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Huang M, Li Y, Li Y, Liu S. C-Terminal Binding Protein: Regulator between Viral Infection and Tumorigenesis. Viruses 2024; 16:988. [PMID: 38932279 PMCID: PMC11209466 DOI: 10.3390/v16060988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding protein (CtBP), a transcriptional co-repressor, significantly influences cellular signaling, impacting various biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune responses. The CtBP family comprises two highly conserved proteins, CtBP1 and CtBP2, which have been shown to play critical roles in both tumorigenesis and the regulation of viral infections. Elevated CtBP expression is noted in various tumor tissues, promoting tumorigenesis, invasiveness, and metastasis through multiple pathways. Additionally, CtBP's role in viral infections varies, exhibiting differing or even opposing effects depending on the virus. This review synthesizes the advances in CtBP's function research in viral infections and virus-associated tumorigenesis, offering new insights into potential antiviral and anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Huang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yucong Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuxiao Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (M.H.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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2
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Taheri M. MicroRNA Signature in Melanoma: Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608987. [PMID: 33968718 PMCID: PMC8100681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the utmost fatal kind of skin neoplasms. Molecular changes occurring during the pathogenic processes of initiation and progression of melanoma are diverse and include activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes, hyper-activation of PI3K/AKT pathway, inactivation of p53 and alterations in CDK4/CDKN2A axis. Moreover, several miRNAs have been identified to be implicated in the biology of melanoma through modulation of expression of genes being involved in these pathways. In the current review, we provide a summary of the bulk of information about the role of miRNAs in the pathobiology of melanoma, their possible application as biomarkers and their emerging role as therapeutic targets for this kind of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Ku GW, Kang Y, Yu SL, Park J, Park S, Jeong IB, Kang MW, Son JW, Kang J. LncRNA LINC00240 suppresses invasion and migration in non-small cell lung cancer by sponging miR-7-5p. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:44. [PMID: 33422052 PMCID: PMC7796488 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background lncRNAs have important roles in regulating cancer biology. Accumulating evidence has established a link between the dysregulation of lncRNAs and microRNA in cancer progression. In previous studies, miR-7-5p has been found to be significantly down-regulated in mesenchymal-like lung cancer cell lines and directly regulated EGFR. In this work, we investigated the lncRNA partner of miR-7-5p in the progression of lung cancer. Methods We investigated the expression of miR-7-5p and the lncRNA after transfection with an miR-7-5p mimics using a microarray. The microarray results were validated using quantitative real time-polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The regulatory effects of lncRNA on miR-7-5p and its target were evaluated by changes in the expression of miR-7-5p after transfection with siRNAs for lncRNA and the synthesis of full-length lncRNA. The effect of miR-7-5p on lncRNA and the miRNA target was evaluated after transfection with miRNA mimic and inhibitor. The role of lncRNA in cancer progression was determined using invasion and migration assays. The level of lncRNA and EGFR in lung cancer and normal lung tissue was analyzed using TCGA data. Results We found that LINC00240 was downregulated in lung cancer cell line after miR-7-5p transfection with an miR-7-5p mimic. Further investigations revealed that the knockdown of LINC00240 induced the overexpression of miR-7-5p. The overexpression of miR-7-5p diminished cancer invasion and migration. The EGFR expression was down regulated after siRNA treatment for LINC00240. Silencing LINC00240 suppressed the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells, whereas LINC00240 overexpression exerted the opposite effect. The lower expression of LINC00240 in squamous lung cancer was analyzed using TCGA data. Conclusions Taken together, LINC00240 acted as a sponge for miR-7-5p and induced the overexpression of EGFR. LINC00240 may represent a potential target for the treatment of lung cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-020-07755-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwan Woo Ku
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kang
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Lan Yu
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonghoon Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology and Institute of GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Beom Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woong Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Priority Research Center, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Diana A, Gaido G, Maxia C, Murtas D. MicroRNAs at the Crossroad of the Dichotomic Pathway Cell Death vs. Stemness in Neural Somatic and Cancer Stem Cells: Implications and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9630. [PMID: 33348804 PMCID: PMC7766058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness and apoptosis may highlight the dichotomy between regeneration and demise in the complex pathway proceeding from ontogenesis to the end of life. In the last few years, the concept has emerged that the same microRNAs (miRNAs) can be concurrently implicated in both apoptosis-related mechanisms and cell differentiation. Whether the differentiation process gives rise to the architecture of brain areas, any long-lasting perturbation of miRNA expression can be related to the occurrence of neurodevelopmental/neuropathological conditions. Moreover, as a consequence of neural stem cell (NSC) transformation to cancer stem cells (CSCs), the fine modulation of distinct miRNAs becomes necessary. This event implies controlling the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic target genes, which is crucial for the management of neural/neural crest-derived CSCs in brain tumors, neuroblastoma, and melanoma. From a translational point of view, the current progress on the emerging miRNA-based neuropathology therapeutic applications and antitumor strategies will be disclosed and their advantages and shortcomings discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Diana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Maxia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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5
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Sun X, Xiao L, Chen J, Chen X, Chen X, Yao S, Li H, Zhao G, Ma J. DNA methylation is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by regulating CtBP expression and CtBP-mediated signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:994-1009. [PMID: 32140068 PMCID: PMC7053340 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.39945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of arthritis. Chronic inflammation is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of OA. The maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines are controlled by inflammasomes, especially NLRP1 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 1) and NLRP3. In this study, we identified a transactivation mechanism of NLRP3 mediated by CtBPs (C-terminal-binding proteins). We found that both the mRNA and protein levels of CtBPs were significantly increased in OA biopsies. Analyzing the profiles of differentially expressed genes in CtBP-knockdown and overexpression cells, we found that the expression of NLRP3 was dependent on CtBP levels. By the knockdown or overexpression of transcription factors that potentially bind to the promoter of NLRP3, we found that only AP1 could specifically regulate the expression of NLRP3. Using immunoprecipitation (IP) and Co-IP assays, we found that AP1 formed a transcriptional complex with a histone acetyltransferase p300 and CtBPs. The knockdown of any member of this transcriptional complex resulted in a decrease in the expression of NLRP3. To explore the underlying mechanism of CtBP overexpression, we analyzed their promoters and found that they were abundant in CpG islands. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA) or knockdown of DNMTs (DNA methyltransferases) resulted in the overexpression of CtBPs, while overexpression of DNMTs caused the reverse effects on CtBP expression. Collectively, our results suggest that the decreased DNA methylation levels in the promoters of CtBPs upregulate their expression. Increased CtBPs associated with p300 and AP1 to form a transcriptional complex and activate the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream signaling, eventually aggravating the inflammatory response and leading to the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuxin Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guanghui Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbing Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Reprogramming Cells for Synergistic Combination Therapy with Nanotherapeutics against Uveal Melanoma. Biomimetics (Basel) 2018; 3:biomimetics3040028. [PMID: 31105250 PMCID: PMC6352695 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics3040028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults and around half of the patients develop metastasis and die shortly after because of the lack of effective therapies for metastatic UM. Consequently, new therapeutic approaches to this disease are welcome. In this regard, microRNAs have been shown to have a key role in neoplasia progression and have the potential to be used as therapeutic tools. In addition, in different cancers including UM, a particular microRNA signature appears that is different from healthy cells. Thus, restoring the regular levels of microRNAs could restore the normal behavior of cells. In this study, four microRNAs downregulated in UM have been chosen to reprogram cancer cells, to promote cell death or increase their sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic SN38. Furthermore, to improve the internalization, stability and/or solubility of the therapeutic molecules employed in this approach, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as carriers. Remarkably, this study found a synergistic effect when the four oligonucleotides were employed and when the chemotherapeutic drug was added.
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7
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Chen W, Li Q, Du J, Li X, Jiang S, He Y. Establishment of an miR-137-knockout cell model using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4027-4032. [PMID: 30128024 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-137 (miR-137) has been reported to be abnormally expressed in a variety of types of cancer, including ovarian cancer. However, the roles served by miR-137 in cancer are not fully understood. In the present study, 3 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed, synthesized and inserted into pXPR001 plasmids. The pXPR001-sgRNA plasmids were verified using sequencing and integrated into the genome of the ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, through lentiviral transduction, puromycin selection and single-cell culture. PCR products amplified from single-cell cultures using primers covering miR-137 targeting sites were sequenced to identify clones with miR-137 gene disruption. Genome editing was detected in 72% of the clones derived from sgRNA2, 4% from sgRNA3 and 0% from sgRNA1. Of the clones from sgRNA2, 32% contained 1 edited miR-137 allele and 40% contained 2 edited miR-137 alleles. The expression of miR-137 in clones #2 and #3 could not be detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, an MTT assay demonstrated that clones #2 and #3 exhibited enhanced proliferation. In conclusion, an miR-137-knockout cell model was successfully established in A2780 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Songshan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Yuanli He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, P.R. China
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8
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Du K, Zhang X, Lou Z, Guo P, Zhang F, Wang B, Chen L, Zhang C. MicroRNA485-3p negatively regulates the transcriptional co-repressor CtBP1 to control the oncogenic process in osteosarcoma cells. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1445-1456. [PMID: 30262996 PMCID: PMC6158736 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxyl-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1), a well-known transcriptional co-repressor, is highly expressed in a number of cancer types. However, it is still absent in osteosarcoma cells. Here, we found that CtBP1, but not CtBP2, is overexpressed in invasive osteosarcoma tissues and cells. The overexpressed CtBP1 in turn represses its downstream targets, such as the pro-apoptotic regulators Bax, Bim and p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA), cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, and the cell cycle regulators p16, p21 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). To explore the molecular mechanism of CtBP1 overexpression, we subjected three independent clinical samples to miRNA microarray analysis and found that miR-485-3p could specifically bind to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of CtBP1, thereby negatively controlling CtBP1 expression. The overexpression of miR-485-3p in osteosarcoma cells significantly repressed CtBP1 levels and inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration and sphere formation. Further analysis indicated that DNA hypermethylation in the promoter region of miR-485-3p caused the downregulation of miR-485-3p. Treatment with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (AZA) resulted in the upregulation of miR-485-3p and the downregulation of CtBP1 as well as inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth. This study provides evidence that CtBP1 is also overexpressed in osteosarcoma cells and demonstrates the underlying mechanism regarding its overexpression. Thus, therapeutically targeting CtBP1 may represent an effective strategy for osteosarcoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Du
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhenkai Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Peiyu Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Chunqiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
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9
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Blevins MA, Zhang C, Zhang L, Li H, Li X, Norris DA, Huang M, Zhao R. CPP-E1A fusion peptides inhibit CtBP-mediated transcriptional repression. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1358-1373. [PMID: 29879296 PMCID: PMC6068344 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The carboxyl‐terminal binding proteins (CtBP) are transcriptional corepressors that regulate the expression of multiple epithelial‐specific and pro‐apoptotic genes. Overexpression of CtBP occurs in many human cancers where they promote the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, stem cell‐like features, and cell survival, while knockdown of CtBP in tumor cells results in p53‐independent apoptosis. CtBPs are recruited to their target genes by binding to a conserved PXDLS peptide motif present in multiple DNA‐binding transcription factors. Disrupting the interaction between CtBP and its transcription factor partners may be a means of altering CtBP‐mediated transcriptional repression and a potential approach for cancer therapies. However, small molecules targeting protein–protein interactions have traditionally been difficult to identify. In this study, we took advantage of the fact that CtBP binds to a conserved peptide motif to explore the feasibility of using peptides containing the PXDLS motif fused to cell‐penetrating peptides (CPP) to inhibit CtBP function. We demonstrate that these peptides disrupt the ability of CtBP to interact with its protein partner, E1A, in an AlphaScreen assay. Moreover, these peptides can enter both lung carcinoma and melanoma cells, disrupt the interaction between CtBP and a transcription factor partner, and inhibit CtBP‐mediated transcriptional repression. Finally, the constitutive expression of one such peptide, Pep1‐E1A‐WT, in a melanoma cell line reverses CtBP‐mediated oncogenic phenotypes including proliferation, migration, and sphere formation and limits tumor growth in vivo. Together, our results suggest that CPP‐fused PXDLS‐containing peptides can potentially be developed into a research tool or therapeutic agent targeting CtBP‐mediated transcriptional events in various biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Blevins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Caiguo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lingdi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xueni Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mingxia Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Zhang S, Zhang X, Fu X, Li W, Xing S, Yang Y. Identification of common differentially-expressed miRNAs in ovarian cancer cells and their exosomes compared with normal ovarian surface epithelial cell cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2391-2401. [PMID: 30013629 PMCID: PMC6036573 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify common microRNAs (miRNAs) in ovarian cancer (OC) cells and their exosomes using microarray data (accession number GSE76449) available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, including exosomal samples from 3 OC cell lines, 1 normal ovarian surface epithelial cell line and their original cell samples. Differentially-expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray data method, and mRNA targets of DE-miRNAs were predicted using the miRWalk2 database. The potential functions of the target genes of the DE-miRNAs were analyzed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery tool. The association between crucial miRNAs and target genes, and their clinical associations, were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas data. As a result, 12 upregulated and 12 downregulated DE-miRNAs were shared by the 3 OC cell lines compared with normal controls in the exosomal samples, while 5 upregulated and 65 downregulated DE-miRNAs were shared between the original cells. Among them, 9 downregulated DE-miRNAs were shared between exosomal and original cells. The target genes of 4 common DE-miRNAs between exosomal and original cells (miR-127-3p, miR-339-5p, miR-409-3p and miR-654-3p) were predicted. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these target genes may be involved in the Wnt signaling pathway (miR-409-3p-CTBP1 and miR-339-5p-CHD8) and Proteoglycans in cancer (miR-127-3p-PPP1CA). The negative associations between these 3 miRNAs and target genes were confirmed by a Pearson's correlation analysis. miR-127 was negatively associated with tumor grade. In conclusion, our results describe a set of miRNAs involved in OC development, in exosomal and non-exosomal manners, by regulating their target genes. They may be potential targets for treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Wannan Li
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Shu Xing
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yiling Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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11
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Min L, Wang F, Hu S, Chen Y, Yang J, Liang S, Xu X. Aberrant microRNA-137 promoter methylation is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7744-7750. [PMID: 29740491 PMCID: PMC5934732 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-137 (miR-137) functions as a tumor suppressor and is silenced by aberrant promoter methylation. Previous studies have demonstrated that miR-137 is downregulated in lung cancer. The purpose of the present study was to investigate miR-137 promoter methylation and to assess its prognostic value in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The expression of miR-137 was analyzed inhuman lung cancer A549 and H1299 cells and normal bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, 10 paired formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung cancer and normal tissue samples, and 56 archived paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissues. Quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to assess the miR-137 methylation status. The associations between miR-137 promoter methylation and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with NSCLC (n=56) were analyzed using analysis of variance. miR-137 was markedly downregulated in lung cancer cells and lung cancer tissue specimens compared with expression in BEAS-2B cells and matched adjacent normal lung tissues. A significant negative correlation between miR-137 expression and miR-137 promoter methylation was observed in human lung cancer tissues (r=-0.343; P=0.01). Smoking, lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage were associated with significantly lower expression of miR-137 in variance analysis. High levels of miR-137 promoter methylation were associated with a significantly poorer disease-free survival rate (P=0.034), but were not associated with overall survival, in Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate analysis. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that miR-137 is downregulated and that its promoter is aberrantly methylated in lung cancer, and that high levels of miR-137 promoter methylation may have prognostic value for poor disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Min
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Suwei Hu
- Medical Genetic Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Sudong Liang
- Department of Urology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xingxiang Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Subei People's Hospital, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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12
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miR-137 inhibits melanoma cell proliferation through downregulation of GLO1. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 61:541-549. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Peres J, Kwesi-Maliepaard EM, Rambow F, Larue L, Prince S. The tumour suppressor, miR-137, inhibits malignant melanoma migration by targetting the TBX3 transcription factor. Cancer Lett 2017; 405:111-119. [PMID: 28757416 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor, TBX3, is a key driver of malignant melanoma and any drug that impacts its expression is likely to have an impact on the treatment of this highly aggressive and treatment resistant cancer. Replacement of miRNAs that target oncogenes has gained much attention as a therapy because it is anticipated to be effective with little side-effects since miRNAs are naturally occurring and often target large set of genes in the same oncogenic pathway. Here we show that miR-137 levels correlate inversely with TBX3 mRNA levels in a panel of melanoma cell lines and in a cohort of patients with primary melanoma. Low levels of miR-137 and high levels of TBX3 are shown to be associated with poor patient survival. We show that miR-137 binds a conserved site in the TBX3 3' untranslated region and that a miR-137 mimic significantly reduces endogenous levels of TBX3 and inhibits anchorage independent growth and migration of malignant melanoma cells. Novel data are provided that the miR-137/TBX3/E-cadherin axis plays an important role in melanomagenesis and that miR-137 replacement is a potential therapeutic approach for treating melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Peres
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Eliza M Kwesi-Maliepaard
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Florian Rambow
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology, Campus Gasthuisberg, O&N4, Herestraat 49 Box 602, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie, Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes, 91405 Orsay, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR3347, 91405 Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, 91405 Orsay, France; Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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14
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He Y, Zhang X, Ji J, Liu B. Joint estimation of multiple high-dimensional Gaussian copula graphical models. AUST NZ J STAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/anzs.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- School of Statistics; Shandong University of Finance and Economics; Jinan 250014 Shandong China
| | - Xinsheng Zhang
- Department of Statistics, School of Management; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jiadong Ji
- School of Statistics; Shandong University of Finance and Economics; Jinan 250014 Shandong China
- School of Public Health; Shandong University; Jinan 250012 Shandong China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Statistics, School of Management; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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15
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Gao W, Wu Y, He X, Zhang C, Zhu M, Chen B, Liu Q, Qu X, Li W, Wen S, Wang B. MicroRNA-204-5p inhibits invasion and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by suppressing forkhead box C1. J Cancer 2017; 8:2356-2368. [PMID: 28819440 PMCID: PMC5560155 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim: Understanding the molecular biological mechanisms underlying laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) invasion and metastasis is crucial for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. We aimed to examine the expression of the tumor suppressor microRNA-204-5p (miR-204-5p) and its target gene, forkhead box C1 (FOXC1), in human LSCC and explore their roles in the malignant behaviors of LSCC Hep-2 and TU-177 cells. Methods: The regulatory effects of miR-204-5p on the 3' untranslated region of FOXC1 predicted by bioinformatics were tested by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expression in 43 fresh samples of LSCC and corresponding adjacent normal mucosa (ANM). FOXC1 protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. miR-204-5p mimics and FOXC1 siRNA were transfected into LSCC cell lines Hep-2 and TU-177 to observe malignant behavior. miR-204-5p mimics were injected into Hep-2 or TU-177 xenograft tumors in nude mice to examine tumor growth.Results: The miR-204-5p mRNA level was lower in all 43 LSCC samples than in the ANM samples, but the FOXC1 level was higher in the LSCC samples than in the ANM samples. The miR-204-5p level was lower for stage III and IV cancer and lymph node N+ status samples than for stage I and II cancer and N0 status samples. FOXC1 mRNA and protein levels were higher for N+ than for N0 LSCC. The miR-204-5p mRNA levels were lower in Hep-2 and TU-177 cells than in ANM tissues, but FOXC1 mRNA levels were higher in Hep-2 and TU-177 cells than in ANM tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter assays demonstrated the targeted regulatory effects of miR-204-5p on the FOXC1 3' UTR. Cell proliferation and colony formation was facilitated with miR-204-5p mimics and FOXC1 siRNA, with weaker cell migration and invasion than the controls. Moreover, miR-204-5p overexpression or FOXC1 knockdown inhibited the EMT process in LSCC cells. In vivo experiments demonstrated that injection of miR-204-5p into Hep-2 and TU-177 xenograft tumors in nude mice significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusions: miR-204-5p is involved in the invasion and metastasis of LSCC. It has a targeted regulatory effect on FOXC1 expression; malignant LSCC behaviors, including cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, are suppressed, and tumor growth in vivo is inhibited. This suggests that miR-204-5p may be a target for molecular therapy of LSCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoling He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meixia Zhu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xukuan Qu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiyan Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuxin Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Binquan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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16
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Chen R, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wu H, Yang S. miR-137 inhibits the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting SRC3. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3905-3911. [PMID: 28521488 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The results of the present study demonstrate that high expression of microRNA (miR)-137 and low expression of steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC3) had a significant negative correlation in 40 NSCLC tissue samples. In addition, cell colony formation and proliferation was significantly reduced in miR-137-transfected A549 and NCI-H838 cells compared with scramble-transfected NSCLC cell lines. miR-137 was identified to induce G1/S cell cycle arrest and dysregulate the mRNA expression of cell cycle-associated proteins (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin E, cyclin A1, cyclin A2 and p21) in NSCLC cells. Notably, miR-137 could significantly suppress SRC3 3' untranslated region (UTR) luciferase-reporter activity, an effect that was not detectable when the putative 3'-UTR target-site was mutated, further clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of miR-137 in NSCLC. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that miR-137 suppresses NSCLC cell proliferation by partially targeting SRC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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17
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Abstract
Activation of oncogenes or the deactivation of tumor suppressor genes has long been established as the fundamental mechanism leading towards carcinogenesis. Although this age old axiom is vastly accurate, thorough study over the last 15years has given us unprecedented information on the involvement of epigenetic in cancer. Various biochemical pathways that are essential towards tumorigenesis are regulated by the epigenetic phenomenons like remodeling of nucleosome by histone modifications, DNA methylation and miRNA mediated targeting of various genes. Moreover the presence of mutations in the genes controlling the epigenetic players has further strengthened the association of epigenetics in cancer. This merger has opened up newer avenues for targeted anti-cancer drug therapy with numerous pharmaceutical industries focusing on expanding their research and development pipeline with epigenetic drugs. The information provided here elaborates the elementary phenomena of the various epigenetic regulators and discusses their alteration associated with the development of cancer. We also highlight the recent developments in epigenetic drugs combining preclinical and clinical data to signify this evolving field in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Biswas
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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18
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Mahmoudi E, Cairns MJ. MiR-137: an important player in neural development and neoplastic transformation. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:44-55. [PMID: 27620842 PMCID: PMC5414082 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent an important class of small regulatory RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally by targeting mRNAs for degradation or translation inhibition. Early studies have revealed a complex role for miRNAs in major biological processes such as development, differentiation, growth and metabolism. MiR-137 in particular, has been of great interest due to its critical role in brain function and putative involvement in the etiology of both neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer. Several lines of evidence suggest that development, differentiation and maturation of the nervous system is strongly linked to the expression of miR-137 and its regulation of a large number of downstream target genes in various pathways. Dysregulation of this molecule has also been implicated in major mental illnesses through its position in a variant allele highly associated with schizophrenia in the largest mega genome-wide association studies. Interestingly, miR-137 has also been shown to act as a tumor suppressor, with numerous studies finding reduced expression in neoplasia including brain tumor. Restoration of miR-137 expression has also been shown to inhibit cell proliferation, migration and metastasis, and induce cell cycle arrest, differentiation and apoptosis. These properties of miR-137 propose its potential for prognosis, diagnosis and as a therapeutic target for treatment of several human neurological and neoplastic disorders. In this review, we provide details on the discovery, targets, function, regulation and disease involvement of miR-137 with a broad look at recent discovery in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mahmoudi
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia,Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. E-mail:
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19
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Wang L, Liu J, Zhong Z, Gong X, Liu W, Shi L, Li X. PTP4A3 is a target for inhibition of cell proliferatin, migration and invasion through Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in glioblastoma under the regulation of miR-137. Brain Res 2016; 1646:441-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Deng Z, Hao J, Lei D, He Y, Lu L, He L. Pivotal MicroRNAs in Melanoma: A Mini-Review. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 20:449-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-016-0219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020013. [PMID: 26821054 PMCID: PMC4773769 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and distant site metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. There is increasing evidence supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cell progression, invasion, and metastasis. During the process of EMT, epithelial cancer cells acquire molecular alternations that facilitate the loss of epithelial features and gain of mesenchymal phenotype. Such transformation promotes cancer cell migration and invasion. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that EMT is associated with the increased enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and these CSCs display mesenchymal characteristics that are resistant to chemotherapy and target therapy. However, the clinical relevance of EMT in human cancer is still under debate. This review will provide an overview of current evidence of EMT from studies using clinical human breast cancer tissues and its associated challenges.
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22
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Mirzaei H, Gholamin S, Shahidsales S, Sahebkar A, Jaafari MR, Mirzaei HR, Hassanian SM, Avan A. MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2015; 53:25-32. [PMID: 26693896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a life-threatening malignancy with poor prognosis and a relatively high burden of mortality in advanced stages. The efficacy of current available therapeutic strategies is limited, with a survival rate of less than 10%. Despite rapid advances in biomarker-guided drug development in different tumour types, including melanoma, only a very small number of biomarkers have been identified. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a molecular regulator in the development and progression of melanoma. Aberrant activation of some known miRNAs, e.g. let-7a and b, miR-148, miR-155, miR-182, miR-200c, miR-211, miR-214, miR-221 and 222, has been recognised to be linked with melanoma-associated genes such as NRAS, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, receptor tyrosine kinase c-KIT, AP-2 transcription factor, etc. There is accumulating evidence suggesting the potential impact of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic markers in diseases. In addition, miRNAs have turned out to play important roles in drug-resistance mechanisms; suggesting their modulation as a potential approach to overcome chemoresistance. This review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies on circulating miRNAs and their potential role as diagnosis, and therapeutic targets in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sharareh Gholamin
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Soodabeh Shahidsales
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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23
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Nilsson EM, Laursen KB, Whitchurch J, McWilliam A, Ødum N, Persson JL, Heery DM, Gudas LJ, Mongan NP. MiR137 is an androgen regulated repressor of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators. Oncotarget 2015; 6:35710-25. [PMID: 26461474 PMCID: PMC4742136 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens and the androgen receptor (AR) play crucial roles in male development and the pathogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). The AR functions as a ligand dependent transcription factor which recruits multiple enzymatically distinct epigenetic coregulators to facilitate transcriptional regulation in response to androgens. Over-expression of AR coregulators is implicated in cancer. We have shown that over-expression of KDM1A, an AR coregulator, contributes to PCa recurrence by promoting VEGFA expression. However the mechanism(s) whereby AR coregulators are increased in PCa remain poorly understood. In this study we show that the microRNA hsa-miR-137 (miR137) tumor suppressor regulates expression of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators including KDM1A/LSD1/AOF1, KDM2A/JHDM1A/FBXL11, KDM4A/JMJD2A, KDM5B JARID1B/PLU1, KDM7A/JHDM1D/PHF8, MED1/TRAP220/DRIP205 and NCoA2/SRC2/TIF2. We show that expression of miR137 is increased by androgen in LnCaP androgen PCa responsive cells and that the miR137 locus is epigenetically silenced in androgen LnCaP:C4-2 and PC3 independent PCa cells. In addition, we found that restoration of miR137 expression down-regulates expression of VEGFA, an AR target gene, which suggests a role of miR137 loss also in cancer angiogenesis. Finally we show functional inhibition of miR137 function enhanced androgen induction of PSA/KLK3 expression. Our data indicate that miR137 functions as an androgen regulated suppressor of androgen signaling by modulating expression of an extended network of transcriptional coregulators. Therefore, we propose that epigenetic silencing of miR137 is an important event in promoting androgen signaling during prostate carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeli M. Nilsson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian B. Laursen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Whitchurch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McWilliam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niels Ødum
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - David M. Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Huang Q, Ouyang X. The role of miRNAs in bone metastasis and their significance in the detection of bone metastasis: a review of the published data. Future Oncol 2015; 11:141-51. [PMID: 25572789 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The preferential metastasis of cancer cells to bone disrupts the process of bone remodeling and results in serious complications. Although bone imaging techniques are well established for bone metastasis diagnosis, they still have limits. Recently, small noncoding RNA molecules, called miRNAs, have become the subject of interest in many molecular pathways in relation to bone metastasis. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated the ability to distinguish normal from cancerous cells and metastatic bone tumor origin based on miRNA profiles. Here, we summarize the data on mechanisms of osteolytic and osteoblastic bone metastases supporting the involvement of miRNA changes in the bone metastatic evolution. We also focus on the available evidence regarding current clinical studies of miRNA expression in the detection of bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fujian 350025, PR China
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25
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Han Y, Bi Y, Bi H, Diao C, Zhang G, Cheng K, Yang Z. miR-137 suppresses the invasion and procedure of EMT of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 through targeting CtBP1. Hum Cell 2015; 29:30-6. [PMID: 26337822 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-015-0124-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Distant metastasis is the predominant site of gastric cancer recurrence and the most common cause of death. Recently, accumulating evidence has established that aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition activation plays a crucial role in the genesis, invasion, and metastasis of various cancers, including breast cancer. In this paper, we found that miR-137, which has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor in a variety of cancers, could significantly suppress the migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells, which might be correlated with its suppressive effects on the EMT procedure. Upon transfection, the epithelial marker, E-cadherin, was up-regulated, and the mesenchymal markers, N-cadherin and Vimentin, were suppressed. Moreover, we also found that carboxyl-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) was a putative target gene of miR-137 in MCF-7 cells, and might be involved in the suppressive effects, which might provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic options for human breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueyang Bi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Bi
- Department of General Surgery, The Jingqu Hospital of Weihai City, Weihai, 264200, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caimei Diao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of South District of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256603, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Hao S, Luo C, Abukiwan A, Wang G, He J, Huang L, Weber CEM, Lv N, Xiao X, Eichmüller SB, He D. miR-137 inhibits proliferation of melanoma cells by targeting PAK2. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:947-52. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education; Universities of the Confederated Institute for Proteomics; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Chonglin Luo
- Department of Translational Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Alia Abukiwan
- Department of Translational Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Guangxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education; Universities of the Confederated Institute for Proteomics; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Jinjun He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education; Universities of the Confederated Institute for Proteomics; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Lingyun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education; Universities of the Confederated Institute for Proteomics; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Claudia E. M. Weber
- Department of Translational Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Na Lv
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education; Universities of the Confederated Institute for Proteomics; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Xueyuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education; Universities of the Confederated Institute for Proteomics; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Stefan B. Eichmüller
- Department of Translational Immunology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | - Dacheng He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation of Ministry of Education; Universities of the Confederated Institute for Proteomics; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
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Kang N, Choi SY, Kim YK, Yoo IR, Han DH, Lee DS, Kim YS, Hong SH, Kang JH, Lee KY, Park JK, Sung SW, Park MS, Yim HW, Kim SJ, Park JY. Silencing of miR-137 by aberrant promoter hypermethylation in surgically resected lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2015; 89:99-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zeng Y, Huo G, Mo Y, Wang W, Chen H. MIR137 Regulates Starvation-Induced Autophagy by Targeting ATG7. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 56:815-821. [PMID: 25687327 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0514-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic mechanism in response to stress conditions and has been implicated in the progression and chemoresistance of various cancers. Human microR-137 (MIR137) is involved in neuronal maturation and neurogenesis, while little is known about its role in cancer. In this study, we showed that starvation increased the formation of autophagic marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) without significant change of MIR137 level in U87 cells. In addition, overexpression of MIR137 decreased LC3 expression and inhibited the degradation of the autophagy receptor sequestosome 1(SQSTM1/p62), while the MIR137 antagomirs showed the opposite effect on these autophagic markers. Moreover, MIR137 overexpression decreased, while its antagomirs increased the expression of autophagy-related 7(ATG7) mRNA and protein. MIR137-mediated inhibition of autophagy was prevented by ATG7. Finally, MIR137 promoted the sensitivity of U87 cells to adriamycin, an anticancer drug. Taken together, our study demonstrated that MIR137 attenuated starvation-induced autophagy by regulating the expression of ATG7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yongbiao Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Zhang L, Li Z, Gai F, Wang Y. MicroRNA-137 suppresses tumor growth in epithelial ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3107-14. [PMID: 25955305 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains a major gynecological problem, with a poor 5-year-survival rate due to distant metastases. The identification of microRNAs (miRNAs) may provide a novel avenue for diagnostic and treatment regimens for EOC. Several miRNAs have been reported to be involved in the progression of EOC, among which miRNA (miR)-137 has been observed to be downregulated in the ovarian tissues of patients with EOC. However, the functions of miR-137 in EOC cell apoptosis, migration and invasion remain to be elucidated. In the present study, the expression of miR-137 was measured in clinical ovarian cancer specimens and cell lines using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The role of miR-137 in the growth and survival of the SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell line was determined using several in vitro approaches and in nude mouse models. The results demonstrated that the expression of miR-137 was downregulated in the ovarian cancer specimens and cell lines. It was also observed that enforced expression of miR-137 in the EOC cell lines decreased cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and invasion, and induced G1 arrest and cell apoptosis in vitro. Notably, the enforced expression of miR-137 suppressed tumor growth in the nude mice models. These findings suggested that miR-137 may act as a tumor suppressor and be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Fengchun Gai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
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30
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Xiao J, Peng F, Yu C, Wang M, Li X, Li Z, Jiang J, Sun C. microRNA-137 modulates pancreatic cancer cells tumor growth, invasion and sensitivity to chemotherapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:7442-7450. [PMID: 25550779 PMCID: PMC4270551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We intended to investigate the role of microRNA 137 (miR-137) in regulating pancreatic cancer cells' growth in vitro and tumor development in vivo. METHODS QTR-PCR was used to examine the expression of miR-137 in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor cells from human patients. Lentivirual vector containing miR-137 mimic was used to overexpress miR-137 in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells. The effects of overexpressing miR-137 on pancreatic cancer cell invasion and chemo-sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were examined by cell migration and survival essays in vitro. The molecular target of miR-137, pleiotropic growth factor (PTN), was down-regulated by siRNA to examine its effects on cancer cell invasion. MIA PaCa-2 cells with endogenously overexpressed miR-137 were transplanted into null mice to examine tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS We found miR-137 was markedly underexpressed in both pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor cells from patients. In cancer cells, transfection of lentivirus containing miR-137 mimic was able to markedly upregulate endogenous expression of miR-137, inhibited cancer cell invasion and increased sensitivities to chemotherapy reagent 5-FU. PTN was significantly down-regulated by overexpressing miR-137 in pancreatic cancer cells, and knocking down PTN was effective to rescue the reduced cancer cell invasion ability caused by miR-137 overexpression. More importantly, overexpressing miR-137 led to significant inhibition on tumor formation, including reductions in tumor weight and tumor size in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that miR-137 played an important role in pancreatic cancer development. It may become a new therapeutic target for gene therapy in patients suffered from pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Hazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical CollegeGuiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
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31
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Akhbari P, Whitehouse A, Boyne JR. Long non-coding RNAs drive metastatic progression in melanoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:2181-6. [PMID: 25269471 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is the leading cause of skin-cancer related deaths and while in recent years some progress has been made with targeted therapies, there remains an urgent unmet need for novel therapeutic treatments and reliable diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. The emergence of next generation sequencing (NGS) has seen a growing appreciation for the role played by non-coding genomic transcripts in regulating gene expression and by extension impacting on disease progression. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the most enigmatic of these new regulatory molecules. Our understanding of how lncRNAs regulate biological functions and their importance to disease aetiology, while still limited, is rapidly improving, in particular with regards to their role in cancer. Herein we review the identification of several lncRNAs shown to impact on melanoma disease progression and discuss how these molecules are operating at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Akhbari
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Adrian Whitehouse
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James R Boyne
- Centre for Skin Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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32
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van Erp TG, Guella I, Vawter MP, Turner J, Brown GG, McCarthy G, Greve DN, Glover GH, Calhoun VD, Lim KO, Bustillo JR, Belger A, Ford JM, Mathalon DH, Diaz M, Preda A, Nguyen D, Macciardi F, Potkin SG. Schizophrenia miR-137 locus risk genotype is associated with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hyperactivation. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:398-405. [PMID: 23910899 PMCID: PMC4428556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-137 dysregulation has been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia, but its functional role remains to be determined. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired on 48 schizophrenia patients and 63 healthy volunteers (total sample size N = 111 subjects), with similar mean age and sex distribution, while subjects performed a Sternberg Item Response Paradigm with memory loads of one, three, and five numbers. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) retrieval activation for the working memory load of three numbers, for which hyperactivation had been shown in schizophrenia patients compared with control subjects, was extracted. The genome-wide association study confirmed schizophrenia risk single nucleotide polymorphism rs1625579 (miR-137 locus) was genotyped (schizophrenia: GG n = 0, GT n = 9, TT n = 39; healthy volunteers: GG = 2, GT n = 15, and TT n = 46). Fisher's exact test examined the effect of diagnosis on rs1625579 allele frequency distribution (p = nonsignificant). Mixed model regression analyses examined the effects of diagnosis and genotype on working memory performance measures and DLPFC activation. RESULTS Patients showed significantly higher left DLPFC retrieval activation on working memory load 3, lower working memory performance, and longer response times compared with controls. There was no effect of genotype on working memory performance or response times in either group. However, individuals with the rs1625579 TT genotype had significantly higher left DLPFC activation than those with the GG/GT genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that the rs1625579 TT (miR-137 locus) schizophrenia risk genotype is associated with the schizophrenia risk phenotype DLPFC hyperactivation commonly considered a measure of brain inefficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo G.M. van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Ilaria Guella
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Functional Genomics Laboratory University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 62617, United States
| | - Marquis P. Vawter
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Functional Genomics Laboratory University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 62617, United States
| | - Jessica Turner
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States
| | - Gregory G. Brown
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, CA, 92161, United States
| | - Gregory McCarthy
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06250, United States
| | - Douglas N. Greve
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gary H. Glover
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kelvin O. Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, United States
| | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States
| | - Aysenil Belger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Judith M. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, United States
| | - Michele Diaz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, United States
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Dana Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - Steven G. Potkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States
| | - FBIRN
- http://www.birncommunity.org
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Luo C, Weber CEM, Osen W, Bosserhoff AK, Eichmüller SB. The role of microRNAs in melanoma. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:11-22. [PMID: 24602414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, being largely resistant to conventional therapies at advanced stages. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this disease might be the key for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally control gene expression, thereby regulating various cellular signaling pathways involved in the initiation and progression of different cancer types, including melanoma. In this review, we summarize approaches for the identification of candidate miRNAs and their target genes and review the functions of miRNAs in melanoma. Finally, we highlight the recent progress in pre-clinical use of miRNAs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Luo
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Claudia E M Weber
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Osen
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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34
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Bier A, Giladi N, Kronfeld N, Lee HK, Cazacu S, Finniss S, Xiang C, Poisson L, deCarvalho AC, Slavin S, Jacoby E, Yalon M, Toren A, Mikkelsen T, Brodie C. MicroRNA-137 is downregulated in glioblastoma and inhibits the stemness of glioma stem cells by targeting RTVP-1. Oncotarget 2014; 4:665-76. [PMID: 23714687 PMCID: PMC3742828 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM), the most common and aggressive malignant astrocytic tumors, contain a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (GSCs) that are implicated in therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Here, we study the expression and function of miR-137, a putative suppressor miRNA, in GBM and GSCs. We found that the expression of miR-137 was significantly lower in GBM and GSCs compared to normal brains and neural stem cells (NSCs) and that the miR-137 promoter was hypermethylated in the GBM specimens. The expression of miR-137 was increased in differentiated NSCs and GSCs and overexpression of miR-137 promoted the neural differentiation of both cell types. Moreover, pre-miR-137 significantly decreased the self-renewal of GSCs and the stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and Shh. We identified RTVP-1 as a novel target of miR-137 in GSCs; transfection of the cells with miR-137 decreased the expression of RTVP-1 and the luciferase activity of RTVP-1 3'-UTR reporter plasmid. Furthermore, overexpression of RTVP-1 plasmid lacking its 3'-UTR abrogated the inhibitory effect of miR-137 on the self-renewal of GSCs. Silencing of RTVP-1 decreased the self-renewal of GSCs and the expression of CXCR4 and overexpression of CXCR4 abrogated the inhibitory effect of RTVP-1 silencing on GSC self-renewal. These results demonstrate that miR-137 is downregulated in GBM probably due to promoter hypermethylation. miR-137 inhibits GSC self-renewal and promotes their differentiation by targeting RTVP-1 which downregulates CXCR4. Thus, miR-137 and RTVP-1 are attractive therapeutic targets for the eradication of GSCs and for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Bier
- Everard and Mina Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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35
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Li P, Ma L, Zhang Y, Ji F, Jin F. MicroRNA-137 down-regulates KIT and inhibits small cell lung cancer cell proliferation. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 68:7-12. [PMID: 24412084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-137 expression was examined in parental and drug-resistant cell lines, H446 and H446/CDDP, of small lung cancer (SCLC), and the results showed there was fewer miR-137 expressed in H446/CDDP cells followed by KIT expression emergence. In order to confirm physiological function of these abnormal expressions, H446 and H446/CDDP cells were transfected with miR-137 inhibitor and miR-137 mimics, respectively, after that, miR-137 and KIT expression in two cell lines and drug sensitivity of these cells were evaluated. Results indicated that sensitivity of H446 cells to cisplatin significantly decreased after transfected with miR-137 inhibitor, while miR-137 mimics transfection increased drug sensitivity of H446/CDDP cells and deregulated KIT expression. Our data provided combined evidence that miR-137 was closely related to MDR of SCLC, and interfering of miR-137 expression may attenuate drug resistant of H446/CDDP cells to cisplatin partially through KIT expression regulation. Besides, it has also been proved that KIT might be only one of the downstream molecules of miR-137 that related to SCLC MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Li
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi'an, China; Department of Respiration, Harrison International Peace Hospital, 053000 Hengshui, China
| | - Lijie Ma
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi'an, China
| | - Yongjuan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical College, 523808 Dongguan, China
| | - Fuyun Ji
- Institute of Human Respiratory Disease, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Faguang Jin
- Department of Respiration, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710038 Xi'an, China.
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36
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MicroRNA regulation of epithelial plasticity in cancer. Cancer Lett 2013; 341:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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37
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Strong reduction of AGO2 expression in melanoma and cellular consequences. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:3116-24. [PMID: 24169347 PMCID: PMC3859937 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Processing of microRNAs (miRNAs) is a highly controlled process. Deregulation of miRNA expression was observed in several types of cancer but changes in the miRNA-processing enzymes have not been analysed until today. In this study, we analysed Argonaute2 (AGO2, EIF2C2), as one main factor of the miRNA processing ensemble, in the context of cancer development, especially in melanoma. Methods: We determined the AGO2 expression level in melanoma, as well as in other cancers, with biochemical approaches (qRT–PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence studies) and analysed the cell behaviour in migration assays. Results: Specifically in melanoma, we revealed a strong reduction of AGO2 expression compared with primary melanocytes. The reduction of AGO2 expression was only found on protein level, whereas the mRNA level stayed unchanged hinting to post-transcriptional regulation. We could show that re-expression of AGO2 in melanoma leads to a strong improvement of regulatory effects due to increased functionality of small-interfering RNAs and short hairpin RNAs. Conclusion: We identified melanoma-specific downregulation of AGO2 and corresponding reduced RNAi efficiency. These findings will help to understand the molecular basis of malignant melanoma and can potentially lead to an improvement of therapeutic strategies.
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38
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AP-1/c-Jun transcription factors: regulation and function in malignant melanoma. Eur J Cell Biol 2013; 93:76-81. [PMID: 24315690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer with an increasing incidence worldwide. One way to address the pathology of the disease is through molecular research. In addition to the analysis of melanoma-relevant signaling pathways, the investigation of important transcription factors is a fundamental objective. The AP-1 transcription factor family is known to play an important role in melanoma progression and development. The AP-1 family member c-Jun is highly expressed and active in melanoma cells, and the mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating c-Jun protein are diverse. In addition to the common regulation and activation of c-Jun by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), there are several other signaling pathways and interactions leading to c-Jun protein expression and thus AP-1 activation. In malignant melanoma, and many other cancer types, c-Jun has mainly oncogenic functions; however, other AP-1 proteins also have anti-oncogenic roles. Interestingly, several studies have revealed that a strong AP-1 activity in melanoma mainly depends on c-Jun. Recently, it has also been shown that the c-Jun protein is regulated and activated by several other mechanisms, including miRNAs and the cytoskeleton. In summary, there are a variety of mechanisms underlying the induction of c-Jun protein expression and activity leading to tumor progression and development, and this diverse regulatory machinery is due to the heterogeneity of different tumor types, particularly in malignant melanoma.
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39
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Bennett PE, Bemis L, Norris DA, Shellman YG. miR in melanoma development: miRNAs and acquired hallmarks of cancer in melanoma. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:1049-59. [PMID: 24046283 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00116.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression of targeted gene(s). The hallmark of cancer model outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg offers a meaningful framework to consider the roles of microRNAs in melanoma development and progression. In this systematic review of the literature, we associate what is known about deregulation of microRNAs and their targeted genes in melanoma development with the hallmarks and characteristics of cancer. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs for future melanoma management will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E Bennett
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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40
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Stankiewicz TR, Schroeder EK, Kelsey NA, Bouchard RJ, Linseman DA. C-terminal binding proteins are essential pro-survival factors that undergo caspase-dependent downregulation during neuronal apoptosis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2013; 56:322-332. [PMID: 23859824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are transcriptional co-repressors that are subject to proteasome-dependent downregulation during apoptosis. Alternative mechanisms that regulate CtBP expression are currently under investigation and the role of CtBPs in neuronal survival is largely unexplored. Here, we show that CtBPs are downregulated in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) induced to undergo apoptosis by a variety of stressors. Moreover, antisense-mediated downregulation of CtBP1 is sufficient to cause CGN apoptosis. Similarly, the CtBP inhibitor, 4-methylthio-2-oxobutyric acid, induces expression of the CtBP target Noxa and causes actinomycin-sensitive CGN apoptosis. Unexpectedly, we found that the mechanism of CtBP downregulation in CGNs undergoing apoptosis varies in a stimulus-specific manner involving either the proteasome or caspases. In the case of CGNs deprived of depolarizing potassium (5K apoptotic condition), caspases appear to play a dominant role in CtBP downregulation. However, incubation in 5K does not enhance the kinetics of CtBP1 degradation and recombinant CtBP1 is not cleaved in vitro by caspase-3. In addition, 5K has no significant effect on CtBP transcript expression. Finally, mouse embryonic stem cells display caspase-dependent downregulation of CtBP1 following exposure to staurosporine, an effect that is not observed in DGCR8 knockout cells which are deficient in miRNA processing. These data identify caspase-dependent downregulation of CtBPs as an alternative mechanism to the proteasome for regulation of these transcriptional co-repressors in neurons undergoing apoptosis. Moreover, caspases appear to regulate CtBP expression indirectly, at a post-transcriptional level, and via a mechanism that is dependent upon miRNA processing. We conclude that CtBPs are essential pro-survival proteins in neurons and their downregulation contributes significantly to neuronal apoptosis via the de-repression of pro-apoptotic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha R Stankiewicz
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, 80220, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80208, USA
| | - Emily K Schroeder
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, 80220, USA
| | - Natalie A Kelsey
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80208, USA
| | - Ron J Bouchard
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, 80220, USA
| | - Daniel A Linseman
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, 80220, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, 80208, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Medicine and Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
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41
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Li W, Liu M, Feng Y, Xu YF, Che JP, Wang GC, Zheng JH, Gao HJ. Evaluation of Argonaute protein as a predictive marker for human clear cell renal cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2013; 6:1086-1094. [PMID: 23696926 PMCID: PMC3657361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Argonaute subfamily proteins are involved in human organ growth and development. Recent studies found its association with human breast cancer, however, its expression profile and its prognostic value in clear cell renal cancer (ccRCC) have not been investigated. METHODS Expression of the Argonaute proteins were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tissue microarrays (TMA), containing paired tumor tissue and adjacent non-cancer tissue from 176 patients who had undergone surgery in hospital for histologically proven ccRCC. Prognostic value and correlation with other clinico-pathologic factors were evaluated in two classifications. RESULTS Data showed a significant higher expression of Argonaute 1 and Argonaute 2 present in neoplastic tissues compared with that in adjacent tissue; A significant correlation existed between the higher expression of Argonaute 1 protein with the T stage, lymph node metastasis and clinical TNM (cTNM); Survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test demonstrated that elevated Argonaute 1 and Argonaute 2 expression in cancer tissue predicted poorer overall survival (OS) compared with group in lower expression (36.3% VS 67.1%; 37.3% VS 53.9%; respectively). Notably, multivariate analyses by Cox's proportional hazard model revealed that expression of Argonaute 2 was an independent prognostic factor in renal cancer. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our present study clarify that the aberrant expression of Argonaute in human RCC is possibly involved with tumorigenesis and development, and the Argonaute protein could act as a potential biomarker for prognosis assessment of renal cancer. Related mechanism is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing University Affiliated Drum Tower HospitalNanjing, Jiangsu, 210093, China
| | - Yun-Fei Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jian-Ping Che
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Guang-Chun Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jun-Hua Zheng
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, 200072, China
| | - Heng-Jun Gao
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at Shanghai201203, China
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42
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Wright C, Turner JA, Calhoun VD, Perrone-Bizzozero N. Potential Impact of miR-137 and Its Targets in Schizophrenia. Front Genet 2013; 4:58. [PMID: 23637704 PMCID: PMC3636510 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant impact of microRNAs (miRNAs) on disease pathology is becoming increasingly evident. These small non-coding RNAs have the ability to post-transcriptionally silence the expression of thousands of genes. Therefore, dysregulation of even a single miRNA could confer a large polygenic effect. Schizophrenia is a genetically complex illness thought to involve multiple genes each contributing a small risk. Large genome-wide association studies identified miR-137, a miRNA shown to be involved in neuronal maturation, as one of the top risk genes. To assess the potential mechanism of impact of miR-137 in this disorder and identify its targets, we used a combination of literature searches, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), and freely accessible bioinformatics resources. Using TargetScan and the schizophrenia gene resource (SZGR) database, we found that in addition to CSMD1, C10orf26, CACNA1C, TCF4, and ZNF804A, five schizophrenia risk genes whose transcripts are also validated miR-137 targets, there are other schizophrenia-associated genes that may be targets of miR-137, including ERBB4, GABRA1, GRIN2A, GRM5, GSK3B, NRG2, and HTR2C. IPA analyses of all the potential targets identified several nervous system (NS) functions as the top canonical pathways including synaptic long-term potentiation, a process implicated in learning and memory mechanisms and recently shown to be altered in patients with schizophrenia. Among the subset of targets involved in NS development and function, the top scoring pathways were ephrin receptor signaling and axonal guidance, processes that are critical for proper circuitry formation and were shown to be disrupted in schizophrenia. These results suggest that miR-137 may indeed play a substantial role in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia by regulating networks involved in neural development and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Wright
- Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Center, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerque, NM, USA
- Psychology Department, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerque, NM, USA
- Psychology Department, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Center, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
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43
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Liang L, Li X, Zhang X, Lv Z, He G, Zhao W, Ren X, Li Y, Bian X, Liao W, Liu W, Yang G, Ding Y. MicroRNA-137, an HMGA1 target, suppresses colorectal cancer cell invasion and metastasis in mice by directly targeting FMNL2. Gastroenterology 2013. [PMID: 23201162 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Formin-like (FMNL)2 is up-regulated in colorectal tumors and has been associated with tumor progression, but little is known about regulatory mechanisms. We investigated whether microRNAs regulate levels of FMNL2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. METHODS We used real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses to measure levels of miR-137, high-mobility group AT-hook (HMGA)1, and FMNL2 in CRC cells and tissue samples from patients (n = 50). We used luciferase reporter assays to determine the association between miR-137 and the FMNL2 3' untranslated region, and HMGA1 and the miR-137 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to assess direct binding of HMGA1 to the miR-137 promoter. RESULTS miR-137 and miR-142-3p were predicted to bind FMNL2 based on bioinformatic data. Only the level of miR-137 had a significant inverse correlation with the level of FMNL2 protein in CRC cell lines and tissues. FMNL2 messenger RNA was targeted by miR-137; expression of miR-137 inhibited proliferation and invasion by CRC cells in vitro, and metastasis to liver and intestine by CRC xenografts in nude mice. HMGA1 bound to the promoter of miR-137 and activated its transcription, which reduced levels of FMNL2 in CRC cells. Ectopic expression of miR-137 in CRC cells inhibited phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt, which reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and vascular endothelial growth factor; it also reduced invasiveness of CRC cells, inhibiting signaling via phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, Akt, and MAPK. CONCLUSIONS Levels of miR-137 and HMGA1 are reduced, and levels of FMNL2 are increased, in CRC samples compared with adjacent normal mucosa. In CRC cells, miR-137 targets FMNL2 messenger RNA and is regulated by the transcription factor HMGA1. Expression of miR-137 reduces CRC cell invasion in vitro and metastasis of tumor xenografts in mice. FMNL2 appears to activate phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, protein kinase B (Akt), and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Völler D, Ott C, Bosserhoff A. MicroRNAs in malignant melanoma. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:909-17. [PMID: 23360785 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and the incidence of melanoma has been increasing faster than that of most other cancers. While the survival rate following surgical resection of early-stage primary tumors is nearly 100%, the survival of patients with metastasized tumors is strongly reduced, likely due to resistance to conventional therapies. Therefore, it is important to use new molecular approaches to develop new biomarkers to better prevent and diagnose melanoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression via repression of translation or direct degradation of their complementary mRNA. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the involvement of miRNAs and their corresponding targets in melanomagenesis as well as the potential use of miRNAs as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Völler
- Institute of Pathology, Molecular Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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45
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Zhu X, Li Y, Shen H, Li H, Long L, Hui L, Xu W. miR-137 inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells by targeting Cdc42 and Cdk6. FEBS Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Luo C, Tetteh PW, Merz PR, Dickes E, Abukiwan A, Hotz-Wagenblatt A, Holland-Cunz S, Sinnberg T, Schittek B, Schadendorf D, Diederichs S, Eichmüller SB. miR-137 inhibits the invasion of melanoma cells through downregulation of multiple oncogenic target genes. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:768-775. [PMID: 23151846 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and have important roles in various types of cancer. Previously, miR-137 was reported to act as a tumor suppressor in different cancers, including malignant melanoma. In this study, we show that low miR-137 expression is correlated with poor survival in stage IV melanoma patients. We identified and validated two genes (c-Met and YB1) as direct targets of miR-137 and confirmed two previously known targets, namely enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Functional studies showed that miR-137 suppressed melanoma cell invasion through the downregulation of multiple target genes. The decreased invasion caused by miR-137 overexpression could be phenocopied by small interfering RNA knockdown of EZH2, c-Met, or Y box-binding protein 1 (YB1). Furthermore, miR-137 inhibited melanoma cell migration and proliferation. Finally, miR-137 induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines and decreased BCL2 levels. In summary, our study confirms that miR-137 acts as a tumor suppressor in malignant melanoma and reveals that miR-137 regulates multiple targets including c-Met, YB1, EZH2, and MITF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Luo
- Division of Translational Immunology (D015), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Paul W Tetteh
- Division of Translational Immunology (D015), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick R Merz
- Division of Translational Immunology (D015), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Dickes
- Division of Translational Immunology (D015), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alia Abukiwan
- Division of Translational Immunology (D015), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Hotz-Wagenblatt
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Facility, Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Helmholtz-University-Group 'Molecular RNA Biology & Cancer', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan B Eichmüller
- Division of Translational Immunology (D015), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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MiR-145 regulates epithelial to mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells by targeting Oct4. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45965. [PMID: 23049906 PMCID: PMC3458807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-145 could regulate tumor growth, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. In our present study, we investigated its role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Expression of miR-145 was decreased in breast tumor tissues at T3&4 stages in comparison with those at T1&2. Over-expression of miR-145 mimics enhanced protein levels of E-cadherin and dampened those of α-SMA and Fibronectin, indicative of its inhibitory role in EMT occurrence. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-145 mimics inhibited Oct4 expression and miR-145 inhibitor enhanced it. Over-expression of Oct4 reversed miR-145-regulated expression of EMT markers, suggesting that Oct4 mediated the inhibitory effects of miR-145. MiR-145 could inhibite the expression of Snail, ZEB1, and ZEB2, while over-expression of Oct4 rescued the effects. Furthermore, Oct-4 induced over-expression of transcription factor Snail, ZEB1 and ZEB2 was mediated by β-catenin. Expression of Slug and Twist were not altered by miR-145/Oct4. Taken together, our results have revealed a novel role of miR-145 on EMT. It inhibits EMT by blocking the expression of Oct4, and downstream transcriptional factors, Snail, ZEB1 and ZEB2.
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Kappelmann M, Kuphal S, Meister G, Vardimon L, Bosserhoff AK. MicroRNA miR-125b controls melanoma progression by direct regulation of c-Jun protein expression. Oncogene 2012; 32:2984-91. [PMID: 22797068 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental event in the development and progression of malignant melanoma is the deregulation of cancer-relevant transcription factors. We recently showed that c-Jun is a main regulator of tumor progression in melanoma and thus the most important member of the AP-1 transcription factor family for this disease. Interestingly, we revealed that c-Jun expression was regulated on the post-transcriptional level and therefore speculated that miRNAs could be involved in c-Jun regulation. We determined seed sequences for miR-125b and miR-527 in the coding region of c-Jun mRNA that hints at the direct involvement of miRNA-dependent regulation on the protein level. We found that the expression of miR-125b was significantly reduced in malignant melanoma cell lines and tissue samples compared with melanocytes, whereas miR-527 remained unchanged. In further functional experiments, treatment of melanoma cells with pre-miR-125b resulted in strong suppression of cellular proliferation and migration, supporting the role of miR-125b in melanoma. In addition, transfection of pre-miR-125b led to strong downregulation of c-Jun protein but not mRNA expression in melanoma cells. Luciferase assays using reporter plasmids containing the miR-125b seed sequence in the luciferase coding region confirmed the direct interaction with miR-125b. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation of Ago-2 revealed that c-Jun mRNA accumulated in the RNA-induced silencing complex after pre-miR-125b transfection in melanoma cells. In summary, we identified an important role for miR-125b in malignant melanoma. Moreover, we demonstrated post-transcriptional regulation of c-Jun by this miRNA and showed that c-Jun is a main mediator of the effects of miR-125b on melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kappelmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Abstract
The aetiology of melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, is complex, involving both genetic and environmental components. Over the past decade, many genetic alterations affecting melanoma development have been identified and more recently a new epigenetic level of regulation has increasingly been explored. MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated epigenetic regulation of tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes has been shown to play a central role in melanomagenesis. Over the past few years, many studies combining miRNA expression arrays and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR assays have identified different miRNAs deregulated during melanoma progression. Several groups have focused their efforts on understanding the functional role of these different miRNAs in melanoma, identifying their direct targets and elucidating their mechanisms of regulation. This review summarizes the present knowledge of miRNA dysregulation in melanoma. On the basis of the current literature, we present a network of miRNA interactions involved in melanoma progression. Some of these key miRNAs may have utility as diagnostic markers or in targeted treatments.
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50
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Du Y, Liu Z, Gu L, Zhou J, Zhu BD, Ji J, Deng D. Characterization of human gastric carcinoma-related methylation of 9 miR CpG islands and repression of their expressions in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:249. [PMID: 22703336 PMCID: PMC3517451 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many miR genes are located within or around CpG islands. It is unclear whether methylation of these CpG islands represses miR transcription regularly. The aims of this study are to characterize gastric carcinoma (GC)-related methylation of miR CpG islands and its relationship with miRNA expression. Methods Methylation status of 9 representative miR CpG islands in a panel of cell lines and human gastric samples (including 13 normal biopsies, 38 gastritis biopsies, 112 pairs of GCs and their surgical margin samples) was analyzed by bisulfite-DHPLC and sequencing. Mature miRNA levels were determined with quantitative RT-PCR. Relationships between miR methylation, transcription, GC development, and clinicopathological characteristics were statistically analyzed. Results Methylation frequency of 5 miR CpG islands (miR-9-1, miR-9-3, miR-137, miR-34b, and miR-210) gradually increased while the proportion of methylated miR-200b gradually decreased during gastric carcinogenesis (Ps < 0.01). More miR-9-1 methylation was detected in 62%-64% of the GC samples and 4% of the normal or gastritis samples (18/28 versus 2/48; Odds ratio, 41.4; P < 0.01). miR-210 methylation showed high correlation with H. pylori infection. miR-375, miR-203, and miR-193b methylation might be host adaptation to the development of GCs. Methylation of these miR CpG islands was consistently shown to significantly decrease the corresponding miRNA levels presented in human cell lines. The inverse relationship was also observed for miR-9-1, miR-9-3, miR-137, and miR-200b in gastric samples. Among 112 GC patients, miR-9-1 methylation was an independent favourable predictor of overall survival of GC patients in both univariate and multivariate analysis (P < 0.02). Conclusions In conclusion, alteration of methylation status of 6 of 9 tested miR CpG islands was characterized in gastric carcinogenesis. miR-210 methylation correlated with H. pylori infection. miR-9-1 methylation may be a GC-specific event. Methylation of miR CpG islands may significantly down-regulate their transcription regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng-Lu, No,52 Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China.
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