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Mei Y, Zhu Y, Yong KSM, Hanafi ZB, Gong H, Liu Y, Teo HY, Hussain M, Song Y, Chen Q, Liu H. IL-37 dampens immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs via metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113835. [PMID: 38412100 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-37 (IL-37) has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in various cancer types. However, the immune regulatory function of IL-37 in the tumor microenvironment is unclear. Here, we established a human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I)-matched humanized patient-derived xenograft hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model and three murine orthotopic HCC models to study the function of IL-37 in the tumor microenvironment. We found that IL-37 inhibited HCC growth and promoted T cell activation. Further study revealed that IL-37 impaired the immunosuppressive capacity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Pretreatment of MDSCs with IL-37 before adoptive transfer attenuated their tumor-promoting function in HCC tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, IL-37 promoted both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in MDSCs, resulting in the upregulation of ATP release, which impaired the immunosuppressive capacity of MDSCs. Collectively, we demonstrated that IL-37 inhibited tumor development through dampening MDSCs' immunosuppressive capacity in the tumor microenvironment via metabolic reprogramming, making it a promising target for future cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mei
- Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Ying Zhu
- Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Kylie Su Mei Yong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Zuhairah Binte Hanafi
- Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Huanle Gong
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Huey Yee Teo
- Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Muslima Hussain
- Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Yuan Song
- Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore 138673, Singapore.
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, Immunology Translational Research Program, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore.
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Hsueh KC, Ju PC, Hsieh YH, Su SC, Yeh CB, Lin CW. HO-3867, a curcumin analog, elicits cell apoptosis and p38-mediated caspase activation in hepatocellular carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:794-802. [PMID: 37782689 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
HO-3867, a synthetic curcumin analog, has displayed various tumor-suppressive characteristics and improved bioabsorption over its parent compound. However, its influences on the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are poorly defined. To address this, we tested the anticarcinogenic impact of HO-3867 and investigated the underlying mechanisms in fighting liver cancer. Our result demonstrated that HO-3867 reduced the viability of HCC cells, accompanied by promotion of cell cycle arrest at the sub-G1 stage and apoptotic responses. Furthermore, a distinctive profile of apoptosis associated proteins, encompassing elevated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) level and caspase activation, was detected in HO-3867-stimulated HCC cells. In addition, such HO-3867-mediated elevation in caspase activation was dampened by pharmacological suppression of p38 activities. Taken together, our findings unveiled that HO-3867 triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptotic events in liver cancer, involving a p38-mediated activation of caspase cascades. These data highlighted a usefulness of curcumin or its analogs on the management of hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chun Hsueh
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chung Ju
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Bin Yeh
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhong Y, Li MY, Han L, Tai Y, Cao S, Li J, Zhao H, Wang R, Lv B, Shan Z, Zuo HX, Piao L, Jin HL, Xing Y, Jin X, Ma J. Galangin inhibits programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression by suppressing STAT3 and MYC and enhances T cell tumor-killing activity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154877. [PMID: 37267692 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The flavonoid galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is derived from the root of Alpinia officinarum Hance, an edible and medicinal herb. Galangin has many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-obesogenic, and anti-oxidant effects. However, the anti-tumor mechanism of galangin remains unclear. PURPOSE To elucidate the anti-tumor mechanisms of galangin in vitro and in vivo. METHODS MTT, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence assays were used to assess the mechanism of galangin inhibiting PD-L1 expression. The effect of galangin on T cell activity was analyzed in Hep3B/T cell co-cultures. Colony formation, EdU, migration, and invasion assays were performed to explore the effect of galangin on cancer progression and metastasis. Anti-tumor effects of galangin were investigated in a xenograft model. RESULTS Galangin inhibited PD-L1 expression dose-dependently, which plays a major role in tumor progression. Moreover, galangin blocked STAT3 activation through the JAK1/JAK2/Src signaling pathway and Myc activation through the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Galangin reduced PD-L1 expression by suppressing STAT3 and Myc cooperatively. Galangin increased the killing effect of T cells on tumor cells in Hep3B/T cell co-cultures. Moreover, galangin inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through PD-L1. In vivo experiments showed that galangin suppressed tumor growth. CONCLUSION Galangin enhances T-cell activity and inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through PD-L1. The current study emphasizes the anti-tumor properties of galangin, offering new insights into the development of tumor therapeutics targeting PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhong
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Yue Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lizhuo Han
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Tai
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shen Cao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hanyu Zhao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Run Wang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Baojiang Lv
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhida Shan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Xiang Zuo
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lianxun Piao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hong Lan Jin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xuejun Jin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Juan Ma
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, Jilin Province, China.
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Ding L, Ning S, Hu W, Xue Y, Yu S. Distinctive Metabolism-Associated Gene Clusters That Are Also Prognostic in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6595989. [PMID: 36199423 PMCID: PMC9527115 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6595989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To offer new prognostic evaluations by exploring potentially distinctive genetic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods There were 12 samples for gene expression profiling processes in this study. These included three HCC lesion samples and their matched adjacent nontumor liver tissues obtained from patients with HCC, as well as three ICC samples and their controls collected similarly. In addition to the expression matrix generated on our own, profiles of other cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were also employed in later bioinformatical analyses. Differential analyses, functional analyses, protein interaction network analyses, and gene set variation analyses were used to identify key genes. To establish the prognostic models, univariate/multivariate Cox analyses and subsequent stepwise regression were applied, with the Akaike information criterion evaluating the goodness of fitness. Results The top three pathways enriched in HCC were all metabolism-related; they were fatty acid degradation, retinol metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. In ICC, on the other hand, additional pathways related to fat digestion and absorption and cholesterol metabolism were identified. Consistent characteristics of such a metabolic landscape were observed across different cohorts. A prognostic risk score model for calculating HCC risk was constructed, consisting of ADH4, ADH6, CYP2C9, CYP4F2, and RDH16. This signature predicts the 3-year survival with an AUC area of 0.708 (95%CI = 0.644 to 0.772). For calculating the risk of ICC, a prognostic risk score model was built upon the expression levels of CYP26A1, NAT2, and UGT2B10. This signature predicts the 3-year survival with an AUC area of 0.806 (95% CI = 0.664 to 0.947). Conclusion HCC and ICC share commonly abrupted pathways associated with the metabolism of fatty acids, retinol, arachidonic acids, and drugs, indicating similarities in their pathogenesis as primary liver cancers. On the flip side, these two types of cancer possess distinctive promising biomarkers for predicting overall survival or potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Ding
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shilong Ning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Weijian Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shi'an Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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Mabrouk AA, Eltablawy NA, El-Allawy RM, Abdel Maksoud H, Elsenosi YA. The ameliorating effect of Terminalia muelleri extract on oxidative stress–related factors in induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kahraman E, Göker E. Anticancer effects of imidazole nucleus in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines via the inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4377-4388. [PMID: 35226260 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidazole nucleus has been used efficiently in the development of many drug molecules due to its therapeutic effects. Many derivatives of it have been produced particularly for use in cancer treatment. However, the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in liver cancer cells are as yet unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS Anti-cancer effect of imidazole nucleus was investigated using cell viability assay, apoptosis analysis, cell migration analysis, cell morphology analysis, colony formation assay and 3D cell culture techniques in HuH-7 and Mahlavu cell lines. Also, effect of imidazole on AKT and ERK1/2 pathways were determined using by western blot analysis. Imidazole decreased cell viability in both HCC cell lines in a dose and time-dependent manner and also suppressed the colony forming ability of the cells (p < 0.05). Imidazole increased the cleaved caspase 3 protein levels and thus induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Imidazole induced morphological alterations and autophagy by increasing intracellular vacuolization. Also, imidazole decreased the viability and dimensions of HCC cell tumor spheroids produced in 3D cell cultures (p < 0.05). Moreover, it was observed that all of these effects, are defined above, appeared in parallel with suppression of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways by imidazole nucleus. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this present study established the anti-cancer effects of imidazole nucleus in HCC cell lines and showed that it could be a potential molecule in the treatment of HCC via inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Kahraman
- Research and Application Center of Individualized Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Atatürk Vocational School of Health Services, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Göker
- Research and Application Center of Individualized Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. .,Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Azit NA, Sahran S, Voon Meng L, Subramaniam M, Mokhtar S, Mohammed Nawi A. Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma in type 2 diabetes patients: A two-centre study in a developing country. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260675. [PMID: 34882716 PMCID: PMC8659343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasingly known as a risk factor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we determined the risk factors associated with HCC in T2DM patients. This was a matched case-control study conducted at two hepatobiliary referral centres in a developing country. Patients' sociodemographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics between 1 January 2012 and 30 June 2018 were extracted from the electronic medical records and analysed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 212 case-control pairs were included. Significant risk factors included Chinese and Malay ethnicities that interacted with viral hepatitis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 11.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-99.79) and (AOR = 37.94, 95% CI: 3.92-367.61) respectively, weight loss (AOR = 5.28, 95% CI: 2.29-12.19), abdominal pain/ discomfort (AOR = 6.73, 95% CI: 3.34-13.34), alcohol (AOR = 4.08, 95% CI: 1.81-9.22), fatty liver (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.40-7.76), low platelet (AOR = 4.03, 95% CI:1.90-8.55), raised alanine transaminase (AOR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.16-3.86). and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.17-4.00). Statins reduced the risk of HCC by 63% (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21-0.65). The identification of these factors aids the risk stratification for HCC among T2DM patients for early detection and decision-making in patient management in the primary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Atika Azit
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahnorbanun Sahran
- Faculty of Information Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Leow Voon Meng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), USM, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Manisekar Subramaniam
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Suryati Mokhtar
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, Department of Surgery, Hospital Selayang, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mahfouz DH, El-Magd MA, Mansour GH, Wahab AHA, Abdelhamid IA, Elzayat E. Therapeutic potential of snake venom, l-amino oxidase and sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cell Toxicol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-021-00151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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A new discovery of STAT4 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Chinese Han population: a case-control study. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228970. [PMID: 34100914 PMCID: PMC8314431 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common fatal malignant tumor worldwide. STAT4 is HCC susceptibility gene identified by genome-wide association study. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between four candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in STAT4 genes and HCC risk in Chinese Han population. METHODS A case-control study was conducted to assess the association between STAT4 SNPs and HCC risk in 1011 Chinese Han population. Agena MassARRAY was used to genotype SNPs. The association between SNPs and HCC susceptibility under different genetic models was evaluated by logistic regression analysis. Multifactorial dimension reduction (MDR) analyzed the interaction of 'SNP-SNP' in HCC risk. The difference of clinical characteristics between different genotypes was completed by ANOVA. RESULTS The results showed that STAT4 rs11889341 was significantly associated with HCC risk under multiple genetic models (homozygote: OR = 0.60, p = 0.033; recessive: OR = 0.63, p = 0.028; log-additive: OR = 0.83, p = 0.032). The results of subgroup analysis showed that STAT4 rs11889341 is significantly associated with HCC risk with participants who were > 55 years, male or smoking. Both STAT4 rs7574865 and rs10174238 were significantly associated with HCC risk among participants who were > 55 years old, smoking or drinking. STAT4 haplotype (Trs11889341Trs7574865) could reduce the risk of HCC. In addition, rs11889341 and rs7574865 were significantly associated with the level of serum ferritin. CONCLUSION STAT4 rs11889341, rs7574865 or rs10174238 is potentially associated with HCC risk in Chinese Han population. In particular, rs11889341 showed outstanding association with HCC risk.
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Serum concentrations of selected adipokines in virus-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 6:235-242. [PMID: 33145430 PMCID: PMC7592085 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2020.99517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Hepatotropic viruses cause metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis. Moreover, metabolic factors, such as insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, increase the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with virus-related liver cirrhosis. Cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue (adipokines) may be implicated in these metabolic disturbances, but there is little evidence regarding the role of adipokines in virus-related cirrhosis and HCC. Thus, we studied whether serum concentrations of selected adipokines were altered in patients with virus-related liver cirrhosis, including patients with HCC. Material and methods We included 43 patients with liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C. Of these patients, 36 had HCC and 7 did not have any malignant lesions. In addition to routine clinical and laboratory variables, we analyzed serum concentrations of betatrophin, insulin, vaspin, visfatin, and irisin. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with HCC had significantly increased vaspin concentrations and significantly reduced irisin concentrations. Compared with controls, patients with virus-related cirrhosis, with or without HCC, had significantly increased concentrations of insulin and betatrophin. The serum visfatin concentration was non-significantly higher in patients with virus-related cirrhosis than in controls. None of the studied adipokines was a significant predictor of HCC. Serum concentrations of the studied adipokines were not related to cirrhosis severity or HCC stage. Conclusions Metabolic parameters, including serum adipokine concentrations, are altered in patients with virus-related liver cirrhosis. Adipokines might be related to the HCC risk in these patients.
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Fang L, Gao C, Bai RX, Wang HF, Du SY. Overexpressed sFRP3 exerts an inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma via inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:875-891. [DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Changing risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in hyperendemic regions in the era of universal hepatitis B vaccination. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101775. [PMID: 32623359 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LongAn, Guangxi, was the first county in China to implement universal childhood hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization. We aimed to determine its long-term effects in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) 32 years after the immunization programme was launched. METHODS Information on HCC deaths for LongAn and its neighbouring county, BinYang (where universal hepatitis B vaccination was not started till 2002), were obtained from the national mortality surveillance system. The data were analysed using Poisson regression. RESULTS The overall age-adjusted mortalities of HCC in LongAn and BinYang during 2017-2018 were 53.3/100,000 and 45.4/100,000, respectively. The mortality of males aged 20-29 years in LongAn, who were vaccinated at birth, was lower (2.7/100,000, 95%CI 0.8-4.5) than that of males in BinYang, who were not vaccinated (4.7/100,000, 95%CI 3.2-6.3). In LongAn, the HCC mortality in adults aged 20-29 years declined significantly from 7.9/100,000 (95%CI 4.4-11.4) in 2004 to 1.4/100,000 (95%CI 0.4-2.4) in 2017-2018 (χ2 = 5.554, p = 0.018). Among those vaccinated at birth, the HCC mortality in mountainous areas, where dietary exposure to aflatoxins is more common, is higher (9.0/100,000, 95%CI 4.5-13.5) than in low-lying areas (6.5/100,000, 95%CI 3.6-9.4) (χ2 = 0.2393, p = 0.618). CONCLUSION Immunization of infants against HBV has reduced their risk of developing HCC as children and young adults but could not prevent all cases of HCC, suggesting that the major risk factor for HCC in hyperendemic regions is shifting from HBV to other factors. Additional prevention strategies for HCC will be needed in the future.
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Naguib M, Helwa MM, Soliman MM, Abdel-Samiee M, Eljaky AM, Hammam O, Zaghla H, Abdelsameea E. XRCC1 Gene Polymorphism Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Egyptian Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1031-1037. [PMID: 32334466 PMCID: PMC7445958 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Section Title Several major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been identified, including chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Nevertheless, only a fraction of infected patients develops HCC during their lifetime suggesting that genetic factors might modulate HCC development. X-ray repair cross complementing group1 (XRCC1) participates in the repair pathways of DNA. Aim: to investigate the association between XRCC1 gene polymorphism and HCC in Egyptian chronic hepatitis C patients. Methods: This study was assessed on 40 patients with HCC secondary to chronic HCV infection who were compared to 20 cirrhotic HCV patients and 40- age and gender- matched healthy control group. After collection of relevant clinical data and basic laboratory tests, c.1517G>C SNP of XRCC1 gene polymorphism was performed by (PCR-RFLP) technique. Results: A statistically higher frequency of XRCC1 (CC, GC) genotypes and increased (C) allele frequency in patients with HCC was found in comparison to cirrhotic HCV patients as well as control group. In addition, patients with the XRCC1 (CC, GC) genotypes had significantly higher number and larger size of tumor foci and significantly higher Child Pugh grades. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of c.1517G>C SNP of XRCC1 gene is an independent risk for the development of HCC in chronic HCV patients with 3.7 fold increased risk of HCC development. In conclusion: XRCC1 gene polymorphism could be associated with increased risk of HCC development in chronic HCV Egyptian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Naguib
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Helwa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Soliman
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Samiee
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Eljaky
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Osama Hammam
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Hassan Zaghla
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Abdelsameea
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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14
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Craciun L, de Wind R, Demetter P, Lucidi V, Bohlok A, Michiels S, Bouazza F, Vouche M, Tancredi I, Verset G, Garaud S, Naveaux C, Galdon MG, Gallo KW, Hendlisz A, Derijckere ID, Flamen P, Larsimont D, Donckier V. Retrospective analysis of the immunogenic effects of intra-arterial locoregional therapies in hepatocellular carcinoma: a rationale for combining selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) and immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:135. [PMID: 32075608 PMCID: PMC7032008 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy represents a promising option for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients but its efficacy is currently inconsistent and unpredictable. Locoregional therapies inducing immunogenic cell death, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), have the potential to act synergistically with immunotherapy. For the development of new approaches combining locoregional treatments with immunotherapy, a better understanding of the respective effects of TACE and SIRT on recruitment and activation of immune cells in HCC is needed. To address this question, we compared intra-tumor immune infiltrates in resected HCC after preoperative treatment with TACE or SIRT. Methods Data fromr patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for HCC, without preoperative treatment (SURG, n = 32), after preoperative TACE (TACE, n = 16), or preoperative SIRT (n = 12) were analyzed. Clinicopathological factors, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and granzyme B (GZB) expression in resected HCC, and postoperative overall and progression-free survival were compared between the three groups. Results Clinicopathological and surgical characteristics were similar in the three groups. A significant increase in TILs, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and GZB expression was observed in resected HCC in SIRT as compared to TACE and SURG groups. No difference in immune infiltrates was observed between TACE and SURG patients. Within the SIRT group, the dose of irradiation affected the type of immune infiltrate. A significantly higher ratio of CD3+ cells was observed in the peri-tumoral area in patients receiving < 100 Gy, whereas a higher ratio of intra-tumoral CD4+ cells was observed in patients receiving > 100 Gy. Postoperative outcomes were similar in all groups. Irrespective of the preoperative treatment, the type and extent of immune infiltrates did not influence postoperative survival. Conclusions SIRT significantly promotes recruitment/activation of intra-tumor effector-type immune cells compared to TACE or no preoperative treatment. These results suggest that SIRT is a better candidate than TACE to be combined with immunotherapy for treatment of HCC. Evaluation of the optimal doses for SIRT for producing an immunogenic effect and the type of immunotherapy to be used require further evaluation in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Craciun
- Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Roland de Wind
- Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Pathology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Valerio Lucidi
- Abdominal Surgery, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ali Bohlok
- Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Michiels
- Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fikri Bouazza
- Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Vouche
- Radiology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ilario Tancredi
- Radiology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Gontran Verset
- Gastroenterology and Medical Oncology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Soizic Garaud
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Céline Naveaux
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Maria Gomez Galdon
- Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Karen Willard Gallo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alain Hendlisz
- Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ivan Duran Derijckere
- Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrick Flamen
- Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Vincent Donckier
- Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Héger-Bordet, 1, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium.
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15
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Lv S, Ning H, Li Y, Wang J, Jia Q, Wen H. Inhibition of cyclinB1 Suppressed the Proliferation, Invasion, and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells and Enhanced the Sensitivity to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1119-1128. [PMID: 32103981 PMCID: PMC7008233 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s225202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CyclinB1 is highly expressed in various tumor tissues and plays an important role in tumor progression. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of cyclinB1 in the development and progression of HCC. Methods The expression of cyclinB1 was analyzed using the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database, and detected in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. CyclinB1-short hairpin RNA (Sh-cyclinB1) was transfected into HCC cells to knockdown cyclinB1, and the effect of cyclinB1 knockdown on HCC was examined via the MTT assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, scratch assay, cell cycle analysis in vitro, and xenograft model in nude mice. In addition, the role of cyclinB1 on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry and Western blotting. Results The GEPIA database analysis showed that cyclinB1 was highly expressed in HCC tissues. The results of qRT-PCR and Western blotting proved that the expression of cyclinB1 was significantly increased in HCC tissues and cell lines. The data of the MTT assay, colony formation assay, and cell cycle analysis indicated that cyclinB1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells. In addition, cell migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition were also impaired by cyclinB1 knockdown. Furthermore, the xenograft model in nude mice demonstrated that inhibition of cyclinB1 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Finally, the results of flow cytometry and Western blotting indicated that inhibition of cyclinB1 enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Conclusion Overall, these data provide reasonable evidence that cyclinB1 may serve as a proto-oncogene during the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyu Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450018, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Hassanipour S, Vali M, Gaffari-Fam S, Nikbakht HA, Abdzadeh E, Joukar F, Pourshams A, Shafaghi A, Malakoutikhah M, Arab-Zozani M, Salehiniya H, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:108-130. [PMID: 32038120 PMCID: PMC7003639 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma or Liver cancer (LC) is the sixth most common cancer and the fourth cause of death worldwide in 2018. There has not been a comprehensive study on the survival rate of patients with LC in Asia yet. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the survival rate of patients with LC in Asian countries. The methodology of the present study is based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement. The researchers searched five international databases including Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Knowledge and ProQuest until July 1, 2018. We also searched Google Scholar for detecting grey literature. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form was used to evaluate the quality of selected papers. A total of 1425 titles were retrieved. 63 studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the random-effect model one-year, three-year and five-year survival rate of LC were 34.8 % (95 % CI; 30.3-39.3), 19 % (95 % CI ; 18.2-21.8) and 18.1 % (95 % CI ;16.1-20.1) respectively. According to the results of our study, the LC survival rate in Asian countries is relatively lower than in Europe and North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Hassanipour
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mouhebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saber Gaffari-Fam
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein-Ali Nikbakht
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Elham Abdzadeh
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Shafaghi
- Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malakoutikhah
- Department of Occupational Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.,Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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17
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Mohamed BF, Serag WM, Abdelal RM, Elsergany HF. S100A14 protein as diagnostic and prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-019-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Protein S100A14 has recently been implicated in the progress of several types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of S100A14 in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Results
S100A14 was significantly elevated in the HCC group. A cut-off value for serum S100A14 between the HCC group and cirrhosis group is > 0.47 with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 88.57%. S100A14 level was a significant diagnostic factor for HCC and a good reference for HCC progression.
Conclusion
These results suggest that S100A14 is a good diagnostic marker for HCC.
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18
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Ghani MU, Haque A, Iqbal MS, Ashfaq UA, Mausood MS, Qasim M, Jahan S, Shamsi FB, Yousaf M. TGF-β1 rs1800469 gene polymorphism in the development of cirrhosis & hepatocellular carcinoma in Pakistani HCV patients. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been increasing among Pakistani males. Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the role of TGF-β-1 gene polymorphism as a risk factor in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected HCC patients in Pakistan. Patients & methods: A total of 286 subjects were recruited into three different groups (Group I: 96 healthy controls, Group II: 96 HCV, Group III: 94 HCC). Results: A significant increase in genotype and allele frequencies of TGF-β-1 gene was observed in HCC, HCV with OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.275–2.871; p > 0.05, OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.12–2.51; p > 0.05 and OR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.036–1.923; p > 0.05. Conclusion: A higher frequency of the TT genotype and T allele of the TGF-β-1 gene is observed in Pakistani HCV and HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Ghani
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Haque
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarfaraz Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology(SAB), University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology University of Health Science, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farwa Batool Shamsi
- Department of Pathology, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Department of Pathology, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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19
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Deng Y, Ning Z, Hu Z, Yu Q, He B, Hu G. High interleukin-8 and/or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5215-5224. [PMID: 31612032 PMCID: PMC6781488 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-8 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2 play key roles in tumor progression, but the relationship between IL-8 and/or ERK2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and postoperative recurrence or survival is unclear. The expression levels of IL-8 and ERK2 in both HCC tissues and non-tumor liver tissues were analyzed using the Oncomine™ database and immunohistochemistry assay. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was then used to evaluate the expression levels of IL-8 and ERK2 in the tumor tissues of 67 patients with HCC undergoing radical hepatectomy. Pearson's correlation, Kaplan-Meier, Cox univariate and multivariate survival analyses were utilized to determine the correlation between IL-8 and ERK2 expression in HCC tissues, and their potential prognostic significance. As indicated by the data from the Oncomine™ database, and the patient samples, IL-8 and ERK2 were expressed at significantly higher levels in HCC tissues than in non-tumor liver tissues (P<0.05). The rates of high IL-8 and ERK2 expression in HCC tissues were 43.28 (29/67) and 34.33% (23/67), respectively, and the IL-8 and ERK2 expression levels were positively correlated (r=0.764; P<0.001). Both ERK2 expression and IL-8/ERK2 co-expression were significantly associated with tumor size and differentiation (P<0.05). Additionally, high expression levels of IL-8, ERK2 and IL-8/ERK2 co-expression were all significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS; P<0.05) and disease-free survival (DFS; P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis also showed that high expression levels of IL-8, ERK2, and IL-8 and ERK2 were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS (P<0.05). The results of the present study indicate a significant increase in the risk of recurrence and mortality in HCC patients with high expression levels of IL-8 and/or ERK2, compared with patients with low expression. Therefore, IL-8 and ERK2 may be predictors of postoperative prognosis in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyuan Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Ning
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130013, P.R. China
| | - Zhiya Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410015, P.R. China
| | - Qianle Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Guohuang Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China.,Institute of Digestive Surgery, Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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20
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Guo T, Liu P, Yang J, Wu P, Chen B, Liu Z, Li Z. Evaluation of Targeted Agents for Advanced and Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Network Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:4671-4678. [PMID: 31528232 PMCID: PMC6746130 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate different targeted anticancer agents for patients with advanced or unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on network meta-analysis. Methods: Literature retrieval was conducted in globally recognized databases, namely, MEDLINE, PMC, EMBASE and Cochrane Central to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Relative parametric data, including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and adverse event (AE), were quantitatively pooled and estimated based on the Bayesian theorem. The values of the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities regarding each parameter were calculated and ranked. Node-splitting analysis was performed to test the inconsistency of the main results, and publication bias was assessed by examining funnel-plot symmetry. Results: After a detailed review, 31 RCTs containing 20 different agents or combinations were finally included for network meta-analysis. For patients without previously systematic treatments, lenvatinib had the best clinical effects on OS (SUCRA, 0.22), and apatinib was superior regarding PFS (SUCRA, 0.41) and AE (SUCRA, 0.15). For patients who received previously targeted agents therapies, regorafenib exhibited the superior clinical effects on OS (SUCRA, 0.42) and PFS (SUCRA, 0.30), while codrituzumab showed the greatest safety benefit on AE (SUCRA, 0.75). Moreover, node-splitting analysis and funnel-plot symmetries illustrated no inconsistency or obvious publication bias in the current study. Conclusions: According to current evidence, lenvatinib and apatinib had superior clinical effects for patients without previously systematic treatments, and regorafenib seemed to be more suitable for patients with previously targeted agent therapies. However, our conclusions still need more statistical validations, and more high-quality trials are expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Nursing, Huanggang Polytechnic College, Huanggang, 438002, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhisu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
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21
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Association of lncRNA CCAT2 and CASC8 Gene Polymorphisms with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162833. [PMID: 31398859 PMCID: PMC6720737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the major histological type of primary liver cancer, is heterogeneous due to the variable prevalence of etiological factors, indicating a correlation of HCC risk with genetic variations among individuals. Among long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) located in the chromosome 8q24 loci and involved in the carcinogenesis are colon cancer associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) and cancer susceptibility candidate 8 (CASC8). In this study, the association of CCAT2 and CASC8 gene polymorphisms with the occurrence of HCC was explored between 397 HCC patients and 1195 controls. We found that carriers of rs6983267 GG in CCAT2 were more susceptible to HCC, with the odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) being 1.532 (95% CI, 1.103–2.129; p = 0.011) and 1.627 (95% CI, 1.120–2.265; p = 0.033), respectively. Moreover, for patients stratified by age (under 65), gender (male only), or status of drinking (habitual drinkers), a protective effect of CASC8 rs3843549 on presenting high Child–Pugh scores, metastatic vascular invasion, or large-size tumors was observed in a dominant model. Collectively, our data reveal association of CCAT2 and CASC8 gene polymorphisms with the occurrence and progression of HCC.
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22
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Association of lncRNA H19 Gene Polymorphisms with the Occurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070506. [PMID: 31277475 PMCID: PMC6678962 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, whose diversified occurrence worldwide indicates a connection between genetic variations among individuals and the predisposition to such neoplasms. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 can have both promotive and inhibitory effects on cancer development, revealing a dual role in tumorigenesis. In this study, the link of H19 gene polymorphisms to hepatocarcinogenesis was assessed between 359 HCC patients and 1190 cancer-free subjects. We found that heterozygotes for the minor allele of H19 rs2839698 (T) and rs3741219 (G) were more inclined to develop HCC (OR, 1.291; 95% CI, 1.003–1.661; p = 0.047, and OR, 1.361; 95% CI, 1.054–1.758; p = 0.018, respectively), whereas homozygotes for the polymorphic allele of rs2107425 (TT) were correlated with a decreased risk of HCC (OR, 0.606; 95% CI, 0.410–0.895; p = 0.012). Moreover, patients who bear at least one variant allele (heterozygote or homozygote) of rs3024270 were less prone to develop late-stage tumors (for stage III/IV; OR, 0.566; 95% CI, 0.342–0.937; p = 0.027). In addition, carriers of a particular haplotype of three H19 SNPs tested were more susceptible to HCC. In conclusion, our results indicate an association between H19 gene polymorphisms and the incidence and progression of liver cancer.
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23
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Zhao W, Liu X, Yu Z, Xiong Z, Wu J, Sun Y, Niu F, Liu J, Jin T. Associations between polymorphisms of the ACYP2 gene and Liver cancer risk: A case-control study and meta-analysis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00716. [PMID: 31124313 PMCID: PMC6625101 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ACYP2 gene may be involved in the process of telomere shortening which may be involved in the liver cancer. So, this research was to examine whether the ACYP2 gene polymorphism has impact on the risk of liver cancer in Chinese population. Methods Two hundred and fifty cirrhosis patients and 248 liver cancer patients were selected. Unconditional logistic regression was to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Analyze the relationship between ACYP2 gene polymorphism and tumor using meta‐analysis. Analyze the expression of ACYP2 gene in liver cancer and its influence on the prognosis of liver cancer by databases (Ualcan, GTEX and Kaplan–Meier plotter). Results In the allele model, ACYP2 rs843720 was protection against the occurrence of cirrhosis developed into liver cancer (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.58–0.99, p = 0.04). Rs1682111 and rs843720 play a protective role in the additive model (rs1682111: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52–0.93, p = 0.01; rs843720: OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54–0.98, p = 0.04).While rs843645 G allele increased the risk of cirrhosis developed into liver cancer under the additive model (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.02–2.00, p = 0.04).The haplotype analysis detected that “ATATCGCC” decreased the risk of cirrhosis developed into liver cancer (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.92, 95% CI: p = 0.013); however, “TGAGCGTC” increased the risk of cirrhosis developed into liver cancer (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.04–2.10, p = 0.027). Meta‐analysis shown that ACYP2 rs1682111 was associated with the risk of cancer (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.78–1.05, p = 0.02). ACYP2 gene high expression was found to be associated with better OS for all liver patients. Conclusion Based on this research, we surmised that ACYP2 gene may be involved in the occurrence of liver cancer in Chinese populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhao
- Department of AnesthesiologyShaanxi Provincial Cancer HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Xu Liu
- Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Zichao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University)Ministry of Education, Northwest UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University)Ministry of Education, Northwest UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University)Ministry of Education, Northwest UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Fanglin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University)Ministry of Education, Northwest UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Jikui Liu
- Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary SurgeryPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University)Ministry of Education, Northwest UniversityXi’anChina
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Fang D, Xiong Z, Xu J, Yin J, Luo R. Chemopreventive mechanisms of galangin against hepatocellular carcinoma: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:2054-2061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Luo J, Chen S, Wang J, Ou S, Zhang W, Liu Y, Qin Z, Xu J, Lu Q, Mo C, Li S, Qin X. Genetic polymorphisms in complement receptor 1 gene and its association with HBV-related liver disease: A case-control study. Gene 2018; 688:107-118. [PMID: 30529247 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several investigators have reported that complement receptor 1 (CR1) likely play a role in the pathogenesis of tumors, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, the association of genetic polymorphisms of CR1 with risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease remains unexplored. METHODS In a case-control study of 399 HBV-related liver disease patients and 227 healthy controls, we genotyped two SNPs in CR1 (rs3811381 and rs2274567) and assessed their associations with risk of HBV-related liver disease. RESULTS No significant differences were observed in the frequency distribution of genotypes or alleles between CR1 rs3811381 and rs2274567 polymorphisms in patients and controls. However, stratification analysis indicated that these two CR1 polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of HBV- hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in subgroups of males, alcohol drinkers and nonsmokers. Further, our results showed that the rs3811381 polymorphism may contribute to HBV-HCC risk in subgroups of older and younger subjects, while the G allele, AG and the combined AG + GG genotypes of rs2274567 may be risk factors for HBV-HCC in younger subjects. In addition, our results indicated that subjects who carried the rs3811381 G allele and the rs2274567 AG genotype were at decreased risk of HBV- liver cirrhosis (LC) in subgroups of females. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that the CR1 gene rs3811381 and rs2274567 polymorphisms may contribute to HBV-HCC and HBV-CHB risk, particularly in subgroups of males, alcohol drinkers, nonsmokers, while these two CR1 polymorphisms were found to associate with decreased risk of HBV-LC, particularly in females. Further validation of these results is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrong Luo
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Shan Ou
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Yanqiong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Department of Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neonatology, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 59, Xiangzhu Road, Nanning, China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cuiju Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xue Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Valean S, Chira R, Dumitrascu D. Epidemiological trends in digestive cancers in Romania, 1955-2012, compared to alcohol consumption. Correlation or coincidence? CLUJUL MEDICAL (1957) 2018; 91:376-386. [PMID: 30564012 PMCID: PMC6296719 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-1067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cancer has emerged as the leading cause of death in human populations. The contribution of alcohol has been highly suspected. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the time trend of digestive cancers in Romania, in terms of mortality rates (1955-2012), and incidence rates (2008-2012), and the alcohol consumption data (1961-2010), aiming to find out if there is any association. METHODS The data on six more common digestive cancers mortality rates (1955-2012) and incidence rates (2008-2012) were obtained from the historical and recent country statistics and publications of International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)/World Health Organisation (WHO), as age-standardized rate expressed per 100,000 population (ASRw). Data on alcohol consumption were obtained from the statistics and publications of WHO and United European Gastroenterology (UEG), as liters of pure alcohol/year. RESULTS Between 1955-2012, the ASRw of mortality registered an increase of the cancers of the esophagus in M (from 2.03 to 3.90), and of colorectal cancer in both sexes (from 4.65 to 18.20 in M, and from 4.57 to 9.70 in F). Between 1980-2012, an increasing trend of mortality was registered, in both sexes, for the cancers of the pancreas (from 5.50 to 9.30 in M and from 2.92 to 5.10 in F) and liver (from 1.77 to 11.00, in M, and from 0.83 to 4.20 in F). In terms of incidence, between 2008-20012, an increasing trend of ASRw was registered for the cancers of the esophagus in M (from 3.90 to 4.30), gastric cancer in M (from 15.90 to 16.30), colorectal cancer in both sexes (from 27.60 to 34.50 in M and from 19.00 to 20.20 in F), pancreatic cancer in F (form 5.20 to 5.90), and liver cancer in M (from 8.10 to 9.20). Alcohol consumption per capita (liters pure alcohol/year) increased in the same period, from an average of 5 in 1961, to 12.8 in 2003-2005, and to 14.4 in 2008-2010. CONCLUSIONS Given the parallel increase of some digestive cancers and alcohol consumption registered in our area, alcohol could represent more than a coincidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Valean
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romeo Chira
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Dumitrascu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Vural H. The effect mechanism of Ginnalin A as a homeopathic agent on various cancer cell lines. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that natural products are beneficial for the protection against cancer. Maple syrup is a natural sweetener often consumed throughout the world. Maple syrup contains various phenolic compounds such as lignans, coumarin and Ginnalin A (GA). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GA shown to have cytotoxic and apoptotic effects in several human carcinoma cell lines. The effect of GA on cell viability was determined by a XTT (2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) assay as described in the manufacturer’s instruction. Total RNA was isolated from cancer cells using TRIzol Reagent and reverse transcription was performed using Script™ cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Expressions of important genes in apoptosis including MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, CDH1 and CDH2, were investigated in dose and control groups by qPCR (quantitative real time- polymerase chain reaction).
When compared with the control group, qPCR results illustrated that a significant increase in gene expression was observed in the expressions of CDH1, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 by 3.52, 5.13 and 2.67 times respectively. Research has shown that Ginnalin A can demonstrate an anti-metastatic effect by regulating the expression of important genes in metastasis on cancer cell lines. Furthermore, in this study the activation of caspase-8 in apoptotic signaling pathways and the pro-apoptotic caspases required for extrinsic apoptotic signal transduction was defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasibe Vural
- Necmettin Erbakan Unversity , Meram Faculty of Medicine , Department of Medical Biology , Konya , Turkey
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Qi LN, Xiang BD, Wu FX, Ye JZ, Zhong JH, Wang YY, Chen YY, Chen ZS, Ma L, Chen J, Gong WF, Han ZG, Lu Y, Shang JJ, Li LQ. Circulating Tumor Cells Undergoing EMT Provide a Metric for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4731-4744. [PMID: 29915159 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the significance of circulating tumor cells (CTC) undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we used an advanced CanPatrol CTC-enrichment technique and in situ hybridization to enrich and classify CTC from blood samples. One hundred and one of 112 (90.18%) patients with HCC were CTC positive, even with early-stage disease. CTCs were also detected in 2 of 12 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), both of whom had small HCC tumors detected within 5 months. CTC count ≥16 and mesenchymal-CTC (M-CTC) percentage ≥2% prior to resection were significantly associated with early recurrence, multi-intrahepatic recurrence, and lung metastasis. Postoperative CTC monitoring in 10 patients found that most had an increased CTC count and M-CTC percentage before clinically detectable recurrence nodules appeared. Analysis of HCC with high CTC count and high M-CTC percentage identified 67 differentially expressed cancer-related genes involved in cancer-related biological pathways (e.g., cell adhesion and migration, tumor angiogenesis, and apoptosis). One of the identified genes, BCAT1, was significantly upregulated, and knockdown in Hepg2, Hep3B, and Huh7 cells reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis. A concomitant increase in epithelial marker expression (EpCAM and E-cadherin) and reduced mesenchymal marker expression (vimentin and Twist) suggest that BCAT1 may trigger the EMT process. Overall, CTCs were highly correlated with HCC characteristics, representing a novel marker for early diagnosis and a prognostic factor for early recurrence. BCAT1 overexpression may induce CTC release by triggering EMT and may be an important biomarker of HCC metastasis.Significance: In liver cancer, CTC examination may represent an important "liquid biopsy" tool to detect both early disease and recurrent or metastatic disease, providing cues for early intervention or adjuvant therapy. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4731-44. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Nan Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology research center, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology research center, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology research center, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Zhou Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zu-Shun Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Feng Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ze-Guang Han
- China National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, Shanghai City, China
| | - Yan Lu
- SurExam Bio-Tech, Guangzhou Technology Innovation Base, Science City, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin-Jie Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China. .,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology research center, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
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Li RD, Tang YH, Wang HL, Yang D, Sun LJ, Li W. The SMYD3 VNTR 3/3 polymorphism confers an increased risk and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Chinese population. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:625-630. [PMID: 29691085 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies in China, and the genetic link of hepatocarcinogenesis remains to be defined. Thus, we explored the role of SET and myeloid translocation protein 8, Nervy, and DEAF1 (MYND) domain containing protein 3 (SMYD3) gene polymorphism on risk and prognosis of HCC. METHODS A total of 236 patients with HCC who received treatment in Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University for the first time and 230 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. After DNA extraction for all the subjects, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify and sequence variable numbers of tandem repeat (VNTR) loci of SMYD3 gene. SMYD3 gene was genotyped and its frequency distribution was calculated. Age, education level, income, smoking and drinking history, HCC family history, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, maximum tumor diameter, lymph node metastasis (LNM) etc. were investigated. Correlation of SMYD3 gene polymorphism and other risk factors with the occurrence and prognosis of HCC was analyzed. RESULTS The family history of HCC, drinking history, cirrhosis, and HBV or/and HCV infection, SMYD3 VNTR 3/3 were more frequently observed in subjects with HCC. Patients with SMYD3 VNTR 3/3 genotype, drinking-history, family history of HCC, cirrhosis and hepatitis B virus (HBV), TNM staging, maximum tumor diameter, LNM were more vulnerable to HCC. Besides, patients with SMYD3 VNTR 3/3 genotype had lower 2- and 3-year survival rate. The COX regression analysis revealed that drinking history, family history of HCC, SMYD3 VNTR 3/3 genotype, TNM staging, and LNM were all related to the prognosis of HCC. CONCLUSION This study indicates that drinking history, family history of HCC and SMYD3 VNTR 3/3, TNM staging, maximum tumor diameter, LNM might be risk factors for HCC, and SMYD3 VNTR 3/3 might contribute to a lower 2- and 3-year survival rate of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272009, PR China
| | - Yan-Hua Tang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272009, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272009, PR China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272009, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Sun
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272009, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272009, PR China
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Wang G, Bi C. Correlations of pri-Let-7 gene polymorphisms with the recurrence and metastasis of primary liver cancer after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:667-672. [PMID: 29627220 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNAs could change their production or affinity with target genes, thus leading to malignant diseases. This study aims to explore correlations of pri-let-7 gene polymorphisms with the recurrence and metastasis of primary liver cancer (PLC) after a transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) surgical procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 302 PLC patients treated with hepatoprotective therapies after TACE were selected to and assigned into recurrent and non-recurrent groups. Genotypes of pri-let-7a-1 rs1073997 and pri-let-7a-2 rs629367 were analyzed by Taqman assay. The relationship between PLC with the mutation of each SNP was determined by a multivariate logistic regression analyses. Moreover, the association between survival and pri-let-7 gene polymorphisms was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The Progress Free Survival (PFS) curve, correlation of pri-let-7a-1 rs629367 with alcohol, HBsAg-positive and TNM III/IV were analyzed by a stratified analysis. Additionally, the risk factors for the recurrence of PLC were analyzed by a multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Results showed that the allelic frequency of the pri-let-7a-2 rs629367 SNP in the recurrent group was higher than that of the non-recurrent group. The distribution of CC genotype was significantly higher than non-CC genotype in the recurrent group. Alcohol consumption, positive expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), AC + CC genotype of rs629367 and TNM III/IV were determined to be the risk factors for the recurrence and metastasis of PLC after TACE. We found a positive correlation between pri-let-7a-2 rs629367 with alcohol consumption, HBsAg-positive and TNM III/IV. The median PFS of HBsAg-positive and TNM III/IV patients with the AC + CC genotype of rs629367 was shorter than those with non-AC + CC genotype. CONCLUSION Our findings provide evidence that patients with PLC that carry the AC + CC genotype of pri-let-7a-2 rs629367 after TACE have a worse prognosis than those who carry the AA genotype. We speculate that the pri-let-7 rs629367 SNP could be used as a predictor of recurrence and metastasis after TACE for patients with PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, PR China.
| | - Cong Bi
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, PR China
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Krstic J, Galhuber M, Schulz TJ, Schupp M, Prokesch A. p53 as a Dichotomous Regulator of Liver Disease: The Dose Makes the Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E921. [PMID: 29558460 PMCID: PMC5877782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle-related disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, have become a primary risk factor for the development of liver pathologies that can progress from hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, to the most severe condition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While the prevalence of liver pathologies is steadily increasing in modern societies, there are currently no approved drugs other than chemotherapeutic intervention in late stage HCC. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify and investigate causative molecular pathways that can yield new therapeutic avenues. The transcription factor p53 is well established as a tumor suppressor and has recently been described as a central metabolic player both in physiological and pathological settings. Given that liver is a dynamic tissue with direct exposition to ingested nutrients, hepatic p53, by integrating cellular stress response, metabolism and cell cycle regulation, has emerged as an important regulator of liver homeostasis and dysfunction. The underlying evidence is reviewed herein, with a focus on clinical data and animal studies that highlight a direct influence of p53 activity on different stages of liver diseases. Based on current literature showing that activation of p53 signaling can either attenuate or fuel liver disease, we herein discuss the hypothesis that, while hyper-activation or loss of function can cause disease, moderate induction of hepatic p53 within physiological margins could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of liver pathologies. Hence, stimuli that lead to a moderate and temporary p53 activation could present new therapeutic approaches through several entry points in the cascade from hepatic steatosis to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Krstic
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Markus Galhuber
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehhbrücke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Prokesch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism & Aging, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Sheng N, Li Y, Qian R, Li Y. The clinical significance and biological function of lncRNA RGMB-AS1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:577-584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Jiang BG, Wan ZH, Huang J, Li LM, Liu H, Fu SY, Yang Y, Zhang J, Yuan SX, Wang RY, Yang Y, Gu FM, Dong LW, Pan ZY, Zhou WP. Elevated ZC3H15 increases HCC growth and predicts poor survival after surgical resection. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37238-37249. [PMID: 27191988 PMCID: PMC5095072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger CCCH-type containing 15 (ZC3H15), also known as DRG family regulatory protein 1 (DFRP1), is a highly conserved eukaryotic protein that associates with active translation machinery. The aim of our study was to explore the clinical relevance and intrinsic functions of ZC3H15 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We constructed a cohort with 261 tumor and matched normal tissues from HCC patients. ZC3H15 protein and mRNA levels were determined using immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. ZC3H15 was highly expressed in the majority of HCC cases, and high ZC3H15 levels were significantly associated with high serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) levels (>20 ng/mL) and vascular invasion. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression data indicated that elevated ZC3H15 was an independent predictor for HCC-specific disease-free survival (hazards ratio [HR], 1.789; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.298-2.466 [P=0.0004]) and overall survival (HR, 1.613; 95% CI, 1.120-2.322 [P=0.0101]). Interaction of ZC3H15 with TRAF2 increased activation of NFκB signaling. These results suggest ZC3H15 is an independent prognostic marker in HCC patients that is clinicopathologically associated with tumor invasion and serum AFP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Ge Jiang
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hua Wan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Li-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yuan Fu
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shen-Xian Yuan
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruo-Yu Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Ming Gu
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Li-Wei Dong
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Ya Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- Hepatic Surgery Department III, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, National Innovation Alliance for Hepatitis & Liver Cancer, Shanghai, P. R. China
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35
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Ko KP, Shin A, Cho S, Park SK, Yoo KY. Environmental contributions to gastrointestinal and liver cancer in the Asia-Pacific region. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:111-120. [PMID: 28960448 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the Asia-Pacific region, gastric, colorectal, and hepatocellular (liver) cancer show substantial regional variation in incidence consistent with the presence of important environmental factors. For gastric cancer, global incidence is concentrated in Asia with substantially higher rates in East Asia than in South-East Asia and Australia. The differences in incidence rates for gastric cancer in the Asia-Pacific region may be due, in part, to differences in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the prevalence of H. pylori virulence factors. Smoking is also correlated with gastric cancer risk and is responsible for the highest population attributable fraction among men in East Asia. Colorectal cancer has increased rapidly in incidence to become the third most common digestive cancer in Asia. According to cohort studies in Asia, smoking, alcohol use, obesity, and physical inactivity increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Unlike West Asia, East Asia and Australia have high incidence rates for colorectal cancer that correlates to a high Human Development Index and a high prevalence of alcohol consumption and obesity. Liver cancer is the second most common digestive cancer in Asia. The high incidence of liver cancer in East Asia and South-East Asia is concordant with the high prevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Other important risk factors include alcohol use, smoking, and diabetes. The identification of the earlier and other environmental factors (currently under investigation) is central to the development and implementation of effective cancer control programs for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Pil Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooyoung Cho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Korean Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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36
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You Y, Zheng Q, Dong Y, Xie X, Wang Y, Wu S, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xue T, Wang Z, Chen R, Wang Y, Cui J, Ren Z. Matrix stiffness-mediated effects on stemness characteristics occurring in HCC cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32221-31. [PMID: 27050147 PMCID: PMC5078009 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix stiffness as an important physical attribute of extracellular matrix exerts significant impacts on biological behaviors of cancer cells such as growth, proliferation, motility, metabolism and invasion. However, its influence on cancer stemness still remains elusive. Here, we explore whether matrix stiffness-mediated effects on stemness characteristics occur in HCC cells. As the substrate stiffness increased, HCC cells exhibited high proportion of cells with CD133(+)/EpCAM(+), high expression levels of CD133, EpCAM, Nanog and SOX2, greater self-renewing ability and oxaliplatin resistance. Simultaneously, their phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR, as well as p-4E-BP and SOX2 expressions were also obviously upregulated. Conversely, knockdown of integrin β1 partially attenuated higher stiffness-mediated stemness characteristics in HCC cells, and reversed the phosphorylation levels of Akt and mTOR, and expressions of p-4E-BP and SOX2, suggesting that integrin β1 may deliver higher stiffness signal into HCC cells and activate mTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, mTOR inhibitor suppressed the mTOR phosphorylation level and expression levels of p-4E-BP and SOX2 in HCC cells grown on higher stiffness substrate, as well as depressed their stemness properties significantly, favoring a regulating role of mTOR signaling pathway in matrix stiffness-mediated effects on stemness. In summary, matrix stiffness may be involved in the process of stemness regulation via activating integrin β1/Akt/mTOR/SOX2 signaling pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this study first reveals a novel regulating pathway to direct the stemness characteristics in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qiongdan Zheng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yinying Dong
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Xie
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Sifan Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yingcong Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Tongchun Xue
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital Subdivision, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, PR China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiefeng Cui
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University & Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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37
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El Miniawy HMF, Ahmed KA, Mansour SA, Khattab MMS. In vivo antitumour potential of camel's milk against hepatocellular carcinoma in rats and its improvement of cisplatin renal side effects. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1513-1520. [PMID: 28372475 PMCID: PMC6130505 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1309553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Camel milk (CM) is recommended for liver disease patients in Egypt for a strong belief that it has a curative effect. OBJECTIVE The effect of consumption of CM with or without chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin was evaluated on induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar male rats (56) were divided into eight groups (7 rats each). Group I was control. Hepatocarcinogenesis was initiated by a single dose of intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) (200 mg/kg BW) and promoted by phenobarbitone (500 ppm) in drinking water in groups V, VI, VII and VIII. Treatment started from 28th till 38th week using CM (5 mL/day) and/or cisplatin (5 mg/kg/3 weeks) in groups II, III IV, VI, VII and VIII. Biochemical analysis, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver tissue were performed. Histopathology of liver and kidney and immunohistochemistry of placental glutathione-S-transferase (P-GST) in liver were performed and analyzed using image analysis. RESULTS Albumin concentration and SOD activity were 3.13 ± 0.23 and 311.45 ± 41.71 in group VII (DENA & cisplatin), whereas they were 4.3 ± 0.15 and 540.5 ± 29.94 in group VII (DENA, CM and cisplatin). The mean area of altered hepatocellular foci and P-GST altered foci decreased in group VI (DENA and CM) (1049.6 ± 174.78 and 829.1 ± 261) and group VIII (cisplatin and CM) (1615.12 ± 436 and 543.9 ± 127) compared to group V (DENA only) (4173.74 ± 510.7 and 3169.49 ± 538.61). Cisplatin caused chronic interstitial nephritis, which was slightly alleviated in group VIII (CM and cisplatin). CONCLUSIONS CM had an antioxidant effect and together with cisplatin managed to decrease hepatocarcinogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Camelus
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/prevention & control
- Cisplatin/toxicity
- Diethylnitrosamine
- Glutathione S-Transferase pi/metabolism
- Kidney/drug effects
- Kidney/pathology
- Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control
- Male
- Milk
- Nephritis, Interstitial/chemically induced
- Nephritis, Interstitial/pathology
- Nephritis, Interstitial/prevention & control
- Phenobarbital
- Rats, Wistar
- Serum Albumin/metabolism
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala M. F. El Miniawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A. Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sameeh A. Mansour
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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38
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Cheng Y, Luo R, Zheng H, Wang B, Liu Y, Liu D, Chen J, Xu W, Li A, Zhu Y. Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of sorafenib and fluvastatin in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:23265-23276. [PMID: 28423574 PMCID: PMC5410302 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance to sorafenib is common in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). We examined the effects of a combination of sorafenib and fluvastatin on HCC using in vitro and in vivo models. The dual treatment induced apoptosis and reduced cellular viability in HCC more effectively than either drug alone. The combination treatment also inhibited activation of hepatic stellate cells, whereas single drug treatments did not. On a molecular level, combined treatment inhibited activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways via Toll-like receptor 4 in HCC cells. Combined treatment also inhibited expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1α in HCC cells, which further inhibited the MAPK pathway in hepatic stellate cells. These results suggest that a combination of sorafenib and fluvastatin may be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - RongCheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - YaHui Liu
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - DingLi Liu
- Liver Tumor Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - JinZhang Chen
- Liver Tumor Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - WanFu Xu
- Digestive Department, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - AiMin Li
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510315, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Liver Tumor Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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39
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Xiang X, Qin HG, You XM, Wang YY, Qi LN, Ma L, Xiang BD, Zhong JH, Li LQ. Expression of P62 in hepatocellular carcinoma involving hepatitis B virus infection and aflatoxin B1 exposure. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2357-2369. [PMID: 28941211 PMCID: PMC5633547 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the relationship and mechanism between expression of autophagy‐related protein P62 and prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involving chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure. HCC patients who underwent resection were divided into three groups: HBV(+)/AFB1(+) (n = 26), HBV(+)/AFB1(−) (n = 68), and HBV(−)/AFB1(−) (n = 14). The groups were compared in terms of mRNA and protein levels of P62, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) and the expression of NRF2, Nqo1, and AKR7A3 in P62 high‐expression and low‐expression group. HBV(+)/AFB1(+) group has lower DFS and OS, and higher P62 expression than in the other two groups. P62 expression generally correlated with elevated NRF2 and Nqo1 expression, and reduced AKR7A3 expression. Patients expressing high levels of P62 showed significantly lower DFS and OS rates than patients expressing low levels. HCC involving HBV infection and AFB1 exposure is associated with relatively high risk of tumor recurrence, and this poor prognosis may relate to high P62 expression. High P62 expression activates the NRF2 pathway, promotes tumor recurrence. The downregulation of AKR7A3 also reduced liver detoxification of aflatoxin B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hong-Gui Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xue-Mei You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lu-Nan Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Le-Qun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cancer Institute, Hospital Oncology School, Guangxi Cancer Center, Nanning, 530021, China.,Guangxi Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanning, 530021, China
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40
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Su SC, Ho YC, Liu YF, Reiter RJ, Chou CH, Yeh CM, Lee HL, Chung WH, Hsieh MJ, Yang SF. Association of melatonin membrane receptor 1A/1B gene polymorphisms with the occurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85655-85669. [PMID: 29156748 PMCID: PMC5689638 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent primary neoplasm of the liver, whose heterogeneous global incidence suggests the likely impact of genetic variations among individuals on the susceptibility to this disease. Increasing evidence indicates that melatonin exhibits oncostatic properties in many cancer types at least in part mediated by its membrane-bound receptors, melatonin receptor 1A (encoded by MTNR1A) and 1B (MTNR1B). In this study, the effect of melatonin receptor gene polymorphisms on the risk and progression of hepatic tumors was evaluated between 335 HCC patients and 1196 cancer-free subjects. We detected a significant association of MTNR1A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs6553010, with the elevated risk of HCC (AOR, 1.587; 95% CI, 1.053–2.389; p = 0.027) after being adjusted for two potential confounders, age and alcohol use. In addition, patients who carry at least one polymorphic allele (heterozygote or homozygote) of MTNR1A rs2119882 or rs2375801 were more prone to develop distant metastasis (OR, 5.202; 95% CI, 1.163–23.270; p = 0.031, and OR, 7.782; 95% CI, 1.015–59.663; p = 0.048, for rs2119882 and rs2375801, respectively). Further analyses revealed that rs2119882 is located on the consensus binding site of GATA2 transcription factor within the promoter region of MTNR1A gene, and that a correlation between the levels of GATA2 and melatonin receptor 1A was observed in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) dataset. Moreover, individuals bearing a specific haplotype of four MTNR1B SNPs were more prone to develop HCC. In conclusion, our data suggest an association of melatonin receptor gene polymorphisms with the risk of HCC and hepatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chuan Ho
- School of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine Sciences and Technology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Deptartment of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Linkou and Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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41
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Li Q, Li S, Wu Y, Gao F. miRNA-708 functions as a tumour suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting SMAD3. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2552-2558. [PMID: 28789462 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent subtype of primary liver cancer and the third most common cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Previous studies have reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) serve key roles in the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC by regulating gene expression. The present study investigated the expression patterns, biological roles and underlying mechanisms of miRNA-708 (miR-708) in HCC. The expression levels of miR-708 in HCC tissue samples and cell lines were examined. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were used to evaluate the effect of miR-708 on HCC cells. In addition, bioinformatic and western blotting analyses, and dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the direct gene target of miR-708. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-708 expression was significantly decreased in HCC tissue samples and cell lines. In addition, the expression level of miR-708 was associated with increased HCC tumour stage. Furthermore, ectopic expression of miR-708 suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The results of the present study also indicated that miR-708 targets SMAD family member 3 directly in vitro. The results of the present study indicated that miR-708 may be a novel target for future HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yan'an City People's Hospital Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Yulin Second Hospital, Yulin Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
| | - Yaolu Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yanan, Shaanxi 716000, P.R. China
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42
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Shriver A, Rudnick S, Intagliata N, Wang A, Caldwell SH, Northup P, Tani CM, Chagas AL, Pfiffer T, Hoff P, Carrilho FJ, Alves de Mattos A. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Procedural Techniques for Large Volume Paracentesis. Ann Hepatol 2017; 16:279-284. [PMID: 28233752 DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1231587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to investigate large volume therapeutic paracentesis using either a z-tract or axial (coxial) technique in a randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, single blind study, patients with cirrhosis undergoing outpatient therapeutic paracentesis were randomized to the z-tract or the modified angular (coaxial) needle insertion technique. Subject and procedure characteristics were compared between the groups with ascites leakage as quantified by need for dressing changes with standardized sized gauze pads as a primary endpoint and subject procedural discomfort, operator preference, and procedure complications as secondary endpoints. RESULTS 72 paracenteses were performed during the study period: 34 to the z-tract and 38 to the coaxial insertion technique. Following exclusions, a total of 61 paracenteses were analyzed: 30 using the z-tract technique and 31 using the coaxial technique. There were equal rates of post-procedural leakage of ascites between groups (13% in both groups, p = 1.00). Using the visual analog scale (0 - 100), there was a statistically significant increase in the subject reported pain score with the z-tract compared with the coaxial method [26.4 (95% CI 18.7 - 34.1) vs. 17.2 (95% CI 10.6 - 23.8), p = 0.04]. Mean physician rated procedure difficulty (1 - 5) was significantly higher for the z-tract versus the coaxial technique [2.1 (95% CI 1.6 - 2.6) vs. 1.5 (95% CI 1.2 - 1.8), p = 0.04]. CONCLUSION When compared to the z-tract technique, the coaxial insertion technique is superior during large volume paracentesis in cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Shriver
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sean Rudnick
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nicolas Intagliata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amanda Wang
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen H Caldwell
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Patrick Northup
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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A Review on Dietary and Non-Dietary Risk Factors Associated with Gastrointestinal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 47:247-54. [PMID: 27270712 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is a complex disease involving neoplasm of abnormal cells leading to development of tumor cells. Gene mutations result in aberrant gene expression, which is the major cause observed in all the cancers. The GLOBOCAN 2012 reported the highest age-standardized rates for cancer of the colorectum followed by stomach, liver, and esophagus, which are gastrointestinal cancers, and the new cases also followed the same order across the globe. Various risk factors are associated with different types of cancer which can be classified as dietary and non-dietary risk factors. The dietary risk factors include diet, alcohol, and nutrient deficiencies, whereas the non-dietary risk factors of cancers are tobacco, lifestyle choices, certain infections, occupational exposures, and environmental factors. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to focus on the dietary and non-dietary risk factors linked to gastrointestinal cancers, which could be beneficial in clinical decision-making.
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Lin GN, Jiang XM, Peng JW, Xiao JJ, Liu DY, Xia ZJ. Prognostic significance of the peripheral blood absolute monocyte count in patients with locally advanced or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma receiving systemic chemotherapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6387-90. [PMID: 25124630 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of the circulating absolute monocyte count (AMC) in patients with locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is uncertain. This study was designed to assess the association of circulating AMC with survival outcomes in patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic HCC receiving systemic chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between January 1, 2005 and December 30, 2012, locally advanced or metastatic HCC patients who had Child-Pugh stage A or B disease and received systemic chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled. Patient features including gender, age, extrahepatic metastasis, Child-Pugh stage, serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) level and AMC were collected to investigate their prognostic impact on overall survival(OS). RESULTS A total of 216 patients were eligible for the study. The optimal cut-off value of AMC for OS analysis was 0.38×10⁹/L. Median OS was 5.84 months in low-AMC group (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.23 to 6.45), and 5.21 months in high-AMC group (95% CI, 4.37 to 6.04; p=0.003). In COX multivariate analysis, elevated AMC remained as an independent prognostic factor for worse OS (HR, 1.578; 95% CI, 1.120 to 2.223, p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our results indiicate that circulating AMC is confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with locally advanced or metastatic HCC receiving systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Nan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China E-mail :
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Soares do Amaral N, Cruz E Melo N, de Melo Maia B, Malagoli Rocha R. Noncoding RNA Profiles in Tobacco- and Alcohol-Associated Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2016; 8:genes8010006. [PMID: 28025544 PMCID: PMC5295001 DOI: 10.3390/genes8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco and alcohol are the leading environmental risk factors in the development of human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and liver injury. Despite the copious amount of research on this topic, by 2030, 8.3 million deaths are projected to occur worldwide due to tobacco use. The expression of noncoding RNAs, primarily microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), is modulated by tobacco and alcohol consumption. Drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes can modulate the expression of miRNAs and lncRNAs through various signaling pathways, such as apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammatory pathways—primarily interleukin 6 (IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which seems to play a major role in the development of diseases associated with these risk factors. Since they may be predictive and prognostic biomarkers, they can be used both as predictors of the response to therapy and as a targeted therapy. Further, circulating miRNAs might be valuable noninvasive tools that can be used to examine diseases that are related to the use of tobacco and alcohol. This review discusses the function of noncoding RNAs in cancer and other human tobacco- and alcohol-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Cruz E Melo
- Molecular Gynecology Laboratory, Gynecologic Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz de Melo Maia
- Molecular Morphology Laboratory, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Malagoli Rocha
- Molecular Gynecology Laboratory, Gynecologic Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Amougou MA, Noah DN, Moundipa PF, Pineau P, Njouom R. A prominent role of Hepatitis D Virus in liver cancers documented in Central Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:647. [PMID: 27821080 PMCID: PMC5100184 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Central Africa, a region with the unusual peculiarity to be hyperendemic for infections with Hepatitis B, C and D viruses. However, data estimating the respective proportions of HCC cases attributable to these viruses are still limited in this area. The current study was undertaken to determine the role of these viruses in HCC compared to non-HCC Cameroonian patients. Methods A case–control study was conducted in the Gastroenterology Unit of Central Hospital of Yaounde in collaboration with Centre Pasteur of Cameroon. Blood samples of all HCC cases (n = 88) and matched control individuals without known liver disease (n = 85) were tested for serological markers of Hepatitis B, C and D viral infections using commercially available enzyme immune-assay kits. Hepatitis B and C viral loads were quantified for positive patients by real-time PCR using commercial kits. Results The mean age was 46.0 ± 18 and 42.1 ± 16 years old for HCC-patients and controls, respectively for a 2.3 Male/Female sex ratio. The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to HCV and antibody to HDV were significantly higher in HCC patients (65.90, 20.26 and 26 % respectively) than in control patients (9.23, 4.62 and 1 %) (P < 2.5 10−5). The risk factors analysis showed that both HBV and HCV infections were strongly associated with HCC development in Cameroon with crude odds ratios of 15.98 (95 % CI 6.19-41.25) and 7.33 (95 % CI 2.09-25.77), respectively. Furthermore, the risk of developing HCC increased even more significantly in case of HBV and HDV co-infections with the odd ratio of 29.3 (95 % CI, 4.1-1231). HBV-DNA level was significantly higher in HBsAg-positive HCC-patients than in HBsAg-positive controls with (6.3 Log IU/mL and 5.7 Log IU/mL) respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion HBV and HCV infections are the mains factors of HCC development in Cameroon. Our results show that patients co-infected with HDV are at very high risk to develop HCC. An active surveillance program of patients and, foremost, an easier access to antivirals and primary prevention measures are crucial steps to reduce the incidence of HCC in this country. Due to the lack of truly efficient antiviral therapy, the fate of HDV-infected patients remains, however, particularly worrying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Fewou Moundipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité « Organisation nucléaire et Oncogenèse », INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Richard Njouom
- Virology Unit, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, BP 1274, Yaounde, Cameroon.
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Jia M, Jiang L, Wang YD, Huang JZ, Yu M, Xue HZ. lincRNA-p21 inhibits invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through Notch signaling-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:1137-1144. [PMID: 27391793 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Emerging evidence has showed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play an important role in the occurrence and development of various cancers. In the present study, the expression level of lincRNA-p21 was investigated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its role in invasion of HCC was also explored. METHODS The lincRNA-p21 levels in human HCC tumor tissue and cell lines HepG2 and SMMC-7721 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transfected HCC cells with pcDNA-lincRNA-p21 or si-lincRNA-p21 for overexpression or downregulation of lincRNA-p21, the Notch signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and cell invasion were measured by western blot and Transwell assay, respectively. A tumor xenotransplant mouse model was also established to investigate the role of lincRNA-p21 in tumor metastasis in vivo. RESULTS The lincRNA-p21 expression was downregulated in HCC tissue and cells. Overexpression of lincRNA-p21 inhibited Notch singling and EMT, while its downregulation led to the reverse result. The invasion of HCC cell was also inhibited by pcDNA-lincRNA-p21, and activation of Notch signaling reversed this effect. In vivo, overexpression of lincRNA-p21 decreased the tumor metastasis, as well. CONCLUSION lincRNA-p21 was downregulated in HCC and lincRNA-p21 overexpression contributed to the inhibition of tumor invasion through mediating Notch signaling induced EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya-Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhao Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huan-Zhou Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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Chávez-López MDG, Zúñiga-García V, Pérez-Carreón JI, Avalos-Fuentes A, Escobar Y, Camacho J. Eag1 channels as potential early-stage biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biologics 2016; 10:139-148. [PMID: 27703327 PMCID: PMC5036561 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s87402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide. HCC is usually asymptomatic at potential curative stages, and it has very poor prognosis if detected later. Thus, the identification of early biomarkers and novel therapies is essential to improve HCC patient survival. Ion channels have been proposed as potential tumor markers and therapeutic targets for several cancers including HCC. Especially, the ether à-go-go-1 (Eag1) voltage-gated potassium channel has been suggested as an early marker for HCC. Eag1 is overexpressed during HCC development from the cirrhotic and the preneoplastic lesions preceding HCC in a rat model. The channel is also overexpressed in human HCC. Astemizole has gained great interest as a potential anticancer drug because it targets several proteins involved in cancer including Eag1. Actually, in vivo studies have shown that astemizole may have clinical utility for HCC prevention and treatment. Here, we will review first some general aspects of HCC including the current biomarkers and therapies, and then we will focus on Eag1 channels as promising tools in the early diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Violeta Zúñiga-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | | | - Arturo Avalos-Fuentes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
| | - Yesenia Escobar
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Acelerada Sc, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Camacho
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional
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Ahmed HH, Abd-Rabou AA, Hassan AZ, Kotob SE. Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-cancer Investigation of Boswellia serrata Bioactive Constituents In Vitro. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7179-88. [PMID: 26514509 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major health obstacle around the world, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) as major causes of morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, there isgrowing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for HCC and CRC, owing to the anticancer activity of their bioactive constituents. Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin has long been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate a variety of health problems such as inflammatory and arthritic diseases. The current study aimed to identify and explore the in vitro anticancer effect of B. Serrata bioactive constituents on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was carried out using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oleo-gum-resin of B. Serrata was then successively extracted with petroleum ether (extract 1) and methanol (extract 2). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the lipoidal matter was also performed. In addition, a methanol extract of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was phytochemically studied using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to obtain four fractions (I, II, III and IV). Sephadex columns were used to isolate β-boswellic acid and identification of the pure compound was done using UV, mass spectra, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. Total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo-gum resin were subsequently applied to HCC cells (HepG2 cell line) and CRC cells (HCT 116 cell line) to assess their cytotoxic effects. GLC analysis of the lipoidal matter resulted in identification of tricosane (75.32%) as a major compound with the presence of cholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. Twenty two fatty acids were identified of which saturated fatty acids represented 25.6% and unsaturated fatty acids 74.4% of the total saponifiable fraction. GC/MS analysis of three chromatographic fractions (I,II and III) of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of pent-2-ene-1,4-dione, 2-methyl- levulinic acid methyl ester, 3,5- dimethyl- 1- hexane, methyl-1-methylpentadecanoate, 1,1- dimethoxy cyclohexane, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene and 17a-hydroxy-17a-cyano, preg-4-en-3-one. GC/MS analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of sabinene (19.11%), terpinen-4-ol (14.64%) and terpinyl acetate (13.01%) as major constituents. The anti-cancer effect of two extracts (1 and 2) and four fractions (I, II, III and IV) as well as volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines was investigated using SRB assay. Regarding HepG2 cell line, extracts 1 and 2 elicited the most pronounced cytotoxic activity with IC50 values equal 1.58 and 5.82 μg/mL at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to doxorubicin with an IC50 equal 4.68 μg/mL at 48 h. With respect to HCT 116 cells, extracts 1 and 2 exhibited the most obvious cytotoxic effect; with IC50 values equal 0.12 and 6.59 μg/mL at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to 5-fluorouracil with an IC50 equal 3.43 μg/ mL at 48 h. In conclusion, total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin proved their usefulness as cytotoxic mediators against HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines with different potentiality (extracts > fractions > volatile oil). In the two studied cell lines the cytotoxic acivity of each of extract 1 and 2 was comparable to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Extensive in vivo research is warranted to explore the precise molecular mechanisms of these bioactive natural products in cytotoxicity against HCC and CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt E-mail :
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Kudo M, Lencioni R, Marrero JA, Venook AP, Bronowicki JP, Chen XP, Dagher L, Furuse J, Geschwind JFH, Ladrón de Guevara L, Papandreou C, Sanyal AJ, Takayama T, Yoon SK, Nakajima K, Lehr R, Heldner S, Ye SL. Regional differences in sorafenib-treated patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: GIDEON observational study. Liver Int 2016; 36:1196-205. [PMID: 26901163 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Treatment approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) vary across countries, but these differences and their potential impact on outcomes have not been comprehensively assessed. Data from the multinational GIDEON (Global Investigation of therapeutic DEcisions in HCC and Of its treatment with sorafeNib) registry evaluated differences in patient characteristics, practice patterns and outcomes in HCC across geographical regions in patients who received sorafenib. METHODS GIDEON is a non-randomised, observational registry study conducted in 39 countries across five global regions. HCC patients in whom a decision to treat with sorafenib was made in clinical practice and according to local practices were included. RESULTS 3202 patients were evaluable for safety analysis: Asia-Pacific (n = 928), Japan (n = 508), Europe (n = 1113), USA (n = 563) and Latin America (n = 90). Patients in Japan had earlier-stage disease at initial diagnosis compared with patients in other regions (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage A; 43.7% vs 9.1-24.3%). Use of locoregional therapies before sorafenib, including transarterial chemoembolisation, was more common in Japan (84.4%) and Asia-Pacific (67.2%) compared with the USA (49.4%) and Europe (43.5%). Treatment patterns with respect to sorafenib also differed, with a shorter duration of treatment reported in the USA and Asia-Pacific. Time from initial diagnosis to death was longer in Japan compared with other regions (median, 79.6 months vs 14.8-25.0 months). CONCLUSIONS Data from GIDEON highlight regional variations in the management of HCC and patient outcomes. Greater standardisation of management may help optimise outcomes for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Riccardo Lencioni
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging and Intervention, Pisa University Hospital and School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jorge A Marrero
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Bronowicki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, INSERM U954, University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Xiao-Ping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lucy Dagher
- Policlínica Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Junji Furuse
- Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jean-Francois H Geschwind
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Arun J Sanyal
- Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tadatoshi Takayama
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Nakajima
- Global Medical Affairs, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA
| | - Robert Lehr
- Clinical Statistics, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA
| | - Stephanie Heldner
- Global Medical Affairs and Pharmacovigilance, Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sheng-Long Ye
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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