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Nunki N, Hernaningsih Y, Wardhani P, Herawati A, Yusoff NM, Moses EJ, Semedi BP. Platelet and Monocyte Microvesicles as Potential Biomarkers of COVID-19 Severity: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Ann Lab Med 2024; 44:392-400. [PMID: 38469637 PMCID: PMC11169774 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2023.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) induces inflammation, coagulopathy following platelet and monocyte activation, and fibrinolysis, resulting in elevated D-dimer levels. Activated platelets and monocytes produce microvesicles (MVs). We analyzed the differences in platelet and monocyte MV counts in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, as well as their correlation with D-dimer levels. Methods In this cross-sectional study, blood specimens were collected from 90 COVID-19 patients and analyzed for D-dimers using SYSMEX CS-2500. Platelet MVs (PMVs; PMVCD42b+ and PMVCD41a+), monocyte MVs (MMVs; MMVCD14+), and phosphatidylserine-binding annexin V (PS, AnnV+) were analyzed using a BD FACSCalibur instrument. Results PMV and MMV counts were significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. AnnV+ PMVCD42b+ and AnnV+ PMVCD41a+ cell counts were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than in those with moderate clinical symptoms. The median (range) of AnnV+ PMVCD42b+ (MV/μL) in mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 was 1,118.3 (328.1-1,910.5), 937.4 (311.4-2,909.5), and 1,298.8 (458.2-9,703.5), respectively (P =0.009). The median (range) for AnnV+ PMVCD41a+ (MV/μL) in mild, moderate, and severe disease was 885.5 (346.3-1,682.7), 663.5 (233.8-2,081.5), and 1,146.3 (333.3-10,296.6), respectively (P =0.007). D-dimer levels (ng/mL) weak correlated with AnnV+ PMVCD41a+ (P =0.047, r=0.258). Conclusions PMV PMVCD42b+ and PMVCD41a+ counts were significantly increased in patients with severe clinical symptoms, and PMVCD41a+ counts correlated with D-dimer levels. Therefore, MV counts can be used as a potential biomarker of COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasya Nunki
- Laboratory Medicine Study Interest, Master Program of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Yetti Hernaningsih
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Puspa Wardhani
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Postgraduate School of Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Asih Herawati
- Clinical Pathology Specialist Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Narazah Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Genetics Unit, Clinical Diagnostics Lab, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Emmanuel Jairaj Moses
- Genetics Unit, Clinical Diagnostics Lab, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Bambang Pujo Semedi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
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Xi Y, Min Z, Liu M, Lin X, Yuan ZH. Role and recent progress of P2Y12 receptor in cancer development. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10027-w. [PMID: 38874752 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) is an adenosine-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that plays a central role in platelet function, hemostasis, and thrombosis. P2Y12R activation can promote platelet aggregation and adhesion to cancer cells, promote tumor angiogenesis, and affect the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and tumor drug resistance, which is conducive to the progression of cancers. Meanwhile, P2Y12R inhibitors can inhibit this effect, suggesting that P2Y12R may be a potential therapeutic target for cancer. P2Y12R is involved in cancer development and metastasis, while P2Y12R inhibitors are effective in inhibiting cancer. However, a new study suggests that long-term use of P2Y12R inhibitors may increase the risk of cancer and the mechanism remains to be explored. In this paper, we reviewed the structural and functional characteristics of P2Y12R and its role in cancer. We explored the role of P2Y12R inhibitors in different tumors and the latest advances by summarizing the basic and clinical studies on the effects of P2Y12R inhibitors on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332007, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
| | - Zhenya Min
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
| | - Mianxue Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Lin
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hua Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332007, People's Republic of China.
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Brambilla M, Becchetti A, Rovati GE, Cosentino N, Conti M, Canzano P, Giesen PL, Loffreda A, Bonomi A, Cattaneo M, De Candia E, Podda GM, Trabattoni D, Werba PJ, Campodonico J, Pinna C, Marenzi G, Tremoli E, Camera M. Cell Surface Platelet Tissue Factor Expression: Regulation by P2Y 12 and Link to Residual Platelet Reactivity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2042-2057. [PMID: 37589138 PMCID: PMC10521789 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADP-induced platelet activation leads to cell surface expression of several proteins, including TF (tissue factor). The role of ADP receptors in platelet TF modulation is still unknown. We aimed to assess the (1) involvement of P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors in ADP-induced TF exposure; (2) modulation of TFpos-platelets in anti-P2Y12-treated patients with coronary artery disease. Based on the obtained results, we revisited the intracellular localization of TF in platelets. METHODS The effects of P2Y1 or P2Y12 antagonists on ADP-induced TF expression and activity were analyzed in vitro by flow cytometry and thrombin generation assay in blood from healthy subjects, P2Y12-/-, and patients with gray platelet syndrome. Ex vivo, P2Y12 inhibition of TF expression by clopidogrel/prasugrel/ticagrelor, assessed by VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein) platelet reactivity index, was investigated in coronary artery disease (n=238). Inhibition of open canalicular system externalization and electron microscopy (TEM) were used for TF localization. RESULTS In blood from healthy subjects, stimulated in vitro by ADP, the percentage of TFpos-platelets (17.3±5.5%) was significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by P2Y12 inhibition only (-81.7±9.5% with 100 nM AR-C69931MX). In coronary artery disease, inhibition of P2Y12 is paralleled by reduction of ADP-induced platelet TF expression (VASP platelet reactivity index: 17.9±11%, 20.9±11.3%, 40.3±13%; TFpos-platelets: 10.5±4.8%, 9.8±5.9%, 13.6±6.3%, in prasugrel/ticagrelor/clopidogrel-treated patients, respectively). Despite this, 15% of clopidogrel good responders had a level of TFpos-platelets similar to the poor-responder group. Indeed, a stronger P2Y12 inhibition (130-fold) is required to inhibit TF than VASP. Thus, a VASP platelet reactivity index <20% (as in prasugrel/ticagrelor-treated patients) identifies patients with TFpos-platelets <20% (92% sensitivity). Finally, colchicine impaired in vitro ADP-induced TF expression but not α-granule release, suggesting that TF is open canalicular system stored as confirmed by TEM and platelet analysis of patients with gray platelet syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Data show that TF expression is regulated by P2Y12 and not P2Y1; P2Y12 antagonists downregulate the percentage of TFpos-platelets. In clopidogrel good-responder patients, assessment of TFpos-platelets highlights those with residual platelet reactivity. TF is stored in open canalicular system, and its membrane exposure upon activation is prevented by colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Brambilla
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | - Alessia Becchetti
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | - Gian Enrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.E.R., C.P., M. Camera), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Cosentino
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | - Maria Conti
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | - Paola Canzano
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | | | - Alessia Loffreda
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy (A.L.)
| | - Alice Bonomi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | - Marco Cattaneo
- Unità di Medicina II, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Scienze della Salute (M. Cattaneo, G.M.P.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Erica De Candia
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy (E.D.C.)
| | - Gian Marco Podda
- Unità di Medicina II, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Scienze della Salute (M. Cattaneo, G.M.P.), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Trabattoni
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | - Pablo Josè Werba
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | - Jeness Campodonico
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | - Christian Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.E.R., C.P., M. Camera), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
| | | | - Marina Camera
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy (M.B., A. Becchetti, N.C., M. Conti, P.C., A. Bonomi, D.T., P.J.W., J.C., G.M., M. Camera)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (G.E.R., C.P., M. Camera), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Indana HA, Puspitawati I, Mayasari DS, Hartopo AB. Association of Acute Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus with Platelet-derived Microparticle (PDMP) Levels During Acute Myocardial Infarction. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc 2023; 38:35-40. [PMID: 38045660 PMCID: PMC10692412 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.038.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This research investigates whether there is an association between acute hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus and the level of circulating platelet-derived microparticles (PDMPs) during an initial episode of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methodology This was a cross-sectional study involving hospitalized AMI patients. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from hospital records. Diabetes mellitus was defined by the history of the disease, anti-diabetes medication use and/ or level of HbA1C ≥6.5%. Levels of HbA1c, admission random and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. Flow-cytometry method was used to determine the levels of PDMPs from collected venous blood through tagging with CD-41 FITC and CD-62 PE markers and a threshold size of <1 μm. The number of circulating PDMPs was compared according to glucometabolic state, namely acute hyperglycemia (admission random glucose ≥200 mg/dL and fasting glucose ≥140 mg/dL) and diabetes mellitus. The comparative analysis between groups was conducted with Student T-test or Mann-Whitney test, where applicable. Results A total of 108 subjects were included and their data analyzed. The level of circulating PDMPs was significantly lower in subjects with admission random glucose ≥200 mg/dL as compared to those with below level [median (interquartile range (IQR)]: 2,710.0 (718.0-8,167.0) count/mL vs. 4,452.0 (2,128.5-14,499.8) count/mL, p = 0.05) and in subjects with fasting glucose ≥140 mg/dL as compared to those with below level (median (IQR): 2,382.0 (779.0-6,619.0) count/mL vs. 5,972.0 (2,345.7-14,781.3) count/mL, p = 0.006). The level of circulating PDMPs was also significantly lower in patients with diabetes mellitus as compared to those without (median (IQR): 2,655.0 (840.0-5,821.0) count/mL vs. 4,562.0 (2,128.5-15,055.8) count/mL; p = 0.007). Conclusion Acute hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus are significantly associated with a lower circulating PDMP level during an initial AMI episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Anindya Indana
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada – Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ira Puspitawati
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada – Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Samti Mayasari
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada – Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Academic Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anggoro Budi Hartopo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada – Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Abstract
In addition to the key role in hemostasis and thrombosis, platelets have also been wildly acknowledged as immune regulatory cells and involving in the pathogenesis of inflammation-related diseases. Since purine receptor P2Y12 plays a crucial role in platelet activation, P2Y12 antagonists such as clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor have been widely used in cardiovascular diseases worldwide in recent decades due to their potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. Meanwhile, the role of P2Y12 in inflammatory diseases has also been extensively studied. Relatively, there are few studies on the regulation of P2Y12. This review first summarizes the various roles of P2Y12 in the process of platelet activation, as well as downstream effects and signaling pathways; then introduces the effects of P2Y12 in inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, atherosclerosis, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and asthma; and finally reviews the current researches on P2Y12 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | | | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Fujin Road, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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Buntsma N, van der Pol E, Nieuwland R, Gąsecka A. Extracellular Vesicles in Coronary Artery Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:81-103. [PMID: 37603274 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of CAD, evidence gaps remain, including pathogenesis, the most efficient diagnostic strategy, prognosis of individual patients, monitoring of therapy, and novel therapeutic strategies. These gaps could all be filled by developing novel, minimally invasive, blood-based biomarkers. Potentially, extracellular vesicles (EVs) could fill such gaps. EVs are lipid membrane particles released from cells into blood and other body fluids. Because the concentration, composition, and functions of EVs change during disease, and because all cell types involved in the development and progression of CAD release EVs, currently available guidelines potentially enable reliable and reproducible measurements of EVs in clinical trials, offering a wide range of opportunities. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the associations reported between EVs and CAD, including (1) the role of EVs in CAD pathogenesis, (2) EVs as biomarkers to diagnose CAD, predict prognosis, and monitor therapy in individual patients, and (3) EVs as new therapeutic targets and/or drug delivery vehicles. In addition, we summarize the challenges encountered in EV isolation and detection, and the lack of standardization, which has hampered real clinical applications of EVs. Since most conclusions are based on animal models and single-center studies, the knowledge and insights into the roles and opportunities of EVs as biomarkers in CAD are still changing, and therefore, the content of this chapter should be seen as a snapshot in time rather than a final and complete compendium of knowledge on EVs in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Buntsma
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Harper MT. Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Arterial Thrombosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:259-275. [PMID: 37603285 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Blood platelets are necessary for normal haemostasis but also form life-threatening arterial thrombi when atherosclerotic plaques rupture. Activated platelets release many extracellular vesicles during thrombosis. Phosphatidylserine-exposing microparticles promote coagulation. Small exosomes released during granule secretion deliver cargoes including microRNAs to cells throughout the cardiovascular system. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which platelets release these extracellular vesicles, together with the possibility of inhibiting this release as an antithrombotic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Chyrchel B, Kruszelnicka O, Surdacki A. Endothelial biomarkers and platelet reactivity on ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients after acute coronary syndrome with and without concomitant type 2 diabetes: a preliminary observational study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:249. [PMID: 36397167 PMCID: PMC9670560 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleiotropic effects have been implicated in clinical benefits of ticagrelor compared to thienopyridine P2Y12 antagonists. There are conflicting data regarding effects of ticagrelor vs. thienopyridine P2Y12 blockers on endothelial function. Our aim was to compare endothelial biomarkers and their relations with platelet reactivity in real-world patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on maintenance dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with ticagrelor or clopidogrel stratified by diabetes status. METHODS Biochemical indices of endothelial dysfunction/activation and platelet reactivity by multiple electrode aggregometry were compared in 126 stable post-ACS subjects (mean age: 65 ± 10 years, 92 men and 34 women), including patients with (n = 61) or without (n = 65) coexistent type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on uneventful maintenance DAPT with either ticagrelor (90 mg b.d.) or clopidogrel (75 mg o.d.) in addition to low-dose aspirin. Exclusion criteria included a complicated in-hospital course, symptomatic heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% and relevant coexistent diseases except for well-controlled diabetes, mild renal insufficiency or hypertension. RESULTS Clinical characteristics were similar in patients on ticagrelor (n = 62) and clopidogrel (n = 64). The adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation and circulating soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) were decreased in ticagrelor users irrespective of T2DM status (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 for platelet reactivity and sP-selectin, respectively). Plasma levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were lower in T2DM subjects on ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel (758 ± 162 vs. 913 ± 217 µg/L, p < 0.01). In contrast, plasma sVCAM-1 was similar in non-diabetic patients on ticagrelor and clopidogrel (872 ± 203 vs. 821 ± 210 µg/L, p > 0.7). The concentrations of sE-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine did not differ according to the type of P2Y12 antagonist regardless of T2DM status. Platelet reactivity was unrelated to any endothelial biomarker in subjects with or without T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings may suggest an association of ticagrelor-based maintenance DAPT with favorable endothelial effects compared to clopidogrel users in stable post-ACS patients with T2DM. If proven, this could contribute to more pronounced clinical benefits of ticagrelor in diabetic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Chyrchel
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 2 Jakubowskiego Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland ,grid.412700.00000 0001 1216 0093Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital, 2 Jakubowskiego Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
| | - Olga Kruszelnicka
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Prądnicka Street, 31-202 Cracow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Surdacki
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 2 Jakubowskiego Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland ,grid.412700.00000 0001 1216 0093Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital, 2 Jakubowskiego Street, 30-688 Cracow, Poland
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Lugo-Gavidia LM, Burger D, Nolde JM, Carnagarin R, Chan J, Bosio E, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP. Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles correlate with therapy-induced nocturnal blood pressure changes. J Hypertens 2022; 40:2210-2218. [PMID: 35950995 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated nocturnal blood pressure (BP) is closely associated with increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) events. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as a potential CV risk biomarker and shown to correlate with BP. The present study aimed to assess whether a reduction in BP is paralleled by respective changes in EVs. METHODS Fifty-five hypertensive patients (age: 57.7 ± 14.1 years) were included in the study. EVs and BP were assessed at baseline and at 12 weeks follow-up. Interventions to lower BP included advice on life-style modification only or life-style advice combined with additional pharmacotherapy. EVs were evaluated by flow cytometry (CD41+/Annexin V+) and BP by unobserved automated office BP and ambulatory BP monitoring. RESULTS Nocturnal systolic BP correlated with EV levels at baseline ( P = 0.01). Multivariable regression models showed that changes in nocturnal systolic BP (adjusted R2 = 0.23; P = 0.01) and diastolic BP (adjusted R2 = 0.18; P = 0.02) were associated with respective changes in EV levels. Furthermore, intervention-induced improvement of systolic dipping was associated with a reduction in EVs in the univariate analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.06; P = 0.03). In contrast, systolic office, 24 h- and daytime-BP did not show significant associations with EVs. Patients whose medication was up-titrated at baseline showed a trend towards lower EV levels at follow-up (absolute change of -1.7 ± 1.3 EV/μl; P = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS Circulating platelet-derived EVs were positively associated with nocturnal BP and therapy-induced changes over a 12-week treatment period. EVs may provide an integrated measure of BP changes achieved with pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Justine Chan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Erika Bosio
- Centre for Clinical Research in Emergency Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, Medical School - Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Royal Perth Hospital Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
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10
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Stępień EŁ, Rząca C, Moskal P. Radiovesicolomics-new approach in medical imaging. Front Physiol 2022; 13:996985. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.996985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review introduce extracellular vesicles (EVs) to a molecular imaging field. The idea of modern analyses based on the use of omics studies, using high-throughput methods to characterize the molecular content of a single biological system, vesicolomics seems to be the new approach to collect molecular data about EV content, to find novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The use of various imaging techniques, including those based on radionuclides as positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), combining molecular data on EVs, opens up the new space for radiovesicolomics—a new approach to be used in theranostics.
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11
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Carotti V, Rigalli JP, van Asbeck-van der Wijst J, G J Hoenderop J. Interplay between purinergic signalling and extracellular vesicles in health and disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115192. [PMID: 35905971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signalling is a receptor-mediated process characterized by the binding of extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides to purinergic receptors, which results in the activation intracellular signalling pathways, and, ultimately, leads to changes in cell physiology. Purinergic signalling has been related to the regulation of important physiological processes (e.g., renal electrolyte reabsorption; platelet aggregation; immune response). In addition, it has been associated with pathophysiological situations such as cancer and inflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by all cells of the organism, which play a key role in cell-cell communication. In this regard, EVs can mediate effects on target cells located at distant locations. Within their cargo, EVs contain molecules with the potential to affect purinergic signalling at the target cells and tissues. Here, we review the studies addressing the regulation of purinergic signalling by EVs based on the cell type or tissue where the regulation takes place. In this regard, EVs are found to play a major role in modulating the extracellular ATP levels and, specially, adenosine. This has a clear impact on, for instance, the inflammatory and immune response against cancer cells. Furthermore, we discuss the data available on the regulation of EV secretion and its cargo by purinergic signalling. Here, a major role of the purinergic receptor P2X7 and again, an impact on processes such as inflammation, immune response and cancer pathogenesis has been established. Finally, we highlight uninvestigated aspects of these two regulatory networks and address their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carotti
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Juan P Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny van Asbeck-van der Wijst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Eustes AS, Dayal S. The Role of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Immune-Mediated Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7837. [PMID: 35887184 PMCID: PMC9320310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) play important roles in hemostasis and thrombosis. There are three major types of PEVs described based on their size and characteristics, but newer types may continue to emerge owing to the ongoing improvement in the methodologies and terms used to define various types of EVs. As the literature on EVs is growing, there are continuing attempts to standardize protocols for EV isolation and reach consensus in the field. This review provides information on mechanisms of PEV production, characteristics, cellular interaction, and their pathological role, especially in autoimmune and infectious diseases. We also highlight the mechanisms through which PEVs can activate parent cells in a feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia S. Eustes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Sanjana Dayal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Iowa City VA Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
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13
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Fernando H, McFadyen JD, Wang X, Shaw J, Stub D, Peter K. P2Y12 Antagonists in Cardiovascular Disease—Finding the Best Balance Between Preventing Ischemic Events and Causing Bleeding. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:854813. [PMID: 35647068 PMCID: PMC9133423 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.854813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual antiplatelet therapy comprising of aspirin and oral P2Y12 receptor antagonists are an established cornerstone of therapy in acute coronary syndromes and percutaneous coronary intervention. As a result, the platelet P2Y12 receptor remains a key therapeutic target in cardiovascular medicine since pharmacological antagonists were first developed in the 1990’s. With a greater understanding of platelet biology and the role played by the P2Y12 receptor in the amplification of platelet activation and thrombus formation, there has been progressive refinement in the development of P2Y12 receptor antagonists with greater potency and consistency of antiplatelet effect. However, challenges remain in the utilization of these agents particularly in balancing the need for greater protection from ischemic events whilst minimizing the bleeding risk and present a real opportunity for the institution of individualized medicine. Future drug developments will provide clinicians with greater avenues to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himawan Fernando
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James D. McFadyen
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Department of Clinical Hematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dion Stub
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Karlheinz Peter,
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14
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Stępień EŁ, Rząca C, Moskal P. Novel biomarker and drug delivery systems for theranostics – extracellular vesicles. BIO-ALGORITHMS AND MED-SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/bams-2021-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano- and micro-sized double-layered membrane entities derived from most cell types and released into biological fluids. Biological properties (cell-uptake, biocompatibility), and chemical (composition, structure) or physical (size, density) characteristics make EVs a good candidate for drug delivery systems (DDS). Recent advances in the field of EVs (e.g., scaling-up production, purification) and developments of new imaging methods (total-body positron emission tomography [PET]) revealed benefits of radiolabeled EVs in diagnostic and interventional medicine as a potential DDs in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Ł. Stępień
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Carina Rząca
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
| | - Paweł Moskal
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Krakow , Poland
- Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET Laboratory, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
- Theranostics Center, Jagiellonian University , Kraków , Poland
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15
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Tomala MT, Trąbka-Zawicki A, Machnik A, Nawrotek BA, Zajdel W, Stępień EŁ, Legutko J, Żmudka K. Ticagrelor effectively inhibits platelet aggregation in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention treated with mild therapeutic hypothermia. Cardiol J 2021; 30:636-645. [PMID: 34165181 PMCID: PMC10508063 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2021.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) is believed to reduce the effectiveness of antiplatelet drugs. Effective dual-antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is mandatory to avoid acute stent thrombosis. The effectiveness of ticagrelor in MTH-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors is still a matter of debate. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of MTH on the platelet-inhibitory effect of ticagrelor in comatose survivors of OHCA treated with primary PCI. METHODS Eighteen comatose survivors of OHCA with acute coronary syndrome undergoing immediate PCI treated with MTH were compared with 14 patients with uncomplicated primary myocardial infarction after PCI, matched for gender and age, in a prospective, single-center, observational study. Platelet aggregation was evaluated using VerifyNow P₂Y₁₂ point-of-care testing at 3 time points: admission (T₀), during MTH (T₁), and 48-72 h after rewarming (T₂). RESULTS Ticagrelor effectively inhibits platelet aggregation in OHCA patients subjected to MTH and in all patients in the control group. The effectiveness of ticagrelor did not differ between the MTH group and the control group (p = 0.581). In 2 cases in the MTH population, the platelet response to ticagrelor was inadequate, and in one of them it remained insufficient during the re-warming phase. There was no stent thrombosis in these patients. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirmed the effectiveness of ticagrelor to inhibit platelets in myocardial infarction patients after OHCA treated with primary PCI undergoing hypothermia. The use of cooling was not associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek T Tomala
- Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland.
- Krakow Specialist Hospital named after John Paul II, Clinical Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Trąbka-Zawicki
- Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
- Krakow Specialist Hospital named after John Paul II, Clinical Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Machnik
- Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
- Krakow Specialist Hospital named after John Paul II, Clinical Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej A Nawrotek
- Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
- Krakow Specialist Hospital named after John Paul II, Clinical Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Zajdel
- Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
- Krakow Specialist Hospital named after John Paul II, Clinical Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Legutko
- Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
- Krakow Specialist Hospital named after John Paul II, Clinical Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Żmudka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College Institute of Cardiology, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
- Krakow Specialist Hospital named after John Paul II, Clinical Department of Interventional Cardiology, Krakow, Poland
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16
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Prevention of Non-Cardiogenic Ischemic Stroke: Towards Personalized Stroke Care. Stroke 2021. [DOI: 10.36255/exonpublications.stroke.personalizedcare.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Lugo-Gavidia LM, Burger D, Matthews VB, Nolde JM, Galindo Kiuchi M, Carnagarin R, Kannenkeril D, Chan J, Joyson A, Herat LY, Azzam O, Schlaich MP. Role of Microparticles in Cardiovascular Disease: Implications for Endothelial Dysfunction, Thrombosis, and Inflammation. HYPERTENSION (DALLAS, TEX. : 1979) 2021; 77:1825-1844. [PMID: 33979187 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Marisol Lugo-Gavidia
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Centre, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa (D.B.)
| | - Vance B Matthews
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Janis M Nolde
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Márcio Galindo Kiuchi
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Revathy Carnagarin
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Dennis Kannenkeril
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany (D.K.)
| | - Justine Chan
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Anu Joyson
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Lakshini Y Herat
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.)
| | - Omar Azzam
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Department of Internal Medicine (O.A.), Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, Medical Research Foundation, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia (L.M.L.-G., V.B.M., J.M.N., M.G.K., R.C., D.K., J.C., A.J., L.Y.H., O.A., M.P.S.).,Departments of Cardiology and Nephrology (M.P.S.), Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia.,Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (M.P.S.)
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18
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicles As Biomarkers and Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030388. [PMID: 33808038 PMCID: PMC8001426 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are composed of a lipid bilayer containing transmembrane and soluble proteins. Subtypes of EVs include ectosomes (microparticles/microvesicles), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies that can be released by various tissues into biological fluids. EV cargo can modulate physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells through near- and long-distance intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that origin, amount, and internal cargos (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) of EVs are variable under different pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The early detection and management of CVD reduce premature morbidity and mortality. Circulating EVs have attracted great interest as a potential biomarker for diagnostics and follow-up of CVD. This review highlights the role of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic follow-up of CVD, and also for drug delivery. Despite the great potential of EVs as a tool to study the pathophysiology of CVD, further studies are needed to increase the spectrum of EV-associated applications.
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19
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Kamińska A, Gajos K, Woźnicka O, Dłubacz A, Marzec ME, Budkowski A, Stępień EŁ. Using a lactadherin-immobilized silicon surface for capturing and monitoring plasma microvesicles as a foundation for diagnostic device development. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:8093-8106. [PMID: 32959112 PMCID: PMC7584542 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are found in several types of body fluids and are promising disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study aimed to develop a novel biofunctionalized surface for binding plasma microvesicles (PMVs) based on a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) approach. A new lactadherin (LACT)-functionalized surface was prepared and examined for monitoring PMVs. Moreover, two different strategies of LACT immobilization on a silicon surface were applied to compare different LACT orientations. A higher PMV to LACT binding efficiency was observed for LACT bonded to an αvβ3 integrin-functionalized surface compared with that for LACT directly bonded to a glutaraldehyde-modified surface. Effective binding of PMVs and its components for both LACT immobilization strategies was confirmed using spectral ellipsometry and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry methods. The proposed PMV capturing system can be used as a foundation to design novel point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices to detect and characterize PMVs in clinical samples. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kamińska
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gajos
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Olga Woźnicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Dłubacz
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian Univeristy, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena E Marzec
- Institute of Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 30-084, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Budkowski
- Department of Molecular and Interfacial Biophysics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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20
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Gkaliagkousi E, Gavriilaki E, Yiannaki E, Vasileiadis I, Nikolaidou B, Lazaridis A, Dolgyras P, Grigoriadis S, Triantafyllou A, Anyfanti P, Markala D, Zarifis I, Douma S. Platelet microvesicles are associated with the severity of coronary artery disease: comparison between peripheral and coronary circulation. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2020; 51:1138-1143. [PMID: 33043416 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) have recently emerged as markers of thrombosis. Furthermore, there is an unexplained residual thrombotic risk is observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and/or stable coronary artery disease (CAD), despite treatment. We measured platelet (PMVs) and erythrocyte (ErMVs) in patients with ACS and stable CAD, both in the peripheral and coronary circulation. We studied consecutive eligible patients during a coronary angiography. Blood samples were collected from the stem of the left coronary artery and femoral artery. PMVs were significantly increased in CAD patients compared to controls. ACS patients had also increased PMVs in coronary and peripheral circulation, compared to controls. Furthermore, ACS patients exhibited increased PMVs in coronary compared to peripheral circulation. Lastly, coronary PMVs were associated with the severity of CAD based on the SYNTAX score. No significant differences were observed in the levels of ErMVs among groups. Therefore, PMVs emerge as novel markers of thrombosis in CAD, further augmenting the vicious cycle of inflammation and thrombosis during ACS. Importantly, coronary PMVs may reflect the severity of CAD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - E Gavriilaki
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Yiannaki
- Hematology Laboratory, Theagenion Cancer Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Vasileiadis
- Cardiology Department, G Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - B Nikolaidou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Dolgyras
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Grigoriadis
- Cardiology Department, General Hospital of Veria, Veria, Greece
| | - A Triantafyllou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P Anyfanti
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Markala
- Hematology Laboratory, Theagenion Cancer Center, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I Zarifis
- Cardiology Department, G Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Douma
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Bryl‐Górecka P, Sathanoori R, Arevström L, Landberg R, Bergh C, Evander M, Olde B, Laurell T, Fröbert O, Erlinge D. Bilberry Supplementation after Myocardial Infarction Decreases Microvesicles in Blood and Affects Endothelial Vesiculation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000108. [PMID: 32846041 PMCID: PMC7685140 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Diet rich in bilberries is considered cardioprotective, but the mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Cardiovascular disease is characterized by increased proatherogenic status and high levels of circulating microvesicles (MVs). In an open-label study patients with myocardial infarction receive an 8 week dietary supplementation with bilberry extract (BE). The effect of BE on patient MV levels and its influence on endothelial vesiculation in vitro is investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS MVs are captured with acoustic trapping and platelet-derived MVs (PMVs), as well as endothelial-derived MVs (EMVs) are quantified with flow cytometry. The in vitro effect of BE on endothelial extracellular vesicle (EV) release is examined using endothelial cells and calcein staining. The mechanisms of BE influence on vesiculation pathways are studied by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Supplementation with BE decreased both PMVs and EMVs. Furthermore, BE reduced endothelial EV release, Akt phosphorylation, and vesiculation-related gene transcription. It also protects the cells from P2X7 -induced EV release and increase in vesiculation-related gene expression. CONCLUSION BE supplementation improves the MV profile in patient blood and reduces endothelial vesiculation through several molecular mechanisms related to the P2X7 receptor. The findings provide new insight into the cardioprotective effects of bilberries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasri Sathanoori
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Lilith Arevström
- Faculty of Health, Department of CardiologyÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | | | - Cecilia Bergh
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical SciencesÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | - Mikael Evander
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Björn Olde
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Thomas Laurell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringLund University221 00LundSweden
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Faculty of Health, Department of CardiologyÖrebro University702 81ÖrebroSweden
| | - David Erlinge
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical SciencesLund University221 00LundSweden
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22
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Gąsecka A, Rogula S, Eyileten C, Postuła M, Jaguszewski MJ, Kochman J, Mazurek T, Nieuwland R, Filipiak KJ. Role of P2Y Receptors in Platelet Extracellular Vesicle Release. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176065. [PMID: 32842470 PMCID: PMC7504123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are potential new biomarkers of platelet activation which may allow us to predict and/or diagnose developing coronary thrombosis before myocardial necrosis occurs. The P2Y1 and P2Y12 receptors play a key role in platelet activation and aggregation. Whereas the P2Y1 antagonists are at the preclinical stage, at present, the P2Y12 antagonists are the most effective treatment strategy to prevent stent thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Despite an increasing number of publications on PEVs, the mechanisms underlying their formation, including the role of purinergic receptors in this process, remain an active research field. Here, we outline the clinical relevance of PEVs in cardiovascular disease, summarize the role and downstream signalling of P2Y receptors in platelet activation, and discuss the available evidence regarding their role in PEV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (J.K.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, and Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+48-22-599-19-51
| | - Sylwester Rogula
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (J.K.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (C.E.); (M.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Marek Postuła
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (C.E.); (M.P.); (R.N.)
| | | | - Janusz Kochman
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (J.K.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Tomasz Mazurek
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (J.K.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (C.E.); (M.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (S.R.); (J.K.); (T.M.); (K.J.F.)
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23
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Fender AC, Dobrev D. Pleiotropic actions of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel - Do molecular differences translate into superior clinical efficacy after myocardial infarction? IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2020; 27:100508. [PMID: 32310244 PMCID: PMC7154292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anke C. Fender
- Corresponding author at: Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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24
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Gasecka A, Nieuwland R, Budnik M, Dignat‐George F, Eyileten C, Harrison P, Lacroix R, Leroyer A, Opolski G, Pluta K, van der Pol E, Postuła M, Siljander P, Siller‐Matula JM, Filipiak KJ. Ticagrelor attenuates the increase of extracellular vesicle concentrations in plasma after acute myocardial infarction compared to clopidogrel. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:609-623. [PMID: 31833175 PMCID: PMC7065161 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor reduces mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to clopidogrel, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Because activated platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells release proinflammatory and prothrombotic extracellular vesicles (EVs), we hypothesized that the release of EVs is more efficiently inhibited by ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel. OBJECTIVES We compared EV concentrations and EV procoagulant activity in plasma of patients after AMI treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel. METHODS After percutaneous coronary intervention, 60 patients with first AMI were randomized to ticagrelor or clopidogrel. Flow cytometry was used to determine concentrations of EVs from activated platelets (CD61+ , CD62p+ ), fibrinogen+ , phosphatidylserine (PS+ ), leukocytes (CD45+ ), endothelial cells (CD31+ , 146+ ), and erythrocytes (CD235a+ ) in plasma at randomization, after 72 hours and 6 months of treatment. A fibrin generation test was used to determine EV procoagulant activity. RESULTS Concentrations of platelet, fibrinogen+ , PS+ , leukocyte, and erythrocyte EVs increased 6 months after AMI compared to the acute phase of AMI (P ≤ .03). Concentrations of platelet EVs were lower on ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel after 6 months (P = .03). Concentrations of fibrinogen+ , PS+ , and leukocyte EVs were lower on ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel both after 72 hours and 6 months (P ≤ .03). Concentrations of endothelial EVs and EV procoagulant activity did not differ between patient groups and over time (P ≥ .17). CONCLUSIONS Ticagrelor attenuates the increase of EV concentrations in plasma after acute myocardial infarction compared to clopidogrel. The ongoing release of EVs despite antiplatelet therapy might explain recurrent thrombotic events after AMI and worse clinical outcomes on clopidogrel compared to ticagrelor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Gasecka
- First Chair and Department of CardiologyMedical University of WarsawPoland
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Monika Budnik
- First Chair and Department of CardiologyMedical University of WarsawPoland
| | - Françoise Dignat‐George
- INSERMFaculty of PharmacyAix‐Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
- Hematology and Vascular Biology DepartmentCHU La ConceptionAP‐HMMarseilleFrance
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCentre for Preclinical Research and TechnologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Paul Harrison
- Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- INSERMFaculty of PharmacyAix‐Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
- Hematology and Vascular Biology DepartmentCHU La ConceptionAP‐HMMarseilleFrance
| | - Aurélie Leroyer
- INSERMFaculty of PharmacyAix‐Marseille UniversityMarseilleFrance
| | - Grzegorz Opolski
- First Chair and Department of CardiologyMedical University of WarsawPoland
| | - Kinga Pluta
- First Chair and Department of CardiologyMedical University of WarsawPoland
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Vesicle Observation Centre, and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical ChemistryAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdamthe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering & PhysicsAmsterdam UMCUniversity of Amsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Marek Postuła
- Department of Experimental and Clinical PharmacologyCentre for Preclinical Research and TechnologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Pia Siljander
- EV‐group, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research ProgrammeFaculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiFinland
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Wang Q, Wei J, Shi Y. Platelet microvesicles promote the recovery of neurological function in mouse model of cerebral infarction by inducing angiogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:997-1004. [PMID: 31005253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of PMVs on mice with ischemic cerebral infarction and its mechanism. Male C57BL/6 mice were selected, and the right focal cortical infarction model was established via cauterization under a microscope and randomly divided into sham operation (Sham) group, normal saline control (Saline) group and platelet microvesicles intervention (PMVs) group. At 1 h after modeling, 5 μL of PMVs (50 μg/mL) or normal saline was injected into the lateral ventricle. The neurological function of mice in each group was evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 d after modeling. After 28 d, the cerebral infarction area was detected via 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. At 7 and 28 d after modeling, the blood vessel density, proliferation rate of new vessels and encapsulation rate of pericytes were detected via immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, the changes in cerebral cortical blood flow at the infarction side were detected before modeling and at 7 and 28 d after modeling, respectively. Finally, the expressions of proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and N-Cadherin were detected via Western blotting at 3, 7 and 28 d after modeling. PMVs could promote the improvement of neurological function and significantly reduce the cerebral infarction volume in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs promoted proliferation of new vessels and increased blood vessel density at the infarction edge in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase the encapsulation rate of pericytes at the infarction edge and improve the permeability of blood-brain barrier in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase the cerebral cortical blood flow perfusion in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could increase proangiogenic factors in brain tissues in mice with cerebral infarction. PMVs could significantly improve the recovery of neurological function in mice with cerebral infarction, which is closely related to the ability of PMVs to promote angiogenesis at the infarction edge. The possible mechanism is that PMVs facilitate angiogenesis after cerebral infarction through promoting the expressions of VEGF, Ang-1 and N-Cadherin. More importantly, the new vessels promoted by PMVs have complete structure and perfect function, and can improve the cerebral blood flow perfusion at the infarction side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiachen Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China
| | - Yaling Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, China.
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