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Shang J, Song F, Zhang Z, Chen D, Yang S. Application of novel CRISPR tools in brain therapy. Life Sci 2024; 352:122855. [PMID: 38908787 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing toolkit has been widely used to modify the genome sequence of organisms. As the CRISPR toolbox continues to grow and new CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins are discovered, its applications have expanded beyond conventional genome editing. This now encompass epigenetic editing, gene expression control, and various other functions. Notably, these advancements are finding practical application in the treatment of brain diseases. Furthermore, the amalgamation of CRISPR and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) technologies has emerged as a potential approach for disease treatment. With this in mind, this review commences by offering a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in CRISPR gene editing tools. This encompasses an exploration of various Cas proteins, gene expression control, epigenetic editing, base editing and primer editing. Additionally, we present an in-depth examination of the manifold applications of these innovative CRISPR tools in the realms of brain therapeutics, such as neurodegenerative diseases, neurological syndromes and genetic disorders, epileptic disorders, and brain tumors, also explore the pathogenesis of these diseases. This includes their utilization in modeling, gene screening, therapeutic gene editing, as well as their emerging synergy with CAR-T technology. Finally, we discuss the remaining technical challenges that need to be addressed for effective utilization of CRISPR tools in disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Shang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fei Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Di Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Hebert JD, Xu H, Tang YJ, Ruiz PA, Detrick CR, Wang J, Hughes NW, Donosa O, Andrejka L, Karmakar S, Aboiralor I, Tang R, Sage J, Cong L, Petrov DA, Winslow MM. Efficient and multiplexed somatic genome editing with Cas12a mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.07.583774. [PMID: 38496463 PMCID: PMC10942438 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.583774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Somatic genome editing in mouse models has increased our understanding of the in vivo effects of genetic alterations in areas ranging from neuroscience to cancer biology and beyond. However, existing models are limited in their ability to create multiple targeted edits. Thus, our understanding of the complex genetic interactions that underlie development, homeostasis, and disease remains incomplete. Cas12a is an RNA-guided endonuclease with unique attributes that enable simple targeting of multiple genes with crRNA arrays containing tandem guides. To accelerate and expand the generation of complex genotypes in somatic cells, we generated transgenic mice with Cre-regulated and constitutive expression of enhanced Acidaminococcus sp. Cas12a (enAsCas12a). In these mice, enAsCas12a-mediated somatic genome editing robustly generated compound genotypes, as exemplified by the initiation of diverse cancer types driven by homozygous inactivation of trios of tumor suppressor genes. We further integrated these modular crRNA arrays with clonal barcoding to quantify the size and number of tumors with each array, as well as the efficiency of each crRNA. These Cas12a alleles will enable the rapid generation of disease models and broadly facilitate the high-throughput investigation of coincident genomic alterations in somatic cells in vivo .
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Li ZH, Wang J, Xu JP, Wang J, Yang X. Recent advances in CRISPR-based genome editing technology and its applications in cardiovascular research. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:12. [PMID: 36895064 PMCID: PMC9999643 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of genome editing technology has brought major breakthroughs in the fields of life science and medicine. In recent years, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing toolbox has been greatly expanded, not only with emerging CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) nucleases, but also novel applications through combination with diverse effectors. Recently, transposon-associated programmable RNA-guided genome editing systems have been uncovered, adding myriads of potential new tools to the genome editing toolbox. CRISPR-based genome editing technology has also revolutionized cardiovascular research. Here we first summarize the advances involving newly identified Cas orthologs, engineered variants and novel genome editing systems, and then discuss the applications of the CRISPR-Cas systems in precise genome editing, such as base editing and prime editing. We also highlight recent progress in cardiovascular research using CRISPR-based genome editing technologies, including the generation of genetically modified in vitro and animal models of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as the applications in treating different types of CVD. Finally, the current limitations and future prospects of genome editing technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jing-Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.,Yaneng BIOScience (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518102, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Lorincz R, Alvarez AB, Walkey CJ, Mendonça SA, Lu ZH, Martinez AE, Ljungberg C, Heaney JD, Lagor WR, Curiel DT. In vivo editing of the pan-endothelium by immunity evading simian adenoviral vector. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114189. [PMID: 36587560 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological applications deriving from the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 site-specific nuclease system continue to impact and accelerate gene therapy strategies. Safe and effective in vivo co-delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target somatic cells is essential in the clinical therapeutic context. Both non-viral and viral vector systems have been applied for this delivery matter. Despite elegant proof-of-principle studies, available vector technologies still face challenges that restrict the application of CRISPR/Cas9-facilitated gene therapy. Of note, the mandated co-delivery of the gene-editing components must be accomplished in the potential presence of pre-formed anti-vector immunity. Additionally, methods must be sought to limit the potential of off-target editing. To this end, we have exploited the molecular promiscuities of adenovirus (Ad) to address the key requirements of CRISPR/Cas9-facilitated gene therapy. In this regard, we have endeavored capsid engineering of a simian (chimpanzee) adenovirus isolate 36 (SAd36) to achieve targeted modifications of vector tropism. The SAd36 vector with the myeloid cell-binding peptide (MBP) incorporated in the capsid has allowed selective in vivo modifications of the vascular endothelium. Importantly, vascular endothelium can serve as an effective non-hepatic cellular source of deficient serum factors relevant to several inherited genetic disorders. In addition to allowing for re-directed tropism, capsid engineering of nonhuman primate Ads provide the means to circumvent pre-formed vector immunity. Herein we have generated a SAd36. MBP vector that can serve as a single intravenously administered agent allowing effective and selective in vivo editing for endothelial target cells of the mouse spleen, brain and kidney. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Lorincz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aluet Borrego Alvarez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christopher J Walkey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samir A Mendonça
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhi Hong Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexa E Martinez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cecilia Ljungberg
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jason D Heaney
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William R Lagor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus box 8224, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Abstract
This Review examines the state-of-the-art in the delivery of nucleic acid therapies that are directed to the vascular endothelium. First, we review the most important homeostatic functions and properties of the vascular endothelium and summarize the nucleic acid tools that are currently available for gene therapy and nucleic acid delivery. Second, we consider the opportunities available with the endothelium as a therapeutic target and the experimental models that exist to evaluate the potential of those opportunities. Finally, we review the progress to date from investigations that are directly targeting the vascular endothelium: for vascular disease, for peri-transplant therapy, for angiogenic therapies, for pulmonary endothelial disease, and for the blood-brain barrier, ending with a summary of the future outlook in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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Krolak T, Chan KY, Kaplan L, Huang Q, Wu J, Zheng Q, Kozareva V, Beddow T, Tobey IG, Pacouret S, Chen AT, Chan YA, Ryvkin D, Gu C, Deverman BE. A High-Efficiency AAV for Endothelial Cell Transduction Throughout the Central Nervous System. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2022; 1:389-400. [PMID: 35571675 PMCID: PMC9103166 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-022-00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells have a crucial role in nervous system function, and mounting evidence points to endothelial impairment as a major contributor to a wide range of neurological diseases. However, tools to genetically interrogate these cells in vivo remain limited. Here, we describe AAV-BI30, a capsid that specifically and efficiently transduces endothelial cells throughout the central nervous system. At relatively low systemic doses, this vector transduces the majority of arterial, capillary, and venous endothelial cells in the brain, retina, and spinal cord vasculature of adult C57BL/6 mice. Furthermore, we show that AAV-BI30 robustly transduces endothelial cells in multiple mouse strains and rats in vivo and human brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate AAV-BI30's capacity to achieve efficient and endothelial-specific Cre-mediated gene manipulation in the central nervous system. This combination of attributes makes AAV-BI30 uniquely well-suited to address outstanding research questions in neurovascular biology and aid the development of therapeutics to remediate endothelial dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Krolak
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Y. Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luke Kaplan
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qin Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason Wu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Velina Kozareva
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Beddow
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle G. Tobey
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simon Pacouret
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Albert T. Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yujia A. Chan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Ryvkin
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chenghua Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Deverman
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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