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Korszun-Karbowniczak J, Krysiak ZJ, Saluk J, Niemcewicz M, Zdanowski R. The Progress in Molecular Transport and Therapeutic Development in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Models in Neurological Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:34. [PMID: 38627312 PMCID: PMC11021242 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is responsible for maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS). Depending on its permeability, certain substances can penetrate the brain, while others are restricted in their passage. Therefore, the knowledge about BBB structure and function is essential for understanding physiological and pathological brain processes. Consequently, the functional models can serve as a key to help reveal this unknown. There are many in vitro models available to study molecular mechanisms that occur in the barrier. Brain endothelial cells grown in culture are commonly used to modeling the BBB. Current BBB platforms include: monolayer platforms, transwell, matrigel, spheroidal, and tissue-on-chip models. In this paper, the BBB structure, molecular characteristic, as well as its dysfunctions as a consequence of aging, neurodegeneration, or under hypoxia and neurotoxic conditions are presented. Furthermore, the current modelling strategies that can be used to study BBB for the purpose of further drugs development that may reach CNS are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Korszun-Karbowniczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
- BioMedChem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 21/23 Matejki Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Joanna Krysiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Saluk
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Lodz, 68 Narutowicza Street, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Niemcewicz
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 68 Narutowicza Street, 90-136, Lodz, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141, Warsaw, Poland
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Shi L, Li X, Zhang M, Qin C, Zhang Z, Chen Z. Downregulation of Wtap causes dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 188:38-51. [PMID: 38224851 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins have been shown to regulate heart development and cardiac diseases. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms is not known. In this study, we identified Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP, a key regulatory protein of the m6A RNA methyltransferase complex) as a key regulator of heart function and cardiac diseases. WTAP is associated with heart development, and its expression is downregulated in both human and mice with heart failure. Cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of Wtap (Wtap-CKO) induces dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure and neonatal death. Although WTAP deficiency in the heart decreases METTL3 (methyltransferase-like 3) protein levels, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Mettl3 in Wtap-CKO mice does not rescue the phenotypes of Wtap-CKO mice. Instead, WTAP deficiency in the heart decreases chromatin accessibility in the promoter regions of Mef2a (myocyte enhancer factor-2α) and Mef2c, leading to reduced mRNA and protein levels of these genes and lower expression of their target genes. Conversely, WTAP directly binds to the promoter of the Mef2c gene and increases its promoter luciferase activity and expression. These data demonstrate that WTAP plays a key role in heart development and cardiac function by maintaining the chromatin accessibility of cardiomyocyte specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meiwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Cong Qin
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology at the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Li X, Liu C, Zhang Z, Li X, Yao Z, Dong Y, Wang X, Chen Z. Hepatocyte-specific Wtap deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma by activating GRB2-ERK depending on downregulation of proteasome-related genes. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105301. [PMID: 37777158 PMCID: PMC10630636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wilm's tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP), a regulatory protein of the m6A methyltransferase complex, has been found to play a role in regulating various physiological and pathological processes. However, the in vivo role of WTAP in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. In this study, we have elucidated the crucial role of WTAP in HCC progression and shown that hepatic deletion of Wtap promotes HCC pathogenesis through activation of multiple signaling pathways. A single dose of diethylnitrosamine injection causes more and larger HCCs in hepatocyte-specific Wtap knockout (Wtap-HKO) mice than Wtapflox/flox mice fed with either normal chow diet or a high-fat diet. Elevated CD36, IGFBP1 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) expression leads to steatosis and inflammation in the Wtap-HKO livers. The hepatocyte proliferation is dramatically increased in Wtap-HKO mice, which is due to higher activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 signaling pathways. Hepatic deletion of Wtap activates the ERK signaling pathway by increasing the protein stability of GRB2 and ERK1/2, which is due to the decreased expression of proteasome-related genes. Restoring PSMB4 or PSMB6 (two key components of the proteasome) leads to the downregulation of GRB2 and ERK1/2 in Wtap-HKO hepatocytes. Mechanistically, WTAP interacts with RNA polymerase II and H3K9ac to maintain expression of proteasome-related genes. These results demonstrate that hepatic deletion of Wtap promotes HCC progression through activating GRB2-ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathway depending on the downregulation of proteasome-related genes especially Psmb4 and Psmb6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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Liu C, Li X, Gao M, Dong Y, Chen Z. Downregulation of hepatic METTL3 contributes to APAP-induced liver injury in mice. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100766. [PMID: 37456679 PMCID: PMC10338307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a major cause of acute liver failure in the Western world, but its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) is a core N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) RNA methyltransferase that has been shown to regulate many physiological and pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of METTL3 in APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Methods Hepatocyte-specific Mettl3 knockout (Mettl3-HKO) mice and adenovirus-mediated gene overexpression or knockdown were used. We assayed APAP-induced liver injury by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase activity, necrotic area, cell death, reactive oxygen species levels and activation of signalling pathways. We also performed mechanistic studies using a variety of assays and molecular techniques. Results Hepatic METTL3 is downregulated in APAP-induced liver injury, and hepatocyte-specific deletion of Mettl3 accelerates APAP-induced liver injury, leading to increased mortality as a result of the dramatic activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) / c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway. Inhibition of JNK by SP600125 largely blocks APAP-induced liver injury in Mettl3-HKO mice. Hepatic deletion of Mettl3 activates the MKK4/JNK signalling pathway by increasing the protein stability of MKK4 and JNK1/2 as a result of decreased proteasome activity. Restoration of proteasome activity by overexpression of proteasome 20S subunit beta 4 (PSMB4) or proteasome 20S subunit beta 6 (PSMB6) leads to the downregulation of MKK4 and JNK in Mettl3-HKO hepatocytes. Mechanistically, METTL3 interacts with RNA polymerase II and active histone modifications such as H3K9ac, H3K27ac, and H3K36me3 to maintain the expression of proteasome-related genes. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that downregulation of METTL3 promotes APAP-induced liver injury by decreasing proteasome activity and thereby enhancing activity of the MKK4/JNK signalling pathway. Impact and Implications Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is a key cause of acute liver failure in the Western world, but its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We demonstrated in this study that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a core m6A RNA methyltransferase, is downregulated in APAP-induced liver injury, which exacerbates APAP-induced liver injury through enhancing the MKK4/JNK signalling pathway with involvement of the decreased proteasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Liu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ming Gao
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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NF-κB-inducing kinase maintains mitochondrial efficiency and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166682. [PMID: 36878304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) is an essential upstream inducer of noncanonical NF-κB signaling and a critical regulator of immunity and inflammation. Our recent work has demonstrated that NIK regulates mitochondrial respiration and adaptive metabolic responses in cancer and innate immune cells. However, it is not clear whether NIK also has roles in regulating systemic metabolism. In this study, we demonstrate that NIK has local and systemic effects on developmental and metabolic processes. Our findings show that NIK-deficient mice exhibit reduced adiposity, as well as elevated energy expenditure both basally, and under the stress of a high-fat diet. Moreover, we identify NF-κB-independent and -dependent functions for NIK in white adipose tissue metabolism and development. Specifically, we found that in an NF-κB-independent manner NIK is required for maintaining mitochondrial fitness, as NIK-deficient adipocytes have impaired mitochondrial membrane potential and spare respiratory capacity. In addition to mitochondrial exhaustion, NIK-deficient adipocytes and ex vivo adipose tissue exhibit a compensatory upregulation of glycolysis to meet bioenergetic demands. Finally, while NIK regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in preadipocytes is NF-κB-independent, we demonstrate that NIK has a complementary role in adipocyte differentiation that requires activation of RelB and the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. Collectively, these data demonstrate that NIK has critical roles in local and systemic development and metabolism. Our findings establish NIK as an important regulator of organelle, cell, and systemic metabolic homeostasis, suggesting that metabolic dysfunction may be an important and unappreciated component of immune disorders and inflammatory diseases arising from NIK deficiency.
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Li X, Yang Y, Chen Z. Downregulation of the m 6A reader protein YTHDC1 leads to islet β-cell failure and diabetes. Metabolism 2023; 138:155339. [PMID: 36302453 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase writer proteins (METTL3/METTL14) have been shown to regulate β-cell function and diabetes. However, whether and which m6A reader proteins regulate β-cell function and the pathogenesis of diabetes are largely unknown. In this study, we showed that YTHDC1 (YTH domain-containing protein 1), a key m6A nuclear reader protein, plays an essential role in maintaining β-cell function. YTHDC1 is downregulated in islet β cells in type 2 diabetes, which is due to lipotoxicity and chronic inflammation. β-Cell specific deletion of Ythdc1 results in β-cell failure and diabetes, which is likely due to the decreased expression of β-cell specific transcription factors and insulin secretion-related genes. Taken together, YTHDC1 is required for maintaining β-cell function, and the downregulation of YTHDC1 leads to β-cell failure and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ying Yang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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Deficiency of WTAP in hepatocytes induces lipoatrophy and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Nat Commun 2022; 13:4549. [PMID: 35927268 PMCID: PMC9352699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32163-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation are the essential signs of NASH. However, the molecular mechanisms of ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation during NASH progression are not fully understood. Here we reported that hepatic Wilms' tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) is a key integrative regulator of ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation during NASH progression. Hepatic deletion of Wtap leads to NASH due to the increased lipolysis in white adipose tissue, enhanced hepatic free fatty acids uptake and induced inflammation, all of which are mediated by IGFBP1, CD36 and cytochemokines such as CCL2, respectively. WTAP binds to specific DNA motifs which are enriched in the promoters and suppresses gene expression (e.g., Igfbp1, Cd36 and Ccl2) with the involvement of HDAC1. In NASH, WTAP is tranlocated from nucleus to cytosol, which is related to CDK9-mediated phosphorylation. These data uncover a mechanism by which hepatic WTAP regulates ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation during NASH progression. Ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation are the essential signs of NASH. Here, the authors show that hepatic WTAP is a key integrative repressor of ectopic lipid accumulation and inflammation during NASH progression, and hepatic deletion of Wtap promotes both of them, leading to NASH
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Ding K, Li X, Ren X, Ding N, Tao L, Dong X, Chen Z. GBP5 promotes liver injury and inflammation by inducing hepatocyte apoptosis. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22119. [PMID: 34958688 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101448r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver injury is the first step in causing fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer, leading to mortality. However, the drivers of progressive liver injury are still incompletely defined. Here, we identify GBP5 as a major factor causing liver injury and inflammation. We show that the expression of GBP5 is abnormally elevated in the damaged liver, and its expression depends at least partially on the NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK)/NF-κB2 signaling pathway. Knockout of Gbp5 ameliorates D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-induced liver injury and inflammation. Conversely, liver-specific overexpression of GBP5 induces liver injury and inflammation. Mechanistically, GBP5 induces hepatocyte apoptosis through the activation of both calpain/caspase 12/caspase 3 and TNFα/caspase 8/caspase 3 signaling pathways. Inhibition of either calpain activity or caspase 3 prevents GBP5-induced cell death. Our data demonstrate that GBP5 expression is induced by toxins or the NIK signaling pathway, which promotes both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathways and further induces liver injury, providing a novel drug target for the treatment of liver injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixin Ding
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.,Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Ding
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Tao
- 305 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Davis JL, Thaler R, Cox L, Ricci B, Zannit HM, Wan F, Faccio R, Dudakovic A, van Wijnen AJ, Veis DJ. Constitutive activation of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) in the mesenchymal lineage using Osterix (Sp7)- or Fibroblast-specific protein 1 (S100a4)-Cre drives spontaneous soft tissue sarcoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254426. [PMID: 34292968 PMCID: PMC8297882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant NF-κB signaling fuels tumor growth in multiple human cancer types including both hematologic and solid malignancies. Chronic elevated alternative NF-κB signaling can be modeled in transgenic mice upon activation of a conditional NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) allele lacking the regulatory TRAF3 binding domain (NT3). Here, we report that expression of NT3 in the mesenchymal lineage with Osterix (Osx/Sp7)-Cre or Fibroblast-Specific Protein 1 (FSP1)-Cre caused subcutaneous, soft tissue tumors. These tumors displayed significantly shorter latency and a greater multiple incidence rate in Fsp1-Cre;NT3 compared to Osx-Cre;NT3 mice, regardless of sex. Histological assessment revealed poorly differentiated solid tumors with some spindled patterns, as well as robust RelB immunostaining, confirming activation of alternative NF-κB. Even though NT3 expression also occurs in the osteolineage in Osx-Cre;NT3 mice, we observed no bony lesions. The staining profiles and pattern of Cre expression in the two lines pointed to a mesenchymal tumor origin. Immunohistochemistry revealed that these tumors stain strongly for alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), although vimentin staining was uniform only in Osx-Cre;NT3 tumors. Negative CD45 and S100 immunostains precluded hematopoietic and melanocytic origins, respectively, while positive staining for cytokeratin 19 (CK19), typically associated with epithelia, was found in subpopulations of both tumors. Principal component, differential expression, and gene ontology analyses revealed that NT3 tumors are distinct from normal mesenchymal tissues and are enriched for NF-κB related biological processes. We conclude that constitutive activation of the alternative NF-κB pathway in the mesenchymal lineage drives spontaneous sarcoma and provides a novel mouse model for NF-κB related sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Davis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Linda Cox
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Biancamaria Ricci
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Zannit
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Fei Wan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children–St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
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Li X, Jiang Y, Sun X, Wu Y, Chen Z. METTL3 is required for maintaining β-cell function. Metabolism 2021; 116:154702. [PMID: 33417895 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation has been shown to regulate obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, whether METTL3, the key methyltransferase for m6A mRNA methylation, regulates β-cell failure in diabetes has not been fully explored. Here, we show that METTL3 is downregulated under the inflammatory and oxidative stress conditions, and islet β-cell-specific deletion of Mettl3 induces β-cell failure and hyperglycemia, which is likely due to decreased m6A modification and reduced expression of insulin secretion-related genes. Overall, METTL3 might be a potential drug target for the treatment of β-cell failure in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yuze Jiang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xu Sun
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongsen Wu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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11
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL Downregulates the Ileal Expression of Genes Involved in Immune Responses in Broiler Chickens to Improve Growth Performance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020382. [PMID: 33668643 PMCID: PMC7918048 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL promotes broiler chicken performance by improving nutrient absorption and utilization and reducing intestinal inflammation. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptomes of ileal tissues collected from probiotic-fed and control broiler chickens were analyzed to elucidate the effects of the probiotic B. amyloliquefaciens TL, as a feed additive, on the gut immune function. In total, 475 genes were significantly differentially expressed between the ileum of probiotic-fed and control birds. The expression of genes encoding pyruvate kinase, prothymosin-α, and heat stress proteins was high in the ileum of probiotic-fed birds (FPKM > 500), but not in the control group. The gene ontology functional enrichment and pathway enrichment analyses revealed that the uniquely expressed genes in the control group were mostly involved in immune responses, whereas those in the probiotic group were involved in fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathways and positive regulation of cell proliferation. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TL downregulated the expression of certain proinflammatory factors and affected the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway. Furthermore, B. amyloliquefaciens TL in broiler diets altered the expression of genes involved in immune functions in the ileum. Thus, it might contribute to improved broiler growth by regulating the immune system and reducing intestinal damage in broilers.
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Cheng J, Feng X, Li Z, Zhou F, Yang JM, Zhao Y. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) with small molecules for the treatment of human diseases. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:552-565. [PMID: 34046627 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NIK is a key kinase required for the activation of alternative NF-κB signaling pathways. Overactivation of NIK in patients has been observed and is implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, B-cell malignances, and solid tumors. Over the past decade, inhibition of NIK overactivation with small molecules has been pursued as an attractive strategy for drug discovery, where numerous potent and selective NIK inhibitors with novel pharmacophores have been identified. This review summarizes the structural features and key efficacy studies of the NIK inhibitors reported, which justify the mechanism of action of such inhibitors in animal models driven by NIK overactivation. Given the strong pathological associations between overactivation of NIK and human diseases, human clinical trials of NIK inhibitors as drug candidates are eagerly awaited. Information showcased in this review article might be helpful for the discovery and clinical development of the next generation of NIK inhibitors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203 China +86 21 50800608.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xuexin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203 China +86 21 50800608.,School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng Jiangsu 224051 China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203 China +86 21 50800608.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Feilong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203 China +86 21 50800608
| | - Jin-Ming Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers University Yancheng Jiangsu 224051 China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Rd. Shanghai 201203 China +86 21 50800608.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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13
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Wei Q, Qi L, Lin H, Liu D, Zhu X, Dai Y, Waldron RT, Lugea A, Goodarzi MO, Pandol SJ, Li L. Pathological Mechanisms in Diabetes of the Exocrine Pancreas: What's Known and What's to Know. Front Physiol 2020; 11:570276. [PMID: 33250773 PMCID: PMC7673428 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.570276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance of diabetes arising in the setting of pancreatic disease (also known as diabetes of the exocrine pancreas, DEP) has drawn more attention in recent years. However, significant improvements still need to be made in the recognition, diagnosis and treatment of the disorder, and in the knowledge of the pathological mechanisms. The clinical course of DEP is different from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DEP develops in patients with previous existing exocrine pancreatic disorders which damage both exocrine and endocrine parts of pancreas, and lead to pancreas exocrine insufficiency (PEI) and malnutrition. Therefore, damage in various exocrine and endocrine cell types participating in glucose metabolism regulation likely contribute to the development of DEP. Due to the limited amount of clinical and experimental studies, the pathological mechanism of DEP is poorly defined. In fact, it still not entirely clear whether DEP represents a distinct pathologic entity or is a form of T2DM arising when β cell failure is accelerated by pancreatic disease. In this review, we include findings from related studies in T1DM and T2DM to highlight potential pathological mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of DEP, and to provide directions for future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Science and Research, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dechen Liu
- Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Science and Research, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dai
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, China
| | - Richard T Waldron
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pancreas, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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14
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Li X, Wu Y, Song Y, Ding N, Lu M, Jia L, Zhao Y, Liu M, Chen Z. Activation of NF-κB-Inducing Kinase in Islet β Cells Causes β Cell Failure and Diabetes. Mol Ther 2020; 28:2430-2441. [PMID: 32730745 PMCID: PMC7647925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet β cell death has been proved to contribute to diabetes. Studies suggest that the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK) is involved in the β cell dysfunction encountered in obesity. However, the pathological significance of NIK activation in diabetes remains largely unknown. Here, we report that β cell-specific overexpression of NIK (β-NIK-OE) results in spontaneous diabetes in male mice at a young age (≥10 weeks of age), which is likely due to insulin deficiency, β cell death, and insulitis. Importantly, inhibiting the kinase activation of NIK by the small molecule B022 prevents NIK- or H2O2-induced β cell death and also reduces streptozotocin (STZ)-induced β cell death while ameliorating hyperglycemia, suggesting that the kinase activity of NIK is essential in inducing islet inflammation, β cell death, and diabetes. In all, this study not only uncovers a role of NIK in β cell failure but also provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yongsen Wu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yue Song
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Na Ding
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Min Lu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Linna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Meteria Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
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15
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Guo X, Li D, Song J, Yang Q, Wang M, Yang Y, Wang L, Hou X, Chen L, Li X. Mof regulates glucose level via altering different α-cell subset mass and intra-islet glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon secretion. Metabolism 2020; 109:154290. [PMID: 32522488 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Males absent on the first (Mof) is implicated in gene control of diverse biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy. However, the relationship between glucose regulation and Mof-mediated transcription events remains unexplored. We aimed to unravel the role of Mof in glucose regulation by using global and pancreatic α-cell-specific Mof-deficient mice in vivo and α-TC1-6 cell line in vitro. METHODS We used tamoxifen-induced temporal Mof-deficient mice first to show Mof regulate glucose homeostasis, islet cell proportions and hormone secretion. Then we used α-cell-specific Mof-deficient mice to clarify how α-cell subsets and β-cell mass were regulated and corresponding hormone level alterations. Ultimately, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knockdown Mof in α-TC1-6 and unravel the mechanism regulating α-cell mass and glucagon secretion. RESULTS Mof was mainly expressed in α-cells. Global Mof deficiency led to lower glucose levels, attributed by decreased α/β-cell ratio and glucagon secretion. α-cell-specific Mof-deficient mice exhibited similar alterations, with more reduced prohormone convertase 2 (PC2)-positive α-cell mass, responsible for less glucagon, and enhanced prohormone convertase 1 (PC1/3)-positive α-cell mass, leading to more glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, thus increased β-cell mass and insulin secretion. In vitro, increased DNA damage, dysregulated autophagy, enhanced apoptosis and altered cell fate factors expressions upon Mof knockdown were observed. Genes and pathways linked to impaired glucagon secretion were uncovered through transcriptome sequencing. CONCLUSION Mof is a potential interventional target for glucose regulation, from the aspects of both α-cell subset mass and glucagon, intra-islet GLP-1 secretion. Upon Mof deficiency, Up-regulated PC1/3 but down-regulated PC2-positive α-cell mass, leads to more GLP-1 and insulin but less glucagon secretion, and contributed to lower glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qibing Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lingshu Wang
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China.
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16
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Li Z, Li X, Su MB, Gao LX, Zhou YB, Yuan B, Lyu X, Yan Z, Hu C, Zhang H, Luo C, Chen Z, Li J, Zhao Y. Discovery of a Potent and Selective NF-κB-Inducing Kinase (NIK) Inhibitor That Has Anti-inflammatory Effects in Vitro and in Vivo. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4388-4407. [PMID: 32216342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The overexpression of NIK plays a critical role in liver inflammatory diseases. Treatment of such diseases with small-molecule NIK inhibitors is a reasonable but underexplored approach. In this paper, we reported the discovery of a potent and selective NIK inhibitor 46 (XT2). 46 inhibited the NIK kinase with an IC50 value of 9.1 nM in vitro, and it also potently suppressed NIK activities in intact cells. In isogenic primary hepatocytes, treatment of 46 efficiently suppressed the expressions of NIK-induced genes. 46 was orally bioavailable in mice with moderate systemic exposure. In a NIK-associated mouse liver inflammation model, 46 suppressed CCl4-induced upregulation of ALT, a key biomarker of acute liver injury. 46 also decreased immune cell infiltration into the injured liver tissue. Overall, these studies provide examples that an NIK inhibitor is able to suppress toxin-induced liver inflammations, which indicates its therapeutic potentials for the treatment of liver inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Ming-Bo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Li-Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bingchuan Yuan
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xilin Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ziqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chujiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
- Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Wang Y, Gao M, Zhu F, Li X, Yang Y, Yan Q, Jia L, Xie L, Chen Z. METTL3 is essential for postnatal development of brown adipose tissue and energy expenditure in mice. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1648. [PMID: 32245957 PMCID: PMC7125133 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) undergoes rapid postnatal development and then protects against cold and obesity into adulthood. However, the molecular mechanism that determines postnatal development and maturation of BAT is largely unknown. Here we show that METTL3 (a key RNA methyltransferase) expression increases significantly in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) after birth and plays an essential role in the postnatal development and maturation of iBAT. BAT-specific deletion of Mettl3 severely impairs maturation of BAT in vivo by decreasing m6A modification and expression of Prdm16, Pparg, and Ucp1 transcripts, which leads to a marked reduction in BAT-mediated adaptive thermogenesis and promotes high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and systemic insulin resistance. These data demonstrate that METTL3 is an essential regulator that controls iBAT postnatal development and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Wang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ming Gao
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Yang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qiuxin Yan
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Linna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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18
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Aydin Köker S, Oymak Y, Demirağ B, Karapinar TH, Koker A, Genç S, Erdemir G, Vergin RC. Successful Management of l-Asparaginase-Associated Pancreatitis With Octreotide and Pegylated Asparaginase in 2 Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Is There a Different Rare Warning Sign of Hypoglycemia for l-Asparaginase-Associated Pancreatitis? Clin Ther 2020; 42:e82-e86. [PMID: 32184014 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
l-Asparaginase (l-Asp) is a critical component of chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, toxic effects associated with l-Asp, such as hepatic dysfunction, pancreatitis, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia, have occurred. In addition, acute pancreatitis is a significant life-threatening adverse event associated with ALL. We describe 2 patients with ALL who had l-Asp-associated pancreatitis (AAP), with one patient presenting with hyperglycemia and the other presenting with hypoglycemia during induction treatment. When octreotide was administered to both of these patients, the clinical findings and laboratory data were improved. AAP was not repeated after treatment with pegylated asparaginase. Although AAP has a high risk of mortality and morbidity in childhood, APP treatment with appropriate agents, such as octreotide, can be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Aydin Köker
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yeşim Oymak
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bengü Demirağ
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tuba Hilkay Karapinar
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Alper Koker
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sinan Genç
- Division of Radiology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülin Erdemir
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Raziye Canan Vergin
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
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19
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Leu SY, Kuo LH, Weng WT, Lien IC, Yang CC, Hsieh TT, Cheng YN, Chien PH, Ho LC, Chen SH, Shan YS, Chen YW, Chen PC, Tsai PJ, Sung JM, Tsai YS. Loss of EGR-1 uncouples compensatory responses of pancreatic β cells. Theranostics 2020; 10:4233-4249. [PMID: 32226550 PMCID: PMC7086362 DOI: 10.7150/thno.40664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Subjects unable to sustain β-cell compensation develop type 2 diabetes. Early growth response-1 protein (EGR-1), implicated in the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, is induced by diverse metabolic challenges, such as glucose or other nutrients. Therefore, we hypothesized that deficiency of EGR-1 might influence β-cell compensation in response to metabolic overload. Methods: Mice deficient in EGR-1 (Egr1-/-) were used to investigate the in vivo roles of EGR-1 in regulation of glucose homeostasis and beta-cell compensatory responses. Results: In response to a high-fat diet, Egr1-/- mice failed to secrete sufficient insulin to clear glucose, which was associated with lower insulin content and attenuated hypertrophic response of islets. High-fat feeding caused a dramatic impairment in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and downregulated the expression of genes encoding glucose sensing proteins. The cells co-expressing both insulin and glucagon were dramatically upregulated in islets of high-fat-fed Egr1-/- mice. EGR-1-deficient islets failed to maintain the transcriptional network for β-cell compensatory response. In human pancreatic tissues, EGR1 expression correlated with the expression of β-cell compensatory genes in the non-diabetic group, but not in the diabetic group. Conclusion: These results suggest that EGR-1 couples the transcriptional network to compensation for the loss of β-cell function and identity. Thus, our study highlights the early stress coupler EGR-1 as a critical factor in the development of pancreatic islet failure.
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20
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Jia L, Jiang Y, Li X, Chen Z. Purβ promotes hepatic glucose production by increasing Adcy6 transcription. Mol Metab 2019; 31:85-97. [PMID: 31918924 PMCID: PMC6920194 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Enhanced glucagon signaling and hepatic glucose production (HGP) can account for hyperglycemia in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the enhanced HGP in these patients are not fully understood. Here, we identify Purβ as a positive regulator of HGP and study its molecular mechanisms in the regulation of HGP both in vivo and in vitro. Methods Adenovirus-mediated knockdown or overexpression of Purβ was performed in either primary hepatocytes or the livers of db/db mice. Glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and HGP were determined by glucose, insulin, and lactate tolerance tests, respectively. Purβ/ADCY6 protein levels, glucagon signaling (p-CREB/CREB), and insulin signaling (p-Akt/Akt) were measured by immunoblotting. Gene expression was measured by RNA-seq and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to study the interaction between Purβ and the Adcy6 promoter. Results Purβ was abnormally elevated in obese mice and was also increased under fasting conditions or via the glucagon signaling pathway, which promoted HGP by increasing Adcy6 expression. Liver-specific knockdown of Purβ in db/db mice significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by suppressing the glucagon/ADCY6/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Consistent with this observation, the knockdown of Purβ also inhibited glucose production in isolated primary hepatocytes by inhibiting the glucagon/ADCY6/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, whereas the overexpression of Purβ promoted glucose production by activating this signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Purβ directly binds to the promoter of the Adcy6 gene and thereby promotes its transcription. Conclusions Taken together, these results illustrate a new model in which Purβ functions to regulate the glucagon/ADCY6/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway to help maintain glucose homeostasis. Purβ was identified as a novel positive regulator of hepatic glucose production. Purβ directly binds to the promoter of the Adcy6 gene, inducing its expression and activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Liver-specific knockdown of Purβ in db/db mice significantly ameliorates hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance by suppressing the ADCY6/cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China; HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinzhi Li
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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21
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Zhang Y, Chen X. Nanotechnology and nanomaterial-based no-wash electrochemical biosensors: from design to application. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19105-19118. [PMID: 31549117 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05696c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology and nanomaterial based electrochemical biosensors (ECBs) have achieved great development in many fields, such as clinical diagnosis, food analysis, and environmental monitoring. Nowadays, the single-handed pursuit of sensitivity and accuracy cannot meet the demands of detection in many in situ and point-of-care (POC) circumstances. More and more attention has been focused on simplifying the operation procedure and reducing detection time, and thus no-wash assay has become one of the most effective ways for the continuous development of ECBs. However, there are many challenges to realize no-wash detection in the real analysis, such as redox interferences, multiple impurities, non-conducting protein macromolecules, etc. Furthermore, the complex detection circumstance in different application fields makes the realization of no-wash ECBs more complicated and difficult. Thanks to the updated nanotechnology and nanomaterials, in-depth analysis of the obstacles in the detection process and various methods for fabricating no-wash ECBs, most issues have been largely resolved. In this review, we have systematically analyzed the nanomaterial based design strategy of the state-of-the-art no-wash ECBs in the past few years. Following that, we summarized the challenges in the detection process of no-wash ECBs and their applications in different fields. Finally, based on the summary and analysis in this review, we also evaluated and discussed future prospects from the design to the application of ECBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China. and Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Valiño-Rivas L, Vaquero JJ, Sucunza D, Gutierrez S, Sanz AB, Fresno M, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. NIK as a Druggable Mediator of Tissue Injury. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:341-360. [PMID: 30926358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK, MAP3K14) is best known as the apical kinase that triggers non-canonical NF-κB activation and by its role in the immune system. Recent data indicate a role for NIK expressed by non-lymphoid cells in cancer, kidney disease, liver injury, glucose homeostasis, osteosarcopenia, vascular calcification, hematopoiesis, and endothelial function. The spectrum of NIK-associated disease now ranges from immunodeficiency (when NIK is defective) to autoimmunity, cancer, sterile inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic disease when NIK is overactive. The development of novel small-molecule NIK inhibitors has paved the way to test NIK targeting to treat disease in vivo, and may eventually lead to NIK targeting in the clinic. In addition, NIK activators are being explored for specific conditions such as myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Valiño-Rivas
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcala and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcala and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gutierrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcala and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas de la UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain; These authors contributed equally.
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain; These authors contributed equally.
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