1
|
Kwon S, Lee S, Jang J, Lee JB, Kim KS. Quantifying the effects of repeated dyeing: Morphological, mechanical, and chemical changes in human hair fibers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37871. [PMID: 39315135 PMCID: PMC11417257 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As hair dyeing gains popularity across all age groups, concerns about the potential damage caused by chemical treatments are also on the rise. Chemical dyes have a multifaceted impact on hair fibers, affecting their morphology, physical structure, and protein composition. In a comprehensive study, we investigated the alterations in morphological and mechanical properties, as well as the chemical composition of hair fibers following continuous dyeing. Our analysis employed various techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and tensile strength measurements. To assess the cumulative damage resulting from repeated dyeing, we progressively increased the number of dyeing up to 10. Surprisingly, even a single dyeing session inflicted noticeable harm on the hair. However, the detrimental effects escalated significantly when hair underwent three or more consecutive dye treatments. While the mechanical properties and protein composition exhibited non-linear changes with increasing the number of dyeing, we observed that nanoscale damage to the cuticle surface intensified proportionally with the number of dyeing. These results highlight the critical need to consider the impacts of hair dyeing practices on both the health and the structural integrity of hair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoon Lee
- Department of innovation, Innovation Lab, Cosmax R&I, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihui Jang
- Department of innovation, Innovation Lab, Cosmax R&I, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Bae Lee
- Department of innovation, Innovation Lab, Cosmax R&I, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate school, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park C, Lim W, Song R, Han J, You D, Kim S, Lee JE, van Noort D, Mandenius CF, Lee J, Hyun KA, Jung HI, Park S. Efficient separation of large particles and giant cancer cells using an isosceles trapezoidal spiral microchannel. Analyst 2024; 149:4496-4505. [PMID: 39049608 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) contribute to the genetic heterogeneity and evolutionary dynamics of tumors. Their size, however, complicates their isolation from mainstream tumor cell populations. Standard techniques like fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) rely on fluorescent labeling, introducing potential challenges in subsequent PGCC analyses. In response, we developed the Isosceles Trapezoidal Spiral Microchannel (ITSμC), a microfluidic device optimizing the Dean drag force (FD) and exploiting uniform vortices for enhanced separation. Numerical simulations highlighted ITSμC's advantage in producing robust FD compared to rectangular and standard trapezoidal channels. Empirical results confirmed its ability to segregate larger polystyrene (PS) particles (avg. diameter: 50 μm) toward the inner wall, while directing smaller ones (avg. diameter: 23 μm) outward. Utilizing ITSμC, we efficiently isolated PGCCs from doxorubicin-resistant triple-negative breast cancer (DOXR-TNBC) and patient-derived cancer (PDC) cells, achieving outstanding purity, yield, and viability rates (all greater than 90%). This precision was accomplished without fluorescent markers, and the versatility of ITSμC suggests its potential in differentiating a wide range of heterogeneous cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanyong Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Wanyoung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Ryungeun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Jeonghun Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Daeun You
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Korea
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Breast Cancer Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Korea
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medi-cine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Danny van Noort
- Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Carl-Fredrik Mandenius
- Division of Biophysics and Bioengineering, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Jinkee Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hyun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sungsu Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Uesugi K, Obata S, Nagayama K. Micro tensile tester measurement of biomechanical properties and adhesion force of microtubule-polymerization-inhibited cancer cells. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 156:106586. [PMID: 38805872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Both mechanical and adhesion properties of cancer cells are complex and reciprocally related to migration, invasion, and metastasis with large cell deformation. Therefore, we evaluated these properties for human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) simultaneously using our previously developed micro tensile tester system. For efficient evaluation, we developed image analysis software to modify the system. The software can analyze the tensile force in real time. The modified system can evaluate the tensile stiffness of cells to which a large deformation is applied, also evaluate the adhesion strength of cancer cells that adhered to a culture substrate and were cultured for several days with their adhesion maturation. We used the modified system to simultaneously evaluate the stiffness of the cancer cells to which a large deformation was applied and their adhesion strength. The obtained results revealed that the middle phase of tensile stiffness and adhesion force of the microtubule-depolymerized group treated with colchicine (an anti-cancer drug) (stiffness, 13.4 ± 7.5 nN/%; adhesion force, 460.6 ± 258.2 nN) were over two times larger than those of the control group (stiffness, 5.0 ± 3.5 nN/%; adhesion force, 168.2 ± 98.0 nN). Additionally, the same trend was confirmed with the detailed evaluation of cell surface stiffness using an atomic force microscope. Confocal fluorescence microscope observations showed that the stress fibers (SFs) of colchicine-treated cells were aligned in the same direction, and focal adhesions (FAs) of the cells developed around both ends of the SFs and aligned parallel to the developed direction of the SFs. There was a possibility that the microtubule depolymerization by the colchicine treatment induced the development of SFs and FAs and subsequently caused an increment of cell stiffness and adhesion force. From the above results, we concluded the modified system would be applicable to cancer detection and anti-cancer drug efficacy tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Uesugi
- Micro-Nano Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Ibaraki University, Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Shota Obata
- Micro-Nano Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Ibaraki University, Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi, 316-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nagayama
- Micro-Nano Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Ibaraki University, Nakanarusawa-cho, Hitachi, 316-8511, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Filippi J, Casti P, Antonelli G, Murdocca M, Mencattini A, Corsi F, D'Orazio M, Pecora A, De Luca M, Curci G, Ghibelli L, Sangiuolo F, Neale SL, Martinelli E. Cell Electrokinetic Fingerprint: A Novel Approach Based on Optically Induced Dielectrophoresis (ODEP) for In-Flow Identification of Single Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300923. [PMID: 38693090 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A novel optically induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) system that can operate under flow conditions is designed for automatic trapping of cells and subsequent induction of 2D multi-frequency cell trajectories. Like in a "ping-pong" match, two virtual electrode barriers operate in an alternate mode with varying frequencies of the input voltage. The so-derived cell motions are characterized via time-lapse microscopy, cell tracking, and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, like the wavelet scattering transform (WST). As a cell-electrokinetic fingerprint, the dynamic of variation of the cell displacements happening, over time, is quantified in response to different frequency values of the induced electric field. When tested on two biological scenarios in the cancer domain, the proposed approach discriminates cellular dielectric phenotypes obtained, respectively, at different early phases of drug-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer (PC3) cells and for differential expression of the lectine-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) transcript levels in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1) cells. The results demonstrate increased discrimination of the proposed system and pose an additional basis for making ODEP-based assays addressing cancer heterogeneity for precision medicine and pharmacological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Filippi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Paola Casti
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Gianni Antonelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Arianna Mencattini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Corsi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Michele D'Orazio
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecora
- Italian Nation Research Council (CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Massimiliano De Luca
- Italian Nation Research Council (CNR), Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Giorgia Curci
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Steven L Neale
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eugenio Martinelli
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Center for Advanced Studies on Lab-on-Chip and Organ-on-Chip Applications (ICLOC), Via del Politecnico 1, Rome, 00133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dieper A, Scheidegger S, Füchslin RM, Veltsista PD, Stein U, Weyland M, Gerster D, Beck M, Bengtsson O, Zips D, Ghadjar P. Literature review: potential non-thermal molecular effects of external radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on cancer. Int J Hyperthermia 2024; 41:2379992. [PMID: 39019469 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2024.2379992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an ongoing scientific discussion, that anti-cancer effects induced by radiofrequency (RF)-hyperthermia might not be solely attributable to subsequent temperature elevations at the tumor site but also to non-temperature-induced effects. The exact molecular mechanisms behind said potential non-thermal RF effects remain largely elusive, however, limiting their therapeutical targetability. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we aim to provide an overview of the current literature on potential non-temperature-induced molecular effects within cancer cells in response to RF-electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). MATERIAL AND METHODS This literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. For this purpose, a MeSH-term-defined literature search on MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scopus (Elsevier) was conducted on March 23rd, 2024. Essential criteria herein included the continuous wave RF-EMF nature (3 kHz - 300 GHz) of the source, the securing of temperature-controlled circumstances within the trials, and the preclinical nature of the trials. RESULTS Analysis of the data processed in this review suggests that RF-EMF radiation of various frequencies seems to be able to induce significant non-temperature-induced anti-cancer effects. These effects span from mitotic arrest and growth inhibition to cancer cell death in the form of autophagy and apoptosis and appear to be mostly exclusive to cancer cells. Several cellular mechanisms were identified through which RF-EMF radiation potentially imposes its anti-cancer effects. Among those, by reviewing the included publications, we identified RF-EMF-induced ion channel activation, altered gene expression, altered membrane potentials, membrane oscillations, and blebbing, as well as changes in cytoskeletal structure and cell morphology. CONCLUSION The existent literature points toward a yet untapped therapeutic potential of RF-EMF treatment, which might aid in damaging cancer cells through bio-electrical and electro-mechanical molecular mechanisms while minimizing adverse effects on healthy tissue cells. Further research is imperative to definitively confirm non-thermal EMF effects as well as to determine optimal cancer-type-specific RF-EMF frequencies, field intensities, and exposure intervals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dieper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Scheidegger
- Institute for Applied Mathematics and Physics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf M Füchslin
- Institute for Applied Mathematics and Physics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Paraskevi D Veltsista
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Stein
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max-Delbrück-Centrum (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Weyland
- Institute for Applied Mathematics and Physics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Gerster
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Beck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olof Bengtsson
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut (FBH), Leibnitz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pirus Ghadjar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Radman BA, Alhameed AMM, Shu G, Yin G, Wang M. Cellular elasticity in cancer: a review of altered biomechanical features. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5299-5324. [PMID: 38742281 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A large number of studies have shown that changes in biomechanical characteristics are an important indicator of tumor transformation in normal cells. Elastic deformation is one of the more studied biomechanical features of tumor cells, which plays an important role in tumourigenesis and development. Altered cell elasticity often brings many indications. This manuscript reviews the effects of altered cellular elasticity on cell characteristics, including adhesion viscosity, migration, proliferation, and differentiation elasticity and stiffness. Also, the physical factors that may affect cell elasticity, such as temperature, cell height, cell-viscosity, and aging, are summarized. Then, the effects of cell-matrix, cytoskeleton, in vitro culture medium, and cell-substrate with different three-dimensional structures on cell elasticity during cell tumorigenesis are outlined. Importantly, we summarize the current signaling pathways that may affect cellular elasticity, as well as tests for cellular elastic deformation. Finally, we summarize current hybrid materials: polymer-polymer, protein-protein, and protein-polymer hybrids, also, nano-delivery strategies that target cellular resilience and cases that are at least in clinical phase 1 trials. Overall, the behavior of cancer cell elasticity is modulated by biological, chemical, and physical changes, which in turn have the potential to alter cellular elasticity, and this may be an encouraging prediction for the future discovery of cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bakeel A Radman
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Education, Albaydha University, Yemen
| | | | - Guang Shu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Maonan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ferraro R, Guido S, Caserta S, Tassieri M. i -Rheo-optical assay: Measuring the viscoelastic properties of multicellular spheroids. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101066. [PMID: 38693994 PMCID: PMC11061759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces a novel mechanobiology assay, named "i-Rheo-optical assay", that integrates rheology with optical microscopy for analysing the viscoelastic properties of multicellular spheroids. These spheroids serve as three-dimensional models resembling tissue structures. The innovative technique enables real-time observation and quantification of morphological responses to applied stress using a cost-effective microscope coverslip for constant compression force application. By bridging a knowledge gap in biophysical research, which has predominantly focused on the elastic properties while only minimally exploring the viscoelastic nature in multicellular systems, the i-Rheo-optical assay emerges as an effective tool. It facilitates the measurement of broadband viscoelastic compressional moduli in spheroids, here derived from cancer (PANC-1) and non-tumoral (NIH/3T3) cell lines during compression tests. This approach plays a crucial role in elucidating the mechanical properties of spheroids and holds potential for identifying biomarkers to discriminate between healthy tissues and their pathological counterparts. Offering comprehensive insights into the biomechanical behaviour of biological systems, i-Rheo-optical assay marks a significant advancement in tissue engineering, cancer research, and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Ferraro
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- DICMaPI, Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le V. Tecchio 80, 80125, Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Manlio Tassieri
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G11 6EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rahmati N, Maftoon N. Computational analysis of cancer cell adhesion in curved vessels affected by wall shear stress for prediction of metastatic spreading. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1393413. [PMID: 38860135 PMCID: PMC11163055 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1393413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The dynamics of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) within blood vessels play a pivotal role in predicting metastatic spreading of cancer within the body. However, the limited understanding and method to quantitatively investigate the influence of vascular architecture on CTC dynamics hinders our ability to predict metastatic process effectively. To address this limitation, the present study was conducted to investigate the influence of blood vessel tortuosity on the behaviour of CTCs, focusing specifically on establishing methods and examining the role of shear stress in CTC-vessel wall interactions and its subsequent impact on metastasis. Methods: We computationally simulated CTC behaviour under various shear stress conditions induced by vessel tortuosity. Our computational model, based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and a coarse-grained spectrin-link membrane model, efficiently simulates blood plasma dynamics and CTC deformability. The model incorporates fluid-structure interactions and receptor-ligand interactions crucial for CTC adhesion using the immersed boundary method (IBM). Results: Our findings reveal that uniform shear stress in straight vessels leads to predictable CTC-vessel interactions, whereas in curved vessels, asymmetrical flow patterns and altered shear stress create distinct adhesion dynamics, potentially influencing CTC extravasation. Quantitative analysis shows a 25% decrease in the wall shear stress in low-shear regions and a 58.5% increase in the high-shear region. We observed high-shear regions in curved vessels to be potential sites for increased CTC adhesion and extravasation, facilitated by elevated endothelial expression of adhesion molecules. This phenomenon correlates with the increased number of adhesion bonds, which rises to approximately 40 in high-shear regions, compared to around 12 for straight vessels and approximately 5-6 in low-shear regions. The findings also indicate an optimal cellular stiffness necessary for successful CTC extravasation in curved vessels. Discussion: By the quantitative assessment of the risk of CTC extravasation as a function of vessel tortuosity, our study offers a novel tool for the prediction of metastasis risk to support the development of personalized therapeutic interventions based on individual vascular characteristics and tumor cell properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahmati
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Maftoon
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Apa L, Martire MV, Carraro S, Cosentino M, Del Prete Z, Peruzzi B, Rizzuto E. Development of an Optical System for Strain Drop Measurement of Osteosarcoma Cells on Substrates with Different Stiffness. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3383. [PMID: 38894171 PMCID: PMC11175146 DOI: 10.3390/s24113383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Adherent cells perceive mechanical feedback from the underlying matrix and convert it into biochemical signals through a process known as mechanotransduction. The response to changes in the microenvironment relies on the cell's mechanical properties, including elasticity, which was recently identified as a biomarker for various diseases. Here, we propose the design, development, and characterization of a new system for the measurement of adherent cells' strain drop, a parameter correlated with cells' elasticity. To consider the interplay between adherent cells and the host extracellular matrix, cell stretching was combined with adhesion on substrates with different stiffnesses. The technique is based on the linear stretching of silicone chambers, high-speed image acquisition, and feedback for image centering. The system was characterized in terms of the strain homogeneity, impact of collagen coating, centering capability, and sensitivity. Subsequently, it was employed to measure the strain drop of two osteosarcoma cell lines, low-aggressive osteoblast-like SaOS-2 and high-aggressive 143B, cultured on two different substrates to recall the stiffness of the bone and lung extracellular matrices. Results demonstrated good substrate homogeneity, a negligible effect of the collagen coating, and an accurate image centering. Finally, the experimental results showed an average strain drop that was lower in the 143B cells in comparison with the SaOS-2 cells in all the tested conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Apa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Martire
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| | - Serena Carraro
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| | - Marianna Cosentino
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Zaccaria Del Prete
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (M.V.M.); (S.C.); (Z.D.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Connaughton M, Dabagh M. Modeling Physical Forces Experienced by Cancer and Stromal Cells Within Different Organ-Specific Tumor Tissue. IEEE JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL ENGINEERING IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE 2024; 12:413-434. [PMID: 38765886 PMCID: PMC11100865 DOI: 10.1109/jtehm.2024.3388561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical force exerted on cancer cells by their microenvironment have been reported to drive cells toward invasive phenotypes by altering cells' motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. These mechanical forces include compressive, tensile, hydrostatic, and shear forces. The importance of forces is then hypothesized to be an alteration of cancer cells' and their microenvironment's biophysical properties as the indicator of a tumor's malignancy state. Our objective is to investigate and quantify the correlation between a tumor's malignancy state and forces experienced by the cancer cells and components of the microenvironment. In this study, we have developed a multicomponent, three-dimensional model of tumor tissue consisting of a cancer cell surrounded by fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM). Our results on three different organs including breast, kidney, and pancreas show that: A) the stresses within tumor tissue are impacted by the organ specific ECM's biophysical properties, B) more invasive cancer cells experience higher stresses, C) in pancreas which has a softer ECM (Young modulus of 1.0 kPa) and stiffer cancer cells (Young modulus of 2.4 kPa and 1.7 kPa) than breast and kidney, cancer cells experienced significantly higher stresses, D) cancer cells in contact with ECM experienced higher stresses compared to cells surrounded by fibroblasts but the area of tumor stroma experiencing high stresses has a maximum length of 40 μm when the cancer cell is surrounded by fibroblasts and 12 μm for when the cancer cell is in vicinity of ECM. This study serves as an important first step in understanding of how the stresses experienced by cancer cells, fibroblasts, and ECM are associated with malignancy states of cancer cells in different organs. The quantification of forces exerted on cancer cells by different organ-specific ECM and at different stages of malignancy will help, first to develop theranostic strategies, second to predict accurately which tumors will become highly malignant, and third to establish accurate criteria controlling the progression of cancer cells malignancy. Furthermore, our in silico model of tumor tissue can yield critical, useful information for guiding ex vivo or in vitro experiments, narrowing down variables to be investigated, understanding what factors could be impacting cancer treatments or even biomarkers to be looking for.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Connaughton
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| | - Mahsa Dabagh
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI53211USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dasanayake GS, Hamadani CM, Singh G, Kumar Misra S, Vashisth P, Sharp JS, Adhikari L, Baker GA, Tanner EEL. Imidazolium-based zwitterionic liquid-modified PEG-PLGA nanoparticles as a potential intravenous drug delivery carrier. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5584-5600. [PMID: 38410026 PMCID: PMC11476077 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic-based systems offer promise as next-generation drug delivery biomaterials capable of enhancing nanoparticle (NP) stimuli-responsiveness, biorecognition, and biocompatibility. Further, imidazole-functionalized amphiphilic zwitterions are able to readily bind to various biological macromolecules, enabling antifouling properties for enhanced drug delivery efficacy and bio-targeting. Herein, we describe structurally tuned zwitterionic imidazole-based ionic liquid (ZIL)-coated PEG-PLGA nanoparticles made with sonicated nanoprecipitation. Upon ZIL surface modification, the hydrodynamic radius increased by nearly 20 nm, and the surface charge significantly shifted closer to neutral. 1H NMR spectra suggests that the amount of ZIL on the nanoparticle surface is controlled by the structure of the ZIL and that the assembly occurs as a result of non-covalent interactions of ZIL-coated nanoparticle with the polymer surface. These nanoparticle-zwitterionic liquid (ZIL) constructs demonstrate selective affinity towards red blood cells in whole mouse blood and show relatively low human hemolysis at ∼5%. Additionally, we observe higher nanoparticle accumulation of ZIL-NPs compared with unmodified NP controls in human triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Furthermore, although the ZIL shows similar protein adsorption by SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS protein analysis data demonstrate a difference in the relative abundance and depletion of proteins in mouse and human serum. Hence, we show that ZIL-coated nanoparticles provide a new potential platform to enhance RBC-based drug delivery systems for cancer treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaya S Dasanayake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Christine M Hamadani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Sandeep Kumar Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Priyavrat Vashisth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Laxmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Gary A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Eden E L Tanner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sahu A, Pradhan D, Veer B, Kumar S, Singh R, Raza K, Rizvi MA, Jain AK, Verma S. In silico screening, synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel anticancer agents as potential COX-2 inhibitors. Daru 2023; 31:119-133. [PMID: 37454036 PMCID: PMC10624798 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase enzyme is frequently overexpressed in various types of cancer and found to play a crucial role in poor prognosis in cancer patients. In current research, we have reported the new COX-2 inhibitors for cancer treatment using computer-aided drug design and experimental validation. METHODS A total of 12,795 compounds from the different databases were used to screen against the COX-2 enzyme. It perceived three new compounds with better binding affinity to the enzyme. Afterwards, physicochemical properties and in silico bioactivity were assessed for efficacy, safety, and structural features required for binding. The molecules were synthesized and confirmed by spectroscopic techniques. Later on, molecules were evaluated for their anti-cancer activity using MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SiHa cancer cell lines. RESULTS Compound ZINC5921547 and ZINC48442590 (4a, and 4b) reduced the MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SiHa cells proliferation potently than parent compounds. The PG-E2 estimation shown, both compounds act through the COX-2 PGE2 axis. Compound 4a and 4b block the cell cycle at G1-S phase and induce cancer cell death. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that compounds 4a and 4b effectively promotes cancer cell death via COX-2 PGE2 axis, and further in vivo studies can be evaluated for development in both compounds as anticancer agents. The compilation of this information will help us to generate better outcome through robust computational methods. The high-quality experimental results may pave the way for identifying effective drug candidates for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sahu
- Tumor Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Dibyabhaba Pradhan
- Indian Biological Data Center, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Babita Veer
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Tumor Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ram Singh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Khalid Raza
- Department of Computer Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Moshahid A Rizvi
- Department of Bioscience, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Arun Kumar Jain
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Saurabh Verma
- Tumor Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kwon S, Han SJ, Kim KS. Differential response of MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer and MCF10A normal breast cells to cytoskeletal disruption. Oncol Rep 2023; 50:200. [PMID: 37772386 PMCID: PMC10565893 DOI: 10.3892/or.2023.8637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis remains a major clinical problem in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer‑related mortality but is still poorly understood. Cytoskeletal proteins are considered potential therapeutic targets for metastatic cancer cells because the cytoskeleton serves a key role in the migration and invasion of these cells. Vimentin and F‑actin exhibit several functional similarities and undergo quantitative and structural changes during carcinogenesis. The present study investigated the effects of vimentin and F‑actin deficiency on the survival and motility of breast cancer cells. In metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA‑MB‑231) and breast epithelial cells (MCF10A), vimentin was knocked down by small interfering RNA and F‑actin was depolymerized by latrunculin A, respectively. The effect of reduced vimentin and F‑actin content on cell viability was analyzed using the MTT assay and the proliferative capacity was compared by analyzing the recovery rate. The effect on motility was analyzed based on two processes: The distance traveled by tracking the cell nucleus and the movement of the protrusions. The effects on cell elasticity were measured using atomic force microscopy. Separately reducing vimentin or F‑actin did not effectively inhibit the growth and motility of MDA‑MB‑231 cells; however, when both vimentin and F‑actin were simultaneously deficient, MDA‑MB‑231 cells growth and migration were severely impaired. Vimentin deficiency in MDA‑MB‑231 cells was compensated by an increase in F‑actin polymerization, but no complementary action of vimentin on the decrease in F‑actin was observed. In MCF10A cells, no complementary interaction was observed for both vimentin and F‑actin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jik Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ndlovu E, Malpartida L, Sultana T, Dahms TES, Dague E. Host Cell Geometry and Cytoskeletal Organization Governs Candida-Host Cell Interactions at the Nanoscale. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37888912 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Candida is one of the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens in humans. Its adhesion to the host cell is required in parasitic states and is important for pathogenesis. Many studies have shown that there is an increased risk of developing candidiasis when normal tissue barriers are weakened or when immune defenses are compromised, for example, during cancer treatment that induces immunosuppression. The mechanical properties of malignant cells, such as adhesiveness and viscoelasticity, which contribute to cellular invasion and migration are different from those of noncancerous cells. To understand host invasion and its relationship with host cell health, we probed the interaction of Candida spp. with cancerous and noncancerous human cell lines using atomic force microscopy in the single-cell force spectroscopy mode. There was significant adhesion between Candida and human cells, with more adhesion to cancerous versus noncancerous cell lines. This increase in adhesion is related to the mechanobiological properties of cancer cells, which have a disorganized cytoskeleton and lower rigidity. Altered geometry and cytoskeletal disruption of the human cells impacted adhesion parameters, underscoring the role of cytoskeletal organization in Candida-human cell adhesion and implicating the manipulation of cell properties as a potential future therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Easter Ndlovu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lucas Malpartida
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (LAAS), 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, Toulouse cedex 4 31031, France
| | - Taranum Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tanya E S Dahms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina S4S 0A2, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Etienne Dague
- National Centre for Scientific Research, Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems (LAAS), 7 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 54200, Toulouse cedex 4 31031, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Starodubtseva MN, Shkliarava NM, Chelnokova IA, Villalba MI, Krylov AY, Nadyrov EA, Kasas S. Mechanical Properties and Nanomotion of BT-20 and ZR-75 Breast Cancer Cells Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and Optical Nanomotion Detection Method. Cells 2023; 12:2362. [PMID: 37830577 PMCID: PMC10572077 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of two molecular genetic types of breast cancer-hormone-dependent breast cancer (ZR-75 cell line) and triple-negative breast cancer (BT-20 cell line)-were studied using atomic force microscopy and an optical nanomotion detection method. Using the Peak Force QNM and Force Volume AFM modes, we revealed the unique patterns of the dependence of Young's modulus on the indentation depth for two cancer cell lines that correlate with the features of the spatial organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Within a 200-300 nm layer just under the cell membrane, BT-20 cells are stiffer than ZR-75 cells, whereas in deeper cell regions, Young's modulus of ZR-75 cells exceeds that of BT-20 cells. Two cancer cell lines also displayed a difference in cell nanomotion dynamics upon exposure to cytochalasin D, a potent actin polymerization inhibitor. The drug strongly modified the nanomotion pattern of BT-20 cells, whereas it had almost no effect on the ZR-75 cells. We are confident that nanomotion monitoring and measurement of the stiffness of cancer cells at various indentation depths deserve further studies to obtain effective predictive parameters for use in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Starodubtseva
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Gomel State Medical University, 246000 Gomel, Belarus
- Laboratory of the Stability of Biological Systems, Radiobiology Institute of NAS of Belarus, 246007 Gomel, Belarus; (N.M.S.); (I.A.C.)
| | - Nastassia M. Shkliarava
- Laboratory of the Stability of Biological Systems, Radiobiology Institute of NAS of Belarus, 246007 Gomel, Belarus; (N.M.S.); (I.A.C.)
| | - Irina A. Chelnokova
- Laboratory of the Stability of Biological Systems, Radiobiology Institute of NAS of Belarus, 246007 Gomel, Belarus; (N.M.S.); (I.A.C.)
| | - María I. Villalba
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.I.V.); (S.K.)
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, UFAM, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Yu. Krylov
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Institute of Further Training and Retraining of the Personnel, State Forensic Examination Committee of the Republic of Belarus, 220033 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Eldar A. Nadyrov
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Gomel State Medical University, 246000 Gomel, Belarus;
| | - Sandor Kasas
- Laboratory of Biological Electron Microscopy, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (M.I.V.); (S.K.)
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, UFAM, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Daniel C, Traub F, Sachsenmaier S, Riester R, Mederake M, Konrads C, Danalache M. An exploratory study of cell stiffness as a mechanical label-free biomarker across multiple musculoskeletal sarcoma cells. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:862. [PMID: 37700272 PMCID: PMC10498616 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells are characterized by changes in cell cytoskeletal architecture and stiffness. Despite advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of musculoskeletal cancers, the corresponding cellular mechanical properties remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in cellular stiffness and the associated cytoskeleton configuration alterations in various musculoskeletal cancer cells. METHODS Cell lines from five main sarcoma types of the musculoskeletal system (chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma) as well as their healthy cell counterparts (chondrocytes, osteoblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, skeletal muscle cells) were subjected to cell stiffness measurements via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biochemical and structural changes of the cytoskeleton (F-actin, β-tubulin and actin-related protein 2/3) were assessed by means of fluorescence labelling, ELISA and qPCR. RESULTS While AFM stiffness measurements showed that the majority of cancer cells (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma) were significantly less stiff than their corresponding non-malignant counterparts (p < 0.001), the chondrosarcoma cells were significant stiffer than the chondrocytes (p < 0.001). Microscopically, the distribution of F-actin differed between malignant entities and healthy counterparts: the organisation in well aligned stress fibers was disrupted in cancer cell lines and the proteins was mainly concentrated at the periphery of the cell, whereas β-tubulin had a predominantly perinuclear localization. While the F-actin content was lower in cancer cells, particularly Ewing sarcoma (p = 0.018) and Fibrosarcoma (p = 0.023), this effect was even more pronounced in the case of β-tubulin for all cancer-healthy cell duos. Interestingly, chondrosarcoma cells were characterized by a significant upregulation of β-tubulin gene expression (p = 0.005) and protein amount (p = 0.032). CONCLUSION Modifications in cellular stiffness, along with structural and compositional cytoskeleton rearrangement, constitute typical features of sarcomas cells, when compared to their healthy counterpart. Notably, whereas a decrease in stiffness is typically a feature of malignant entities, chondrosarcoma cells were stiffer than chondrocytes, with chondrosarcoma cells exhibiting a significantly upregulated β-tubulin expression. Each Sarcoma entity may have his own cellular-stiffness and cytoskeleton organisation/composition fingerprint, which in turn may be exploited for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Daniel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Traub
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Saskia Sachsenmaier
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rosa Riester
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moritz Mederake
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Clinic, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Konrads
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hanseatic Hospital Stralsund, 18437, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Marina Danalache
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Campbell JM, Habibalahi A, Handley S, Agha A, Mahbub SB, Anwer AG, Goldys EM. Emerging clinical applications in oncology for non-invasive multi- and hyperspectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300105. [PMID: 37272291 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging of cell and tissue autofluorescence is an emerging technology in which fluorescence imaging is applied to biological materials across multiple spectral channels. This produces a stack of images where each matched pixel contains information about the sample's spectral properties at that location. This allows precise collection of molecularly specific data from a broad range of native fluorophores. Importantly, complex information, directly reflective of biological status, is collected without staining and tissues can be characterised in situ, without biopsy. For oncology, this can spare the collection of biopsies from sensitive regions and enable accurate tumour mapping. For in vivo tumour analysis, the greatest focus has been on oral cancer, whereas for ex vivo assessment head-and-neck cancers along with colon cancer have been the most studied, followed by oral and eye cancer. This review details the scope and progress of research undertaken towards clinical translation in oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Campbell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Abbas Habibalahi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shannon Handley
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Adnan Agha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saabah B Mahbub
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yuan Y, Ma D, Liu X, Tang T, Li M, Yang Y, Yalikun Y, Tanaka Y. 10 μm thick ultrathin glass sheet to realize a highly sensitive cantilever for precise cell stiffness measurement. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3651-3661. [PMID: 37449439 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The micro-cantilever-based sensor platform has become a promising technique in the sensing area for physical, chemical and biological detection due to its portability, small size, label-free characteristics and good compatibility with "lab-on-a-chip" devices. However, traditional micro-cantilever methods are limited by their complicated fabrication, manipulation and detection, and low sensitivity. In this research, we proposed a 10 μm thick ultrathin, highly sensitive, and flexible glass cantilever integrated with a strain gauge sensor and presented its application for the measurement of single-cell mechanical properties. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed ultrathin glass sheet (UTGS)-based cantilever is easier to fabricate, has better physical and chemical properties, and shows a high linear relationship between resistance change and applied small force or displacement. The sensitivity of the cantilever is 15 μN μm-1 and the minimum detectable displacement at the current development stage is 500 nm, which is sufficient for cell stiffness measurement. The cantilever also possesses excellent optical transparency that supports real-time observation during measurement. We first calibrated the cantilever by measuring the Young's modulus of PDMS with known specific stiffness, and then we demonstrated the measurement of Xenopus oocytes and fertilized eggs in different statuses. By further optimizing the UTGS-based cantilever, we can extend its applicability to various measurements of different cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Yuan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Doudou Ma
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Xun Liu
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Tao Tang
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, P. R. China
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gorobets O, Gorobets S, Sharai I, Polyakova T, Zablotskii V. Interaction of magnetic fields with biogenic magnetic nanoparticles on cell membranes: Physiological consequences for organisms in health and disease. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 151:108390. [PMID: 36746089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction mechanisms between magnetic fields (MFs) and living systems, which remained hidden for more than a hundred years, continue to attract the attention of researchers from various disciplines: physics, biology, medicine, and life sciences. Revealing these mechanisms at the cellular level would allow to understand complex cell systems and could help to explain and predict cell responses to MFs, intervene in organisms' reactions to MFs of different strengths, directions, and spatial distributions. We suggest several new physical mechanisms of the MF impacts on endothelial and cancer cells by the MF interaction with chains of biogenic and non-biogenic magnetic nanoparticles on cell membranes. The revealed mechanisms can play a hitherto unexpected role in creating physiological responses of organisms to externally applied MFs. We have also a set of theoretical models that can predict how cells will individually and collectively respond to a MF exposure. The physiological sequences of the MF - cell interactions for organisms in health and disease are discussed. The described effects and their underlying mechanisms are general and should take place in a large family of biological effects of MFs. The results are of great importance for further developing novel approaches in cell biology, cell therapy and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine; Institute of Magnetism of NAS and MES of Ukraine, Ukraine.
| | - Svitlana Gorobets
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sharai
- National Technical University of Ukraine, "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ukraine; Institute of Magnetism of NAS and MES of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li W, Li J, Wu Y, Zhou T. A Novel Method in Identifying Pyroptosis and Apoptosis Based on the Double Resonator Piezoelectric Cytometry Technology. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:356. [PMID: 36979568 PMCID: PMC10046136 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a double resonator piezoelectric cytometry (DRPC) technology based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was first employed to identify HeLa cell pyroptosis and apoptosis by monitoring cells' mechanical properties in a real-time and non-invasive manner. AT and BT cut quartz crystals with the same frequency and surface conditions were used concurrently to quantify the cells-exerted surface stress (ΔS). It is the first time that cells-exerted surface stress (ΔS) and cell viscoelasticity have been monitored simultaneously during pyroptosis and apoptosis. The results showed that HeLa pyroptotic cells exerted a tensile stress on quartz crystal along with an increase in the elastic modulus (G'), viscous modulus (G″), and a decrease of the loss tangent (G″/G'), whereas apoptotic cells exerted increasing compressive stress on quartz crystal along with a decrease in G', G″ and an increase in G″/G'. Furthermore, engineered GSDMD-/--DEVD- HeLa cells were used to investigate drug-induced disturbance and testify the mechanical responses during the processes of pyroptosis and non-pyroptosis. These findings demonstrated that the DRPC technology can serve as a precise cytomechanical sensor capable of identifying pyroptosis and apoptosis, providing a novel method in cell death detection and paving the road for pyroptosis and apoptosis related drug evaluation and screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Li
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanyang Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiean Zhou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Cell Mechanics and Function Analysis, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han SJ, Kwon S, Kim KS. Contribution of mechanical homeostasis to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1119-1136. [PMID: 36149601 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to other parts of the body via the lymphatic system and bloodstream. With tremendous effort over the past decades, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of metastatic processes. Metastasis occurs through five steps, including infiltration and migration, intravasation, survival, extravasation, and colonization. Various molecular and cellular factors involved in the metastatic process have been identified, such as epigenetic factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell-cell interactions, soluble signaling, adhesion molecules, and mechanical stimuli. However, the underlying cause of cancer metastasis has not been elucidated. CONCLUSION In this review, we have focused on changes in the mechanical properties of cancer cells and their surrounding environment to understand the causes of cancer metastasis. Cancer cells have unique mechanical properties that distinguish them from healthy cells. ECM stiffness is involved in cancer cell growth, particularly in promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During tumorigenesis, the mechanical properties of cancer cells change in the direction opposite to their environment, resulting in a mechanical stress imbalance between the intracellular and extracellular domains. Disruption of mechanical homeostasis may be one of the causes of EMT that triggers the metastasis of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se Jik Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Sook Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Su Z, Chen Z, Ma K, Chen H, Ho JWK. Molecular determinants of intrinsic cellular stiffness in health and disease. Biophys Rev 2022; 14:1197-1209. [PMID: 36345276 PMCID: PMC9636357 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-022-00997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role of intrinsic biophysical features, especially cellular stiffness, in diverse cellular and disease processes is being increasingly recognized. New high throughput techniques for the quantification of cellular stiffness facilitate the study of their roles in health and diseases. In this review, we summarized recent discovery about how cellular stiffness is involved in cell stemness, tumorigenesis, and blood diseases. In addition, we review the molecular mechanisms underlying the gene regulation of cellular stiffness in health and disease progression. Finally, we discussed the current understanding on how the cytoskeleton structure and the regulation of these genes contribute to cellular stiffness, highlighting where the field of cellular stiffness is headed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zezhuo Su
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Zhenlin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Kun Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Joshua W. K. Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baric properties of quantum dots of the type of core (CdSe)-multilayer shell (ZnS/CdS/ZnS) for biomedical applications. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
24
|
Tahmasebipour A, Begley M, Meinhart C. Acoustophoresis of a resonant elastic microparticle in a viscous fluid medium. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 151:3083. [PMID: 35649929 DOI: 10.1121/10.0010418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work presents three-dimensional (3D) numerical analysis of acoustic radiation force on an elastic microsphere suspended in a viscous fluid. Acoustophoresis of finite-sized, neutrally buoyant, nearly incompressible soft particles may improve by orders of magnitude and change directions when going through resonant vibrations. These findings offer the potential to manipulate and separate microparticles based on their resonance frequency. This concept has profound implications in cell and microparticle handling, 3D printing, and enrichment in lab-on-chip applications. The existing analytical body of work can predict spheroidal harmonics of an elastic sphere and acoustic radiation force based on monopole and dipole scatter in an ideal fluid. However, little attention is given to the complex interplay of resonant fluid and solid bodies that generate acoustic radiation. The finite element method is used to find resonant modes, damping factors, and acoustic forces of an elastic sphere subject to a standing acoustic wave. Under fundamental spheroidal modes, the radiation force fluctuates significantly around analytical values due to constructive or destructive scatter-incident wave interference. This suggests that for certain materials, relevant to acoustofluidic applications, particle resonances are an important scattering mechanism and design parameter. The 3D model may be applied to any number of particles regardless of geometry or background acoustic field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tahmasebipour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Matthew Begley
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Carl Meinhart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oevreeide IH, Szydlak R, Luty M, Ahmed H, Prot V, Skallerud BH, Zemła J, Lekka M, Stokke BT. On the Determination of Mechanical Properties of Aqueous Microgels-Towards High-Throughput Characterization. Gels 2021; 7:64. [PMID: 34072792 PMCID: PMC8261632 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous microgels are distinct entities of soft matter with mechanical signatures that can be different from their macroscopic counterparts due to confinement effects in the preparation, inherently made to consist of more than one domain (Janus particles) or further processing by coating and change in the extent of crosslinking of the core. Motivated by the importance of the mechanical properties of such microgels from a fundamental point, but also related to numerous applications, we provide a perspective on the experimental strategies currently available and emerging tools being explored. Albeit all techniques in principle exploit enforcing stress and observing strain, the realization differs from directly, as, e.g., by atomic force microscope, to less evident in a fluid field combined with imaging by a high-speed camera in high-throughput strategies. Moreover, the accompanying analysis strategies also reflect such differences, and the level of detail that would be preferred for a comprehensive understanding of the microgel mechanical properties are not always implemented. Overall, the perspective is that current technologies have the capacity to provide detailed, nanoscopic mechanical characterization of microgels over an extended size range, to the high-throughput approaches providing distributions over the mechanical signatures, a feature not readily accessible by atomic force microscopy and micropipette aspiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Haga Oevreeide
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (I.H.O.); (H.A.)
| | - Renata Szydlak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (R.S.); (M.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Marcin Luty
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (R.S.); (M.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Husnain Ahmed
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (I.H.O.); (H.A.)
| | - Victorien Prot
- Biomechanics, Department of Structural Engineering, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (V.P.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Bjørn Helge Skallerud
- Biomechanics, Department of Structural Engineering, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (V.P.); (B.H.S.)
| | - Joanna Zemła
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (R.S.); (M.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland; (R.S.); (M.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Bjørn Torger Stokke
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; (I.H.O.); (H.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yurtsever A, Yoshida T, Badami Behjat A, Araki Y, Hanayama R, Fukuma T. Structural and mechanical characteristics of exosomes from osteosarcoma cells explored by 3D-atomic force microscopy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6661-6677. [PMID: 33885545 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes have recently gained interest as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and as potential biomarkers for cancer and other diseases. They also have potential as nanocarriers for drug delivery systems. Therefore, detailed structural, molecular, and biomechanical characterization of exosomes is of great importance for developing methods to detect and identify the changes associated with the presence of cancer and other diseases. Here, we employed three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM) to reveal the structural and nanomechanical properties of exosomes at high spatial resolution in physiologically relevant conditions. The substructural details of exosomes released from three different cell types were determined based on 3D-AFM force mapping. The resulting analysis revealed the presence of distinct local domains bulging out from the exosome surfaces, which were associated with the exosomal membrane proteins present on the outer surface. The nanomechanical properties of individual exosomes were determined from the 3D-force maps. We found a considerably high elastic modulus, ranging from 50 to 350 MPa, as compared to that obtained for synthetic liposomes. Moreover, malignancy-dependent changes in the exosome mechanical properties were revealed by comparing metastatic and nonmetastatic tumor cell-derived exosomes. We found a clear difference in their Young's modulus values, suggesting differences in their protein profiles and other exosomal contents. Exosomes derived from a highly aggressive and metastatic k-ras-activated human osteosarcoma (OS) cell line (143B) showed a higher Young's modulus than that derived from a nonaggressive and nonmetastatic k-ras-wildtype human OS cell line (HOS). The increased elastic modulus of the 143B cell-derived exosomes was ascribed to the presence of abundant specific proteins responsible for elastic fiber formation as determined by mass spectroscopy and confirmed by western blotting and ELISA. Therefore, we conclude that exosomes derived from metastatic tumor cells carry an exclusive protein content that differs from their nonmetastatic counterparts, and thus they exhibit different mechanical characteristics. Discrimination between metastatic and nonmetastatic malignant cell-derived exosomes would be of great importance for studying exosome biological functions and using them as diagnostic biomarkers for various tumor types. Our findings further suggest that metastatic tumor cells release exosomes that express increased levels of elastic fiber-associated proteins to preserve their softness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Yurtsever
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-Nano LSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kar S, Katti DR, Katti KS. Evaluation of quasi-static and dynamic nanomechanical properties of bone-metastatic breast cancer cells using a nanoclay cancer testbed. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3096. [PMID: 33542384 PMCID: PMC7862348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in investigating the mechanical properties of individual cells to delineate disease mechanisms. Reorganization of cytoskeleton facilitates the colonization of metastatic breast cancer at bone marrow space, leading to bone metastasis. Here, we report evaluation of mechanical properties of two breast cancer cells with different metastatic ability at the site of bone metastases, using quasi-static and dynamic nanoindentation methods. Our results showed that the significant reduction in elastic modulus along with increased liquid-like behavior of bone metastasized MCF-7 cells was induced by depolymerization and reorganization of F-actin to the adherens junctions, whereas bone metastasized MDA-MB-231 cells showed insignificant changes in elastic modulus and F-actin reorganization over time, compared to their respective as-received counterparts. Taken together, our data demonstrate evolution of breast cancer cell mechanics at bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kar
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Dinesh R Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Kalpana S Katti
- Center for Engineered Cancer Test Beds, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|