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Li D, Wang L, Wang L, Gou Y, Luo B, Yan R, Liu H. The species and abundance of gut bacteria both positively impact Phortica okadai behavior. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:217. [PMID: 38734668 PMCID: PMC11088764 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut bacteria, which serve as essential modulators, exert a significant impact on insect physiology and behavior and have substantial application potential in pest management. The dynamics of gut bacteria and their impact on Phortica okadai behavior remain unclear. METHODS In this study, the dynamics of gut bacteria at different developmental stages in P. okadai were analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, and the species and abundance of gut bacteria that affect host behavior were examined via behavioral experiments. RESULTS A total of 19 phyla, 29 classes, 74 orders, 101 species, and 169 genera were identified. The results of the behavioral experiments indicated that the species Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis, Acetobacter tropicalis, Leuconostoc citreum, and Levilactobacillus brevis effectively influenced the feeding preference of P. okadai, and the single-bacterium-seeded P. okadai exhibited feeding preferences distinct from those of the germ-free (GF) and wild-type P. okadai. CONCLUSIONS The species and relative abundance of gut bacteria together positively impact P. okadai behavior. Lactiplantibacillus argentoratensis, as the most attractive bacteria to P. okadai, presents opportunities for novel pest control strategies targeting this vector and agricultural pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yanting Gou
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
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Lu Q, Li Y, Liao J, Ni Z, Xia S, Yang M, Li H, Guo J. Histone acetylation is associated with pupal diapause in cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1400-1411. [PMID: 37933450 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diapause is an environmentally preprogrammed period of arrested development that is important to insect survival and population growth. Histone acetylation, an epigenetic modification, has several biological functions, but its role in agricultural pest diapause is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of histone H3 acetylation in the diapause of Helicoverpa armigera. RESULTS The histone H3 gene of H. armigera was cloned, and multiple sequence alignment of amino acids revealed that the potential lysine acetylation sites were highly conserved across species. Investigation of histone H3 acetylation levels in diapause- and nondiapause-type pupae showed that acetylation levels were down-regulated in diapause-type pupae and were lower in diapausing pupae compared to nondiapause pupae. By screening the genome, six histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and eight histone deacetylase (HDAC) genes responsible for antagonizing catalytic histone acetylation modifications were identified in H. armigera, and most of them exhibited different expression patterns between diapause- and nondiapause-type pupae. To elucidate the effect of histone H3 acetylation on diapause in H. armigera, the diapause pupae were injected with the histone acetylation activator trichostatin A (TSA). The results indicated that TSA injection increased the levels of histone H3 acetylation, causing the diapausing pupae to revert to development. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that 259 genes were affected by TSA injection, including genes associated with metabolism, resistance, and immunological responses. CONCLUSION These results suggest that histone acetylation is inseparably related to the pupal diapause of H. armigera, which promises to be a potential target for pest control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Lu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jing Liao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhaohong Ni
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shunchao Xia
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Maofa Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haiyin Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianjun Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Gokulanathan A, Mo HH, Park Y. Insights on reproduction-related genes in the striped fruit fly, Zeugodacus scutellata (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 115:e22064. [PMID: 37929852 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The striped fruit fly, Zeugodacus scutellata is a significant pest in East and Southeast Asia by damaging Cucurbitaceae blossoms and fruits. To control this pest, a novel strategy to suppress the gene(s) associated with sexually dimorphic phenotypes has been devised and implemented in a laboratory scale. However, comprehensive transcriptomic analysis related to this sex differentiation of Z. scutellata was necessary to determine effective target genes for the genetic control. We performed de novo assembly of the transcript obtained by paired-end sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq platform and let to 217,967 unigenes (i.e., unique genes) with a minimum length of 200 bp. The female produced 31, 604, 442 reads with 97.93% of Q20, 94.76% of Q30, and the male produced 130, 592, 828 reads with 97.93% of Q20 and 94.76 of Q30%. The differentially expressed genes were used to predict genetic factors associated with sex differentiation, which included Rho1, extra-macrochaetae (emc), hopscotch (hop), doublesex (dsx), sex-lethal (sxl), transformer-2 (tra-2), testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase (tssk1), tektin1 (tkt1) and 2 (tkt2), odorant binding proteins (OBPs), fruitless (fru), vitellogenin receptor, and hormone receptors in Z. scutellata. In addition, this transcriptome analysis provides the additional gene associated with sex determination and mating behaviors, which would be applied to develop a novel sterile insect technique against Z. scutellata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyoung-Ho Mo
- Plant Quarantine Technology Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea
| | - Youngjin Park
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, South Korea
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Zhang Y, Liu S, De Meyer M, Liao Z, Zhao Y, Virgilio M, Feng S, Qin Y, Singh S, Wee SL, Jiang F, Guo S, Li H, Deschepper P, Vanbergen S, Delatte H, van Sauers-Muller A, Syamsudin TS, Kawi AP, Kasina M, Badji K, Said F, Liu L, Zhao Z, Li Z. Genomes of the cosmopolitan fruit pest Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) reveal its global invasion history and thermal adaptation. J Adv Res 2023; 53:61-74. [PMID: 36574947 PMCID: PMC10658297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis is one of the most destructive agricultural pests worldwide, with highly debated species delimitation, origin, and global spread routes. OBJECTIVES Our study intended to (i) resolve the taxonomic uncertainties between B. dorsalis and B. carambolae, (ii) reveal the population structure and global invasion routes of B. dorsalis across Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and (iii) identify genomic regions that are responsible for the thermal adaptation of B. dorsalis. METHODS Based on a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome assembly, we explored the population relationship using a genome-scale single nucleotide polymorphism dataset generated from the resequencing data of 487 B. dorsalis genomes and 25 B. carambolae genomes. Genome-wide association studies and silencing using RNA interference were used to identify and verify the candidate genes associated with extreme thermal stress. RESULTS We showed that B. dorsalis originates from the Southern India region with three independent invasion and spread routes worldwide: (i) from Northern India to Northern Southeast Asia, then to Southern Southeast Asia; (ii) from Northern India to Northern Southeast Asian, then to China and Hawaii; and (iii) from Southern India toward the African mainland, then to Madagascar, which is mainly facilitated by human activities including trade and immigration. Twenty-seven genes were identified by a genome-wide association study to be associated with 11 temperature bioclimatic variables. The Cyp6a9 gene may enhance the thermal adaptation of B. dorsalis and thus boost its invasion, which tended to be upregulated at a hardening temperature of 38 °C. Functional verification using RNA interference silencing against Cyp6a9, led to the specific decrease in Cyp6a9 expression, reducing the survival rate of dsRNA-feeding larvae exposed to extreme thermal stress of 45 °C after heat hardening treatments in B. dorsalis. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the evolutionary history and genetic basis of temperature adaptation in B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Marc De Meyer
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Tervuren B3080, Belgium
| | - Zuxing Liao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Massimiliano Virgilio
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Tervuren B3080, Belgium
| | - Shiqian Feng
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujia Qin
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Fruit Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Suk Ling Wee
- Centre for Insect Systematics, Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fan Jiang
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shaokun Guo
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hu Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pablo Deschepper
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Tervuren B3080, Belgium
| | - Sam Vanbergen
- Royal Museum for Central Africa, Invertebrates Section and JEMU, Tervuren B3080, Belgium
| | | | | | - Tati Suryati Syamsudin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | | | - Muo Kasina
- Apiculture Research Institute, P.O. Box 32-40302, Marigat, Kenya
| | - Kemo Badji
- Crop Protection Directorate, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fazal Said
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Lijun Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zihua Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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Hwang J, Choi EH, Park B, Kim G, Shin C, Lee JH, Hwang JS, Hwang UW. Transcriptome profiling for developmental stages Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis with focus on wing development and metamorphosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0277815. [PMID: 36857331 PMCID: PMC9977060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A white-spotted flower chafer Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis widely distributed in Asian countries is traditionally used in oriental medicine. This study explored gene expression abundance with respect to wing development and metamorphosis in P. b. seulensis based on the large-scale RNA-seq data. The transcriptome assembly consists of 23,551 high-quality transcripts which are approximately 96.7% covered. We found 265 wing development genes, 19 metamorphosis genes, and 1,314 candidates. Of the 1,598 genes, 1,594 are included exclusively in cluster 4 with similar gene co-expression patterns. The network centrality analyses showed that wing development- and metamorphosis-related genes have a high degree of betweenness centrality and are expressed most highly in eggs, moderately in pupa and adults, and lowest in larva. This study provides some meaningful clues for elucidating the genetic modulation mechanism of wing development and metamorphosis in P. b. seulensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Hwang
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Phylomics Inc., Daegu, South Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Phylomics Inc., Daegu, South Korea
| | - Bia Park
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chorong Shin
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- School of Industrial Technology Advances, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Ui Wook Hwang
- Department of Biology Education, Teachers College and Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Phylomics Inc., Daegu, South Korea
- School of Life Sciences, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- School of Industrial Technology Advances, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Institute for Korean Herb-Bio Convergence Promotion, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Mojib-Haghghadam Z, Sendi JJ, Zibaee A, Mohaghegh J. Effect of cold storage on some biological and physiological performance of Adalia decempunctata L. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110797. [PMID: 36064137 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adalia decempunctata (L.) is a common predator in agro ecosystems. Here, the effects of low-temperature storage on biological parameters, energy reserves, and antioxidant enzymes were investigated. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of this predator were maintained for 1-4 weeks and adults for different days (20, 35, 50, and 65 d) at 4, 7, and 10 °C in darkness and 70 ± 5% R.H. After storage of 20 days, the survival rate in male and female insects was >90% in 4, 7, and 10 ± 1 °C. In 65 days, the highest survival rate for adult insects was recorded at 4 °C. Effect of cold storage on the performance of adult's A. decempunctata was not statistically different for periods up to 35 days, but decreased longer duration (65 days). The female adults were able to tolerate the cold storage period by producing higher amounts of glucose and antioxidant enzymes, thus displaying a high survival rate. Based on our results, maintaining A. decempunctata adults at low temperatures (i.e. 4, 7, and 10 °C) for 20 or 35 days performed best without loss of quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mojib-Haghghadam
- Department of Plant Protection, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Plant Protection Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
| | - Jalal Jalali Sendi
- Department of Plant Protection, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Arash Zibaee
- Department of Plant Protection, University Campus 2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Jafar Mohaghegh
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Wang J, Fan H, Li Y, Zhang TF, Liu YH. Trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatases are involved in trehalose synthesis and metamorphosis in Bactrocera minax. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1643-1658. [PMID: 35075784 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trehalose is the principal sugar circulating in the hemolymph of insects, and trehalose synthesis is catalyzed by trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP). Insect TPS is a fused enzyme containing both TPS domain and TPP domain. Thus, many insects do not possess TPP genes as TPSs have replaced the function of TPPs. However, TPPs are widely distributed across the dipteran insects, while the roles they play remain largely unknown. In this study, 3 TPP genes from notorious dipteran pest Bactrocera minax (BmiTPPB, BmiTPPC1, and BmiTPPC2) were identified and characterized. The different temporal-spatial expression patterns of 3 BmiTPPs implied that they exert different functions in B. minax. Recombinant BmiTPPs were heterologously expressed in yeast cells, and all purified proteins exhibited enzymatic activities, despite the remarkable disparity in performance between BmiTPPB and BmiTPPCs. RNA interference revealed that all BmiTPPs were successfully downregulated after double-stranded RNA injection, leading to decreased trehalose content and increased glucose content. Also, suppression of BmiTPPs significantly affected expression of downstream genes and increased the mortality and malformation rate. Collectively, these results indicated that all 3 BmiTPPs in B. minax are involved in trehalose synthesis and metamorphosis. Thus, these genes could be evaluated as insecticidal targets for managing B. minax, and even for other dipteran pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Fang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang G, Cao S, Guo T, Wang H, Qi X, Ren X, Niu C. Identification and expression profiles of gustatory receptor genes in Bactrocera minax larvae (Diptera: Tephritidae): Role of BminGR59f in larval growth. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1240-1250. [PMID: 35146929 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insects employ various types of gustatory receptors (GRs) to identify nutrient-rich food and avoid toxic substances. The larval gustatory system is the critical checkpoint for food acceptance or rejection. As a specialist herbivore, the larvae of Bactrocera minax feed only on unripe citrus fruits. However, how larvae use GRs to check and adapt to the secondary metabolites in unripe citrus fruits remains unknown. In this study, we first performed developmental expression profiles showing that most BminGRs genes were highly expressed in 1st and 2nd instar larvae and that tissue-specific expression indicated high expression of most BminGRs genes in the mouthparts of 2nd instar larvae. Furthermore, we found that silencing BminGR59f by RNA interference (RNAi) affected the growth of 2nd instar B. minax larvae. Hesperidin and naringin were screened as ligands of BminGR59f via RNAi and cell calcium imaging, and the combination of these two flavones increased the body weight of larvae. In summary, we identified a novel gustatory perception pattern in B. minax for detecting hesperidin and naringin, which boosted the growth of B. minax larvae. These results shed light on how specialist herbivores detect and adapt to host metabolites in adverse environments depending on larval GRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuewei Qi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueming Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changying Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Saraiva NB, Auad AM, Barros E, Coutinho FS, Pereira JF, Barros RA, Ramos HJO, Oliveira MGA. Proteins from eggs of the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) reveal clues about its diapause regulation. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:219-227. [PMID: 35301960 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Embryo development in eggs of the spittlebug Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) passes through four phases (known as S1 to S4) being stopped at S2 during diapause. Studies about the molecular basis of diapause in spittlebugs are nonexistent. Here, we analyzed proteins from non-diapausing (ND), diapausing (D) and post-diapausing (PD) eggs of the spittlebug M. spectabilis. In total, we identified 87 proteins where 12 were in common among the developmental and diapause phases and 19 remained as uncharacterized. Non-diapausing eggs (S2ND and S4ND) showed more proteins involved in information storage and processing than the diapausing ones (S2D). Eggs in post-diapausing (S4PD) had a higher number of proteins associated with metabolism than S2D. The network of protein interactions and metabolic processes allowed the identification of different sets of molecular interactions for each developmental and diapause phases. Two heat shock proteins (Hsp65 and Hsp70) along with two proteins associated with intracellular signaling (MAP4K and a serine/threonine-protein phosphatase) were found only in diapausing and/or post-diapausing eggs and are interesting targets to be explored in future experiments. These results shine a light on one key biological process for spittlebug survival and represent the first search for proteins linked to diapause in this important group of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara B Saraiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Edvaldo Barros
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviane S Coutinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Jorge F Pereira
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, CEP 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Barros
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Humberto J O Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria G A Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Signor S, Yocum G, Bowsher J. Life stage and the environment as effectors of transposable element activity in two bee species. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 137:104361. [PMID: 35063439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diapause is a complex physiological phenomenon that allows insects to weather stressful environmental conditions. The regulation of diapause is accordingly complex, including signaling pathways that involve both small RNA and mRNA and affect the cell cycle, stress resistance, and developmental timing. Transposable elements, mobile genetic elements that replicate within the genome, are also thought to be stress responsive and regulated by the small RNA pathway. Therefore, we asked what the relationship was between environmental stress, diapause status, and transposable element expression in two species of agriculturally important bees, Megachile rotundata and Osmia lignaria. We characterized the TE content of the genomes of both species, then evaluated the expression of TE families during temperature stress, general environmental stress, and diapause stage. We found that the genomic TE content of the two species was very different, and M. rotundata has a larger number of annotated TEs compared to O. lignaria. We also found that both diapause stage and temperature stress had large effects on TE expression. The fold change of TE famlies tended to be larger in those expressed during diapause, however there was only a small majority that were upregulated during diapause. This suggests that stress and diapause do not break down to a simple up-regulation or down-regulation of TEs, but rather that the TE family, the genomic position of its insertions, and the exact heterochromatin formation of the organism at any given environmental state or life stage may affect overall expression of TEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Signor
- North Dakota State University, Department of Biological Sciences, United States.
| | - George Yocum
- Bioscience Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, United States
| | - Julia Bowsher
- North Dakota State University, Department of Biological Sciences, United States
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11
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Jiang T, Zhu Y, Peng Y, Zhang W, Xiao H. Universal and differential transcriptional regulatory pathways involved in the preparation of summer and winter diapauses in Pieris melete. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:371-378. [PMID: 33517919 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in understanding the environmental and hormonal systems regulating winter diapause. However, transcriptional regulation of summer diapause is still largely unknown, making it difficult to understand an all-around regulation profile of seasonal adaptation. To bridge this gap, comparison RNA-seq to profile the transcriptome and to examine differential gene expression profiles between non-diapause, summer diapause, and winter diapause groups were performed. A total number of 113 million reads were generated and assembled into 79,117 unigenes, with 37,492 unigenes categorized into 58 functional gene ontology groups, 25 clusters of orthologous group categories, and 256 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. KEGG analysis mapped 2108 differentially expressed genes to 48 and 67 pathways for summer and winter diapauses, respectively. Enrichment statistics showed that 11 identical pathways similarly overlapped in the top 20 enriched functional groups both related to summer and winter diapauses. We also identified 35 key candidate genes for universal and differential functions related to summer and winter diapause preparation. Furthermore, we identified some genes involved in the signaling and metabolic pathways that may be the key drivers to integrate environmental signals into the summer and winter diapause preparation. The current study provided valuable insights into global molecular mechanisms underpinning diapause preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, China
| | - Yingchuan Peng
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, China
| | - Wanna Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, China
| | - Haijun Xiao
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang330045, China
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12
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Wang J, Ran LL, Li Y, Liu YH. Comparative proteomics provides insights into diapause program of Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae). PLoS One 2021; 15:e0244493. [PMID: 33382763 PMCID: PMC7774860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a notorious univoltine pest that causes damage to citrus. B. minax enters obligatory pupal diapause in each generation to resist harsh environmental conditions in winter. Despite the enormous efforts that have been made in the past decade, the understanding of pupal diapause of B. minax is currently still fragmentary. In this study, the 20-hydroxyecdysone solution and ethanol solvent was injected into newly-formed pupae to obtain non-diapause- (ND) and diapause-destined (D) pupae, respectively, and a comparative proteomics analysis between ND and D pupae was performed 1 and 15 d after injection. A total of 3,255 proteins were identified, of which 190 and 463 were found to be differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in ND1 vs D1 and ND15 vs D15 comparisons, respectively. The reliability and accuracy of LFQ method was validated by qRT-PCR. Functional analyses of DAPs, including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, were conducted. The results revealed that the diapause program of B. minax is closely associated with several physiological activities, such as phosphorylation, chitin biosynthesis, autophagy, signaling pathways, endocytosis, skeletal muscle formation, protein metabolism, and core metabolic pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid conversion. The findings of this study provide insights into diapause program of B. minax and lay a basis for further investigation into its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Li-Lin Ran
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Institute of Entomology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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13
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The Developmental Transcriptome of Bagworm, Metisa plana (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) and Insights into Chitin Biosynthesis Genes. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010007. [PMID: 33374651 PMCID: PMC7822449 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bagworm, Metisa plana (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) is a ubiquitous insect pest in the oil palm plantations. M. plana infestation could reduce the oil palm productivity by 40% if it remains untreated over two consecutive years. Despite the urgency to tackle this issue, the genome and transcriptome of M. plana have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report a comprehensive transcriptome dataset from four different developmental stages of M. plana, comprising of egg, third instar larva, pupa and female adult. The de novo transcriptome assembly of the raw data had produced a total of 193,686 transcripts, which were then annotated against UniProt, NCBI non-redundant (NR) database, Gene Ontology, Cluster of Orthologous Group, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. From this, 46,534 transcripts were annotated and mapped to 146 known metabolic or signalling KEGG pathways. The paper further identified 41 differentially expressed transcripts encoding seven genes in the chitin biosynthesis pathways, and their expressions across each developmental stage were further analysed. The genetic diversity of M. plana was profiled whereby there were 21,516 microsatellite sequences and 379,895 SNPs loci found in the transcriptome of M. plana. These datasets add valuable transcriptomic resources for further study of developmental gene expression, transcriptional regulations and functional gene activities involved in the development of M. plana. Identification of regulatory genes in the chitin biosynthesis pathway may also help in developing an RNAi-mediated pest control management by targeting certain pathways, and functional studies of the genes in M. plana.
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Zeng B, Wang S, Li Y, Xiao Z, Zhou M, Wang S, Zhang D. Effect of long-term cold storage on trehalose metabolism of pre-wintering Harmonia axyridis adults and changes in morphological diversity before and after wintering. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230435. [PMID: 32191747 PMCID: PMC7082016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmonia axyridis is a major bio-control agent of pests in agriculture and forest ecosystems. It is also a globally important invasive insect species. To test whether dark elytra colour is associated with greater cold hardiness, we compared the survival rate of prolonged cold exposure in both yellow and black colour morphs of female and male H. axyridis. We determined the trehalose and glycogen content, trehalase activity, and the dynamics of genes associated with the trehalose metabolic pathway. Yellow forms predominated before winter began, however black forms increased from 11.15 to 30.46% after overwintering. There was no significant difference in trehalose content between the females and males during overwintering. Glycogen content in over-wintering yellow females and black males increased significantly, while it decreased in black females. Soluble trehalase activity increased significantly in all the insects except black females. Membrane-bound trehalase activity increased in black males, and decreased in black females. Trehalose and glycogen content and trehalase activity were regulated by differential expression of TRE and TPS genes. Female beetles weighed more than males and survived in low temperatures for longer periods of time, regardless of elytra colour, suggesting that mass is a stronger predictor of overwintering survival rather than colour morph. Our results provide a guide for comparing cold resistance in insects and a theoretical basis for cold storage of H. axyridis for use as natural enemies of pests in biological control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boping Zeng
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongjiu Xiao
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shigui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daowei Zhang
- School of Biological and Agricultural Science and Technology, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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15
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Barredo CG, Gil-Marti B, Deveci D, Romero NM, Martin FA. Timing the Juvenile-Adult Neurohormonal Transition: Functions and Evolution. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:602285. [PMID: 33643219 PMCID: PMC7909313 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.602285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty and metamorphosis are two major developmental transitions linked to the reproductive maturation. In mammals and vertebrates, the central brain acts as a gatekeeper, timing the developmental transition through the activation of a neuroendocrine circuitry. In addition to reproduction, these neuroendocrine axes and the sustaining genetic network play additional roles in metabolism, sleep and behavior. Although neurohormonal axes regulating juvenile-adult transition have been classically considered the result of convergent evolution (i.e., analogous) between mammals and insects, recent findings challenge this idea, suggesting that at least some neuroendocrine circuits might be present in the common bilaterian ancestor Urbilateria. The initial signaling pathways that trigger the transition in different species appear to be of a single evolutionary origin and, consequently, many of the resulting functions are conserved with a few other molecular players being co-opted during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia G. Barredo
- Molecular Physiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gil-Marti
- Molecular Physiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Derya Deveci
- Sartorius Netherlands BV, Amersfoor, Netherlands
| | - Nuria M. Romero
- Developmental Timing, Environment and Behaviors Laboratory, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Université Côte d’Azur-INRAE-CNRS-INSERM, Sophia Antipolis, France
- *Correspondence: Nuria M. Romero, ; Francisco A. Martin,
| | - Francisco A. Martin
- Molecular Physiology of Behavior Laboratory, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Neurobiology, Cajal Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Nuria M. Romero, ; Francisco A. Martin,
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16
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Andongma AA, Wan L, Dong YC, Wang YL, He J, Niu CY. Assessment of the Bacteria community structure across life stages of the Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae). BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:285. [PMID: 31870291 PMCID: PMC6929268 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Symbiotic bacteria play a critical role in insect’s biology. They also offer great opportunities to improve on current pest management techniques. In order to exploit and integrate the roles played by the gut microbiota on pest management programs, a better understanding of the structural organization of the microbial community in the Chinese citrus fly Bactrocera minax is essential. Results The results revealed a total of 162 OTUs at 97% similarity interval. The dominant bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Antinobacteria and Firmicutes, with the Proteobacteria having the highest relative abundance (more than 80% in all life stages). There was also a shift in the dominant OTUs from the early developmental stages to the late developmental stages and adult stages in B. minax. These OTUs related to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Providencia rettgeri and Enterobacter aerogenes, respectively. Six bacteria OTU were shared by all the life stages. These belonged to the Enterobacteriaceae and the Enterococcaceae families. Conclusion The common bacteria groups shared by all the life stages and other fruit flies could be important targets for further research. This should aim towards realizing how these bacteria affect the biology of the fly and how their relationship could be exploited in the development of sustainable management strategies against fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lun Wan
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yong-Cheng Dong
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Lei Wang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jin He
- State key laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chang-Ying Niu
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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17
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Dong YC, Chen ZZ, Clarke AR, Niu CY. Changes in Energy Metabolism Trigger Pupal Diapause Transition of Bactrocera minax After 20-Hydroxyecdysone Application. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1288. [PMID: 31736767 PMCID: PMC6831740 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct timing of diapause entry and exit is critical for a species' survival. While many aspects of insect diapause are well-studied, the mechanisms underlying diapause termination remain largely unknown. The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax, is a univoltine insect with an obligatory pupal diapause. The application of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) is known to terminate diapause in B. minax, and we used this approach, along with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation technology, to determine the proteins associated with diapause termination in this fly. Among 2,258 identified proteins, 1,169 proteins significantly differed at 1, 2, and 5 days post-injection of 20E, compared with the solvent-injected control group. Functional annotation revealed that the majority of differentially expressed proteins were enriched in the core energy metabolism of amino acids, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates as well as in signal transduction pathways including PPAR signaling, Calcium signaling, Glucagon signaling, VEGF signaling, Ras signaling, cGMP-PKG signaling, and cAMP signaling. A combined transcriptomic and proteomic analysis suggested the involvement of energy metabolism in the response of diapause transition. RNA interference experiments disclosed that a 20E injection triggers diapause termination probably through non-genomic actions, rather than nuclear receptor mediated genomic actions. Our results provide extensive proteomic resources for insect diapause transition and offer a potential for pest control by incapacitating the regulation of diapause termination either by breaking diapause prematurely or by delaying diapause termination to render diapausing individuals at a high risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.,Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chang-Ying Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Xu P, Wang Y, Akami M, Niu CY. Identification of olfactory genes and functional analysis of BminCSP and BminOBP21 in Bactrocera minax. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222193. [PMID: 31509572 PMCID: PMC6739056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects possess highly developed olfactory systems which play pivotal roles in its ecological adaptations, host plant location, and oviposition behavior. Bactrocera minax is an oligophagous tephritid insect whose host selection, and oviposition behavior largely depend on the perception of chemical cues. However, there have been very few reports on molecular components related to the olfactory system of B. minax. Therefore, the transcriptome of B. minax were sequenced in this study, with 1 candidate chemosensory protein (CSP), 21 candidate odorant binding proteins (OBPs), 53 candidate odorant receptors (ORs), 29 candidate ionotropic receptors (IRs) and 4 candidate sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) being identified. After that, we sequenced the candidate olfactory genes and performed phylogenetic analysis. qRT-PCR was used to express and characterize 9 genes in olfactory and non-olfactory tissues. Compared with GFP-injected fly (control), dsOBP21-treated B. minax and dsCSP-treated B. minax had lower electrophysiological response to D-limonene (attractant), suggesting the potential involvement of BminOBP21 and BminCSP genes in olfactory perceptions of the fly. Our study establishes the molecular basis of olfaction, tributary for further functional analyses of chemosensory processes in B. minax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mazarin Akami
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang-Ying Niu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Proteomic analysis of adult Galeruca daurica (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) at different stages during summer diapause. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2019; 29:351-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Kerima OZ, Niranjana P, Vinay Kumar B, Ramachandrappa R, Puttappa S, Lalitha Y, Jalali SK, Ballal CR, Thulasiram HV. De novo transcriptome analysis of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): A biological control agent. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Global Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Molecular Profiles of Summer Diapause Induction Stage of Onion Maggot, Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:207-217. [PMID: 29158334 PMCID: PMC5765349 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The onion maggot, Delia antiqua, is a worldwide subterranean pest and can enter diapause during the summer and winter seasons. The molecular regulation of the ontogenesis transition remains largely unknown. Here we used high-throughput RNA sequencing to identify candidate genes and processes linked to summer diapause (SD) induction by comparing the transcriptome differences between the most sensitive larval developmental stage of SD and nondiapause (ND). Nine pairwise comparisons were performed, and significantly differentially regulated transcripts were identified. Several functional terms related to lipid, carbohydrate, and energy metabolism, environmental adaption, immune response, and aging were enriched during the most sensitive SD induction period. A subset of genes, including circadian clock genes, were expressed differentially under diapause induction conditions, and there was much more variation in the most sensitive period of ND- than SD-destined larvae. These expression variations probably resulted in a deep restructuring of metabolic pathways. Potential regulatory elements of SD induction including genes related to lipid, carbohydrate, energy metabolism, and environmental adaption. Collectively, our results suggest the circadian clock is one of the key drivers for integrating environmental signals into the SD induction. Our transcriptome analysis provides insight into the fundamental role of the circadian clock in SD induction in this important model insect species, and contributes to the in-depth elucidation of the molecular regulation mechanism of insect diapause induction.
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22
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Yocum GD, Childers AK, Rinehart JP, Rajamohan A, Pitts-Singer TL, Greenlee KJ, Bowsher JH. Environmental history impacts gene expression during diapause development in the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.173443. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.173443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms controlling insect diapause has increased dramatically with the introduction of global gene expression techniques, such as RNA-seq. However, little attention has been given to how ecologically relevant field conditions may affect gene expression during diapause development because previous studies have focused on laboratory reared and maintained insects. To determine whether gene expression differs between laboratory and field conditions, prepupae of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, entering diapause early or late in the growing season were collected. These two groups were further subdivided in early autumn into laboratory and field maintained groups, resulting in four experimental treatments of diapausing prepupae: early and late field, and early and late laboratory. RNA-seq and differential expression analyses were performed on bees from the four treatment groups in November, January, March and May. The number of treatment-specific differentially expressed genes (97 to 1249) outnumbered the number of differentially regulated genes common to all four treatments (14 to 229), indicating that exposure to laboratory or field conditions had a major impact on gene expression during diapause development. Principle component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis yielded similar grouping of treatments, confirming that the treatments form distinct clusters. Our results support the conclusion that gene expression during the course of diapause development is not a simple ordered sequence, but rather a highly plastic response determined primarily by the environmental history of the individual insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D. Yocum
- USDA-ARS Insect Genetics and Biochemistry Research Unit, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Anna K. Childers
- USDA-ARS Insect Genetics and Biochemistry Research Unit, Fargo, ND, USA
- USDA-ARS Bee Research Lab, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | | | - Arun Rajamohan
- USDA-ARS Insect Genetics and Biochemistry Research Unit, Fargo, ND, USA
| | | | | | - Julia H. Bowsher
- Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Wang J, Fan H, Xiong KC, Liu YH. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae), along with pupal development provide insight into diapause program. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181033. [PMID: 28704500 PMCID: PMC5507520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is a devastating citrus pest in Asia. This univoltine insect enters obligatory pupal diapause in each generation, while little is known about the course and the molecular mechanisms of diapause. In this study, the course of diapause was determined by measuring the respiratory rate throughout the pupal stage. In addition, the variation of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles of pupae at five developmental stages (pre-, early-, middle-, late-, and post-diapause) were evaluated by next-generation sequencing technology and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), respectively. A total of 4,808 genes were significantly altered in ten pairwise comparisons, representing major shifts in metabolism and signal transduction as well as endocrine system and digestive system. Gene expression profiles were validated by qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, 48 metabolites were identified and quantified by 1H NMR. Nine of which significantly contributed to the variation in the metabolomic profiles, especially proline and trehalose. Moreover, the samples collected within diapause maintenance (early-, middle-, and late-diapause) only exhibited marginal transcriptomic and metabolomic variation with each other. These findings greatly improve our understanding of B. minax diapause and lay the foundation for further pertinent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Fan
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke-Cai Xiong
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Wang HJ, Shi ZK, Shen QD, Xu CD, Wang B, Meng ZJ, Wang SG, Tang B, Wang S. Molecular Cloning and Induced Expression of Six Small Heat Shock Proteins Mediating Cold-Hardiness in Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Front Physiol 2017; 8:60. [PMID: 28232804 PMCID: PMC5299025 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main function of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) as molecular chaperones is to protect proteins from denaturation under adverse conditions. Molecular and physiological data were used to examine the sHSPs underlying cold-hardiness in Harmonia axyridis. Complementary DNA sequences were obtained for six H. axyridis sHSPs based on its transcriptome, and the expression of the genes coding for these sHSPs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in several developmental stages, under short-term cooling or heating conditions, and in black and yellow females of experimental and overwintering populations under low-temperature storage. In addition, we measured water content and the super cooling and freezing points (SCP and FP, respectively) of H. axyridis individuals from experimental and overwintering populations. The average water content was not significantly different between adults of both populations, but the SCP and FP of the overwintering population were significantly lower than that of the experimental population. Overall, the six sHSPs genes showed different expression patterns among developmental stages. In the short-term cooling treatment, Hsp16.25 and Hsp21.00 expressions first increased and then decreased, while Hsp10.87 and Hsp21.56 expressions increased during the entire process. Under short-term heating, the expressions of Hsp21.00, Hsp21.62, Hsp10.87, and Hsp16.25 showed an increasing trend, whereas Hsp36.77 first decreased and then increased. Under low-temperature storage conditions, the expression of Hsp36.77 decreased, while the expressions of Hsp21.00 and Hsp21.62 were higher than that of the control group in the experimental population. The expression of Hsp36.77 first increased and then decreased, whereas Hsp21.56 expression was always higher than that of the control group in the overwintering population. Thus, differences in sHSPs gene expression were correlated with the H. axyridis forms, suggesting that the mechanism of cold resistance might differ among them. Although, Hsp36.77, Hsp16.25, Hsp21.00, and Hsp21.62 regulated cold- hardiness, the only significant differences between overwintering and experimental populations were found for Hsp16.25 and Hsp21.00.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zuo-Kun Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Da Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Cai-Di Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Meng
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin, China
| | - Shi-Gui Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Bin Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Su Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing, China
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Gong J, Tian S, Zhou X, Yang H, Zhu Y, Hou Y. Transcriptional Response of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) Eggs to O₂ or HCl Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121838. [PMID: 27941611 PMCID: PMC5187757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diapause is a common biological phenomenon that occurs in many organisms, including fish, insects, and nematodes. In the silkworm (Bombyx mori), diapause generally occurs in the egg stage. Treatment with O2, HCl, or other compounds can prevent egg diapause. Here, we characterized the transcriptomic responses of newly laid eggs treated with O2 or HCl. Digital gene expression analysis showed that 610 genes in O2-treated eggs and 656 in HCl-treated eggs were differentially expressed. Of these, 343 genes were differentially expressed in both treatments. In addition to trehalases, sorbic acid dehydrogenases, and some enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, we also identified heat shock proteins, cytochrome P450, and GADD45, which are related to stress tolerance. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed differentially expressed genes in O2-treated eggs were involved in oxidoreductase activity as well as in binding, catalytic, and metabolic processes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the pathways for ribosome biogenesis, spliceosome, and circadian rhythm were significantly enriched in HCl-treated eggs. The reliability of the data was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis. Our results improved the understanding of the mechanism of diapause blocking in silkworm eggs treated with O2 or HCl and identified novel molecular targets for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Sha Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Huan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Characterization of irritans mariner-like elements in the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae): evolutionary implications. Naturwissenschaften 2016; 103:64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-016-1391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang J, Xiong KC, Liu YH. De novo Transcriptome Analysis of Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae), by High-Throughput Illumina Sequencing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157656. [PMID: 27331903 PMCID: PMC4917245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein), is one of the most devastating pests of citrus in the temperate areas of Asia. So far, studies involving molecular biology and physiology of B. minax are still scarce, partly because of the lack of genomic information and inability to rear this insect in laboratory. In this study, de novo assembly of a transcriptome was performed using Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 20,928,907 clean reads were obtained and assembled into 33,324 unigenes, with an average length of 908.44 bp. Unigenes were annotated by alignment against NCBI non-redundant protein (Nr), Swiss-Prot, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway (KEGG) database. Genes potentially involved in stress tolerance, including 20 heat shock protein (Hsps) genes, 26 glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) genes, and 2 ferritin subunit genes, were identified. These genes may play roles in stress tolerance in B. minax diapause stage. It has previously been found that 20E application on B. minax pupae could avert diapause, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Thus, genes encoding enzymes in 20E biosynthesis pathway, including Neverland, Spook, Phantom, Disembodied, Shadow, Shade, and Cyp18a1, and genes encoding 20E receptor proteins, ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP), were identified. The expression patterns of 20E-related genes among developmental stages and between 20E-treated and untreated pupae demonstrated their roles in diapause program. In addition, 1,909 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected, which will contribute to molecular marker development. The findings in this study greatly improve our genetic understanding of B. minax, and lay the foundation for future studies on this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ke-Cai Xiong
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Hong Liu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Pupal diapause termination in Bactrocera minax: an insight on 20-hydroxyecdysone induced phenotypic and genotypic expressions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27440. [PMID: 27273028 PMCID: PMC4897610 DOI: 10.1038/srep27440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese citrus fruit fly, Bactrocera minax, is an economically important pest of citrus. It exhibits pupal diapause from November to May to combat harsh environmental conditions. Such a long pupal diapause is a barrier for laboratory rearing and development of control strategies against this pest. In the present study, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) was used to break pupal diapause of B. minax by topical application. After diapause termination by 20E treated, the pupal ontogenetic processes were observed along the temporal trajectory. The pupal response time to 20E was estimated by detecting the relative expression of 20E responsive genes at different times after 20E-treatment. Results revealed that 20E could effectively terminate the pupal diapause in a dose-dependent manner and significantly shorten the time for 50% adult emergence (Et50). 20E response genes, including ecr, broad and foxo, were up-regulated within 72h, indicating these genes are involved in pupal metamorphosis and diapause termination processes. Morphological changes showed the pupal metamorphosis began ~7 days after 20E-treatment at 22 °C. This study does not only pave the way for artificial rearing in the laboratory through manipulating of pupal diapause termination, but also deepens our understanding of the underlying pupal diapause termination mechanism of B. minax.
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Hao YJ, Zhang YJ, Si FL, Fu DY, He ZB, Chen B. Insight into the possible mechanism of the summer diapause of Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) through digital gene expression analysis. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:438-51. [PMID: 26826557 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The onion fly, Delia antiqua, is a major underground agricultural pest that can enter pupal diapause in the summer and winter seasons. However, little is known about its molecular regulation due to the lack of genomic resources. To gain insight into the possible mechanism of summer diapause (SD), high-throughput RNA-Seq data were generated from non-diapause (ND) and SD (initial, maintenance and quiescence phase) pupae. Three pair-wise comparisons were performed and identified, 1380, 1471 and 435, and were significantly regulated transcripts. Further analysis revealed that the enrichment of several functional terms related to juvenile hormone regulation, cell cycle, carbon hydrate and lipid metabolism, innate immune and stress responses, various signalling transductions, ubiquitin-dependent proteosome, and variation in cuticular and cytoskeleton components were found between ND and SD and between different phases of SD. Global characterization of transcriptome profiling between SD and ND contributes to the in-depth elucidation of the molecular mechanism of SD. Our results also offer insights into the evolution of insect diapause and support the importance of using the onion fly as a model to compare the molecular regulation events of summer and winter diapauses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng-Ling Si
- Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan-Ying Fu
- Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Bo He
- Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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Qi X, Zhang L, Han Y, Ren X, Huang J, Chen H. De novo transcriptome sequencing and analysis of Coccinella septempunctata L. in non-diapause, diapause and diapause-terminated states to identify diapause-associated genes. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1086. [PMID: 26689283 PMCID: PMC4687109 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L., is an excellent predator of crop pests such as aphids and white flies, and it shows a wide range of adaptability, a large appetite and a high reproductive ability. Diapause research plays an important role in the artificial propagation and shelf-life extension of insect products. Although this lady beetle's regulatory, physiological and biochemical characteristics in the diapause period are well understood, the molecular mechanism of diapause remains unknown. Therefore, we collected female adults in three different states, i.e., non-diapause, diapause and diapause termination, for transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS After transcriptome sequencing using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform with pretreatment, a total of 417.6 million clean reads from nine samples were filtered using the program FASTX (version 0.0). Additionally, 106,262 contigs were assembled into 82,820 unigenes with an average length of 921 bp and an N50 of 1,241 bp. All of the unigenes were annotated through BLASTX alignment against the Nr or UniProt database, and 37,872 unigenes were matched. We performed further analysis of these unigenes using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG), Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. Through pairwise comparisons of the non-diapause (ND), diapause (D), and diapause-terminated (DT) groups, 3,501 and 1,427 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between D and ND and between DT and D, respectively. Moreover, 443 of the DEGs were specifically expressed during the diapause period (i.e., DEGs that were expressed at the highest or lowest levels during diapause compared with the other stages). GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment were performed on all DEGs and showed that RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity and fatty acid metabolism were significantly affected. Furthermore, eight specific expressed genes were selected for validation using qRT-PCR. Among these eight genes, seven genes were up-regulated, and one gene was down-regulated; the change trends of the eight genes were the same between the qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analysis results. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a new method for collecting and identifying diapause insects was described. We generated a vast quantity of transcriptome data from C. septempunctata L., providing a resource for gene function research. The diapause-associated genes that we identified establish a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of diapause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beijing, 100081, China. .,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yanhua Han
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Ren
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
| | - Hongyin Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Sino-American Biological Control Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Mesak F, Tatarenkov A, Avise JC. Transcriptomics of diapause in an isogenic self-fertilizing vertebrate. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:989. [PMID: 26597228 PMCID: PMC4657215 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many vertebrate species have the ability to undergo weeks or even months of diapause (a temporary arrest of development during early ontogeny). Identification of diapause genes has been challenging due in part to the genetic heterogeneity of most vertebrate animals. RESULTS Here we take the advantage of the mangrove rivulus fish (Kryptolebias marmoratus or Kmar)-the only vertebrate that is extremely inbred due to consistent self-fertilization-to generate isogenic lineages for transcriptomic dissection. Because the Kmar genome is not publicly available, we built de novo genomic (642 Mb) and transcriptomic assemblies to serve as references for global genetic profiling of diapause in Kmar, via RNA-Seq. Transcripts unique to diapause in Kmar proved to constitute only a miniscule fraction (0.1 %) of the total pool of transcribed products. Most genes displayed lower expression in diapause than in post-diapause. However, some genes (notably dusp27, klhl38 and sqstm1) were significantly up-regulated during diapause, whereas others (col9a1, dspp and fmnl1) were substantially down-regulated, compared to both pre-diapause and post-diapause. CONCLUSION Kmar offers a strong model for understanding patterns of gene expression during diapause. Our study highlights the importance of using a combination of genome and transcriptome assemblies as references for NGS-based RNA-Seq analyses. As for all identified diapause genes, in future studies it will be critical to link various levels of RNA expression with the functional roles of the coded products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mesak
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2525, USA. .,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ayala School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2525, USA.
| | - Andrey Tatarenkov
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2525, USA.
| | - John C Avise
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2525, USA.
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Characterization of Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae) Transcriptome from Different Developmental Stages. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11042. [PMID: 26047353 PMCID: PMC4457133 DOI: 10.1038/srep11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adelphocoris suturalis is one of the most serious pest insects of Bt cotton in China, however its molecular genetics, biochemistry and physiology are poorly understood. We used high throughput sequencing platform to perform de novo transcriptome assembly and gene expression analyses across different developmental stages (eggs, 2nd and 5th instar nymphs, female and male adults). We obtained 20 GB of clean data and revealed 88,614 unigenes, including 23,830 clusters and 64,784 singletons. These unigene sequences were annotated and classified by Gene Ontology, Clusters of Orthologous Groups, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. A large number of differentially expressed genes were discovered through pairwise comparisons between these developmental stages. Gene expression profiles were dramatically different between life stage transitions, with some of these most differentially expressed genes being associated with sex difference, metabolism and development. Quantitative real-time PCR results confirm deep-sequencing findings based on relative expression levels of nine randomly selected genes. Furthermore, over 791,390 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 2,682 potential simple sequence repeats were identified. Our study provided comprehensive transcriptional gene expression information for A. suturalis that will form the basis to better understanding of development pathways, hormone biosynthesis, sex differences and wing formation in mirid bugs.
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