evolutionary history of Gamma and two derived lineages (P.1.1 and P.1.2), which are part of the arms race that SARS-CoV-2 wages with its host. A total of 4,977 sequences of the Gamma strain of SARS-CoV-2 from Brazil were analyzed. We detected 194 sites under positive selection in 12 genes/ORFs: Spike, N, M, E, ORF1a, ORF1b, ORF3, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, and ORF10. Some diagnostic sites for Gamma lacked a signature of positive selection in our study, but these were not fixed, apparently escaping the action of purifying selection. Our network analyses revealed branches leading to expanding haplotypes with sites under selection only detected when P.1.1 and P.1.2 were considered. The P.1.2 exclusive haplotype H_5 originated from a non-synonymous mutational step (H3509Y) in H_1 of ORF1a. The selected allele, 3509Y, represents an adaptive novelty involving ORF1a of P.1. Finally, we discuss how phenomena such as epistasis and antagonistic pleiotropy could limit the emergence of new alleles (and combinations thereof) in SARS-COV-2 lineages, maintaining infectivity in humans, while providing rapid response capabilities to face the arms race triggered by host immuneresponses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Yépez
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética,
Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Marcano-Ruiz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética,
Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Bezerra
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bibiana Fam
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética,
Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João PB Ximenez
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson A Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto,
Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisa do Câncer de Guarapuava, Guarapuava, PR,
Brazil
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Genética,
Laboratório de Evolução Humana e Molecular, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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19
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Fu X, Qiang Y, Liu X, Jiang Y, Cui Z, Zhang D, Wang J. Will multi-industry supply chains' resilience under the impact of COVID-19 pandemic be different? A perspective from China's highway freight transport. TRANSPORT POLICY 2022; 118:165-178. [PMID: 35125680 PMCID: PMC8799319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) continues to disrupt the global supply chain system, bringing new risks and challenges. The uncertainty created by COVID-19 makes it is difficult for various industries to deal with the pandemic. Since the pandemic, the supply chain's resilience has been discussed and examined in some studies. However, most existing works start from a single industry perspective or pay more attention to the disturbance caused by changes in the production side. Supply chain networks of different industries, mainly transport networks, are relatively limited under the epidemic's impact. In this paper, from the perspective of highway freight transport, a comprehensive competitiveness evaluation framework was proposed to reveal and the disruption and resilience of the supply chain under the outbreak based on nine indexes with five dimensions, including efficiency, capacity, activity, connectivity, and negotiability. Based on the availability of the data(Large-scale truck trajectory), we sorted out seven categories of Chinese industries(related to highway transport) and divided them into four categories respectively: (a) Slight disruption and worse resilience; (b) Slight disruption and remarkable resilience; (c) Serious disruption and worse resilience; (d) Serious disruption and remarkable resilience. The measurement results of supply chain network performance show that the industries (cold-chain, general products, and other industries) dominated by "Efficiency - Negotiability - Connectivity" are slightly disrupted (about 33%), forming a spatial diffusion with Wuhan(the city where the pandemic first broke out) as the disrupted center, spreading outward in a circle structure. Simultaneously, five urban agglomerations surrounding it have been impacted. By contrast, due to the strict isolation measures, the industries (building materials, construction, engineering, and high-value products industry) more vulnerable to be disrupted seriously (about 82%) tend to be the pattern of "Capacity - Activity". However, a large-scale centralized disruption was observed in the Triangle of Central China urban agglomeration was presented, resulting in almost stagnation of industry development. Meanwhile, as the future of the pandemic remains uncertain, the supply chain represented by the engineering industry, construction industry, etc are deserved to be paid more attention in line with they are prone to large-scale centralized damage due to the disruption of a single city node.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xian, 710064, China
| | - Yongjie Qiang
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xian, 710064, China
| | - Xuxu Liu
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xian, 710064, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
- School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University Kasumi 1-2-3 Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Zhiwei Cui
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xian, 710064, China
| | - Deyu Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Chang'an University, Xian, 710064, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xian, 710064, China
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20
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Ghorbani A, Samarfard S, Jajarmi M, Bagheri M, Karbanowicz TP, Afsharifar A, Eskandari MH, Niazi A, Izadpanah K. Highlight of potential impact of new viral genotypes of SARS-CoV-2 on vaccines and anti-viral therapeutics. GENE REPORTS 2022; 26:101537. [PMID: 35128175 PMCID: PMC8808475 DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, has infected millions of people globally. Genetic variation and selective pressures lead to the accumulation of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the viral genome that may affect virulence, transmission rate, viral recognition and the efficacy of prophylactic and interventional measures. To address these concerns at the genomic level, we assessed the phylogeny and SNPs of the SARS-CoV-2 mutant population collected to date in Iran in relation to globally reported variants. Phylogenetic analysis of mutant strains revealed the occurrence of the variants known as B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.525 (Eta), and B.1.617 (Delta) that appear to have delineated independently in Iran. SNP analysis of the Iranian sequences revealed that the mutations were predominantly positioned within the S protein-coding region, with most SNPs localizing to the S1 subunit. Seventeen S1-localizing SNPs occurred in the RNA binding domain that interacts with ACE2 of the host cell. Importantly, many of these SNPs are predicted to influence the binding of antibodies and anti-viral therapeutics, indicating that the adaptive host response appears to be imposing a selective pressure that is driving the evolution of the virus in this closed population through enhancing virulence. The SNPs detected within these mutant cohorts are addressed with respect to current prophylactic measures and therapeutic interventions.
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Key Words
- ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- Antiviral drugs
- Bioinformatics
- CSSE, Center for Systems Science and Engineering
- E, Envelope
- FP, Fusion peptide
- HR1, Heptad repeat 1
- HR2, Heptad repeat 2
- IC, Intracellular domain
- JHU, Johns Hopkins University
- M, Membrane
- Mutation detection
- N, Nucleocapsid
- NAG, N-acetylglucosamine
- NSP, Non-structural proteins
- NTD, N-terminal domain
- Phylogenetic analysis
- RBD, Receptor-binding domain
- S, Spike glycoprotein
- SARS-CoV-2
- SARS-CoV-2, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2;
- SD1, Subdomain 1
- SD2, Subdomain 2
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- SP, Structural proteins
- TM, Transmembrane region
- UTRs, Untranslated regions
- Viral vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Abozar Ghorbani
- Plant Virology Research Centre, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Samarfard
- Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industry and Resources, Berrimah, NT 0828 Australia
| | - Maziar Jajarmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahboube Bagheri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bardsir Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virology Research Centre, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Eskandari
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Sartor ITS, Varela FH, Meireles MR, Kern LB, Azevedo TR, Giannini GLT, da Silva MS, Demoliner M, Gularte JS, de Almeida PR, Fleck JD, Zavaglia GO, Fernandes IR, de David CN, Santos AP, de Almeida WAF, Porto VBG, Scotta MC, Vieira GF, Spilki FR, Stein RT, Polese-Bonatto M. Y380Q novel mutation in receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein together with C379W interfere in the neutralizing antibodies interaction. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 102:115636. [PMID: 35219552 PMCID: PMC8761118 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to describe the SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating early pandemic among samples with S gene dropout and characterize the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of viral spike protein. Adults and children older than 2 months with signs and symptoms of COVID-19 were prospectively enrolled from May to October in Porto Alegre, Brazil. All participants performed RT-PCR assay, and samples with S gene dropout and cycle threshold < 30 were submitted to high-throughput sequencing (HTS). 484 out of 1,557 participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The S gene dropout was detected in 7.4% (36/484) and a peak was observed in August. The B.1.1.28, B.1.91 and B.1.1.33 lineages were circulating in early pandemic. The RBD novel mutation (Y380Q) was found in one sample occurring simultaneously with C379W and V395A, and the B.1.91 lineage in the spike protein. The Y380Q and C379W may interfere with the binding of neutralizing antibodies (CR3022, EY6A, H014, S304).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Hammes Varela
- Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Rost Meireles
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Meriane Demoliner
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Universidade FEEVALE, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliane Deise Fleck
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Universidade FEEVALE, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Amanda Paz Santos
- Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Comerlato Scotta
- Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Fioravanti Vieira
- Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program in Health and Human Development, Universidade La Salle, Canoas, Brazil
| | | | - Renato T Stein
- Social Responsibility, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil; School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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22
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Fallah A, Razavi Nikoo H, Abbasi H, Mohammad-Hasani A, Hosseinzadeh Colagar A, Khosravi A. Features of Pathobiology and Clinical Translation of Approved Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019. Intervirology 2021; 65:119-133. [PMID: 34666335 PMCID: PMC8805078 DOI: 10.1159/000520234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently the most important etiological agent of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with millions of infections and deaths in the last 2 years worldwide. Several reasons and parameters are responsible for the difficult management of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients; the first is virus behavioral factors such as high transmission rate, and the different molecular and cellular mechanisms of pathogenesis remain a matter of controversy, which is another factor. Summary In the present review, we attempted to explain about features of SARS-COV-2, particularly focusing on the various aspects of pathogenesis and treatment strategies. Key Messages We note evidence for the understanding of the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, which can help design the appropriate drug or vaccine. Additionally, and importantly, we reported the updated issues associated with the history and development of treatment strategies such as, drugs, vaccines, and other medications that have been approved or under consideration in clinics and markets worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fallah
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi Nikoo
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Abbasi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mohammad-Hasani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ayyoob Khosravi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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23
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COVID-19 and Cancer Therapy: Interrelationships and Management of Cancer Cases in the Era of COVID-19. J CHEM-NY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global epidemic poses this generation’s biggest worldwide public health challenge probably since the 1918 influenza epidemic. Recent reports on two new variants have triggered a dramatic upsurge in research to understand the pandemic, primarily focussing on the virology, triggers, clinical characteristics, and diagnostic tests including the prevention and management of the novel coronavirus. Whilst such studies are important in managing the present medical emergency, there is a need for further work to include interdependencies between the epidemic and other illnesses. This will help in developing effective approaches to treat and manage associated diseases in both the short and the long term. In this regard, people living with cancer are a subgroup that is highly vulnerable to respiratory infections and acute pneumonitis similar to the one caused by the COVID-19 virus. This is because the state of their immunity is compromised due to malignancy and the adverse effects of anticancer treatments. With annual cancer projections rising globally and an estimated 70 percent of all cancer-related deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries, the patient population with impaired immune systems that could be adversely impacted by COVID-19 is only anticipated to rise. In this review, we delve into the challenges and health risks facing cancer patients and cancer treatment in the COVID-19 context, with suggestions into viable measures which can be taken to minimize exposure to the risk of contracting COVID-19 for this vulnerable subgroup. New mutations and the prospects offered by vaccines development and how they relate to this class of patients are also discussed.
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24
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Vázquez-Valadez VH, Hernández-Serda A, Jiménez-Cabiedes MF, Aguirre-Vidal P, González-Tapia I, Carreño-Vargas L, Alarcón-López YA, Espejel-Fuentes A, Martínez-Soriano P, Lugo Álvarez M, Velázquez-Sánchez AM, Markarian NM, Angeles E, Abrahamyan L. Evaluation of Inhibitory Activity In Silico of In-House Thiomorpholine Compounds between the ACE2 Receptor and S1 Subunit of SARS-CoV-2 Spike. Pathogens 2021; 10:1208. [PMID: 34578240 PMCID: PMC8468748 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
At the end of 2019, the world was struck by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in dire repercussions of unimaginable proportions. From the beginning, the international scientific community employed several strategies to tackle the spread of this disease. Most notably, these consisted of the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and the discovery of antiviral agents through the repositioning of already known drugs with methods such as de novo design. Previously, methylthiomorphic compounds, designed by our group as antihypertensive agents, have been shown to display an affinity with the ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme) receptor, a key mechanism required for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) entry into target cells. Therefore, the objective of this work consists of evaluating, in silico, the inhibitory activity of these compounds between the ACE2 receptor and the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Supported by the advances of different research groups on the structure of the coronavirus spike and the interaction of the latter with its receptor, ACE2, we carried out a computational study that examined the effect of in-house designed compounds on the inhibition of said interaction. Our results indicate that the polyphenol LQM322 is one of the candidates that should be considered as a possible anti-COVID-19 agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H. Vázquez-Valadez
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas FES Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Serda
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas FES Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (A.H.-S.); (P.M.-S.); (A.M.V.-S.); (E.A.)
| | - Ma. Fernanda Jiménez-Cabiedes
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (M.F.J.-C.); (P.A.-V.); (I.G.-T.); (L.C.-V.); (Y.A.A.-L.); (A.E.-F.); (M.L.Á.)
| | - Pablo Aguirre-Vidal
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (M.F.J.-C.); (P.A.-V.); (I.G.-T.); (L.C.-V.); (Y.A.A.-L.); (A.E.-F.); (M.L.Á.)
| | - Ingrid González-Tapia
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (M.F.J.-C.); (P.A.-V.); (I.G.-T.); (L.C.-V.); (Y.A.A.-L.); (A.E.-F.); (M.L.Á.)
| | - Laura Carreño-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (M.F.J.-C.); (P.A.-V.); (I.G.-T.); (L.C.-V.); (Y.A.A.-L.); (A.E.-F.); (M.L.Á.)
| | - Yoshio A. Alarcón-López
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (M.F.J.-C.); (P.A.-V.); (I.G.-T.); (L.C.-V.); (Y.A.A.-L.); (A.E.-F.); (M.L.Á.)
| | - Andrea Espejel-Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (M.F.J.-C.); (P.A.-V.); (I.G.-T.); (L.C.-V.); (Y.A.A.-L.); (A.E.-F.); (M.L.Á.)
| | - Pablo Martínez-Soriano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas FES Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (A.H.-S.); (P.M.-S.); (A.M.V.-S.); (E.A.)
| | - Miguel Lugo Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal y Teórica FESC, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (M.F.J.-C.); (P.A.-V.); (I.G.-T.); (L.C.-V.); (Y.A.A.-L.); (A.E.-F.); (M.L.Á.)
| | - Ana María Velázquez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas FES Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (A.H.-S.); (P.M.-S.); (A.M.V.-S.); (E.A.)
| | - Nathan Marko Markarian
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Enrique Angeles
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas FES Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. 1 de Mayo SN Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, México CP 54750, Mexico; (A.H.-S.); (P.M.-S.); (A.M.V.-S.); (E.A.)
| | - Levon Abrahamyan
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA) and Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
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25
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Zocchi E, Terrazzano G. COVID-19: why not learn from the past? Front Med 2021; 15:776-781. [PMID: 34463906 PMCID: PMC8407128 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
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26
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Awadasseid A, Yin Q, Wu Y, Zhang W. Potential protective role of the anti-PD-1 blockade against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111957. [PMID: 34339917 PMCID: PMC8315943 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and its global dissemination became the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. In patients undergoing immunotherapy, the effect and path of viral infection remain uncertain. In addition, viral-infected mice and humans show T-cell exhaustion, which is identified after infection with SARS-CoV-2. Notably, they regain their T-cell competence and effectively prevent viral infection when treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Four clinical trials are officially open to evaluate anti-PD-1 antibody administration's effectiveness for cancer and non-cancer individuals influenced by COVID-19 based on these findings. The findings may demonstrate the hypothesis that a winning strategy to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection could be the restoration of exhausted T-cells. In this review, we outline the potential protective function of the anti-PD-1 blockade against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the aim to develop SARS-CoV-2 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annoor Awadasseid
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Department of Biochemistry & Food Sciences, University of Kordofan, El-Obeid 51111, Sudan
| | - Qiang Yin
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- Lab of Molecular Immunology, Virus Inspection Department, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lab of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; Institute of Drug Development & Chemical Biology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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27
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Gilliland T, Liu Y, Li R, Dunn M, Cottle E, Terada Y, Ryckman Z, Alcorn M, Vasilatos S, Lundy J, Larson D, Wu H, Luke T, Bausch C, Egland K, Sullivan E, Wang Z, Klimstra WB. Protection of human ACE2 transgenic Syrian hamsters from SARS CoV-2 variants by human polyclonal IgG from hyper-immunized transchromosomic bovines. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34341790 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.26.453840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pandemic SARS CoV-2 has been undergoing rapid evolution during spread throughout the world resulting in the emergence of many Spike protein variants, some of which appear to either evade antibody neutralization, transmit more efficiently, or potentially exhibit increased virulence. This raises significant concerns regarding the long-term efficacy of protection elicited after primary infection and/or from vaccines derived from single virus Spike (S) genotypes, as well as the efficacy of anti-S monoclonal antibody based therapeutics. Here, we used fully human polyclonal human IgG (SAB-185), derived from hyperimmunization of transchromosomic bovines with DNA plasmids encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Wa-1 strain S protein or purified ectodomain of S protein, to examine the neutralizing capacity of SAB-185 in vitro and the protective efficacy of passive SAB-185 antibody (Ab) transfer in vivo . The Ab preparation was tested for neutralization against five variant SARS-CoV-2 strains: Munich (Spike D614G), UK (B.1.1.7), Brazil (P.1) and SA (B.1.3.5) variants, and a variant isolated from a chronically infected immunocompromised patient (Spike Δ144-146). For the in vivo studies, we used a new human ACE2 (hACE2) transgenic Syrian hamster model that exhibits lethality after SARS-Cov-2 challenge and the Munich, UK, SA and Δ144-146 variants. SAB-185 neutralized each of the SARS-CoV-2 strains equivalently on Vero E6 cells, however, a control convalescent human serum sample was less effective at neutralizing the SA variant. In the hamster model, prophylactic SAB-185 treatment protected the hamsters from fatal disease and minimized clinical signs of infection. These results suggest that SAB-185 may be an effective treatment for patients infected with SARS CoV-2 variants.
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A Review on the Effectivity of the Current COVID-19 Drugs and Vaccines: Are They Really Working Against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants? CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 8:186-193. [PMID: 34249605 PMCID: PMC8254629 DOI: 10.1007/s40588-021-00172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review In order to eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists around the world have been working very hard for a year or more with the motto of designing effective drugs and vaccines against the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Along with the positive results with the antiviral drugs and a few commercialized vaccines, the unresponsiveness as well as some side effects of such therapies have also been noticed, possibly due to the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, current review summarized the actual effectiveness of the antivirals and vaccines which are in current use for the treatment of the COVID-19 patients. Recent Findings So far, some drugs have been found with hopeful results among which remdesivir and arbidol are with momentous clinical progress. Besides drug designing, vaccine development has been a major effort whereby the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines showed the required efficacy and have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). Summary While a number of existing/repurposed/repositioned or new drugs and the currently used commercial vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 apparently seem to be effective against COVID-19 mitigation, the new variants of the virus as well as the recently increased cases raised the doubt about the usefulness of these agents. Current review figured out the efficacy of different drugs and vaccines in terms of their action potential against SARS-CoV-2 and further recommended some useful measures which may be useful for future remedies.
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Raheem R, Alsayed R, Yousif E, Hairunisa NH. Coronavirus new variants: the mutations cause and the effect on the treatment and vaccination. BAGHDAD JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.47419/bjbabs.v2i02.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The world has watched with growing alarm as scientists in the U.K. Identified a new coronavirus variant that appears to be more contagious than, and genetically distinct from, other established variants. The scientists keep collecting the facts about the new variant and its impact on symptom, severity, mortality, and vaccine efficacy.
Objective: This review shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 2020 virus that appeared in Britain and South Africa in December 2020, known as B.1.1.7. Furthermore, it highlights the main differences between the new COVID-19 version (B.1.1.7) and the other strains of the virus.
Conclusion: Mutations are still happening in the SARS-CoV-2 virus as the RNA viruses cause many changes in the proteins of the spikes of the virus and other parts. The British variant has 23 mutations, compared with the version that erupted in Wuhan, that renders the virus more contagious; however, these mutations do not change the disease's severity.
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30
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Takayama S, Namiki T, Odaguchi H, Arita R, Hisanaga A, Mitani K, Ito T. Prevention and Recovery of COVID-19 Patients With Kampo Medicine: Review of Case Reports and Ongoing Clinical Trials. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:656246. [PMID: 34248620 PMCID: PMC8261067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.656246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread to Japan in 2020, where the number of infected patients exceeded 250,000 and COVID-related deaths exceeded 3,500 in one year. Basic guidelines for infection control were implemented in Japan, and research and development of effective drugs and vaccines were promoted. This included considering Kampo medicine, which has a long history of treating recurring emerging viral infections. Considering the characteristics of the disease (inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as potential neural damage and vasculitis), Kampo medicine could be considered as a treatment strategy due to its antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects induced by multiple active substances that could aid in disease prevention and recovery. In this study, case reports on the management of COVID-19 with Kampo medicine, which were published until March 31, 2021, were reviewed. The search strategy involved the use of Medline and hand-searching. Twenty two patients were treated using Kampo medicines with or without Western medicine, based on individual conditions. On the other hand, the effects of Kampo medicines as a potential preventive treatment (pre-infection), active treatment (especially in the acute and subacute stage), or treatment of sequelae to aid recovery (after infection) in the different stages of COVID-19 are being studied as research projects in the Japan Society for Oriental Medicine (JSOM). JSOM has also organized a pioneering project of clinical trials for COVID-19, some of which are now in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takayama
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Kampo and Integrative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takao Namiki
- Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Odaguchi
- Oriental Medicine Research Center, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Arita
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akito Hisanaga
- Hospital Bando, Ibaraki, Japan.,Akashi Clinic Kanda, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuo Mitani
- Department of Yamato Kampo Medicine and Pharmacy Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Mitani Family Clinic, Osaka, Japan
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Zhussupov B, Saliev T, Sarybayeva G, Altynbekov K, Tanabayeva S, Altynbekov S, Tuleshova G, Pavalkis D, Fakhradiyev I. Analysis of COVID-19 pandemics in Kazakhstan. J Res Health Sci 2021; 21:e00512. [PMID: 34465636 PMCID: PMC8957677 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2021.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to analyze the demographic and epidemiological features of identified COVID-19 cases in Kazakhstan.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze COVID-19 cases (n=5116) collected from March 13 to June 6, 2020, in Kazakhstan. The data were obtained from a state official medical electronic database. The study investigated the geographic and demographic data of patients as well as the association of COVID-19 cases with gender and age. The prevalence of symptoms, the presence of comorbidities, complications, and COVID-19 mortality were determined for all patients.
Results: The mean ±SD age of the patients in this study was 34.8 ±17.6 years, and the majority (55.7%) of COVID-19 cases were male and residents of cities (79.6%). In total, 80% of the cases had the asymptomatic/mild form of the disease. Cough (20.8 %) and sore throat (17.1%) were the most common symptoms among patients, and pneumonia was diagnosed in 1 out of 5 cases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was recorded in 1.2% of the patients. The fatality rate was 1% in the study population and lethality was 2.6 times higher in males compared to females. Each additional year in age increased the probability of COVID-19 infection by 1.06 times. The presence of cardiovascular, diabetes, respiratory, and kidney diseases affected the rate of mortality (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The results demonstrated a high proportion (40%) of the asymptomatic type of coronavirus infection in the Kazakhstan population. The severity of COVID-19 symptoms and lethality were directly related to the age of patients and the presence of comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baurzhan Zhussupov
- National Center for Public Health, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Timur Saliev
- S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Kuanysh Altynbekov
- Republican Scientific and Practical Centre of Mental Health of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Shynar Tanabayeva
- S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Sagat Altynbekov
- S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Ildar Fakhradiyev
- S. D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
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Villoutreix BO, Krishnamoorthy R, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Beaune P. Chemoinformatic Analysis of Psychotropic and Antihistaminic Drugs in the Light of Experimental Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activities. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2021; 14:71-85. [PMID: 33880039 PMCID: PMC8051956 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s304649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is an urgent need to identify therapies that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and improve the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Objective Based upon clinical observations, we proposed that some psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could protect psychiatric patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This observation is investigated in the light of experimental in vitro data on SARS-CoV-2. Methods SARS-CoV-2 high-throughput screening results are available at the NCATS COVID-19 portal. We investigated the in vitro anti-viral activity of many psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs using chemoinformatics approaches. Results and Discussion We analyze our clinical observations in the light of SARS-CoV-2 experimental screening results and propose that several cationic amphiphilic psychotropic and antihistaminic drugs could protect people from SARS-CoV-2 infection; some of these molecules have very limited adverse effects and could be used as prophylactic drugs. Other cationic amphiphilic drugs used in other disease areas are also highlighted. Recent analyses of patient electronic health records reported by several research groups indicate that some of these molecules could be of interest at different stages of the disease progression. In addition, recently reported drug combination studies further suggest that it might be valuable to associate several cationic amphiphilic drugs. Taken together, these observations underline the need for clinical trials to fully evaluate the potentials of these molecules, some fitting in the so-called category of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. Repositioning orally available drugs that have moderate side effects and should act on molecular mechanisms less prone to drug resistance would indeed be of utmost importance to deal with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno O Villoutreix
- INSERM U1141, NeuroDiderot, Université de Paris, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, F-75019, France
| | - Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, IMRB, Laboratoire Neuropsychiatrie Translationnelle, AP-HP, Département Medico-Universitaire de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie (DMU ADAPT), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, F-94010, France
| | - Philippe Beaune
- INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris, Paris, 75006, France
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El-Sayed A, Kamel M. Coronaviruses in humans and animals: the role of bats in viral evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:19589-19600. [PMID: 33655480 PMCID: PMC7924989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Bats act as a natural reservoir for many viruses, including coronaviruses, and have played a crucial epidemiological role in the emergence of many viral diseases. Coronaviruses have been known for 60 years. They are usually responsible for the induction of mild respiratory signs in humans. However, since 2002, the bat-borne virus started to induce fatal epidemics according to WHO reports. In this year, the first serious human coronavirus epidemic (severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS) occurred (China, 8098 cases, 774 deaths [9.5% of the cases] in 17 countries). The case fatality was higher in elderly patients above 60 years and reached 50% of the cases. SARS epidemic was followed 10 years later by the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia (in 2012, 2260 cases, 803 deaths [35.5% of the cases] in 27 countries). Finally, in December 2019, a new epidemic in Wuhan, China, (corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19) emerged and could spread to 217 countries infecting more than 86,255,226 cases and killing 1,863,973 people by the end of 2020. There are many reasons why bats are ideal reservoir hosts for viral diseases such as the tolerance of their immune system to the invading viruses for several months. They can actively shed the viruses, although they develop no clinical signs (will be discussed in details later in the review). Bats were directly or indirectly involved in the three previous coronavirus epidemics. The indirect transmission takes place via intermediate hosts including civet cats for SARS and dromedary camels in the case of MERS. Although bats are believed to be the source of COVID-19 pandemic, direct pieces of evidence are still lacking. Therefore, coronaviruses' role in epidemics induction and the epidemiological role of bats are discussed. The current work also presents different evidence (phylogenetic data, animal experiments, bats artificial infection studies, and computerized models of SARS-CoV2 evolution) that underline the involvement of bats in the epidemiology of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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