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Chen M, Wang H, Cui Q, Shi J, Hou Y. Dual function of activated PPARγ by ligands on tumor growth and immunotherapy. Med Oncol 2024; 41:114. [PMID: 38619661 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
As one of the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) members, PPARγ is a ligand binding and activated nuclear hormone receptor, which is an important regulator in metabolism, proliferation, tumor progression, and immune response. Increased evidence suggests that activation of PPARγ in response to ligands inhibits multiple types of cancer proliferation, metastasis, and tumor growth and induces cell apoptosis including breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and bladder cancer. Conversely, some reports suggest that activation of PPARγ is associated with tumor growth. In addition to regulating tumor progression, PPARγ could promote or inhibit tumor immunotherapy by affecting macrophage differentiation or T cell activity. These controversial findings may be derived from cancer cell types, conditions, and ligands, since some ligands are independent of PPARγ activity. Therefore, this review discussed the dual role of PPARγ on tumor progression and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Jia X, Qian J, Chen H, Liu Q, Hussain S, Jin J, Shi J, Hou Y. PPARγ agonist pioglitazone enhances colorectal cancer immunotherapy by inducing PD-L1 autophagic degradation. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 950:175749. [PMID: 37105516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint could be an effective antitumor strategy for multiple types of cancer, but it is low response rate for colorectal cancer patients with unclear mechanism. Here we found that PPARγ agonist pioglitazone could reduce PD-L1 protein levels without effect on its gene expression. Further analysis showed that pioglitazone induced PD-L1 autophagic degradation in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Pioglitazone promoted PD-L1 translocation to lysosome by immunofluorescence analysis, which was associated with the increased binding of PPARγ to PD-L1. Moreover the combined pioglitazone with PD-1 antibody enhanced colorectal tumor immunotherapy, which was involved in reduced PD-L1 levels and increased CD8+ T cells. These findings suggest that PPARγ agonist could induce PD-L1 autophagic degradation resulting in increased colorectal tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Jin Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Huiqing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, PR China; Department of Oncology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shakeel Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, PR China; Department of Oncology, Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wujin Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213017, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China.
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3
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Renal Cell Cancer and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063404. [PMID: 35328822 PMCID: PMC8951303 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. There are many risk factors for tumours, including advanced age, personal or family history of cancer, some types of viral infections, exposure to radiation and some chemicals, smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as obesity. Increasing evidence suggest the role of obesity in the initiation and progression of various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. Since tumours require energy for their uncontrollable growth, it appears plausible that their initiation and development is associated with the dysregulation of cells metabolism. Thus, any state characterised by an intake of excessive energy and nutrients may favour the development of various cancers. There are many factors that promote the development of renal cell carcinoma, including hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance, excessive adipose tissue and adipokines and others. There are also many obesity-related alterations in genes expression, including DNA methylation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, histone modification and miRNAs that can promote renal carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the impact of obesity on the risk of renal cancers development, their aggressiveness and patients’ survival.
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Tsujiya Y, Hasegawa A, Yamamori M, Okamura N. Telmisartan-Induced Cytotoxicity via G 2/M Phase Arrest in Renal Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1878-1885. [PMID: 34853271 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer. Given that stage IV RCC is intractable, there is a need for a novel treatment strategy. We investigated the antitumor effects of telmisartan (TEL) and their underlying mechanisms in RCC, including their impact on apoptosis, Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, and the cell cycle using two human RCC cell lines: 786-O and Caki-2. Cell viability was detected via fluorescence-based assays. Cells were stained with Hoechst 33342 to observe chromatin condensation, and Western blotting was performed to analyze protein expression. The cell cycle was assessed using flow cytometry. Invasion and migration assays were performed using 24-well chambers. TEL induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner and increased the percentage of cells with high chromatin condensation and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in both cell lines. TEL-induced cell death was attenuated by neither peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ nor -δ inhibitors. Although TEL elevated c-Jun N-terminal kinase levels and p38 phosphorylation rates in Caki-2 cells, as well as extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation rates in 786-O cells, their inhibitors did not suppress TEL-induced cell death. TEL decreased Akt phosphorylation in 786-O cells and mTOR phosphorylation in both cell lines, increased the population of cells in the G2/M phase, and altered G2/M-related proteins in both cell lines. TEL moderately suppressed cell invasion and migration in 786-O and Caki-2 cells, respectively, and increased cell invasion in Caki-2 cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic role of TEL in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Tsujiya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Ai Hasegawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Motohiro Yamamori
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Noboru Okamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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Yamamoto Y, Koma H, Yagami T. 15-Deoxy-Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 Inhibits Cell Migration on Renal Cell Carcinoma via Down-Regulation of Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:153-157. [PMID: 31902920 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the chemoresistant cancers. There is a pressing need to establish therapeutic approaches to prevent RCC proliferation and metastasis. The electrophilic 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is an endogenous anti-cancerous agent. Treatment with high concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 is known to induce apoptosis of RCC cells, independent of the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). In this study, we investigated the effects of 15d-PGJ2 on the metastatic properties of RCC Caki-2 cells. The metastatic potential of RCC was evaluated by measuring the migratory ability of Caki-2 cells. Although treatment with low concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 did not cause apoptosis, it did decrease the migration of Caki-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. PPARγ did not mediate the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on the migration of Caki-2 cells. Treatment with a low concentration of 15d-PGJ2 resulted in disassembled focal adhesions and extensive filamentous actin reorganization. Furthermore, 15d-PGJ2 significantly reduced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). In conclusion, 15d-PGJ2 attenuated the migratory ability of RCC, independent of PPARγ. Further, 15d-PGJ2 appeared to suppress cell migration via inactivation of FAK and subsequent disassembly of focal adhesion. Our present study highlights the therapeutic potential of 15d-PGJ2 for prevention of RCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiromi Koma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University
| | - Tatsurou Yagami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ and γ agonists differentially affect prostaglandin E2 and cytokine synthesis and nutrient transporter expression in porcine trophoblast cells during implantation. Theriogenology 2020; 152:36-46. [PMID: 32361305 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor family of ligand-dependent transcription factors. PPARs have been shown to be important regulators of female reproductive functions, including conceptus development and placenta formation. This study examines the effect of PPARβ/δ and PPARγ agonists and antagonists on (1) the synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL) 6, interferon (IFN) γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and (2) the mRNA expression of genes encoding nutrient transporters and/or binding proteins in Day 15 conceptus trophoblast cells. The study also examines whether PPAR agonist-modulated IL6, IFNγ, and TNFα secretion is mediated via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Trophoblast cells were exposed to L-165,041 (a PPARβ/δ agonist) or rosiglitazone (a PPARγ agonist) in the presence or absence of GSK3787 (a PPARβ/δ antagonist) or GW9662 (a PPARγ antagonist) or in the presence or absence of U0126 (a MAPK inhibitor). Rosiglitazone stimulated PGE synthase and IFNG mRNA expression in trophoblast cells and enhanced PGE2 concentrations in the incubation medium. Moreover, cells treated with rosiglitazone exhibited increased abundance of the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1, a PG transporter) and of fatty acid binding protein (FABP) 5 transcripts. All these effects were abolished by the addition of GW9662, which indicates that the action of rosiglitazone is PPARγ-dependent in the studied cells. L-165,041 inhibited TNFα synthesis and decreased the mRNA expression of FABP3 and IL6 in trophoblast cells. However, this effect was not abolished by the addition of GSK3787 into the incubation medium, suggesting that L-165,041 action is independent of PPARβ/δ. The inhibitory effect of L-165,041 on TNFα concentration and the stimulatory effect of rosiglitazone on IFNγ accumulation in the medium were not observed in the presence of the MAPK inhibitor, suggesting that the action of both agonists may be mediated by MAPKs. In conclusion, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ agonists are differentially involved in the trophoblast expression of genes related to conceptus development and implantation in pigs. Furthermore, L-165,041 and rosiglitazone may have PPAR-dependent and -independent effects in conceptus trophoblast cells.
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Abstract
Bioactive lipids are essential components of human cells and tissues. As discussed in this review, the cancer lipidome is diverse and malleable, with the ability to promote or inhibit cancer pathogenesis. Targeting lipids within the tumor and surrounding microenvironment may be a novel therapeutic approach for treating cancer patients. Additionally, the emergence of a novel super-family of lipid mediators termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) has revealed a new role for bioactive lipid mediators in the resolution of inflammation in cancer biology. The role of SPMs in cancer holds great promise in our understanding of cancer pathogenesis and can ultimately be used in future cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Sulciner
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Allison Gartung
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Molly M Gilligan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Koma H, Yamamoto Y, Fujita T, Yagami T. 15-deoxy-Δ 12, 14-prostaglandin J 2 enhances anticancer activities independently of VHL status in renal cell carcinomas. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 18:100608. [PMID: 30815591 PMCID: PMC6377412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is relatively resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) accounts for the majority of RCC, which have mutations or epigenetic silencing of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) gene. VHL-positive Caki-2 cells are killed by an endogenous anticancer substance, 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). The MTT reduction assay reflecting mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity was employed for assessment of cell viability. We confirmed anticancer activities of camptothecin (topoisomerase I inhibitor), etoposide (topoisomerase II inhibitor), doxorubicin (topoisomerase II inhibitor) in VHL-positive Caki-2 cells. Combination of topoisomerase inhibitors with 15d-PGJ2 exhibited the synergistic effect in VHL-positive Caki-2 cells. However, 15d-PGJ2 did not increase cytotoxicities of topoisomerase inhibitors on VHL-negative 786-O cells. In addition, the 15d-PGJ2-enhanced antitumor activity of topoisomerase inhibitors was detected in neither VHL-positive nor VHL-negative RCC4 cells. Our finding indicated that 15d-PGJ2 enhanced the antitumor activity of topoisomerase inhibitors independently of VHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Koma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Tomonari Fujita
- Hyogo Prefectural Kobe High School, 1-5-1 Shironoshita-dori Nada-ku Kobe, Hyogo 657-0804, Japan
| | - Tatsurou Yagami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Blitek A, Szymanska M. Regulation of expression and role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in luminal epithelial and stromal cells of the porcine endometrium. Theriogenology 2019; 127:88-101. [PMID: 30677596 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-dependent transcription factors. PPARs are important regulators of glucose and fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune response. Their possible role in the female reproductive tract was demonstrated. In the present study, cultured luminal epithelial (LE) and stromal (ST) cells of the porcine endometrium were used to examine (1) the effect of conceptus exposed medium (CEM) on mRNA and protein expression and DNA binding activity of PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG isoforms, and (2) the effect of PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG agonists on the expression of selected genes, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. The addition of CEM stimulated PPARA expression and DNA binding activity of this isoform in LE and ST cells (P < 0.05). Increased expression of PPARD mRNA in the presence of CEM was detected in ST cells (P < 0.05), while the concentration of PPARG transcripts decreased in response to CEM in both cell types (P < 0.05). LE and ST cells of the pig endometrium possess PPARA, PPARD, and PPARG proteins, with clear nuclear staining visible predominately in ST cells. In LE cells, activation of PPARG with 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin(PG)J2 down-regulated the expression of genes encoding amino acid transporter 1 (SLC38A1), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and enzymes involved in PG synthesis (P < 0.05). In ST cells, activation of PPARD isoform with both agonists used (L-165,041 and cPGI2) and PPARG isoform with 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 increased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, GW9578 (PPARA agonist) and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 stimulated glucose transporter 1 (SLC2A1) gene expression in ST cells. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 was also effective in up-regulation of the ratio of BAX/BCL2 mRNA expression and active caspase-3 concentration in ST cells (P < 0.05). Finally, GW9578 stimulated LE and ST cell proliferation, while rosiglitazone (PPARG agonist) increased the number of viable ST but not LE cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that conceptus products differentially modulate PPARs expression and activity in the porcine endometrium. Activation of PPARs may in turn affect nutrient transport, PG synthesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, or cell proliferation in this tissue. Therefore, PPAR isoforms seem to play an important role in development and function of the porcine uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Blitek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Szymanska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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Bie Q, Dong H, Jin C, Zhang H, Zhang B. 15d-PGJ2 is a new hope for controlling tumor growth. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:648-658. [PMID: 29636856 PMCID: PMC5883107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a natural PPARγ agonist, has been investigated for over a decade. Studies have revealed that it has proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and anti-metastatic abilities, as well as a significant anticancer effect. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of 15d-PGJ2 on various tumors are only partially known. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in elucidating these mechanisms. Understanding the various functions and mechanisms of 15d-PGJ2 are crucial for the development of new therapies for controlling tumor growth and providing the basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Bie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong, P. R. China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Haixin Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chengqiang Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong, P. R. China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong, P. R. China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, Shandong, P. R. China
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Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Tomonari Y, Kawashima K, Itoh T, Imano M, Satou T, Nishida S. Pioglitazone inhibits cancer cell growth through STAT3 inhibition and enhanced AIF expression via a PPARγ-independent pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3638-3647. [PMID: 29030979 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pioglitazone is an anti-diabetic agent that belongs to the thiazolidinedione class, which target peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a transcription factor in the nuclear receptor family. Different cancer cells expressing high levels of PPARγ and PPARγ ligands induce cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying pioglitazone-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. We showed that at similar concentrations, pioglitazone induced death in cancer cells expressing high or low levels of PPARγ. Combined treatment of pioglitazone and GW9662, a PPARγ antagonist, did not rescue this cell death phenotype. Z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, did not reverse pioglitazone-induced apoptosis in cancer cells expressing PPARγ at high or low levels. Pioglitazone suppressed the activation of signal transducers and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Survivin expression, and enhanced the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) levels in these cells. Furthermore, pioglitazone enhanced the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and oxaliplatin by suppressing Survivin and increasing AIF expression. These results indicated that pioglitazone induced apoptosis via a PPARγ-independent pathway, thus describing pioglitazone as a potential therapeutic agent for controlling the progression of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshika Tomonari
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Keishi Kawashima
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Itoh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Nara, Japan
| | - Motohiro Imano
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Satou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
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Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto T, Koma H, Nishii A, Yagami T. Synergistic effects of 15-deoxy Δ 12,14-prostaglandin J 2 on the anti-tumor activity of doxorubicin in renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:61-66. [PMID: 28955990 PMCID: PMC5614541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An endogenous anticancer agent, 15-deoxy -Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces apoptosis in the chemoresistant renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor for 15d-PGJ2, and mediates the cytotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2 in many cancerous cells. However, 15d-PGJ2 induces apoptosis independently of PPARγ in human RCC cell line such as Caki-2. In the present study, we found that 15d-PGJ2 ameliorated the chemoresistance to one of anthracycline antibiotics, doxorubicin, in Caki-2 cells. Doxorubicin alone exhibited weak cytotoxicity at the concentrations effective for other cancer cells such as Hela cells. In addition, it did not activate caspase 3. However, the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin was increased remarkably and accompanied with the caspase- 3 activation in the presence of 15d-PGJ2. Doxorubicin alone damaged plasma membrane, and the combined application of 15d-PGJ2 with doxorubicin increased the membrane permeability slightly. PPARγ was involved in neither the anti-tumor activity nor the synergistic effect of 15d-PGJ2. 15d-PGJ2 induces apoptosis in Caki-2 cells via suppressing the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. The effect of PI3K inhibitor on the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin was additive, but not synergistic. Although the PI3K inhibitor mimicked the cytotoxicity of 15d-PGJ2, it might not be involved in the synergism between 15d-PGJ2 and doxorubicin. In conclusion, 15d-PGJ2 enhanced the chemosensitivity of doxorubicin via the pathway independent of PPARγ and PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamamoto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Takehiro Yamamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Kobe High School, 1-5-1 Shironoshita-dori, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-0804, Japan
| | - Hiromi Koma
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nishii
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
| | - Tatsurou Yagami
- Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Health Care, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 2-1, kami-ohno 7-Chome, Himeji, Hyogo 670-8524, Japan
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Gou Q, Gong X, Jin J, Shi J, Hou Y. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are potential drug targets for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:60704-60709. [PMID: 28948004 PMCID: PMC5601172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors including PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ, which play an important role in regulating cancer cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and tumor growth. Activation of PPARs by endogenous or synthetic compounds regulates tumor progression in various tissues. Although each PPAR isotype suppresses or promotes tumor development depending on the specific tissues or ligands, the mechanism is still unclear. In this review, we summarized the regulative mechanism of PPARs on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 212017, PR China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xin Gong
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 212017, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yongzhong Hou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Wujin People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 212017, PR China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
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Yagami T, Yamamoto Y, Koma H. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:9007-9008. [PMID: 28107188 PMCID: PMC5354706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsurou Yagami
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Koma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, Japan
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Zhang GM, Zhu Y, Ye DW. Metabolic syndrome and renal cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2014; 12:236. [PMID: 25069390 PMCID: PMC4118156 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, which has been regarded as a pivotal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies focusing on the relationship between MS and cancer have recognized the significant role of MS on carcinogenesis. Likewise, growing evidence suggests that MS has a strong association with increased renal cell carcinoma (RCC) risk. This review outlines the link between MS and RCC, and some underlying mechanisms responsible for MS-associated RCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed search (http://www.pubmed.gov) was conducted using medical subject headings 'metabolic syndrome', 'obesity', 'hypertension', 'diabetes', 'dyslipidemia', and 'renal cell carcinoma'. RESULTS This revealed that a variety of molecular mechanisms secondary to MS are involved in RCC formation, progression, and metastasis. A deeper understanding of these molecular mechanisms may provide some strategies for the prevention and treatment of RCC. CONCLUSIONS In summary, there is a large body of evidence regarding the link between MS and RCC, within which each component of MS is considered to have a close causal association with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No, 270, Dongan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China.
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16
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Yen CC, Hsiao CD, Chen WM, Wen YS, Lin YC, Chang TW, Yao FY, Hung SC, Wang JY, Chiu JH, Wang HW, Lin CH, Chen TH, Chen PCH, Liu CL, Tzeng CH, Fletcher JA. Cytotoxic effects of 15d-PGJ2 against osteosarcoma through ROS-mediated AKT and cell cycle inhibition. Oncotarget 2014; 5:716-25. [PMID: 24566468 PMCID: PMC3996657 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a critical cell cycle regulator, has been identified as a potential target in osteosarcoma (OS). 15-deoxy-Δ12, 14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), a prostaglandin derivative, has shown its anti-tumor activity by inducing apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inactivation of v-akt, a murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog, (AKT) in cancer cells. In the study analyzing its effects on arthritis, 15d-PGJ2 mediated shear-induced chondrocyte apoptosis via protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent regulation of PLK1. In this study, the cytotoxic effect and mechanism underlying 15d-PGJ2 effects against OS were explored using OS cell lines. 15d-PGJ2 induced significant G2/M arrest, and exerted time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects against all OS cell lines. Western blot analysis showed that both AKT and PKA-PLK1 were down-regulated in OS cell lines after treatment with 15d-PGJ2. In addition, transfection of constitutively active AKT or PLK1 partially rescued cells from 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis, suggesting crucial roles for both pathways in the anti-cancer effects of 15d-PGJ2. Moreover, ROS generation was found treatment with 15d-PGJ2, and its cytotoxic effect could be reversed with N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Furthermore, inhibition of JNK partially rescued 15d-PGJ2 cytotoxicity. Thus, ROS-mediated JNK activation may contribute to apoptosis through down-regulation of the p-Akt and PKA-PLK1 pathways. 15d-PGJ2 is a potential therapeutic agent for OS, exerting cytotoxicity mediated through both AKT and PKA-PLK1 inhibition, and these results form the basis for further analysis of its role in animal studies and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Chuan Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Epidermal Stem Cell Lab, Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Shan Wen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chan Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Yao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Hwey Chiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Department of Surgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsei-Wei Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, and Cancer Research Center & Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, and Cancer Research Center & Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tain-Hsiung Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paul Chih-Hsueh Chen
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Liu
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Therapeutical and Research Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hwai Tzeng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang Z, Xu Y, Xu Q, Hou Y. PPARγ against Tumors by Different Signaling Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 36:598-601. [DOI: 10.1159/000355328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Intrastriatal transplantation of bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells improves functional recovery after stroke in adult mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000; 99:492-9. [PMID: 10994853 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors transplanted adult bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells into the striatum after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice (n = 23; C57BL/6J) were divided into four groups: (1) mice (n = 5) were subjected to MCAO and transplanted with bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells (prelabeled by bromodeoxyuridine, BrdU) into the ischemic striatum, (2) MCAO alone (n = 8), (3) MCAO with injection of phosphate buffered saline (n = 5), and (4) bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells injected into the normal striatum (n = 5). Mice were killed at 28 days after stroke. BrdU reactive cells survived and migrated a distance of approximately 2.2 mm from the grafting areas toward the ischemic areas. BrdU reactive cells expressed the neuronal specific protein NeuN in 1% of BrdU stained cells and the astrocytic specific protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in 8% of the BrdU stained cells. Functional recovery from a rotarod test (P < 0.05) and modified neurologic severity score tests (including motor, sensory, and reflex; P < 0.05) were significantly improved in the mice receiving bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells compared with MCAO alone. The current findings suggest that the intrastriatal transplanted bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells survived in the ischemic brain and improved functional recovery of adult mice even though infarct volumes did not change significantly. Bone marrow nonhematopoietic cells may provide a new avenue to promote recovery of injured brain.
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