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Yang J, Zhang Z, Pang C, Cao D, Yan D, Fan J. Comprehensive analysis of CXCL10 and MIP-3a reveals their potential clinical application in hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2024; 48:102071. [PMID: 39098213 PMCID: PMC11359764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression levels of interferon-γ-induced protein-10 (CXCL10) and macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3a) were investigated to clarify their clinical significance in HCC. The protein levels of CXCL10 and MIP-3a in the serum of 105 HBV-associated HCC patients, 50 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC), 50 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 50 healthy donors (HC) were detected by liquid chip technology (Luminex) or ELISA. In addition, their mRNA levels were also determined in liver cancer and adjacent cancer tissue (paracancer; ParaCa) from 65 HCC patients. The online database UALCAN was used to analyze the association between CXCL10 and pathological manifestations of liver cancer. In addition, the diagnostic value of CXCL10/MIP-3a and AFP in HCC patients was determined by analyzing the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). The protein concentrations of CXCL10 and MIP-3a were significantly higher in the HCC group than in the LC, CHB and HC groups. CXCL10 in sera and liver cancer tissues is significantly positively correlated with ALT, but no significance between CXCL10 in ParaCa tissues and sera-ALT. Their mRNA is significantly higher in cancer tissues than in ParaCa tissues. The areas under the ROC curve of CXCL10, MIP-3a, CXCL10 and MIP-3a combined and AFP were 0.9169, 0.9261, 0.9299 and 0.7880, respectively. Elevated chemokines CXCL10 and MIP-3a in HCC patients may be associated with the clinical manifestation of HCC and could be a potential molecular marker for prognostic evaluation or a therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezuan Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Zhengliang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Caihong Pang
- Department of Transfusion, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Dan Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dong Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Jun Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Li WJ, Li RY, Wang DY, Shen M, Liu HL. CXCR3 participates in asymmetric division of mouse oocytes by modulating actin dynamics. Theriogenology 2024; 225:43-54. [PMID: 38788628 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the role of CXCR3 in immune responses and inflammation. However, the role of CXCR3 in the reproductive system, particularly in oocyte development, remains unknown. In this study, we present findings on the involvement of CXCR3 in the meiotic division process of mouse oocytes. We found CXCR3 was expressed consistently throughout the entire maturation process of mouse oocyte. Inhibition of CXCR3 impaired the asymmetric division of oocyte, while the injection of Cxcr3 mRNA was capable of restoring these defects. Further study showed that inhibition of CXCR3 perturbed spindle migration by affecting LIMK/cofilin pathway-mediated actin remodeling. Knockout of CXCR3 led to an upregulation of actin-binding protein and an increased ATP level in GV-stage oocytes, while maintaining normal actin dynamics during the process of meiosis. Additionally, we noticed the expression level of DYNLT1 is markedly elevated in CXCR3-null oocytes. DYNLT1 bound with the Arp2/3 complex, and knockdown of DYNLT1 in CXCR3-null oocytes impaired the organization of cytoplasmic actin, suggesting the regulatory role of DYNLT1 in actin organization, and the compensatory expression of DYNLT1 may contribute to maintain normal actin dynamics in CXCR3-knockout oocytes. In summary, our findings provide insights into the intricate network of actin dynamics associated with CXCR3 during oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong-Yang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Da-Yu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ming Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hong-Lin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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3
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Wang X, Xue X, Pang M, Yu L, Qian J, Li X, Tian M, Lyu A, Lu C, Liu Y. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in cancer: signaling pathways and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e659. [PMID: 39092293 PMCID: PMC11292400 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer is still a leading cause of human death globally. Tumor deterioration comprises multiple events including metastasis, therapeutic resistance and immune evasion, all of which are tightly related to the phenotypic plasticity especially epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). Tumor cells with EMP are manifest in three states as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), partial EMT, and mesenchymal-epithelial transition, which orchestrate the phenotypic switch and heterogeneity of tumor cells via transcriptional regulation and a series of signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor-β, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch. However, due to the complicated nature of EMP, the diverse process of EMP is still not fully understood. In this review, we systematically conclude the biological background, regulating mechanisms of EMP as well as the role of EMP in therapy response. We also summarize a range of small molecule inhibitors, immune-related therapeutic approaches, and combination therapies that have been developed to target EMP for the outstanding role of EMP-driven tumor deterioration. Additionally, we explore the potential technique for EMP-based tumor mechanistic investigation and therapeutic research, which may burst vigorous prospects. Overall, we elucidate the multifaceted aspects of EMP in tumor progression and suggest a promising direction of cancer treatment based on targeting EMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Wang
- School of Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoxia Xue
- School of Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Mingshi Pang
- School of Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Liuchunyang Yu
- School of Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Jinxiu Qian
- School of Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Meng Tian
- School of Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Aiping Lyu
- School of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloonHong KongChina
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical MedicineChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
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Liu J, Li H, Wang L, Wang S, Tang Q. Spatial transcriptome and single-cell reveal the role of nucleotide metabolism in colorectal cancer progression and tumor microenvironment. J Transl Med 2024; 22:702. [PMID: 39075485 PMCID: PMC11288102 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intricacies of nucleotide metabolism within tumor cells specific to colorectal cancer (CRC) remain insufficiently characterized. A nuanced examination of particular tumor clusters and their dynamic interplay with the tumor microenvironment (TME) may yield profound insights into these therapeutically auspicious communicative networks. METHODS By integrating ten types of single-cell enrichment scoring methods, we carried out enrichment analysis on CRC cell types, which was validated through four additional single-cell cohorts. Groups of tumor cells were determined using the average values of the scores. Using cellphonedb, monocle, inferCNV, SCENIC, and Cytotrace, functional analyses were performed. Utilizing the RCTD approach, single-cell groupings were mapped onto spatial transcriptomics, analyzing cell dependency and pathway activity to distinguish between tumor cell subtypes. Differential expression analysis identified core genes in nucleotide metabolism, with single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analyses elucidating the function of these genes in tumor cells and the immune microenvironment. Prognostic models were developed from bulk transcriptome cohorts to forecast responses to immune therapy. Laboratory experiments were conducted to verify the biological function of the core gene. RESULTS Nucleotide metabolism is significantly elevated in tumor cells, dividing them into two groups: NUhighepi and NUlowepi. The phenotype NUhighepi was discerned to exhibit pronounced malignant attributes. Utilizing the analytical tool stlearn for cell-to-cell communication assessment, it was ascertained that NUhighepi engages in intimate interactions with fibroblasts. Corroborating this observation, spatial transcriptome cell interaction assessment through MISTy unveiled a particular reliance of NUhighepi on fibroblasts. Subsequently, we pinpointed NME1, a key gene in nucleotide metabolism, affirming its role in thwarting metastasis via in vitro examination. Utilizing multiple machine learning algorithms, a stable prognostic model (NRS) has been developed, capable of predicting survival and responses to immune therapy. In addition, targeted drugs have been identified for both high and low scoring groups. Laboratory experiments have revealed that NME1 can inhibit the proliferation and invasion of CRC tumor cells. CONCLUSION Our study elucidates the potential pro-tumor mechanism of NUhighepi and the role of NME1 in inhibiting metastasis, further deepening the understanding of the role of nucleotide metabolism in colorectal cancer, and providing valuable targets for disrupting its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hang Zhou, 310000, China
| | - Huimin Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hang Zhou, 310000, China
| | - Lantian Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hang Zhou, 310000, China.
| | - Shurui Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Qiang Tang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School Medicine, Hang Zhou, 310000, China.
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Donnenberg VS, Luketich JD, Popov B, Bartlett DL, Donnenberg AD. A common secretomic signature across epithelial cancers metastatic to the pleura supports IL-6 axis therapeutic targeting. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404373. [PMID: 39114667 PMCID: PMC11303180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many cancers metastasize to the pleura, resulting in effusions that cause dyspnea and discomfort. Regardless of the tissue of origin, pleural malignancies are aggressive and uniformly fatal, with no treatment shown to prolong life. The pleural mesothelial monolayer is joined by tight junctions forming a contained bioreactor-like space, concentrating cytokines and chemokines secreted by the mesothelium, tumor, and infiltrating immune cells. This space represents a unique environment that profoundly influences tumor and immune cell behavior. Defining the pleural secretome is an important step in the rational development localized intrapleural immunotherapy. Method We measured cytokine/chemokine content of 252 malignant pleural effusion (MPE) samples across multiple cancers using a 40-analyte panel and Luminex multiplexing technology. Results Eleven analytes were consistently present in concentrations ≥ 10.0 pM: CXCL10/IP10 (geometric mean = 672.3 pM), CCL2/MCP1 (562.9 pM), sIL-6Rα (403.1 pM), IL-6 (137.6 pM), CXCL1/GRO (80.3 pM), TGFβ1 (76.8 pM), CCL22/MDC (54.8 pM), CXCL8/IL-8 (29.2 pM), CCL11/Eotaxin (12.6 pM), IL-10 (11.3 pM), and G-CSF (11.0 pM). All are capable of mediating chemotaxis, promotion of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, or immunosuppression, and many of are reportedly downstream of a pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade mediated by cytokine IL-6 and its soluble receptor. Conclusion The data indicate high concentrations of several cytokines and chemokines across epithelial cancers metastatic to the pleura and support the contention that the pleural environment is the major factor responsible for the clinical course of MPE across cancer types. A sIL-6Rα to IL-6 molar ratio of 2.7 ensures that virtually all epithelial, immune and vascular endothelial cells in the pleural environment are affected by IL-6 signaling. The central role likely played by IL-6 in the pathogenesis of MPE argues in favor of a therapeutic approach targeting the IL-6/IL-6R axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S. Donnenberg
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James D. Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Bosko Popov
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Centers, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - David L. Bartlett
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Albert D. Donnenberg
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Tang J, Yu W, Lin L, Yang R, Li G, Jin M, Gu Y, Jiang B, Lu E. Role of αENaC in root resorption of adjacent teeth due to entirely impacted mandibular third molars. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:360. [PMID: 38515079 PMCID: PMC10956368 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entirely impacted mandibular third molar (EIM3M) concerns the pathological external root resorption (ERR) of the adjacent mandibular second molar (M2M) and formation of granulation tissue between two molars. The study aimed to clarify the effect of αENaC, a mechano-sensitive molecule, to explore the mechanical mechanism in this scenario. METHODS The force EIM3M exerted on M2M was proved by finite element analysis. αENaC expressions were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Inflammatory and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules expressions were also detected by real-time PCR. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis, and receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was further exhibited. RESULTS The force was concentrated in the ERR area. αENaC was upregulated, positively correlated with ERR degree and localized to the fibroblasts in ERR granulation tissues. Moreover, αENaC was respectively and positively associated with elevated TNF-α and N-cadherin in ERR granulation tissues. More importantly, ROC analysis verified αENaC as a novel indication of the incidence of this disease. CONCLUSIONS Our finding revealed the force from EIM3M causing ERR of M2M, and elucidated the expression and localization of αENaC and its positive correlation with inflammation, EMT and disease severity, suggesting a novel indication in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Weijun Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Lu Lin
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruhan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guanglong Li
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuting Gu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Eryi Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Li Y, Wu Y, Qin X, Gu J, Liu A, Cao J. Constructing a competitive endogenous RNA network of EndMT-related atherosclerosis through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1322252. [PMID: 38268851 PMCID: PMC10806165 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1322252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction and plaque formation. Under pro-inflammatory conditions, endothelial cells can undergo endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), contributing to atherosclerosis development. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms by which EndMT contributes to atherosclerosis remain unclear and require further investigation. Dan-Shen-Yin (DSY), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is commonly used for cardiovascular diseases, but its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Emerging evidence indicates that competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks play critical roles in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. In this study, we constructed an EndMT-associated ceRNA network during atherosclerosis progression by integrating gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Functional enrichment analysis revealed this EndMT-related ceRNA network is predominantly involved in inflammatory responses. ROC curve analysis showed the identified hub genes can effectively distinguish between normal vasculature and atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high expression of IL1B significantly predicts ischemic events in atherosclerosis. Molecular docking revealed most DSY bioactive components can bind key EndMT-related lncRNAs, including AC003092.1, MIR181A1HG, MIR155HG, WEE2-AS1, and MIR137HG, suggesting DSY may mitigate EndMT in atherosclerosis by modulating the ceRNA network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubiao Wu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiude Qin
- Encephalopathy Department, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinchao Gu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Research Center of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Du J. Study of Therapeutic Mechanisms of Bupi Yichang Formula against Colon Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology, Machine Learning, and Experimental Verification. Crit Rev Immunol 2024; 44:67-87. [PMID: 38421706 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023051509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Bupi Yichang formula (BPYCF) has shown the anti-cancer potential; however, its effects on colon cancer and the mechanisms remain unknown. This study intended to explore the effects of BPYC on colon cancer and its underlying mechanisms. BPYCF-related and colon cancer-related targets were acquired from public databases, followed by differentially expressed genes (DEG) identification. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed using clusterProfiler. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using STRING database. CytoHubba and MCODE to screen the hub targets. A diagnostic model was built using random forest algorithm. Molecular docking was conducted using PyMOL and AutoDock. High-performance liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis and in vitro validation were performed. Forty-six overlapping targets of BPYCF-related, colon cancer-related targets, and DEGs were obtained. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the targets were mainly enriched in response to lipopolysaccharide, neuronal cell body, protein serine/threonine/tyrosine, as well as C-type lectin receptor, NOD-like receptor, and TNF signaling pathways. Five targets were identified as the pivotal targets, among which, NOS3, CASP8, RIPK3, and TNFRSF10B were stably docked with the core active component, naringenin. Naringenin was also identified from the BPYCF sample through HPLC-MS analysis. In vitro experiments showed that BPYCF inhibited cell viability, reduced NOS3 expression, and elevated CASP8, RIPK3, and TNFRSF10B expression in colon cancer cells. BPYCF might treat colon cancer mainly by regulating NOS3, CASP8, RIPK3, and TN-FRSF10B. This study first revealed the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of BPYCF against colon cancer, paving the path for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for this cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Yue M, Chen MM, Zhang B, Wang Y, Li P, Zhao Y. The functional roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in colorectal cancer progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116040. [PMID: 38113624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. A number of factors, including the tumor microenvironment, chemokines, the inflammatory response, have an impact on the development of colorectal cancer. A critical component of the tumor microenvironment is chemokines. Various cell subsets are attracted to the tumor microenvironment through interactions with chemokine receptors. These cells have varying effects on the development of the tumor and the effectiveness of treatment. Additionally, chemokines can participate in inflammatory processes and have effects that are either pro- or anti-tumor. Chemokines can be exploited as targets for medication resistance and treatment in colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors, and their relationship with immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. At the same time, we also collect and discuss the significance of chemokines and chemokine receptors in colorectal cancer progression, and their potential as molecular targets for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Yue
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Meng-Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Immune Cells of Qingdao, Qingdao 266021, China; Qingdao Restore Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266111, PR China
| | - Bingqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer and Immune Cells of Qingdao, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Shandong Province affiliated to Qingdao University, Shandong Province, China.
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Ahmed SA, Mendonca P, Messeha SS, Oriaku ET, Soliman KFA. The Anticancer Effects of Marine Carotenoid Fucoxanthin through Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-AKT Signaling on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 29:61. [PMID: 38202644 PMCID: PMC10779870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer that lacks specific targets such as estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors. TNBC affects one in eight women in the United States, making up 15-20% of breast cancer cases. Patients with TNBC can develop resistance to chemotherapy over time, leading to treatment failure. Therefore, finding other options like natural products is necessary for treatment. The advantages of using natural products sourced from plants as anticancer agents are that they are less toxic, more affordable, and have fewer side effects. These products can modulate several cellular processes of the tumor microenvironment, such as proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway is an important pathway that contributes to the survival and growth of the tumor microenvironment and is associated with these cellular processes. This current study examined the anticancer effects of fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid isolated from brown seaweed, in the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 TNBC cell lines. The methods used in this study include a cytotoxic assay, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway PCR arrays, and Wes analysis. Fucoxanthin (6.25 µM) + TNF-α (50 ng/mL) and TNF-α (50 ng/mL) showed no significant effect on cell viability compared to the control in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells after a 24 h treatment period. PI3K-AKT signaling pathway PCR array studies showed that in TNF-α-stimulated (50 ng/mL) MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells, fucoxanthin (6.25 µM) modulated the mRNA expression of 12 genes, including FOXO1, RASA1, HRAS, MAPK3, PDK2, IRS1, EIF4EBP1, EIF4B, PTK2, TIRAP, RHOA, and ELK1. Additionally, fucoxanthin significantly downregulated the protein expression of IRS1, EIF4B, and ELK1 in MDA-MB-231 cells, and no change in the protein expression of EIF4B and ELK1 was shown in MDA-MB-468 cells. Fucoxanthin upregulated the protein expression of RHOA in both cell lines. The modulation of the expression of genes and proteins of the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway may elucidate fucoxanthin's effects in cell cycle progression, apoptotic processes, migration, and proliferation, which shows that PI3K-AKT may be the possible molecular mechanism for fucoxanthin's effects. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study elucidate fucoxanthin's molecular mechanisms and indicate that fucoxanthin may be considered a promising candidate for breast cancer-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shade’ A. Ahmed
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.A.A.); (E.T.O.)
| | - Patricia Mendonca
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Samia S. Messeha
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Ebenezer T. Oriaku
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.A.A.); (E.T.O.)
| | - Karam F. A. Soliman
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; (S.A.A.); (E.T.O.)
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Yao W, Cui X, Peng H, Zhang Y, Jia X, Wu S, Zhao J. IDO1 facilitates esophageal carcinoma progression by driving the direct binding of NF-κB and CXCL10. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:403. [PMID: 37903782 PMCID: PMC10616276 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma (EC), one of the most lethal human malignancies, lacks effective targeted therapies. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) plays a key role in a variety of cancers, but its role and mechanism in EC are still unclear. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of IDO1 in EC, and the prognostic value of IDO1 in EC was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier test. The in vitro and in vivo function loss/acquisition tests were performed to evaluate the biological effects of IDO1 in EC. The mechanism of action of IDO1-regulation EC was explored through Firefly luciferase & Renilla luciferase activity reporter, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and immunofluorescence (IF) assays. Clinically, IDO1 expression was abnormally elevated in EC and positively correlated with overall survival. Functionally, IDO1 was contributed to the proliferation and migration of EC cells. Mechanically, IDO1 regulated the expression of chemokine C-X-C ligand 10 (CXCL10) by promoting the entry of NF-κB into the nucleus to combine with the promoter of CXCL10. Consistently, IDO1 facilitated EC progression may dependent on the presence of CXCL10. Moreover, NF-κB alleviated the inhibitory effect of IDO1 knockdown on EC. IDO1 drove the progression of EC by directly binding NF-κB and CXCL10, the finding that may provide an effective theoretical basis for precise therapies for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan province, China
| | - Xiaohai Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The first affiliated hospital of xi'an jiaotong university, No.277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi province, China
| | - Haodong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 45003, Henan province, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 45003, Henan province, China
| | - Xiangbo Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan province, China
| | - Sen Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, No.7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan province, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, No.44-3 Xiaohe Yan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China.
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12
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Chmiel P, Rychcik-Pazyrska P, Stec R. Defining Tumor Microenvironment as a Possible Target for Effective GEP-NENs Immunotherapy-A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5232. [PMID: 37958406 PMCID: PMC10648089 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogenous and recurrent group of malignancies originating from neuroendocrine secretory cells diffused on all parts of the human body. Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs) account for most NENs. Considering the abundance of possible origins, locations, and tumor specifications, there is still no consensus about optimal treatment options for these neoplasms. In light of the escalating immunotherapeutic approaches, it is crucial to define indications for such therapy in GEP-NETs. Bearing in mind the significance of pathophysiological mechanisms and tumor microenvironment (TME) impact on carcinogenesis, defining TME structure and correlation with the immune system in GEP-NETs appears essential. This paper aimed to assess the characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment for a better understanding of the possible therapeutic options in GEP-NETS. The authors performed a systematic review, extracting papers from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Among 3800 articles identified through database searching, 292 were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 28 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. This paper sums up the research on the immune cell infiltrates, immune checkpoint expression, cytokine profile, neoangiogenesis, and microbiome in the TME of GEP-NETs.
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13
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Li C, Zhang Q, Luo H, Liu R, Feng S, Geng Y, Wang L, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang X. Carbon Ions Suppress Angiogenesis and Lung Metastases in Melanoma by Targeting CXCL10. Radiat Res 2023; 200:307-319. [PMID: 37527364 DOI: 10.1667/rade-22-0086.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) enhanced local control in patients with malignant melanoma. In several in vitro studies, carbon ions (C ions) have been also shown to decrease the metastatic potential of melanoma cells. CXC motif 10 (CXCL10) has been shown to play a crucial role in regulating tumor metastasis and it significantly increase in human embryonic kidney cells after heavy ion irradiations. This study sought to explore the regulatory effect of C ions on melanoma metastasis, emphasizing the role of CXCL10 in this process. To explore the potential regulatory effect of C ions on tumor metastasis in vivo, we developed a lung metastasis mouse model by injecting B16F10 cells into the footpad and subjected all mice to treatment with X rays and C ions. Subsequently, a series of assays, including histopathological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time PCR, and western blotting, were conducted to assess the regulatory effects of C ions on melanoma. Our results showed that mice treated with C ions exhibited significantly less tumor vascularity, enhanced tumor necrosis, alleviated lung metastasis, and experienced longer survival than X-ray irradiated mice. Moreover, VEGF expression in B16F10 cells was significantly reduced by C-ion treatment, which could be alleviated by CXCL10 knockdown in vitro. Further investigations revealed that co-culturing with HUVECs resulted in a significant inhibition of proliferation, migration, and tube formation ability in the C-ion treated group, while the opposite effect was observed in the C-ion treated with si-CXCL10 group. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that treatment with carbon-ion radiation can suppress angiogenesis and lung metastases in melanoma by specifically targeting CXCL10. These results suggest the potential utility of carbon ions in treating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou Heavy Ions Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuangwu Feng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yichao Geng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanying Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Lanzhou Heavy Ions Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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14
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Bretto E, Ribaldone DG, Caviglia GP, Saracco GM, Bugianesi E, Frara S. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Emerging Therapies and Future Treatment Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2249. [PMID: 37626745 PMCID: PMC10452708 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term used to represent a group of chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two major clinical forms. The global incidence and prevalence of IBD have increased over the last 2-4 decades. Despite the specific etiopathogenesis of IBD still being unknown, it is widely recognized that immunological, genetic, and environmental factors are implicated. A greater understanding of the multiple signaling pathways involved has led to the development of biologic therapies in the last two decades. Although these treatments have dramatically transformed the course of IBD, there is not a definitive cure and available therapies may cause adverse events (AEs), limiting their use, or have an inadequate effect in some patients. In this context, emerging therapies addressing new specific pathogenetic mechanisms have shown promising efficacy and safety data in early clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to highlight the available clinical trial data for these new drugs, such as more preferential JAK inhibitors, anti-IL-23 antibodies, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators, anti-integrin therapies, and other small molecules that are currently under research. We will emphasize the potential significance of these agents in shaping future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bretto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.B.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.B.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.B.)
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.B.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.B.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Frara
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (E.B.)
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino-Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy
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15
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Pan M, Wei X, Xiang X, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Yang W. Targeting CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 axis: an important component of tumor-promoting and antitumor immunity. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2306-2320. [PMID: 37076663 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic-competent molecules composed of a family of small cytokines, playing a key role in regulating tumor progression. The roles of chemokines in antitumor immune responses are of great interest. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are important members of chemokines. It has been widely investigated that these three chemokines can bind to their common receptor CXCR3 and regulate the differentiation, migration, and tumor infiltration of immune cells, directly or indirectly affecting tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we summarize the mechanism of how the CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 axis affects the tumor microenvironment, and list the latest researches to find out how this axis predicts the prognosis of different cancers. In addition, immunotherapy improves the survival of tumor patients, but some patients show drug resistance. Studies have found that the regulation of CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 on the tumor microenvironment is involved in the process of changing immunotherapy resistance. Here we also describe new approaches to restoring sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors through the CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xuan Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Weibing Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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16
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Aouimeur I, Sagnial T, Coulomb L, Maurin C, Thomas J, Forestier P, Ninotta S, Perrache C, Forest F, Gain P, Thuret G, He Z. Investigating the Role of TGF-β Signaling Pathways in Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Primary Culture. Cells 2023; 12:1624. [PMID: 37371094 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial diseases are the leading cause of corneal transplantation. The global shortage of donor corneas has resulted in the investigation of alternative methods, such as cell therapy and tissue-engineered endothelial keratoplasty (TEEK), using primary cultures of human corneal endothelial cells (hCECs). The main challenge is optimizing the hCEC culture process to increase the endothelial cell density (ECD) and overall yield while preventing endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is necessary for hCEC expansion but contains TGF-βs, which have been shown to be detrimental to hCECs. Therefore, we investigated various TGF-β signaling pathways using inhibitors to improve hCEC culture. Initially, we confirmed that TGF-β1, 2, and 3 induced EndMT on confluent hCECs without FBS. Using this TGF-β-induced EndMT model, we validated NCAM as a reliable biomarker to assess EndMT. We then demonstrated that, in a culture medium containing 8% FBS for hCEC expansion, TGF-β1 and 3, but not 2, significantly reduced the ECD and caused EndMT. TGF-β receptor inhibition had an anti-EndMT effect. Inhibition of the ROCK pathway, notably that of the P38 MAPK pathway, increased the ECD, while inhibition of the ERK pathway decreased the ECD. In conclusion, the presence of TGF-β1 and 3 in 8% FBS leads to a reduction in ECD and induces EndMT. The use of SB431542 or LY2109761 may prevent EndMT, while Y27632 or Ripasudil, and SB203580 or SB202190, can increase the ECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Aouimeur
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Tomy Sagnial
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louise Coulomb
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Corantin Maurin
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Justin Thomas
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Pierre Forestier
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sandrine Ninotta
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Eye Bank, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Chantal Perrache
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabien Forest
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Center, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital Center, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Laboratory of Biology, Engineering and Imaging for Ophthalmology (BiiO), EA2521, Faculty of Medicine, Jean Monnet University, 42270 Saint-Etienne, France
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17
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Guo X, Feng Y, Zhao X, Qiao S, Ma Z, Li Z, Zheng H, Xiao S. Coronavirus Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Utilizes Chemokine Interleukin-8 to Facilitate Viral Replication by Regulating Ca 2+ Flux. J Virol 2023; 97:e0029223. [PMID: 37133374 PMCID: PMC10231212 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00292-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine production by epithelial cells is crucial for neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation during viral infection. However, the effect of chemokine on epithelia and how chemokine is involved in coronavirus infection remains to be fully understood. Here, we identified an inducible chemokine interleukin-8 (CXCL8/IL-8), which could promote coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection in African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero) and Lilly Laboratories cell-porcine kidney 1 epithelial cells (LLC-PK1). IL-8 deletion restrained cytosolic calcium (Ca2+), whereas IL-8 stimulation improved cytosolic Ca2+. The consumption of Ca2+ restricted PEDV infection. PEDV internalization and budding were obvious reductions when cytosolic Ca2+ was abolished in the presence of Ca2+ chelators. Further study revealed that the upregulated cytosolic Ca2+ redistributes intracellular Ca2+. Finally, we identified that G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) signaling was crucial for enhancive cytosolic Ca2+ and PEDV infection. To our knowledge, this study is the first to uncover the function of chemokine IL-8 during coronavirus PEDV infection in epithelia. PEDV induces IL-8 expression to elevate cytosolic Ca2+, promoting its infection. Our findings reveal a novel role of IL-8 in PEDV infection and suggest that targeting IL-8 could be a new approach to controlling PEDV infection. IMPORTANCE Coronavirus porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly contagious enteric coronavirus that caused severe economic losses worldwide, and more effort is needed to develop economical and efficient vaccines to control or eliminate this disease. The chemokine interleukin-8 (CXCL8/IL-8) is indispensable for the activation and trafficking of inflammatory mediators and tumor progression and metastasis. This study evaluated the effect of IL-8 on PEDV infection in epithelia. We found that IL-8 expression improved cytosolic Ca2+ in epithelia, facilitating PEDV rapid internalization and egress. G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-SOC signaling was activated by IL-8, releasing the intracellular Ca2+ stores from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These findings provide a better understanding of the role of IL-8 in PEDV-induced immune responses, which will help develop small-molecule drugs for coronavirus cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingtong Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiqian Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shuqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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18
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Wang D, Zhang Y, Ren D, Meng C, Yang L. Bioinformatics analysis illustrates the functions of miR-377-5p in cervical cancer. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37144663 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2208453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a frequent disease in women whose development is related with miRNA disorder. MiR-377-5p plays a negative role in the development of some tumors, while few studies have revealed its role in CC. In this study, the functions of miR-377-5p in CC were investigated by bioinformatics. Briefly, the expression and survival curve of miR-377-5p in CC was analyzed with the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and the abundance of miR-377-5p in clinical samples and CC cell lines were measured by qRT-PCR. Moreover, the MicroRNA Data Integration Portal (miRDIP) database was used to predict targets of miR-377-5p, and the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (David) was used for enrichment analysis of the functions of the miR-377-5p. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was used to screen the hub targets of miR-377-5p. Moreover, the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was used to analyze the abundance of the genes in CC. Results showed that decreased miR-377-5p was found in the CC tissues and cell lines, and low miR-377-5p was connected with poor prognosis of patients. Besides, the targets of miR-377-5p were enriched in the PI3K/AKT, MAPK and RAS signaling pathways. Moreover, CDC42, FLT1, TPM3 and CAV1 were screened as hub nodes in the targets of miR-377-5p, and increased CDC42, FLT1, TPM3 and CAV1 also indicated the poor survival rates of the patients in the long term. In conclusion, this study suggests that miR-377-5p downregulation is a biomarker event for CC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Dongyan Ren
- Department of Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Chunmei Meng
- Department of Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunan, China
| | - Liufeng Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Gynaecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunan, China
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19
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Liu S, Zhong Q, Zhu W, Zhang H, Ren J, Zhang L, Cui S, Yang X. Low-level laser selectively inhibiting colorectal cancer cell metabolic activity and inducing apoptosis for delaying the development of intestinal cancer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023:10.1007/s43630-023-00409-1. [PMID: 37071386 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) is a novel approach that shows promise for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its biochemical effects and gene expression remain unclear. Here, LLLI (632.8 nm) was used to treat CRC RKO cells and normal small intestinal NCM460 cells. LLLI showed a significant dose- and time-dependent effect on cell viability, in which a single dose of irradiation at 15 J/cm2 selectively inhibited the growth of RKO cells but largely unaffected the activity of NCM460 cells. And then, LLLI produced an internal response, effectively reducing the level of H2O2 in tumor cells, downregulating the mitochondrial membrane potential, and improving the efficiency of apoptosis in CRC, but no internal response was observed in NCM460 cells under the same conditions. Furthermore, the expression of several important genes in the classical WNT pathway was significantly downregulated, and the pathway was inactivated after LLLI intervention, thereby inhibiting tumor cell growth. Simultaneously, TNF-α was effectively activated to stimulate the caspase family members of the death effector to initiate apoptosis led by the extrinsic pathway. LLLI successfully achieves tumor cell normalization while delivering a potent anticancer effect, expected to be a novel therapeutic modality for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qiguang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicong Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanshuo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingqing Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuliang Cui
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of BioSciences, University of Melboume, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Seo YN, Baik JS, Lee SM, Lee JE, Ahn HR, Lim MS, Park MT, Kim SD. Ionizing Radiation Selectively Increases CXC Ligand 10 Level via the DNA-Damage-Induced p38 MAPK-STAT1 Pathway in Murine J774A.1 Macrophages. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071009. [PMID: 37048082 PMCID: PMC10093567 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is an important means of tumor treatment in addition to surgery and drugs. Attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of radiotherapy by identifying the various biological effects of IR on cells. Components of the tumor microenvironment, such as macrophages, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells, influence cancer treatment outcomes through communication with tumor cells. In this study, we found that IR selectively increased the production of CXC motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), which is emerging as an important biomarker for determining the prognosis of anticancer treatments, without changing the levels of CXCL9 and CXCL11 in murine J774A.1 macrophages. Pretreatment with KU55933, an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitor, significantly inhibited IR-induced CXCL10 production. In contrast, pretreatment with N-acetyl-cysteine or glutathione, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, did not inhibit IR-induced CXCL10 production. Further, we attempted to identify the intracellular molecular target associated with the IR-induced increase in CXCL10 secretion by J774A.1 macrophages. IR phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in J774A.1 macrophages, and p38 MAPK and STAT1 were involved in CXCL10 via IR using pharmacological inhibitors (SB203580 and fludarabine, respectively) and the siRNA technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Na Seo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Inge University, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sue Baik
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Mi Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Lim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Taek Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan 46033, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-T.P.); (S.D.K.)
| | - Sung Dae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyoung Pook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-T.P.); (S.D.K.)
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21
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EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Induced Activation of the Autocrine CXCL10/CXCR3 Pathway through Crosstalk between the Tumor and the Microenvironment in EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010124. [PMID: 36612121 PMCID: PMC9817815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL10 is a cytokine that is elevated during EGFR-TKI treatment in the tumor microenvironment of lung cancer. Here, we report an original study that the impact of the CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway on EGFR-TKI resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer through a cytokine array analysis during in vitro coculture with tumor cells and activated PBMCs treated with EGFR-TKI, as well as the serial analysis of CXCL10 in EGFR-mutant lung cancer transgenic mice during EGFR-TKI treatment. In EGFR-mutant tumor cells cocultured with activated PBMCs, EGFR-TKI treatment increased CXCL10 in the supernatant; this activated CXCR3 in the tumor cells to induce the phosphorylation of Src and the NF-κB subunit, p65, and the expression of HIF-1α. CXCL10 siRNA treatment of EGFR-mutant tumor cells also decreased CXCL10 in the supernatant from coculturing with activated PBMCs, suggesting that the effects of CXCL10 occur via autocrine and paracrine pathways. Importantly, elevated CXCL10/CXCR3 signaling was recapitulated in a transgenic lung cancer mouse model. Our results show that increased CXCL10 levels during early EGFR-TKI treatment stimulate oncogenic signaling of persistent tumor cells to contribute to EGFR-TKI resistance via autocrine and paracrine pathways.
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22
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Mukai M, Uchida K, Inoue G, Satoh M, Miyagi M, Yokozeki Y, Hirosawa N, Matsuura Y, Ohtori S, Takaso M. Nerve decompression surgery suppresses TNF-ɑ expression and T cell infiltration in a rat sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2537-2545. [PMID: 35072295 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Decompression surgery (DS) is a standard treatment for chronic nerve compression injuries; however, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of DS on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and T cell recruitment in a rat sciatic nerve (SN) chronic constriction injury (CCI) model. Male Wistar rats were subjected to CCI to establish a model of SN injury (CCI group). DS, in which all ligatures were removed, was performed 3 days after CCI surgery (CCI + dec group). Mechanical sensitivity was assessed using the von Frey test 3, 7, and 14 days after the CCI surgery. Gene expression of Tnfa, Cd3, Cxcl10, and immunolocalization of TNF-α and the pan T cell marker, CD3, was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. In addition, the effects of TNF-α on Cxcl10 expression and CXCL10 protein production were evaluated using qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in SN cell culture. Rats that received DS had significantly higher withdrawal threshold levels than those in the CCI group. In addition, Tnfa, Cd3, and Cxcl10 mRNA expression increased following CCI. DS suppressed this elevated expression, with the CCI + dec group showing significantly reduced expression levels compared to the CCI group. Furthermore, TNF-α induced Cxcl10 expression and CXCL10 protein production in SN cell culture. Therefore, DS reduced TNF-α expression and T cell recruitment in the rat SN CCI model. These observations may partly explain the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Mukai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan.,Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Chigasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Yokozeki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoya Hirosawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsuura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, Japan
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23
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Chemokine/GPCR Signaling-Mediated EMT in Cancer Metastasis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2208176. [PMID: 36268282 PMCID: PMC9578795 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2208176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, the chief cause of cancer-related deaths, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the tumor microenvironment, EMT can be triggered by chemokine/G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, which is closely associated with tumor progression. However, the functional links between chemokine/GPCR signaling-mediated EMT and metastasis remain unclear. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms of chemokine/GPCR signaling-mediated EMT with an insight into facilitating metastasis and clarified the role of chemokine in the local invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization, respectively. Moreover, several potential pathways that might contribute to EMT based on the latest studies on GPCR signaling were proposed, including signaling mediated by G protein, β-arrestin, intracellular, dimerization activation, and transactivation. However, there is still limited evidence to support the EMT programme functional contribution to metastasis, which keeps a key question still open whether we should target EMT programme of cancer cells. Answers to that question might help develop an anticancer strategy or guide new directions for anticancer metastasis therapy.
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24
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Lee S, Park YS, Kim JH, Lim AR, Hyun MH, Kim B, Lee JW, Lee SB, Kim YH. Identification of Biomarkers Associated with Liver Metastasis Progression from Colorectal Cancer Using Exosomal RNA Profiling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194723. [PMID: 36230645 PMCID: PMC9562015 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify novel biomarkers for metastatic colorectal cancer progression using exosomal RNA expression profiling. The exosomal RNA expression profiles of 54 patients with mCRC were investigated. Exosomal RNA profiling was performed at the time of relapse immediately before metastasectomy and cancer recurrence or progression after metastasectomy. The up- and down-regulated RNA expression profiles were screened and analyzed using H-cluster, principle component analysis and gene ontology. The tissue expression profile of the liver metastases was compared with the GSE 41258 set using GSEA tools. We identified two distinctive biological process gene sets (IFNA and PCDB families) related to metastatic progression. The interferon-α response gene set was enriched, especially when the tumor volume was ≥1 cm3. CXCL10, CXCL11 and SAMD 9 mRNA were highly expressed in the plasma exosome samples of patients with mCRC to the liver. Furthermore, high expression of CXCL10 but not CXCL11 or SAMD9 was associated with a poor prognosis and shorter progression-free survival. Conclusions: Cancer-derived exosomal CXCL10 may be a novel biomarker for liver metastasis of mCRC and a potential target for the prevention and treatment of mCRC with liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyeon Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jwa Hoon Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ah Reum Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Myung Han Hyun
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Boyeon Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong Won Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Saet Byeol Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-920-5569; Fax: +82-2-926-4534
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25
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Papoutsopoulou S, Pollock L, Williams JM, Abdul-Mahdi MMLF, Dobbash R, Duckworth CA, Campbell BJ. Interleukin-10 Deficiency Impacts on TNF-Induced NFκB Regulated Responses In Vivo. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1377. [PMID: 36290283 PMCID: PMC9598475 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has a major protective role against intestinal inflammation. We recently revealed that intestinal epithelial cells in vitro regulate NFκB-driven transcriptional responses to TNF via an autocrine mechanism dependent on IL-10 secretion. Here in this study, we investigated the impact of IL-10 deficiency on the NFκB pathway and its downstream targets in the small intestinal mucosa in vivo. We observed dysregulation of TNF, IκBα, and A20 gene and protein expression in the small intestine of steady-state or TNF-injected Il10-/- mice, compared to wild-type C57BL6/J counterparts. Upon TNF injection, tissue from the small intestine showed upregulation of NFκB p65[RelA] activity, which was totally diminished in Il10-/- mice and correlated with reduced levels of TNF, IκBα, and A20 expression. In serum, whilst IgA levels were noted to be markedly downregulated in IL-10-deficient- mice, normal levels of mucosal IgA were seen in intestine mucosa. Importantly, dysregulated cytokine/chemokine levels were observed in both serum and intestinal tissue lysates from naïve, as well as TNF-injected Il10-/- mice. These data further support the importance of the IL-10-canonical NFκB signaling pathway axis in regulating intestinal mucosa homeostasis and response to inflammatory triggers in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Liam Pollock
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Williams
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Maya M. L. F. Abdul-Mahdi
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Reyhaneh Dobbash
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Carrie A. Duckworth
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Barry J. Campbell
- The Henry Wellcome Laboratories of Molecular & Cellular Gastroenterology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
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26
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Wang J, Liu Z, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Zhang Q, Ni C, Zhen Y, Xu R, Liu Q, Fang W, Huang P, Liu X. Enterobacterial LPS-inducible LINC00152 is regulated by histone lactylation and promotes cancer cells invasion and migration. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:913815. [PMID: 35959377 PMCID: PMC9359126 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.913815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes participate in pathogenesis by interacting with the host genome through epigenetic mechanisms, such as long non-coding RNAs. However, the mechanisms by which the microbiota induce expression alteration of long non-coding RNAs remains unclear. Here, we quantified the transcriptome alteration of human colon cell lines after being infected by a common enteric pathogen Salmonella typhimurium SL1344. We observed a widespread lncRNAs expression alteration. Among them, the elevated expression of LINC00152 was verified and proved to be induced by enteric bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The inducible LINC00152 were found to inhibit Salmonella invasion and inflammation response. LINC00152 was overexpressed in tumors of the clinical CRC samples compared with adjacent normal tissues. Accordingly, we also demonstrated that overexpression of LINC00152 promoted the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Consistently, we observed an increased abundance of gram-negative bacteria and LPS in tumors tissue. Taken together, the above data implicated that enriched gram-negative bacteria in tumor tissue might promote tumor growth through modulating the expression of LINC00152. Furthermore, we demonstrated that LPS upregulated the expression of LINC00152 by introducing histone lactylation on its promoter and decreasing the binding efficiency of the repressor, YY1, to it. Our results provide new insights into how enterobacteria affect host epigenetics in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Ni
- Department of Surgery , the Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhen
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qisha Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijia Fang
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Surgery , the Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyin Liu, ; Ping Huang,
| | - Xingyin Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology-Microbiology Division, Globe of health center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen of Jiangsu Province and Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Enterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xingyin Liu, ; Ping Huang,
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27
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Pouliquen DL, Boissard A, Henry C, Coqueret O, Guette C. Curcuminoids as Modulators of EMT in Invasive Cancers: A Review of Molecular Targets With the Contribution of Malignant Mesothelioma Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934534. [PMID: 35873564 PMCID: PMC9304619 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuminoids, which include natural acyclic diarylheptanoids and the synthetic analogs of curcumin, have considerable potential for fighting against all the characteristics of invasive cancers. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process for embryonic morphogenesis, however, the last decade has confirmed it orchestrates many features of cancer invasiveness, such as tumor cell stemness, metabolic rewiring, and drug resistance. A wealth of studies has revealed EMT in cancer is in fact driven by an increasing number of parameters, and thus understanding its complexity has now become a cornerstone for defining future therapeutic strategies dealing with cancer progression and metastasis. A specificity of curcuminoids is their ability to target multiple molecular targets, modulate several signaling pathways, modify tumor microenvironments and enhance the host’s immune response. Although the effects of curcumin on these various parameters have been the subject of many reviews, the role of curcuminoids against EMT in the context of cancer have never been reviewed so far. This review first provides an updated overview of all EMT drivers, including signaling pathways, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and tumor microenvironment components, with a special focus on the most recent findings. Secondly, for each of these drivers the effects of curcumin/curcuminoids on specific molecular targets are analyzed. Finally, we address some common findings observed between data reported in the literature and the results of investigations we conducted on experimental malignant mesothelioma, a model of invasive cancer representing a useful tool for studies on EMT and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Pouliquen
- Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- *Correspondence: Daniel L. Pouliquen,
| | - Alice Boissard
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Cécile Henry
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Coqueret
- Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Guette
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
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28
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Braoudaki M, Ahmad MS, Mustafov D, Seriah S, Siddiqui MN, Siddiqui SS. Chemokines and chemokine receptors in colorectal cancer; multifarious roles and clinical impact. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:436-449. [PMID: 35700938 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered the second cause of cancer death worldwide. The early diagnosis plays a key role in patient prognosis and subsequently overall survival. Similar to several types of cancer, colorectal cancer is also characterised by drug resistance and heterogeneity that contribute to its complexity -especially at advanced stages. However, despite the extensive research related to the identification of biomarkers associated to early diagnosis, accurate prognosis and the management of CRC patients, little progress has been made thus far. Therefore, the mortality rates, especially at advanced stages, remain high. A large family of chemoattractant cytokines called chemokines are known for their significant role in inflammation and immunity. Chemokines released by the different tumorous cells play a key role in increasing the complexity of the tumour's microenvironment. The current review investigates the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in colorectal cancer and their potential as clinical molecular signatures that could be effectively used as a personalised therapeutic approach. We discussed how chemokine and chemokine receptors regulate the microenvironment and lead to heterogeneity in CRC. An important aspect of chemokines is their role in drug resistance which has been extensively discussed. This review also provides an overview of the current advances in the search for chemokines and chemokine receptors in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Braoudaki
- Dept of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Mohammed Saqif Ahmad
- Dept of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Denis Mustafov
- Dept of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Sara Seriah
- Dept of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Mohammad Naseem Siddiqui
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shoib Sarwar Siddiqui
- Dept of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK.
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29
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Morris RM, Mortimer TO, O’Neill KL. Cytokines: Can Cancer Get the Message? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092178. [PMID: 35565306 PMCID: PMC9103018 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cytokines are important molecular players in cancer development, progression, and potential targets for treatment. Despite being small and overlooked, research has revealed that cytokines influence cancer biology in multiple ways. Cytokines are often found to contribute to immune function, cell damage, inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and several other cellular processes important to tumor survival. Cytokines have also proven to have powerful effects on complex tumor microenvironment molecular biology and microbiology. Due to their heavy involvement in critical cancer-related processes, cytokines have also become attractive therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the relationship between several cytokines and crucial cancer-promoting processes and their therapeutic potential. Abstract Cytokines are small molecular messengers that have profound effects on cancer development. Increasing evidence shows that cytokines are heavily involved in regulating both pro- and antitumor activities, such as immune activation and suppression, inflammation, cell damage, angiogenesis, cancer stem-cell-like cell maintenance, invasion, and metastasis. Cytokines are often required to drive these cancer-related processes and, therefore, represent an important research area for understanding cancer development and the potential identification of novel therapeutic targets. Interestingly, some cytokines are reported to be related to both pro- and anti-tumorigenicity, indicating that cytokines may play several complex roles relating to cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss some major cancer-related processes and their relationship with several cytokines.
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30
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Gao J, Wu L, Zhao Y, Hong Q, Feng Z, Chen X. Cxcl10 deficiency attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis through regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112965. [PMID: 34896075 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10, CXCL10) has been widely demonstrated to be involved in multiple kidney pathological processes. However, the role of CXCL10 in renal fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, Cxcl10-deficient (Cxcl10-/-) mice were used to generate the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. The level of renal fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration was examined in vivo and the effects of CXCL10 on EMT process of HK-2 cells was investigated in vitro. We observed that the injury degree of renal tissue and the collagen deposition levels were lighter and the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and fibronectin was significantly reduced in Cxcl10-/- mice, while the expression of E-cadherin was increased. However, interstitial F4/80-positive macrophages and CD4-positive T lymphocytes were unaffected by knockout of Cxcl10. Furthermore, IFN-γ or CXCL10 stimulation could obviously promote the expression of α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin and reduce the expression of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells, which could be inhibited by transfection of Cxcl10-siRNA. Our findings suggested Cxcl10 knockout could reduce renal dysfunction and inhibit renal fibrosis through regulating EMT process of renal tubular epithelial cells in murine UUO model. These results may provide a novel insight into the mechanism and a potential therapy target of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Liu M, Yang J, Xu B, Zhang X. Tumor metastasis: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:587-617. [PMID: 34977870 PMCID: PMC8706758 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In contrast to numerous discoveries that reveal the detailed mechanisms leading to the formation of the primary tumor, the biological underpinnings of the metastatic disease remain poorly understood. Cancer metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells escape from the primary tumor, settle, and grow at other parts of the body. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and anoikis resistance of tumor cells are the main forces to promote metastasis, and multiple components in the tumor microenvironment and their complicated crosstalk with cancer cells are closely involved in distant metastasis. In addition to the three cornerstones of tumor treatment, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, novel treatment approaches including targeted therapy and immunotherapy have been established in patients with metastatic cancer. Although the cancer survival rate has been greatly improved over the years, it is still far from satisfactory. In this review, we provided an overview of the metastasis process, summarized the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the dissemination and distant metastasis of cancer cells, and reviewed the important advances in interventions for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Liu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Bushu Xu
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology UnitState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
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