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Zhao Q, Hu Y, Yan Y, Song X, Yu J, Wang W, Zhou S, Su X, Bloch MH, Leckman JF, Chen Y, Sun H. The effects of Shaoma Zhijing granules and its main components on Tourette syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155686. [PMID: 38759346 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome (TS) represents a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an uncertain etiology and influencing factors. Frequently, it co-occurs with conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and sleep disturbances, which have garnered substantial attention from the research community in recent years. Clinical trials have demonstrated that Shaoma Zhijing Granules (SMZJG, 5-ling granule, also known as TSupport or T92 under U.S. development), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, is an effective treatment for TS. PURPOSE To conduct scientometric analysis on developing trends, research countries and institutions, current status, hot spots of TS and discuss the underlying mechanisms of SMZJG and its main components on TS. The aim is to provide valuable reference for ongoing clinical and basic research on TS and SMZJG. STUDY DESIGN & METHODS Using Tourette syndrome, SMZJG and its main components along with their synonyms as keywords, we conducted a comprehensive search across major scientific databases including the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. A total of 5952 references and 99 patents were obtained. Among these, 5039 articles and reviews, as well as 54 patents were analyzed by Citespace and VOSviewer software. RESULTS The available evidence indicates that the SMZJG's components likely exert their mechanisms in treating TS by regulating the dopaminergic pathway system, neurotransmitter imbalances, reducing neuroinflammation, promoting the repair of nerve damage and improving sleep disorders. CONCLUSION This comprehensive analysis lays the foundation for an extensive exploration of the feasibility and clinical applications of SMZJG in TS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yiman Yan
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xujiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xuefeng Su
- Tasly Pharmaceuticals Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael H Bloch
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - James F Leckman
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Yibing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - He Sun
- Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization. Tianjin 300193, China; Tasly Pharmaceuticals Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Yi LX, Tan EK, Zhou ZD. Passive immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: challenges & future directions. J Transl Med 2024; 22:430. [PMID: 38715084 PMCID: PMC11075320 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Passive immunotherapy with specific antibodies targeting Amyloid β (Aβ) peptide or tubulin-associated unit (tau) protein has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, in a recent phase III clinical study, Sperling et al. (N Engl J Med 10.1056/NEJMoa2305032, 2023) reported that solanezumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting Aβ peptide, failed to slow cognitive decline in AD patients. Previously, three other anti-Aβ antibodies, bapineuzumab, crenezumab, and gantenerumab, have also failed to show similar beneficial effects. In addition, three humanized antibodies targeting tau protein failed in their phase II trials. However, other anti-Aβ antibodies, such as lecanemab (a humanized mAb binds to soluble Aβ protofibrils), donanemab (a humanized mAb binds to insoluble, N-terminal truncated form of Aβ peptides) and aducanumab (a human mAb binds to the aggregated form of Aβ), have been shown to slow the decline of cognitive functions in early stage AD patients. The specific targets used in passive immunotherapy in these clinical trials may explain the divergent clinical outcomes. There are several challenges and limitations of passive immunotherapy using anti-Aβ antibodies and long term longitudinal studies are needed to assess their efficacy, side effects and cost effectiveness in a wider spectrum of subjects, from pre-dementia to more advanced dementia. A combination therapeutic approach using both anti-Aβ antibodies and other pharmaceutical agents should also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao Yi
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 30843, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 30843, Singapore.
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Dong Zhou
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 30843, Singapore.
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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Wang R, Du Y, Shao W, Wang J, Liu X, Xu X, Chen G, Sun Y. Identification of immunogenic cell death-related genes involved in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3786. [PMID: 38360834 PMCID: PMC10869701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54357-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide, with recent studies highlighting the potential role of immunogenic cell death (ICD) in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder. A total of 52 healthy controls and 64 patients with AD were included. Compared to the controls, the patients with AD exhibited 2392 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 1015 and 1377 were upregulated and downregulated genes, respectively. Among them, nine common genes were identified by intersecting the AD-related module genes with the DEGs and ICD-associated genes. Gene ontology (GO)analysis further revealed "positive regulation of cytokine production" as the most significant term. Moreover, the enriched molecular functions were primarily related to the inflammatory body complex, while the overlapping genes were significantly enriched in lipopolysaccharide binding. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis also indicated that these overlapping genes were mainly enriched in immunity, inflammation, and lipid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, the following four hub genes were detected using machine learning algorithms: P2RX7, HSP90AA1, NT5E, and NLRP3. These genes demonstrated significant differences in expression between the AD and healthy control groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the area under the curve values of these four genes were all > 0.7, indicating their potential diagnostic value for AD. We further validated the protein levels of these four genes in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD and C57BL/6J mice, showing P2RX7 and HSP90AA1 expression levels consistent with the previously analyzed trends. Finally, the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm provided additional evidence by demonstrating the crucial role of immune cell infiltration and its link with the hub genes in AD progression. Our study results suggest that ICD-mediated elevation of HSP90AA1 and P2RX7 levels and the resulting induction of tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation are vital in the AD pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Yaming Du
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Xinzi Xu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Guohua Chen
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 16 Huangjiahu West Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, 215 Zhongshan Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
| | - Yixuan Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), 54 Youdian Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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Li FR, Yu Y, Du YM, Kong L, Liu Y, Wang JH, Chen MH, Liu M, Zhang ZX, Li XT, Ju RJ. Borneol-Modified Schisandrin B Micelles Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier To Treat Alzheimer's Disease in Aged Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:593-607. [PMID: 38214579 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Schisandrin B (Sch B) is a bioactive dibenzocyclooctadiene derizative that is prevalent in the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that Sch B has a neuroprotective action by reducing oxidative stress and effectively preventing inflammation. It follows that Sch B is a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the drug's solubility, bioavailability, and lower permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can all reduce its efficacy during the therapy process. Therefore, this study constructed borneol-modified schisandrin B micelles (Bor-Sch B-Ms), which increase brain targeting by accurately delivering medications to the brain, effectively improving bioavailability. High therapeutic efficacy has been achieved at the pathological site. Methods: Bor-Sch B-Ms were prepared using the thin film dispersion approach in this article. On the one hand, to observe the targeting effect of borneol, we constructed a blood-brain barrier (BBB) model in vitro and studied the ability of micelles to cross the BBB. On the other hand, the distribution of micelle drugs and their related pharmacological effects on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage were studied through in vivo administration in mice. Results: In vitro studies have demonstrated that the drug uptake of bEnd.3 cells was increased by the borneol alteration on the surface of the nano micelles, implying that Bor-Sch B-Ms can promote the therapeutic effect of N2a cells. This could result in more medicines entering the BBB. In addition, in vivo studies revealed that the distribution and circulation time of medications in the brain tissue were significantly higher than those in other groups, making it more suitable for the treatment of central nervous system diseases. Conclusion: As a novel nanodrug delivery system, borneol modified schisandrin B micelles have promising research prospects in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Rui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yu-Meng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Qingyuan Road 19, Beijing 102617, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jia-Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mu-Han Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Mo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Zi-Xu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Rui-Jun Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Enze Biomass Fine Chemicals, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Qingyuan Road 19, Beijing 102617, China
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Astillero-Lopez V, Villar-Conde S, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Flores-Cuadrado A, Ubeda-Banon I, Saiz-Sanchez D, Martinez-Marcos A. Proteomic analysis identifies HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2 in the human entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease: Potential role in synaptic homeostasis and Aβ pathology through microglial and astroglial cells. Brain Pathol 2024:e13235. [PMID: 38247340 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, is clinically characterized by cognitive deficits. Neuropathologically, AD brains accumulate deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau proteins. Furthermore, these misfolded proteins can propagate from cell to cell in a prion-like manner and induce native proteins to become pathological. The entorhinal cortex (EC) is among the earliest areas affected by tau accumulation along with volume reduction and neurodegeneration. Neuron-glia interactions have recently come into focus; however, the role of microglia and astroglia in the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. Proteomic approaches allow the determination of changes in the proteome to better understand the pathology underlying AD. Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data was performed to compare ECs from AD and non-AD human brain tissue. To validate the proteomic results, western blot, immunofluorescence, and confocal studies were carried out. The findings revealed that the most disturbed signaling pathway was synaptogenesis. Because of their involvement in synapse function, relationship with Aβ and tau proteins and interactions in the pathway analysis, three proteins were selected for in-depth study: HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2. All these proteins showed colocalization with neurons and/or astroglia and microglia and with pathological Aβ and tau proteins. In particular, ANXA2, which is overexpressed in AD, colocalized with amoeboid microglial cells and Aβ plaques surrounded by astrocytes. Taken together, the evidence suggests that unbalanced expression of HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2 may play a significant role in synaptic homeostasis and Aβ pathology through microglial and astroglial cells in the human EC in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Astillero-Lopez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Sandra Villar-Conde
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Melania Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Alicia Flores-Cuadrado
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Isabel Ubeda-Banon
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Daniel Saiz-Sanchez
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Alino Martinez-Marcos
- Neuroplasticity and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, CRIB, Ciudad Real Medical School, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ciudad Real, Spain
- Grupo de Neuroplasticidad y Neurodegeneración, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
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Zhao S, Zhang J, Chen Y, Cui X, Liu H, Yan Y, Sun Y, Qi Y, Liu Y. The comprehensive mechanism underlying Schisandra polysaccharide in AD-like symptoms of Aβ25-35-induced rats based on hippocampal metabolomics and serum lipidomics techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115717. [PMID: 37716276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
As is well documented, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Meanwhile, Schisandra polysaccharide (SCP) has been reported to exert a protective effect on the nervous system and can regulate metabolic disorders in AD-like symptoms of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) 25-35-induced rats. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms and metabolic markers for the diagnosis of AD are yet to be determined. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect and potential mechanism of action of SCP in AD-like symptoms of Aβ25-35-induced rats by combining pharmacodynamics, metabolomics, and lipidomics. The pharmacodynamic results revealed that SCP significantly improved the spatial learning and long-term memory function and the morphology of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region, alleviated inflammatory damage and oxidative stress, inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes, and increased the proportion of mature neurons of AD-like symptoms of Aβ25-35-induced rats. The results of hippocampal metabolomics and serum lipidomics showed 46 and 48 potential biomarkers were identified for the SCP treatment of AD, respectively. The involved pathways principally comprised lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism. This study elucidates the neuroprotective effect of SCP in AD and its mechanism from the perspective of metabolomics and lipidomics and provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic effect of SCP in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Xinyuan Cui
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Ying Yan
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuexiang Sun
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yongxiu Qi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Teaching Experimental Center, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271000, China.
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Mo H, Kim J, Kim JY, Kim JW, Han H, Choi SH, Rim YA, Ju JH. Intranasal administration of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical neural stem cell-secretome as a treatment option for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:50. [PMID: 37946307 PMCID: PMC10634159 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly, resulting in gradual destruction of cognitive abilities. Research on the development of various AD treatments is underway; however, no definitive treatment has been developed yet. Herein, we present induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neural stem cell secretome (CNSC-SE) as a new treatment candidate for AD and explore its efficacy. METHODS We first assessed the effects of CNSC-SE treatment on neural maturation and electromagnetic signal during cortical nerve cell differentiation. Then to confirm the efficacy in vivo, CNSC-SE was administered to the 5×FAD mouse model through the nasal cavity (5 μg/g, once a week, 4 weeks). The cell-mediated effects on nerve recovery, amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque aggregation, microglial and astrocyte detection in the brain, and neuroinflammatory responses were investigated. Metabolomics analysis of iPSC-derived CNSC-SE revealed that it contained components that could exert neuro-protective effects or amplify cognitive restorative effects. RESULTS Human iPSC-derived CNSC-SE increased neuronal proliferation and dendritic structure formation in vitro. Furthermore, CNSC-SE-treated iPSC-derived cortical neurons acquired electrical network activity and action potential bursts. The 5×FAD mice treated with CNSC-SE showed memory restoration and reduced Aβ plaque accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the iPSC-derived CNSC-SE may serve as a potential, non-invasive therapeutic option for AD in reducing amyloid infiltration and restoring memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyung Mo
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Juryun Kim
- YiPSCELL, Inc, Omnibus Park, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer Yejean Kim
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 3700 O St NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jang Woon Kim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeju Han
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hwa Choi
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeri Alice Rim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- YiPSCELL, Inc, Omnibus Park, Banpo-daero 222, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Yao X, Xu X, Hu K, Yang Z, Deng S. BANF1 promotes glutamate-induced apoptosis of HT-22 hippocampal neurons. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9441-9452. [PMID: 37838622 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamate exposure was fatal to HT-22 neuronal cells that derived from mouse hippocampus. This is often used as a model for hippocampus neurodegeneration in vitro. The targets relevant to glutamate-induced neuronal toxicity is not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to identify crucial factors associated with glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT-22 cells. METHODS HT-22 cells were treated with 7.5 mM glutamate for 24 h and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis conducted to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Differential proteins were subjected to Gene Ontology analyses. Upregulation of barrier to autointegration factor (BANF1/BANF1) protein was confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Cell viability was measured by CKK-8 and MTT assays. Cell apoptosis rates and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS A total of 5811 proteins were quantified by iTRAQ, 50 of which were recognized as significantly differential proteins (fold change ≥ 1.5 and P ≤ 0.05); 26 proteins were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated after exposure to glutamate. GO enrichment analysis showed that the apoptotic signaling pathway was involved in cell death induced by glutamate. BANF1 expression level was markedly increased in HT-22 cells after glutamate treatment. Further, knockdown of BANF1 alleviated glutamate-mediated cell death with lower ROS levels. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we successfully filtered out differential proteins relevant to glutamate-mediated cytotoxicity. BANF1 upregulation promoted glutamate-induced apoptosis of HT-22 cells by enhancing ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunhua Hu
- Proteomics Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Medical College of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhaoshou Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/School of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shaodong Deng
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523710, Guangdong, China.
- Scientific Research Platform, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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Zhou JC, Li HL, Zhou Y, Li XT, Yang ZY, Tohda C, Komatsu K, Piao XH, Ge YW. The roles of natural triterpenoid saponins against Alzheimer's disease. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5017-5040. [PMID: 37491018 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The aging of the world population and increasing stress levels in life are the major cause of the increased incidence of neurological disorders. Alzheimer's disease (AD) creates a huge burden on the lives and health of individuals and has become a big concern for society. Triterpenoid saponins (TS), representative natural product components, have a wide range of pharmacological bioactivities such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, antiapoptosis, hormone-like, and gut microbiota regulation. Notably, some natural TS exhibited promising neuroprotective activity that can intervene in AD progress, especially in the early stage. Recently, studies have indicated that TS play a pronounced positive role in the prevention and treatment of AD. This review discusses the recent research on the neuroprotection of TS and proceeds to detail the action mechanisms of TS against AD, hoping to provide a reference for drug development for anti-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Chun Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Lin Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Tao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-You Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Institute of Nutrition and Marine Drugs, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Xiu-Hong Piao
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Wei Ge
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Innovative team of research on effective substances of traditional Chinese medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Almaguer J, Hindle A, Lawrence JJ. The Contribution of Hippocampal All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Deficiency to Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Overview of ATRA-Dependent Gene Expression in Post-Mortem Hippocampal Tissue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1921. [PMID: 38001775 PMCID: PMC10669734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that vitamin A (VA) deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a metabolite of VA in the brain, serves distinct roles in the human hippocampus. Agonists of retinoic acid receptors (RAR), including ATRA, promote activation of the non-amyloidogenic pathway by enhancing expression of α-secretases, providing a mechanistic basis for delaying/preventing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity. However, whether ATRA is actually deficient in the hippocampi of patients with AD is not clear. Here, using a publicly available human transcriptomic dataset, we evaluated the extent to which ATRA-sensitive genes are dysregulated in hippocampal tissue from post-mortem AD brains, relative to age-matched controls. Consistent with ATRA deficiency, we found significant dysregulation of many ATRA-sensitive genes and significant upregulation of RAR co-repressors, supporting the idea of transcriptional repression of ATRA-mediated signaling. Consistent with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, Nrf2 and NfkB transcripts were upregulated, respectively. Interestingly, transcriptional targets of Nrf2 were not upregulated, accompanied by upregulation of several histone deacetylases. Overall, our investigation of ATRA-sensitive genes in the human hippocampus bolsters the scientific premise of ATRA depletion in AD and that epigenetic factors should be considered and addressed as part of VA supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Almaguer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Ashly Hindle
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience and Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - J. Josh Lawrence
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, and Center of Excellence for Integrated Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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11
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Tandoro Y, Chen BK, Ali A, Wang CK. Review of Phytochemical Potency as a Natural Anti- Helicobacter pylori and Neuroprotective Agent. Molecules 2023; 28:7150. [PMID: 37894629 PMCID: PMC10609179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are plant secondary metabolites that show health benefits for humans due to their bioactivity. There is a huge variety of phytochemicals that have already been identified, and these compounds can act as antimicrobial and neuroprotection agents. Due to their anti-microbial activity and neuroprotection, several phytochemicals might have the potency to be used as natural therapeutic agents, especially for Helicobacter pylori infection and neurodegenerative disease, which have become a global health concern nowadays. According to previous research, there are some connections between H. pylori infection and neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease. Hence, this comprehensive review examines different kinds of phytochemicals from natural sources as potential therapeutic agents to reduce H. pylori infection and improve neurodegenerative disease. An additional large-scale study is needed to establish the connection between H. pylori infection and neurodegenerative disease and how phytochemicals could improve this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanes Tandoro
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Widya Mandala Catholic University Surabaya, Surabaya 60265, Indonesia
| | - Bo-Kai Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Asif Ali
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Section 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (Y.T.); (B.-K.C.); (A.A.)
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12
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Moyano P, Sola E, Naval MV, Guerra-Menéndez L, Fernández MDLC, del Pino J. Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Induced by Environmental Pollutants: Heat Shock Proteins and Proteasome as Promising Therapeutic Tools. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2048. [PMID: 37631262 PMCID: PMC10458078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants' (EPs) amount and diversity have increased in recent years due to anthropogenic activity. Several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are theorized to be related to EPs, as their incidence has increased in a similar way to human EPs exposure and they reproduce the main ND hallmarks. EPs induce several neurotoxic effects, including accumulation and gradual deposition of misfolded toxic proteins, producing neuronal malfunction and cell death. Cells possess different mechanisms to eliminate these toxic proteins, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the proteasome system. The accumulation and deleterious effects of toxic proteins are induced through HSPs and disruption of proteasome proteins' homeostatic function by exposure to EPs. A therapeutic approach has been proposed to reduce accumulation of toxic proteins through treatment with recombinant HSPs/proteasome or the use of compounds that increase their expression or activity. Our aim is to review the current literature on NDs related to EP exposure and their relationship with the disruption of the proteasome system and HSPs, as well as to discuss the toxic effects of dysfunction of HSPs and proteasome and the contradictory effects described in the literature. Lastly, we cover the therapeutic use of developed drugs and recombinant proteasome/HSPs to eliminate toxic proteins and prevent/treat EP-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Moyano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Emma Sola
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Victoria Naval
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Bothanic, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Guerra-Menéndez
- Department of Physiology, Medicine School, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria De la Cabeza Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier del Pino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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13
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Zhang R, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Lv N, Wang L, Gan J, Li Y, Jiang X, Yang L. Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease: Saponins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10505. [PMID: 37445682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug development for Alzheimer's disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been a long-standing challenge. Saponins, which are steroid or triterpenoid glycosides with various pharmacological activities, have displayed therapeutic potential in treating Alzheimer's disease. In a comprehensive review of the literature from May 2007 to May 2023, we identified 63 references involving 40 different types of saponins that have been studied for their effects on Alzheimer's disease. These studies suggest that saponins have the potential to ameliorate Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. Most intriguingly, ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11 possess these important pharmacological properties and show the best promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a summary and classification of common saponins that have been studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms. This highlights the promising potential of saponins for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yawen Li
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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14
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Du J, Zhang F, Chen M, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Dong L, Dong D, Wu B. Jujuboside A ameliorates cognitive deficiency in delirium through promoting hippocampal E4BP4 in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:rgad057. [PMID: 37330271 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delirium (acute brain syndrome) is a common and serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by an acute decline in cognitive function. However, there is no effective treatment clinically. Here we investigated the potential effect of jujuboside A (JuA, a natural triterpenoid saponin) on cognitive impairment in delirium. METHODS Delirium models of mice were established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus midazolam and implementing a jet lag protocol. Novel object recognition test and Y maze test were used to evaluate the effects of JuA on delirium-associated cognitive impairment. The mRNA and protein levels of relevant clock factors and inflammatory factors were measured by qPCR and Western blotting. Hippocampal Iba1+ intensity was determined by immunofluorescence staining. KEY FINDINGS JuA ameliorated delirium (particularly delirium-associated cognitive impairment) in mice, which was proved by the behavioural tests, including a preference for new objects, an increase of spontaneous alternation and improvement of locomotor activity. Furthermore, JuA inhibited the expression of ERK1/2, p-p65, TNFα and IL-1β in hippocampus, and repressed microglial activation in delirious mice. This was attributed to the increased expression of E4BP4 (a negative regulator of ERK1/2 cascade and microglial activation). Moreover, loss of E4bp4 in mice abrogated the effects of JuA on delirium as well as on ERK1/2 cascade and microglial activation in the hippocampus of delirious mice. Additionally, JuA treatment increased the expression of E4BP4 and decreased the expression of p-p65, TNFα and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, supporting a protective effect of JuA on delirium. CONCLUSIONS JuA protects against delirium-associated cognitive impairment through promoting hippocampal E4BP4 in mice. Our findings are of great significance to the drug development of JuA against delirium and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Du
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- HeBei Geo-environment Monitoring Institute, Shijiazhuang, HeBei, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojian Wu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Ju Y, Gu L, Hu M, Zheng M, Zhou X, Li Q, Zhang X. Andrographolide exerts a neuroprotective effect by regulating the LRP1-mediated PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175756. [PMID: 37179044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-associated protein 1 (LRP1) is widely expressed in neurons, microglia and astrocytes. Studies have revealed that the suppression of LRP1 expression in the brain significantly exacerbates Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neuropathology. Andrographolide (Andro) has been demonstrated to possess neuroprotective properties, although its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate whether Andro can inhibit neuroinflammation in AD by modulating the LRP1-mediated PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. In Aβ-induced BV-2 cells, Andro was found to increase cell viability and enhance the expression of LRP1, while decreasing the expression of p-NF-κB (p65) and NF-κB(p65), as well as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. In addition, when Aβ was cotreatment with Andro to BV2 cells with either LRP1 or PPARγ knockdown, increased mRNA and protein expression of p-NF-κB(p65) and NF-κB(p65), NF-κB DNA binding activity as well as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were observed. These findings suggested that Andro could attenuate Aβ induced cytotoxicity by reducing neuroinflammation which may be partly attributed to its effects on this LRP1 mediated PPARγ/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ju
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, PR China.
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16
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Zhou S, Li Y, Zhang Z, Yuan Y. An insight into the TAM system in Alzheimer's disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109791. [PMID: 36738678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The TAM receptors may help delay the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common neurodegenerative disease associated with human aging. The TAM receptors, derived from the first letter of its three constituents -Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk, are associated with immune responses, cellular differentiation and migration, and clearance of apoptotic cells and debris, with the two canonical ligands, Growth Arrest Specific 6 (Gas6) and ProS1. Several kinds of research have indicated the participation of the TAM system in AD pathology. Also, the TAMs regulate multiple features of microglia, the significant sensors of disorder in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we describe the biology of the TAM receptors and ligands in the CNS. Then, we discuss the relationship between the TAM system and AD, specially focusing on its functional expression in the microglia. Finally, we also summarize some agents that could interfere with the TAM signaling pathways and discuss potential difficulties and strategies for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yuhe Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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17
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Liu P, Zhu W, Wang Y, Ma G, Zhao H, Li P. Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds in attenuating renal injury via regulating autophagy in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1142805. [PMID: 36942026 PMCID: PMC10023817 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1142805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, and there is a lack of effective treatment strategies. Autophagy is a highly conserved lysosomal degradation process that maintains homeostasis and energy balance by removing protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Increasing evidence suggests that dysregulated autophagy may contribute to glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in the kidney under diabetic conditions. Emerging studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds may ameliorate diabetic kidney injury by regulating autophagy. In this review, we summarize that dysregulation or insufficiency of autophagy in renal cells, including podocytes, glomerular mesangial cells, and proximal tubular epithelial cells, is a key mechanism for the development of DKD, and focus on the protective effects of Chinese herbal medicine and its active compounds. Moreover, we systematically reviewed the mechanism of autophagy in DKD regulated by Chinese herb compound preparations, single herb and active compounds, so as to provide new drug candidates for clinical treatment of DKD. Finally, we also reviewed the candidate targets of Chinese herbal medicine regulating autophagy for DKD. Therefore, further research on Chinese herbal medicine with autophagy regulation and their targets is of great significance for the realization of new targeted therapies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guijie Ma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hailing Zhao, ; Ping Li,
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hailing Zhao, ; Ping Li,
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18
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Chiou JS, Chou CH, Ho MW, Tien N, Liang WM, Chiu ML, Tsai FJ, Wu YC, Chou IC, Lu HF, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li TM, Lin YJ. Effect of Chinese herbal medicine therapy on risks of all-cause mortality, infections, parasites, and circulatory-related mortality in HIV/AIDS patients with neurological diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097862. [PMID: 36937878 PMCID: PMC10020503 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Long-term living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with various adverse effects, including neurocognitive impairment. Heterogeneous neurocognitive impairment remains an important issue, affecting between 15-65% of human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients and resulting in work performance, safety, and health-related outcomes that have a heavy economic burden. Methods: We identified 1,209 HIV/AIDS patients with neurological diseases during 2010-2017. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model were used to analyze 308 CHM users and 901 non-CHM users within this population. Major CHM clusters were determined using association rule mining and network analysis. Results and Discussion: Results showed that CHM users had a 70% lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.16-0.58, p < 0.001) (p = 0.0007, log-rank test). Furthermore, CHM users had an 86% lower risk of infections, parasites, and circulatory-related mortality (aHR = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI):0.04-0.46, p = 0.001) (p = 0.0010, log-rank test). Association rule mining and network analysis showed that two CHM clusters were important for patients with neurological diseases. In the first CHM cluster, Huang Qin (HQ; root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), Gan Cao (GC; root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), Huang Lian (HL; root of Coptis chinensis Franch.), Jie Geng (JG; root of Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A.DC.), and Huang Bai (HB; bark of Phellodendron amurense Rupr.) were identified as important CHMs. Among them, the strongest connection strength was identified between the HL and HQ. In the second CHM cluster, Suan-Zao-Ren-Tang (SZRT) and Ye Jiao Teng (YJT; stem of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.) were identified as important CHMs with the strongest connection strength. CHMs may thus be effective in treating HIV/AIDS patients with neurological diseases, and future clinical trials are essential for the prevention of neurological dysfunction in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shiun Chiou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Healthcare, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsing Chou
- PhD Program for Health Science and Industry, College of Healthcare, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Wang Ho
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Lin Chiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Fang Lu
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Te-Mao Li, ; Ying-Ju Lin,
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Te-Mao Li, ; Ying-Ju Lin,
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19
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Li X, Zhang D, Shi H, Jing B, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Chang S, Gao L, Zhao G. Identification of pyroptosis‑related genes in neuropathic pain based on bioinformatics analysis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:46. [PMID: 36588812 PMCID: PMC9780700 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is defined as inflammation-induced programmed cell death. However, gene expression levels related to pyroptosis and their role in neuropathic pain (NP) remain unclear. The present study aimed to develop and validate an NP-predictive signature based on the genes associated with pyroptosis. Gene expression level profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify the pyroptotic genes most highly associated with NP. NP-related pyroptosis gene signature was constructed using multivariate logistic regression. A rat model of neuropathic pain was established through chronic constriction injury to analyse the inflammatory infiltration and myelin damage around the sciatic nerve, and examine the expression levels of macrophage markers S100 calcium-binding protein β (S100β) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1). Finally, flow cytometry analysis was used to examine the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell death ratio of RSC96 cells (Schwann cells), while the expression levels of LPS-induced pyroptosis-related genes in RSC96 cells were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The results demonstrated that pyroptosis-related genes (gasdermin D, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein and NLR family CARD domain containing 4) were identified to increase the risk of NP. NP-related pyroptosis signatures were constructed based on these four genes. Moreover, the high-risk group had a higher level of macrophage infiltration compared with the low-risk group, as determined by the CIBERSORT algorithm. H&E staining results showed that the myelin structure of the sciatic nerve tissue of chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats was destroyed and inflammatory cells infiltrated around neurons. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with in the sham group, the expression levels of Iba-1 and sS100β in the sciatic nerve of the CCI group were increased. Furthermore, the expression levels of cell death and pyroptosis-related genes in Schwann cells induced by LPS were increased compared with in the control group. In conclusion, an NP-related pyroptosis gene signature was constructed based on four pyroptosis-related genes and it was found that the expression of pyroptosis-related genes was upregulated in the early steps of the neuroinflammatory process in RSC96 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Huimei Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Bei Jing
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhenni Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yachun Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Shiquan Chang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Guoping Zhao or Dr Li Gao, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Guoping Zhao or Dr Li Gao, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
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20
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Wang Z, Xiao D, Ji Q, Li Y, Cai Z, Fang L, Huo H, Zhou G, Yan X, Shen L, He B. Jujuboside A attenuates sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy by inhibiting inflammation and regulating autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 947:175451. [PMID: 36502962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jujuboside A (JuA), as a main effective component of Jujubogenin, has long been known as a sedative-hypnotic drug. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential effect of JuA on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHOD Wide type C57BL/6 mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were exposed to LPS to establish myocardial toxicity models. Cardiac function of septic mice was detected by echocardiography. Moreover, the survival rate was calculated for 7 days. ELISA assays were used to analyze inflammatory factors in serum. Furthermore, western blotting, flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were performed to assess cell apoptosis and transmission electron microscopy detect the number of autophagosomes in myocardium. Finally, the expression of proteins related to pyroptosis, autophagy and oxidative stress was analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Results showed that JuA pretreatment significantly improved the survival rate and cardiac function, and suppressed systemic inflammatory response in septic mice. Further study revealed that JuA could decrease cell apoptosis and pyroptosis; instead, it strengthened autophagy in SIC. Moreover, JuA also significantly decreased oxidative stress and nitrodative stress, as evidenced by suppressing the superoxide production and downregulating iNOS and gp91 expression in vivo. In addition, the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA significantly abolished the effect of JuA on autophagic activity in SIC. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the findings indicated that JuA attenuates cardiac function via blocking inflammasome-mediated apoptosis and pyroptosis, at the same time by enhancing autophagy in SIC, heralding JuA as a potential therapy for sepsis.
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21
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Chen M, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Du J, Zhang L, Li Y, Lu D, Wang Z, Wu B. Tangeretin prevents cognitive deficit in delirium through activating RORα/γ-E4BP4 axis in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115286. [PMID: 36216079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Delirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized with acute cognitive and attentional deficits, however, the effective therapies are lacking. Here, using mouse models of delirium, we investigated the effects of tangeretin (TAN, a natural flavonoid) on cognitive impairment by assessing object preference with novel object recognition (NOR) test and spontaneous alternation with Y maze test. We found that TAN, as a RORα/γ agonist, prevented cognitive decline in delirious mice as evidenced by a normal novel object preference and increased spontaneous alternation. This was accompanied by decreased expression of ERK1/2, TNFα and IL-1β as well as diminished microglial activation in delirious mice. The protective effect of TAN on delirium was mainly attributed to increased hippocampal E4BP4 expression (a known target of RORs and a regulator of cognition in delirium through modulating the ERK1/2 cascade and microglial activation) via activation of RORα/γ. In addition, TAN treatment modulated the expression of RORα/γ target genes (such as E4bp4 and Bmal1) and inhibited the expression of TNFα and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells, supporting a beneficial effect of TAN on delirium. In conclusion, TAN is identified as a RORα/γ agonist which promotes E4BP4 expression to prevent cognitive decline in delirious mice. Our findings may have implications for drug development of TAN for prevention and treatment of various diseases associated with cognitive deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Xiao
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fugui Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhao Du
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Lu
- Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Baojian Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Molecular Rhythm and Metabolism, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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22
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He J, Wang X, Zhao D, Geng B, Xia Y. Mangiferin promotes osteogenic differentiation and alleviates osteoporosis in the ovariectomized mouse via the AXL/ERK5 pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028932. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin is a xanthone glucoside extracted from multiple plants, which has been shown to inhibit bone resorption and alleviate osteoporosis. However, the effect of purified Mangiferin on osteoporosis and its specific mechanisms is unknown. This study aimed to explore whether Mangiferin can promote osteogenic differentiation and alleviate osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and explore the potential mechanisms. Different concentrations and durations of Mangiferin were applied to MC3T3-E1 cells. The optimal concentration and duration of Mangiferin were determined by evaluating the cell viability via cell count kit-8 (CCK-8). The gene and protein expressions of AXL, ERK5, and osteogenic differentiation markers, including BMP2, Collagen1, OPN, Osterix, and Runx2, were detected using western blotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. Mangiferin was administered to OVX mice, and the severity of osteoporosis was evaluated by H and E staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), microscopic computed-tomography (micro-CT) scanning, western blotting, and immunofluorescence of bone tissue. We found that Mangiferin promoted osteogenic differentiation in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations less than 30 μM. The 30 μM Mangiferin significantly upregulated the expression of AXL, ERK5, and osteogenic differentiation, including the ALP activity, percentage of alizarin red, and the levels of osteogenic differentiation markers. However, these expression levels decreased when AXL was knocked down in MC3T3-E1 cells and it could not be rescued by Mangiferin. Mangiferin relieved osteoporosis in OVX mice without causing severe organ damage. This study concluded that Mangiferin promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells and alleviated osteoporosis in OVX mice. The potential mechanism was via the AXL/ERK5 pathway.
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23
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Tao P, Xu W, Gu S, Shi H, Wang Q, Xu Y. Traditional Chinese medicine promotes the control and treatment of dementia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1015966. [PMID: 36304171 PMCID: PMC9592982 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a syndrome that impairs learning and memory. To date, there is no effective therapy for dementia. Current prescription drugs, such as cholinesterase inhibitors, fail to improve the condition of dementia and are often accompanied by severe adverse effects. In recent years, the number of studies into the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for dementia treatment has increased, revealing a formula that could significantly improve memory and cognitive dysfunctions in animal models. TCM showed fewer adverse effects, lower costs, and improved suitability for long-term use compared with currently prescribed drugs. Due to the complexity of ingredients and variations in bioactivity of herbal medicines, the multi-target nature of the traditional Chinese formula affected the outcome of dementia therapy. Innovations in TCM will create a platform for the development of new drugs for the prevention and treatment of dementia, further strengthening and enhancing the current influence of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Tao
- Department of Nephrology Seventh People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxin Xu
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simeng Gu
- Department of Psychology, Jiangsu University Medical School, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Social Health Management, Pingshan General Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
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24
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Wu YG, Song LJ, Yin LJ, Yin JJ, Wang Q, Yu JZ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. The effects and potential of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells of the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:947-954. [PMID: 36254973 PMCID: PMC9827789 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.355747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system. During the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, stimulatory factors continuously act on the microglia causing abnormal activation and unbalanced phenotypic changes; these events have become a significant and promising area of research. In this review, we summarize the effects of microglial polarization and crosstalk with other cells in the central nervous system in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Our literature search found that phenotypic changes occur continuously in Alzheimer's disease and that microglia exhibit extensive crosstalk with astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, and penetrated peripheral innate immune cells via specific signaling pathways and cytokines. Collectively, unlike previous efforts to modulate microglial phenotypes at a single level, targeting the phenotypes of microglia and the crosstalk with other cells in the central nervous system may be more effective in reducing inflammation in the central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease. This would establish a theoretical basis for reducing neuronal death from central nervous system inflammation and provide an appropriate environment to promote neuronal regeneration in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ge Wu
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China,Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Jun Yin
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jun-Jun Yin
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases/Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, China,Institute of Brain Science/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases/Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China,Correspondence to: Cun-Gen Ma, .
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Proteinopathies: Deciphering Physiology and Mechanisms to Develop Effective Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7513-7540. [PMID: 36205914 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a cluster of diseases marked by progressive neuronal loss, axonal transport blockage, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and aggregation of misfolded proteins. NDs are more prevalent beyond the age of 50, and their symptoms often include motor and cognitive impairment. Even though various proteins are involved in different NDs, the mechanisms of protein misfolding and aggregation are very similar. Recently, several studies have discovered that, like prions, these misfolded proteins have the inherent capability of translocation from one neuron to another, thus having far-reaching implications for understanding the processes involved in the onset and progression of NDs, as well as the development of innovative therapy and diagnostic options. These misfolded proteins can also influence the transcription of other proteins and form aggregates, tangles, plaques, and inclusion bodies, which then accumulate in the CNS, leading to neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. This review demonstrates protein misfolding and aggregation in NDs, and similarities and differences between different protein aggregates have been discussed. Furthermore, we have also reviewed the disposal of protein aggregates, the various molecular machinery involved in the process, their regulation, and how these molecular mechanisms are targeted to build innovative therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. In addition, the landscape of various therapeutic interventions for targeting protein aggregation for the effective prevention or treatment of NDs has also been discussed.
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26
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Li C, Dang J, Lv Y, Fang Y, Ma C, Wang Q, Li G. The Isolation and Preparation of Samwinol from Dracocephalum heterophyllum and Prevention on Aβ 25-35-Induced Neuroinflammation in PC-12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911572. [PMID: 36232874 PMCID: PMC9570221 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dracocephalum heterophyllum (D. heterophyllum) is a traditional Chinese Tibetan medicine that has been used for the treatment of lymphitis, hepatitis, and bronchitis. However, only a few selected chemical components are currently obtained from D. heterophyllum, which limits its further pharmacological applications. In this study, we have obtained samwinol from D. heterophyllum by medium- and high-pressure liquid chromatography separation for the first time. Thereafter, we investigated the protective actions of samwinol against amyloid beta protein fragment 25-35 (Aβ25-35) induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells and explored its underlying mechanisms of action. The results indicated that samwinol could increase cell viability and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria-derived ROS, as assessed by MTT assay, Giemsa staining, and flow cytometry assay. Through Western blot analysis, it was found that samwinol substantially inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK(1/2) and promoted the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2. The data obtained from molecular docking were also consistent with the above conclusions. All of these results showed that samwinol from D. heterophyllum can display significant anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities in vitro, which are associated with the suppression of ERK/AKT phosphorylation and the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. In the future, additional in-depth mechanism studies will be carried out to provide more evidence for the potential of samwinol in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhao Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jun Dang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Yue Lv
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chengjun Ma
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qilan Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810001, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Gang Li
- Center for Mitochondria and Healthy Aging, College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (G.L.)
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Huang J. Novel brain PET imaging agents: Strategies for imaging neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010946. [PMID: 36211392 PMCID: PMC9537554 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with a concealed onset and continuous deterioration. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the prodromal stage of AD. Molecule-based imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) is critical in tracking pathophysiological changes among AD and MCI patients. PET with novel targets is a promising approach for diagnostic imaging, particularly in AD patients. Our present review overviews the current status and applications of in vivo molecular imaging toward neuroinflammation. Although radiotracers can remarkably diagnose AD and MCI patients, a variety of limitations prevent the recommendation of a single technique. Recent studies examining neuroinflammation PET imaging suggest an alternative approach to evaluate disease progression. This review concludes that PET imaging towards neuroinflammation is considered a promising approach to deciphering the enigma of the pathophysiological process of AD and MCI.
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Jujuboside A Exhibits an Antiepileptogenic Effect in the Rat Model via Protection against Traumatic Epilepsy-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7792791. [PMID: 36118077 PMCID: PMC9481365 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7792791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are the greatest source of death in trauma, and post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the common complications of TBI. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play an important role in the process of PTE. Many studies have shown that Jujuboside A has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, it is not known whether Jujuboside A has an anti-epileptic effect. The influences of Jujuboside A in the experimental FeCl3-induced model of PTE were tested by estimating the grade of seizures and performing behavioral tests. Following that, we detected oxidative stress indicators and inflammatory factors. Additionally, western blotting was used to test the protein levels of signaling molecules in MAPK pathways. In this study, Jujuboside A was found to have improved the recognition deficiency and epilepsy syndromes in the experimental rat model. Moreover, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses induced by FeCl3 injection were relieved by Jujuboside A. In addition, Jujuboside A was found to be capable of reducing the increased expression of p-P38 and p-ERK1/2 caused by iron ions. Collectively, our results demonstrated that Jujuboside A exhibits an antiepileptogenic effect by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via the p38 and ERK1/2 pathways.
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Jujuboside A ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice through down-regulating the YY1/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:656-668. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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30
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Cytosolic Hsp90 Isoform-Specific Functions and Clinical Significance. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091166. [PMID: 36139005 PMCID: PMC9496497 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone and a key regulator of proteostasis under both physiological and stress conditions. In mammals, there are two cytosolic Hsp90 isoforms: Hsp90α and Hsp90β. These two isoforms are 85% identical and encoded by two different genes. Hsp90β is constitutively expressed and essential for early mouse development, while Hsp90α is stress-inducible and not necessary for survivability. These two isoforms are known to have largely overlapping functions and to interact with a large fraction of the proteome. To what extent there are isoform-specific functions at the protein level has only relatively recently begun to emerge. There are studies indicating that one isoform is more involved in the functionality of a specific tissue or cell type. Moreover, in many diseases, functionally altered cells appear to be more dependent on one particular isoform. This leaves space for designing therapeutic strategies in an isoform-specific way, which may overcome the unfavorable outcome of pan-Hsp90 inhibition encountered in previous clinical trials. For this to succeed, isoform-specific functions must be understood in more detail. In this review, we summarize the available information on isoform-specific functions of mammalian Hsp90 and connect it to possible clinical applications.
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Qiu H, Liu X. Echinacoside Improves Cognitive Impairment by Inhibiting Aβ Deposition Through the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/PPARγ Signaling Pathways in APP/PS1 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4987-4999. [PMID: 35665898 PMCID: PMC9363339 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Echinacoside (ECH), a phenylethanoid glycoside, has protective activity in neurodegenerative disease, including anti-inflammation and antioxidation. However, the effects of ECH in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are not very clear. This present study investigates the role and mechanism of ECH in the pathological process of AD. APP/PS1 mice treated with ECH in 50 mg/kg/day for 3 months. Morris water maze, nesting test, and immunofluorescence staining used to observe whether ECH could improve AD pathology. Western blot used to study the mechanism of ECH improving AD pathology. The results showed that ECH alleviated the memory impairment of APP/PS1 mice by reducing the time of escape latency as well as increasing the times of crossing the platform and rescued the impaired ability to construct nests. In addition, ECH significantly reduced the deposition of senile plaques in the brain and decreased the expression of BACE1 in APP/PS1 mice through activating PI3K/AKT/Nrf2/PPARγ pathway. Furthermore, ECH decreased ROS formation, GP91 and 8-OHdG expression, upregulated the expression of SOD1 and SOD2 as well as activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, ECH inhibited glia cells activation, pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α release, NLRP3 inflammasome formation through TXNIP/Trx-1 signaling pathway. In conclusion, this paper reported that ECH improved cognitive function, inhibited oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in AD. Therefore, we suggest that ECH may considered as a potential drug for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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Chen Z, Yan G, Yang Y, Sun H, Zhang A, Han Y, Wang S, Wang X. Rapid characterization of chemical constituents in Naoling Pian by LC-MS combined with data processing techniques. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3431-3442. [PMID: 35855656 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Naoling Pian is a prescription composed of 15 herbs, which is mainly used for the treatment of insomnia in clinical practice. However, the chemical constituents in Naoling Pian are numerous and unclear, which hinders the interpretation of its bioactive constituents and the subsequent research on the material basis for pharmacodynamics. The purpose of this study is to develop a rapid method for identifying the chemical constituents of Naoling Pian using high-throughput ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight coupled with mass spectrometry combined with a software platform for data processing. The whole composition of Naoling Pian was characterized in positive and negative ion modes. In this experiment, an overall total of 201 constituents were identified by using reference standards, online and self-built databases matching, fragmentation rules analysis of mass spectrometry peaks with a software platform. Meanwhile, Naoling Pian was analyzed for the first time using LC-MS method, the constituents could be identified in a quick and accurate manner, and the results could provide a scientific basis for the follow-up research on the pharmacodynamic material basis and quality control of Naoling Pian. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Guangli Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Yang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
| | - Shugui Wang
- Wusuli River Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xijun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin, China
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Jujuboside A inhibits oxidative stress damage and enhances immunomodulatory capacity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through up-regulating IDO expression. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:494-505. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60176-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hu C, Zhang Z, Song G, Zhu L, Wang R, Ruan Z. Jujuboside A Ameliorates Myocardial Apoptosis and Inflammation in Rats with Coronary Heart Disease by Inhibiting PPAR- α Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:2285728. [PMID: 35783519 PMCID: PMC9249489 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2285728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a chronic disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS), which can cause myocardial ischemia, hypoxia, or necrosis, seriously threatening human health. There is an urgent need for effective treatments and drugs to reduce the various risk factors for coronary heart disease and relieve symptoms of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction in patients. Jujuboside A (JuA) is a triterpenoid saponin extracted from jujube seeds, which has various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective effects. We study the function of JuA in myocardial injury, dyslipidemia, and inflammation in the CHD rat model, to explore its potential mechanism of improving CHD. Methods A rat model of CHD was established by feeding a high-fat diet. The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6): control group, CHD group, JuA 25 mg/kg group, JuA 50 mg/kg group, and JuA 75 mg/kg group. Echocardiography was used to detect the cardiac function parameters of rats in each group, and then, hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess the histopathological injury in myocardial tissues. Levels of blood lipids, myocardial injury indexes, and inflammatory factors of rats in each group were measured by biochemical tests and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and the levels of Bax, Bcl-2, c-caspase-3, PPAR-α, p65, p-p65, IκBα, and p-IκBα protein expression in myocardial tissues were detected by western blot. Results Compared with the CHD group, JuA therapy significantly improved injury in myocardial tissue and endothelial tissue. It also strengthened cardiac function, while decreasing total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the serum and increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In addition, JuA also restrained cardiomyocytes apoptosis and inhibited the inflammatory reaction by reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression in myocardial tissues. Furthermore, administration of JuA inhibited the activation of PPAR-α pathway by preventing the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα in myocardial tissues of CHD rats. Conclusion JuA may improve cardiac function, alleviate myocardial and endothelial injury, and also ameliorate dyslipidemia and inflammatory reaction in rats with CHD, where JuA probably plays a protective role by inhibiting the activation of PPAR-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Hu
- Cardiovascular MedicineCardiovascular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225399, Jiangsu, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular MedicineCardiovascular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225399, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guixian Song
- Cardiovascular MedicineCardiovascular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225399, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Cardiovascular MedicineCardiovascular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225399, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruzhu Wang
- Cardiovascular MedicineCardiovascular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225399, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongbao Ruan
- Cardiovascular MedicineCardiovascular Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou 225399, Jiangsu, China
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Zhu S, Liu F, Zhang R, Xiong Z, Zhang Q, Hao L, Chen S. Neuroprotective Potency of Neolignans in Magnolia officinalis Cortex Against Brain Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857449. [PMID: 35784755 PMCID: PMC9244706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neurological diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and stroke are one of the main causes of death in the world. At the same time, the incidence of psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety has been increasing. Accumulating elderly and stressed people suffer from these brain disorders, which is undoubtedly a huge burden on the modern aging society. Neolignans, the main active ingredients in Magnolia officinalis cortex, were reported to have neuroprotective effects. In addition, the key bioactive ingredients of neolignans, magnolol (1) and honokiol (2), were proved to prevent and treat neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders by protecting nerve cells and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Furthermore, neolignans played a role in protecting nerve cells via regulation of neuronal function, suppression of neurotoxicity, etc. This review summarizes the neuroprotective effect, primary mechanisms of the leading neolignans and provides new prospects for the treatment of brain disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Liu, ; Shiyin Chen,
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongxiang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Hao
- Huarun Sanjiu (ya’an) Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD., Ya’an, China
| | - Shiyin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Liu, ; Shiyin Chen,
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Li H, Li J, Zhang T, Xie X, Gong J. Antidepressant effect of Jujuboside A on corticosterone-induced depression in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 620:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang J, Yang Y, Li W, Wu S, Han C. The role of the novel small molecule QUIN-A in suppressing neuroinflammation and its target. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The lncRNA Punisher Regulates Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Homeostasis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Targeting miR-664a-5p and OPA1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5477024. [PMID: 35663194 PMCID: PMC9159832 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5477024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of various cellular functions. Recent studies have shown that a novel lncRNA termed Punisher is highly expressed in cardiovascular progenitors and has potential role in cardiovascular diseases. However, its role, especially in molecular mechanism, is unclear. In our present study, we observed that Punisher was obviously downregulated in atherosclerotic plaques. Further research proved that it can suppress the apoptosis of VSMCs potentially contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis. Intriguingly, Punisher revealed to regulate mitochondria fission as well as mitochondrial functions induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in VSMCs. Mechanistically, Punisher was further proved to serve as a ceRNA which directly binds to miR-664a-5p and consequently regulates its target OPA1, and finally contributes to the biological function of VSMCs. Particularly, Punisher overexpression distinctly suppressed neointima formation and VSMC apoptosis in vivo. Encouragingly, these results were in accordance with findings obtained with the clinical evaluation of patients with atherosclerosis. Our data provides the significant relationship among OPA1, mitochondrial homeostasis, VSMC apoptosis, and atherosclerosis. And lncRNA Punisher and miR-664a-5p could serve as the novel and potential targets in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Zhang M, Liu J, Zhang Y, Xie J. Zizyphi Spinosae Semen: a natural herb resource for treating neurological disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1379-1391. [PMID: 35578851 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220516113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders generally have the characteristics of occult onset and progressive development, which can do some serious damage to human body in the aging process. It is worth noting that traditional medicine can potentially prevent and treat such diseases. Zizyphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa it has a long clinical history for sleep regulation. In recent years, ZSS has been proved to exhibit various types of neuroprotective activity, such as sleep improvement, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, memory improvement and etc. It has become a popular natural product due to its many inherently available compounds that demonstrate medicinal and pharmacological importance. This paper reviews the main components and their metabolic transformation processes, highlights the various neurofunctional regulation activities and their mechanisms of ZSS, providing a theoretical basis for further research and clinical application of this natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jinrui Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Wang D, Ho C, Bai N. Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
: An updated review on pharmacological activity, quality control, and application. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14153. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Chi‐Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science Rutgers University New Brunswick New Jersey USA
| | - Naisheng Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology Northwest University Xi'an China
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Taheri F, Taghizadeh E, Navashenaq JG, Rezaee M, Gheibihayat SM. The role of efferocytosis in neuro-degenerative diseases. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1593-1603. [PMID: 35059903 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Efferocytosis has a critical role in maintaining tissues and organs' homeostasis by removing apoptotic cells. It is essential for human health, and disturbances in efferocytosis may result indifferent illnesses. In case of inadequate clearance of the dead cells, the content in the cells would be released. In fact, it induces some damages to the tissue and leads to the prolonged inflammation, so unsuitable phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells is involved in occurrence as well as expansion of numerous human chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown age dependence of the neuro-degenerative diseases, which are largely due to the neuro-inflammation and the loss of neurons and thus cause the brain's functional disorders. Efferocytosis is coupled to anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to the elimination of the dying neurons in neuro-degenerative diseases, so its disruption may make a risk factor in numerous human chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, glioblastoma, and Rett syndrome. This study is a review of the efferocytosis molecular pathways and their role in neuro-degenerative diseases in order to discover a new treatment option to cure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taheri
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8915173143, Yazd, Iran.
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Ma J, Yang C, Zhong H, Wang C, Zhang K, Li X, Wu J, Gao Y. Role of HSP90α in osteoclast formation and osteoporosis development. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:273. [PMID: 35251339 PMCID: PMC8892609 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic metabolic bone disease that occurs most frequently in the elderly. The main pathogenesis of OP is excessive proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts, in which the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway has a pivotal role. Recently, heat shock protein (HSP)90α has been identified as an important molecular chaperone with PPARγ, which regulates the effect of the PPARγ pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HSP90α involved in the regulation of osteoclast formation and the process of osteoporosis. Firstly, the expression of HSP90α in osteoclast differentiation was detected by western blotting in vitro, then the effect of HSP90α inhibition on the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts was examined. Furthermore, the nuclear import of PPARγ was also assessed to confirm the synergistic effect of HSP90α. Finally, the inhibitory effect of HSP90α in vivo was explored, using a mouse model of osteoporosis. As a result, in the process of osteoclast differentiation and proliferation, the expression of HSP90α was upregulated. Inhibition of HSP90α could block the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts, and remit osteoporosis in mice. Regarding the underlying mechanism, inhibition of HSP90α could block the nuclear import of PPARγ to inhibit osteoclast differentiation and proliferation. In conclusion, these data indicated that the inhibition of HSP90α could block osteoclast formation and remit osteoporosis by reducing the nuclear import of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Huajian Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
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Owlett LD, Karaahmet B, Le L, Belcher EK, Dionisio-Santos D, Olschowka JA, Elliott MR, O'Banion MK. Gas6 induces inflammation and reduces plaque burden but worsens behavior in a sex-dependent manner in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:38. [PMID: 35130912 PMCID: PMC8822838 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (Tyro3, Axl, MerTK) are known for their role in engagement of phagocytosis and modulation of inflammation, and recent evidence suggests a complex relationship between Axl, Mer, and microglial phagocytosis of amyloid plaques in AD. Gas6, the primary CNS TAM ligand, reduces neuroinflammation and improves outcomes in murine models of CNS disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that AAV-mediated overexpression of Gas6 would alleviate plaque pathology, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve behavior in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Adeno-associated viral vectors were used to overexpress Gas6 in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. Nine-month-old male and female APP/PS1 and nontransgenic littermates received bilateral stereotactic hippocampal injections of AAV-Gas6 or AAV-control, which expresses a non-functional Gas6 protein. One month after injections, mice underwent a battery of behavioral tasks to assess cognitive function and brains were processed for immunohistochemical and transcriptional analyses. RESULTS Gas6 overexpression reduced plaque burden in male APP/PS1 mice. However, contrary to our hypothesis, Gas6 increased pro-inflammatory microglial gene expression and worsened contextual fear conditioning compared to control-treated mice. Gas6 overexpression appeared to have no effect on phagocytic mechanisms in vitro or in vivo as measured by CD68 immunohistochemistry, microglial methoxy-04 uptake, and primary microglial uptake of fluorescent fibrillar amyloid beta. CONCLUSION Our data describes a triad of worsened behavior, reduced plaque number, and an increase in proinflammatory signaling in a sex-specific manner. While Gas6 has historically induced anti-inflammatory signatures in the peripheral nervous system, our data suggest an alternative, proinflammatory role in the context of Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Owlett
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Berke Karaahmet
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Linh Le
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Belcher
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dawling Dionisio-Santos
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John A Olschowka
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Wang C, Chen JC, Xiao HH, Kong L, Zhao YM, Tian Y, Li H, Tian JM, Cui L, Wen CM, Shi YJ, Yang JX, Shang DJ. Jujuboside A promotes proliferation and neuronal differentiation of APPswe-overexpressing neural stem cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Neurosci Lett 2022; 772:136473. [PMID: 35077846 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mobilization of hippocampal neurogenesis has been considered as a potential strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In present study, we evaluated both the neuroprotective effects and the effects on the proliferation and differentiation of APP-overexpressing neural stem cells (APP-NSCs) by Jujuboside A (JuA) in vitro. Our results demonstrated that JuA (50 μM) decreased apoptosis and suppressed oxidative stress damage of APP-NSCs. JuA (50 μM) upregulated the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and promoted the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of APP-NSCs. Moreover, JuA (50 μM) upregulated Wnt-3a and β-catenin protein expression, and enhanced the expression of downstream genes Ccnd1, Neurod1 and Prox1. However, XAV-939, an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, inhibited these positive effects of JuA. Taken together, these findings suggest that JuA promote proliferation and neuronal differentiation of APP-NSCs partly by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. We hope that this study will provide a viable strategy for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Department of Neurology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated with Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ji-Cong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Hong-He Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yu-Meng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - He Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Ming Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Cai-Ming Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Jun Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Jing-Xian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
| | - De-Jing Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
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MicroRNA-494-3p prevents liver fibrosis and attenuates hepatic stellate cell activation by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis through targeting TRAF3. Ann Hepatol 2022; 23:100305. [PMID: 33434689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2021.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. MicroRNA-494-3p is possibly involved in the regulation of cancers, but its role in AH has been rarely studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS AH mice model and primarily cultured mice hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) model were constructed. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed by ELISA. Expressions of miRNAs, HSC activation-related proteins and fibrosis-related protein were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell counting kit, colony formation and flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. The relationship between TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and miR-494-3p was predicted and verified by TargetScan and dual-luciferase assay, respectively. Results of the above experiments were verified by rescue experiments using TRAF3. RESULTS Liver damage and miRNA expression were observed in AH mice, and AST and ALT levels were increased in serum of AH mice. MiR-494-3p was reduced in AH liver tissues, and it decreased the levels of α-SMA and fibrosis-related proteins. HSCs were isolated, and activating HSCs or upregulating miR-494-3p had a regulatory effect on the levels of miR-494-3p, HSC activation-related proteins and fibrosis-related proteins as well as cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, miR-494-3p targeted TRAF3 and inhibited TRAF3 expression, while overexpressed TRAF3 promoted TRAF3 expression and rescued the regulatory effect of miR-494-3p on the levels of related proteins as well as cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a novel mechanistic comprehension of the anti-fibrotic effect of miR-494-3p.
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Fighting fire with fire: the immune system might be key in our fight against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1261-1283. [PMID: 35032668 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ultimate cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown and no disease-modifying treatment exists. Emerging evidence supports the concept that the immune system has a key role in AD pathogenesis. This awareness leads to the idea that specific parts of the immune system must be engaged to ward off the disease. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved the management of several previously untreatable cancers and could hold similar promise as a novel therapy for treating AD. However, before potent immunotherapies can be rationally designed as treatment against AD, we need to fully understand the dynamic interplay between AD and the different parts of our immune system. Accordingly, here we review the most important aspects of both the innate and adaptive immune system in relation to AD pathology. Teaser: Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer's disease is affected by the inability of the immune system to contain the pathology of the brain. Here, we discuss how we can engage our immune system to fight this devastating disease.
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PTHG2 Reduces Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice by Directing Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2021:8546739. [PMID: 34976071 PMCID: PMC8720025 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8546739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Teriparatide, also known as 1-34 parathyroid hormone (PTH (1-34)), is commonly used for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. But its therapeutic application is restricted by poor metabolic stability, low bioavailability, and rapid clearance. Herein, PTHG2, a glycosylated teriparatide derivative, is designed and synthesized to improve PTH stability and exert more potent antiosteoporosis effect. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis shows that PTHG2 combines to PTH 1 receptor. Additional acetylglucosamine covalent bonding in the first serine at the N terminal of PTH (1-34) improves stability and increases protein hydrolysis resistance. Intermittent administration of PTHG2 preserves bone quality in ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteoporosis mice model, along with increased osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation, and reduced marrow adipogenesis. In vitro, PTHG2 inhibits adipogenic differentiation and promotes osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). For molecular mechanism, PTHG2 directs BMSCs fate through stimulating the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. Blocking PKA abrogates the pro-osteogenic effect of PTHG2. In conclusion, our study reveals that PTHG2 can accelerate osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and inhibit adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs and show a better protective effect than PTH (1-34) in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Identification of oxytocin receptor activating chemical components from traditional Japanese medicines. J Food Drug Anal 2021; 29:653-675. [PMID: 35649140 PMCID: PMC9931015 DOI: 10.38212/2224-6614.3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt) is known to regulate social communication, stress and body weight. The activation of Oxt receptors (OTR) has clinical potential to abate stress disorders and metabolic syndrome. Kamikihito (KKT) is a traditional Japanese medicine used to treat psychological stress-related disorders. We investigated the effects of KKT, its ingredients and chemical components on Oxt neurons and OTR. C-Fos expression was examined after oral and peripheral administration of KKT in rats. Electrophysiological change of Oxt neurons and Oxt release upon application of KKT were measured in rat brain slice. The direct effect of KKT, its ingredients and its chemical components were examined by cytosolic Ca2+([Ca2+]i) measurement in Oxt neurons and OTR-expressing HEK293 cells. Both intraperitoneal and oral administration of KKT in rats induced c-Fos expression in neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) including Oxt neurons. Application of KKT induced activation of Oxt neurons and Oxt release. KKT increased [Ca2+]i in OTR-expressing HEK293 cells, and failed to activate with OTR antagonist. KKT-induced PVN Oxt neuron activation was also attenuated by OTR antagonist. Seven chemical components (rutin, ursolic acid, (Z )-butylidenephtalide, p-cymene, senkunolide, [6]-shogaol, [8]-shogaol) of three ingredients (Zizyphi Fructus, Angelicae Acutilobae Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma) from KKT had potential to activate OTR. KKT can directly activate PVN Oxt neurons by interacting with OTR. The interaction of seven chemical components from KKT may contribute to activate OTR. Effect of KKT on Oxt neurons and OTR may contribute to the treatment of Oxt related disorders.
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Zhong Y, Luo R, Liu Q, Zhu J, Lei M, Liang X, Wang X, Peng X. Jujuboside A ameliorates high fat diet and streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy via suppressing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and enhancing autophagy. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112697. [PMID: 34826549 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Jujuboside A (JuA) is a triterpenoid saponins isolated from the seed of jujube (semen Ziziphi spinosae) with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis properties. The present study aimed to investigate the reno-protective effects of JuA on type II diabetes. JuA (20 mg/kg) and Metformin (Met, 300 mg/kg) were administrated to diabetic Sprague Dawley rat for 8 weeks daily. Our results showed that JuA reduced blood glucose and kidney function markers including 24 h urinary protein, urinary β-NAG/urinary creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, serum uric acid and serum creatinine, and relieved renal pathological changes. In addition, JuA decreased O2- and H2O2 level, enhanced SOD, CAT and GPx activities, decreased NOX4 expression and improved mitochondrial respiratory chain function through regulating respiratory chain complex expression. Moreover, JuA downregulated the expressions of mitochondrial apoptosis proteins: Bax, CytC, Apaf-1 and caspase 9. Apoptosis mediated by ER stress also been inhibited by JuA via downregulating p-PERK, p-IRE1, XBP1s, ATF4, p-CHOP and caspase 12 expressions. JuA also enhanced autophagy and mitophagy via regulating CaMKK2-AMPK-p-mTOR and PINK1/Parkin pathways. Collectively, these results indicated that JuA protected against type II diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis mediated by mitochondria and ER stress. In addition, autophagy and mitophagy was enhanced by JuA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruilin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiachang Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Min Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaofei Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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WITHDRAWN: LncRNA NEAT1/miR-211-3p/BMF axis is involved in regulating the senescence of HASMCs induced by ionizing radiation. Tissue Cell 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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