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Ibrahim Y, Umstead M, Wang S, Cohen C. The Impact of Living With Chronic Hepatitis B on Quality of Life: Implications for Clinical Management. J Patient Exp 2023; 10:23743735231211069. [PMID: 38026060 PMCID: PMC10644750 DOI: 10.1177/23743735231211069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Living with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has physical, social, and emotional impacts that often negatively affect patients' quality of life. These impacts are not usually captured during routine care. This article presents information on the impact of living with CHB and the importance of integrating health-related quality-of-life assessment into CHB care. Using a global online survey, people ages ≥18 living with CHB were asked about physical, social, and worry impacts. Of 1707 respondents, most were male (67%), < 45 years of age (81%); and 52% identified as Black. Of all participants, 66% reported physical impact, 55% reported social impact, and 49% reported worry impact of living with CHB. Those from Africa and the Western Pacific were most likely to report physical impact. Younger participants (18-45) and those not on treatment were significantly more likely to report physical and social impact. People living with CHB are impacted physically, socially, and emotionally, varied by demographic factors and disease experience. These impacts should be captured and addressed as part of routine CHB care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Su Wang
- Former President of World Hepatitis Alliance, London, UK
- Center for Asian Health & Viral Hepatitis Programs, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA
| | - Chari Cohen
- Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sempokuya T, Pan CW, Pattison RJ, Choi C, Nogimura A, Wong LL. Disparities in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Outcomes Among Subgroups of Asians and Pacific Islanders: A SEER Database Study. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:824-834. [PMID: 37004678 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly prevalent in Asians and Pacific Islanders (API) but this heterogenous group is often aggregated into a single category, despite vast differences in culture, socioeconomic status, education, and access to care among subgroups. There remains a significant knowledge gap in HCC outcomes among different subgroups of API. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was accessed, and site/ICD codes were used to identify HCC patients during 2010-2019 who were API ethnicity. Data collected: demographics, socioeconomic status, tumor characteristics, treatment, and survival. Subgroup analyses were performed among different Asian ethnicities in a secondary analysis. 8,249 patients were identified/subdivided into subgroups of Asian ethnicities and Other Pacific Islanders (NHOPI) groups. The median age was 65 years for Asians and 62 years for NHOPI (p < 0.01), and significant differences were found in income (p < 0.01). A higher proportion of NHOPI lived in rural areas compared to Asians (8.1 vs. 1.1%, p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in tumor size, stage, pre-treatment AFP level, or surgical treatments between the two groups. However, Asians had higher overall median survival than NHOPI (20 months v 12 months, p < 0.01). Secondary analyses among different subgroups of Asian ethnicities revealed significant differences in tumor size and staging, surgical resection, transplant rates, and median survival. While API had similar tumor characteristics and treatment, Asians had much higher survival than NHOPI. Socioeconomic differences and access to care may contribute to these differences. This study also found significant survival disparities within API ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sempokuya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Chun-Wei Pan
- Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert J Pattison
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, HCA Healthcare, Sunrise Consortium Graduate Medical Education, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Chansong Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Akane Nogimura
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
- Division of Psychiatry and Cognitive-Behavioral Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Linda L Wong
- Department of Surgery, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Kim TV, Le DH, Dao DV, Pham TND, Mize GW, Phan LT, Nguyen DX, Ngo TTD, Gish RG, Lee WM, Trang A, Le AN, Chen M, Phan HT, Nguyen BT, Tang HK, Dao DY. Demonstration of a population-based HCV serosurvey in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: Establishing baseline prevalence of and continuum of care for HCV micro-elimination by 2030. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2022; 27:100524. [PMID: 35846980 PMCID: PMC9283666 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A baseline of hepatitis C virus (HCV) burden and other HCV epidemiological profiles is necessary for HCV micro-elimination in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam. This study aimed to determine HCV exposure and prevalence of HCV viremia as well as the proportion of HCV testing and treatment uptake among participants. METHODS From 2019 to 2020, the probability proportionate to size sampling method was deployed to representatively invite approximately 20,000 adults (18 or older) throughout HCMC to free screening and linkage to care for HCV. FINDINGS In HCMC, the weighted prevalence of anti-HCV was 1·3% (95% CI, 1·1%-1·6%). Individuals born from 1945 to 1964 had the anti-HCV prevalence of 3·6% (95% CI, 3·0%-4·2%) and represented 40·4% of all HCV cases. There were wide variations in anti-HCV prevalence in HCMC, including variations between districts, risk factors, and socioeconomic statuses. A baseline HCV continuum of care for the city demonstrated that only 28·5% (85/298, 95%CI 23·4-33·7%) of persons with anti-HCV (+) were aware of their HCV status, with 77.6% (66/85, 95%CI 68·8-86·5%) diagnosing HCV incidentally, 82·7% (62/75, 95%CI 74·1-91·2%) initiating anti-HCV therapy, and 53.6% (30/56, 95%CI 40·5-66·6%) achieving HCV cures. INTERPRETATION There remains a considerable disease burden of HCV in HCMC of which a significant proportion was in the age group born between 1945 to 1964. Additionally, there were significant gaps in HCV awareness, screening, and access to care in the community in Viet Nam. Thus, future interventions must have pragmatic targets, be tailored to the local needs, and emphasise screening. FUNDING This work was supported by investigator-sponsored research grants from Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant No: IN-US-987-5382); Roche Diagnostic International Ltd. (Grant No. SUB-000196); and in-kind donations from Abbott Diagnostic Viet Nam; Hepatitis B Foundation; Medic Medical Center, Viet Nam; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine's Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Viet Nam; and the Board of Directors, Viet Nam Viral Hepatitis Alliance (V-VHA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh V. Kim
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duc H. Le
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Trang Ngoc Doan Pham
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary W. Mize
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
| | | | - Dan X. Nguyen
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - William M. Lee
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amy Trang
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Anh N. Le
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
| | - Moon Chen
- University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hai T. Phan
- Medic Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Binh T. Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City Department of Health, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hong K. Tang
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Doan Y Dao
- Vietnam Viral Hepatitis Alliance, Reston, VA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Viet Nam, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chu JN, Stewart SL, Gildengorin G, Wong C, Lam H, McPhee SJ, Chen MS, Bastani R, Maxwell AE, Taylor VM, Nguyen TT. Effect of a media intervention on hepatitis B screening among Vietnamese Americans. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2022; 27:361-374. [PMID: 31608675 PMCID: PMC7162532 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2019.1672862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: There is a lack of controlled studies of community-wide interventions to increase screening for hepatitis B (HBV) among Asian Americans, particularly Vietnamese Americans, who disproportionately suffer from HBV-related illnesses. The objective of our study was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of a media campaign to promote HBV screening among Vietnamese Americans.Design: We designed and implemented a three-year media campaign promoting HBV screening among Vietnamese Americans. Evaluation consisted of cross-sectional pre- and post-intervention population-based telephone surveys of Vietnamese Americans adults age 18-64 who spoke English or Vietnamese and lived in the Northern California (intervention) or Greater Washington, D.C. (comparison) communities in 2007 or 2011. Statistical analysis was completed in 2012. The main outcome was self-report of HBV testing, defined as participants answering 'Yes' to the question: 'Have you ever had a blood test to check for hepatitis B?'Results: The sample sizes at pre- and post-intervention were 1,704 and 1,666, respectively. Both communities reported increased exposure to HBV-related booklets, radio and television advertisements, and websites. Only the intervention community reported increased exposure to newspaper elements. HBV screening increased in both communities (intervention: 65.3% to 73.1%, p < 0.01, comparison: 57.7% to 66.0%, p < 0.01). In multivariable analyses, there was no intervention effect. In both communities, exposure to media elements (Odds Ratio 1.26 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.21, 1.31] for each additional element) was significantly associated with screening.Conclusions: Among Vietnamese Americans in 2 large communities, HBV screening rates were sub-optimal. Screening increased in both the intensive media intervention and comparison communities, and exposure to HBV-related media messages was associated with increased screening. Efforts to address HBV screening among Vietnamese Americans should include mass media messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet N. Chu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Susan L. Stewart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of
California, Davis; Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ginny Gildengorin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ching Wong
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hy Lam
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J. McPhee
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Moon S. Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal
Medicine, University of California, Davis; Davis, CA, USA
| | - Roshan Bastani
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of
California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Annette E. Maxwell
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of
California, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria M. Taylor
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center; Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tung T. Nguyen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of
Medicine, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA, USA
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Bahap M, Kara E, Cagla Sonmezer M, Inkaya AC, Aydin-Hakli D, Unal S, Demirkan K. Pharmacist intervention to improve patients' knowledge and attitude towards hepatitis B infection. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e13952. [PMID: 33342028 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lack of knowledge/awareness of people living with hepatitis B (PLH) often leads to misinformation and stigmatisation. This study aimed to assess the contribution of the clinical pharmacist (CP)-led education on knowledge of PLH about their disease. METHODS This prospective, cross-sectional study was carried out between 1 October 2017 and 1 April 2018, at infectious disease and gastroenterology outpatient clinics in a university hospital. All PLH were interviewed face-to-face by a CP and a questionnaire about hepatitis B virus (HBV) knowledge was applied both at the beginning of the study (first interview) and 3 months later (second interview). Correct information was provided verbally to the patients by the CP concerning their incorrect answers during the first interview. A 10% increase in the number of correct answers was targeted for the second interview. RESULTS A total of 147 PLH with a mean age of 43.05 ± 13.25 years were included in the study (55.8% female). In the first interview, the mean (±standard deviation) number of correct answers was 35.53 ± 9.15 out of 51 questions. In the second interview, correct answers were 48.67 ± 2.74 with an increase of 25.8% (P < .001). In the first interview, the number of correct answers was higher for the following groups: 20-39 age group, people with monthly income of >1081 $ and university graduates. The number of correct answers to all questions but one was elevated (P < .001) in the second interview. Answers to the question "there is a carrier state in chronic hepatitis B (CHB)" did not change (P = .125). CONCLUSION Significant improvement was observed in the correct answer rate after CP's contribution, therefore as a team member, CP has an important role in improving patients' knowledge and attitude towards HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melda Bahap
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Kara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meliha Cagla Sonmezer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Aydin-Hakli
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kutay Demirkan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mohanty P, Jena P, Patnaik L. Vaccination against Hepatitis B: A Scoping Review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:3453-3459. [PMID: 33369439 PMCID: PMC8046310 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.12.3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030 as one of the international Sustainable Development Goals puts the hepatitis B vaccination on the forefront. However, barriers to vaccination reported in various studies are of concern. This study explores the global barriers for effective uptake of Hepatitis-B vaccination. Methods: A scoping review of studies reporting hepatitis B vaccination barriers was done using PMC data base and Google scholar search engine. About 803 journal articles and reports on hepatitis B barriers were retrieved but only 36 most relevant items during last 10 years were identified, pile sorted, grouped and analyze. Results: Overall 74 barriers have been identified for effective uptake of hepatitis-B vaccines. Most studies focused on non-zero dose of hepatitis B vaccine, One-third of the barriers are related to system issues, one-fourth of the barriers were related to caregiver education or awareness, fear of side effect, migration etc., one-fifth barriers were related to service provider issues like poor out-reach, home visits, poor communication and/relation with the caregivers, failure to identify unimmunized children etc., and other barriers were social-cultural issues. The review reveals limited availability and accessibility to health-facility based immunization, lack of awareness among caregivers, poor communication by the healthcare workers and negative relationships with the beneficiaries, cost of vaccine in private sector, inconvenience time and place of vaccination etc. as the major barriers for hepatitis B vaccination. Barriers varied from country to country. Conclusion: Myriad barriers for reduced hepatitis-B vaccine uptake need to be addressed contextually as countries are at different stages of hepatitis-B vaccination implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimala Mohanty
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pratap Jena
- School of Public Health, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Lipilekha Patnaik
- Department of Community Medicine, IMS & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
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The Lived Experience of Chronic Hepatitis B: A Broader View of Its Impacts and Why We Need a Cure. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050515. [PMID: 32392763 PMCID: PMC7290920 DOI: 10.3390/v12050515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the most widespread liver diseases in the world. It is currently incurable and can lead to liver cirrhosis and cancer. The considerable impacts on society caused by CHB through patient mortality, morbidity, and economic loss are well-recognised in the field. This is, however, a narrow view of the harms, given that people living with CHB can be asymptomatic for the majority of their life-long infection. Of less-appreciated importance are the psychosocial harms, which can continue throughout an affected person's lifetime. Here we review the broad range of these impacts, which include fear and anxiety; financial loss and instability; stigma and discrimination; and rejection by society. Importantly, these directly affect patient diagnosis, management, and treatment. Further, we highlight the roles that the research community can play in taking these factors into account and mitigating them. In particular, the development of a cure for hepatitis B virus infection would alleviate many of the psychosocial impacts of CHB. We conclude that there should be a greater recognition of the full impacts associated with CHB to bring meaningful, effective, and deliverable results to the global community living with hepatitis B.
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Smith-Palmer J, Cerri K, Sbarigia U, Chan EKH, Pollock RF, Valentine WJ, Bonroy K. Impact of Stigma on People Living with Chronic Hepatitis B. PATIENT-RELATED OUTCOME MEASURES 2020; 11:95-107. [PMID: 32214859 PMCID: PMC7082540 DOI: 10.2147/prom.s226936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background People with chronic infectious diseases such as hepatitis B can face stigma, which can influence everyday life as well as willingness to engage with medical professionals or disclose disease status. A systematic literature review was performed to characterize the level and type of stigma experienced by people infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) as well as to identify instruments used to measure it. Methods A literature review was performed using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies describing HBV-related stigma. For inclusion, articles were required to be published in full-text form, in English and report quantitative or qualitative data on HBV-related stigma that could be extracted. Results A total of 23 (17 quantitative and 6 qualitative) articles examined HBV-related stigma. The scope of the review was global but nearly all identified studies were conducted in countries in the WHO Southeast Asia or Western Pacific regions or within immigrant communities in North America. Several quantitative studies utilized tools specifically designed to assess aspects of stigma. Qualitative studies were primarily conducted via patient interviews. Internalized and social stigma were common among people living with chronic HBV . Some people also perceived structural/institutional stigma, with up to 20% believing that they may be denied healthcare and up to 30% stating they may experience workplace discrimination due to HBV. Conclusion HBV-related stigma is common, particularly in some countries in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific region and among Asian immigrant communities, but is poorly characterized in non-Asian populations. Initiatives are needed to document and combat stigma (particularly in settings/jurisdictions where it is poorly described) as well as its clinical and socioeconomic consequences.
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Shen K, Yang NS, Huang W, Fitzpatrick TS, Tang W, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Li L, Tucker JD. A crowdsourced intervention to decrease hepatitis B stigma in men who have sex with men in China: A cohort study. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:135-142. [PMID: 31571341 PMCID: PMC8163661 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stigma against people with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a barrier to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HBV in China. Our study examined an innovative intervention to reduce HBV stigma among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. We extracted data from a randomized controlled trial conducted in May 2018, where the intervention consisted of crowdsourced images and videos to promote viral hepatitis testing and reduce HBV stigma. HBV stigma was assessed using a 20-item scale at baseline and four weeks post-enrolment. Participants were divided into three groups based on their exposure to intervention: full exposure, partial exposure and no exposure. Linear regression was used to determine associations between baseline stigma and participant characteristics. Data from 470 MSM were analysed. Mean participant age was 25 years old and 56% had less education than a college bachelor's degree. Full exposure to intervention was associated with significant stigma reduction (adjusted beta = -3.49; 95% CI = -6.11 to -0.87; P = .01), while partial exposure led to stigma reduction that was not statistically significant. The mean stigma score was 50.6 (SD ± 14.7) at baseline, and stigma was most prominent regarding physical contact with HBV carriers. Greater HBV stigma was associated with not having a recent doctor's visit (adjusted beta = 4.35, 95% CI = 0.19 to 8.52; P = .04). In conclusion, crowdsourcing can decrease HBV stigma among MSM in China and may be useful in anti-stigma campaigns for vulnerable populations in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nancy S. Yang
- University of Minnesota Medical School – Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wenting Huang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project China, Guangzhou, China,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health Global, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas S. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Weiming Tang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project China, Guangzhou, China,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health Global, Guangzhou, China,Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project China, Guangzhou, China,School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yehua Wang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project China, Guangzhou, China,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health Global, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Joseph D. Tucker
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project China, Guangzhou, China,Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health Global, Guangzhou, China,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Alber JM, Cohen C, Bleakley A, Ghazvini SF, Tolentino BT, Almeida R, Chance BL. Comparing the Effects of Different Story Types and Speakers in Hepatitis B Storytelling Videos. Health Promot Pract 2020; 21:811-821. [PMID: 31955614 DOI: 10.1177/1524839919894248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B, a condition associated with severe complications, disproportionately affects Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the United States. Increasing testing among this population is critical for improving health outcomes. This study compares different types of video narratives that use storytelling techniques to an informational video (control), to examine whether narratives are associated with higher hepatitis B beliefs scores and video rating outcomes. A sample of Asian American and Pacific Islander adults (N = 600) completed an online survey where they viewed one of four video conditions, three of which included storytelling techniques and one with informational content. Results indicated that parental stories received significantly higher perceived effectiveness ratings (M = 3.88, SD = 0.61) than the older adult personal stories (M = 3.62, SD = 0.74), F(3, 596) = 3.795, p = .010. Parental stories also had significantly higher perceived severity scores (M = 3.83, SD = 0.69) compared to the young adult stories (M = 3.73, SD = 0.74) and the informational videos (M = 3.83, SD = 0.69), F(3, 596) = 7.72, p < .001. The informational videos (M = 4.10, SD = 0.65) received significantly higher message credibility ratings than the older adult personal stories (M = 3.84, SD = 0.70), F(3, 596) = 4.71, p = .003. Follow-up tests using Bonferroni correction revealed that parental stories (M = 3.98, SD = 0.64) and young adult personal stories (M = 3.934, SD = 0.76) scored significantly higher on speaker ratings than the older adult personal stories (M = 3.698, SD = 0.77). Results suggest that storytelling has the potential for connecting with a specific audience in an emotional way that is perceived well overall. Future research should examine the long-term impact of hepatitis B personal story videos and whether the addition of facts or statistics to videos would improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Alber
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | | | - Amy Bleakley
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sanam F Ghazvini
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebeca Almeida
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Beth L Chance
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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11
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Alber JM, Cohen C, Nguyen GT, Ghazvini SF, Tolentino BT. Exploring Communication Strategies for Promoting Hepatitis B Prevention among Young Asian American Adults. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 23:977-983. [PMID: 30325705 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2018.1534904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, Asian Americans account for 50-60% of hepatitis B virus infections, leading to higher rates of liver cancer in this population. While some city-wide data have reported hepatitis B infection rates among young adults as high as 10-20%, little research has examined factors that impact hepatitis B beliefs, or the most effective strategies for reaching this particular population to promote hepatitis B awareness. An online survey was conducted with young Asian American adults (n = 418), aged 18-29 years old, to better understand their health information seeking, social media usage, and hepatitis B-related behaviors and beliefs. Results indicated that doctors and health organizations were the most trusted sources of health information, while the Internet was the most common source of health information. The majority of participants (99.8%) reported using social media and indicated they engaged in health-related behaviors on social media. Several factors, including non-receipt of hepatitis B vaccine, engaging in more health-related social media activities, and a higher mean score for difficulty with health information seeking, were significantly related to higher perceived susceptibility to hepatitis B. Future research should explore the effectiveness of using social media to reach young Asian American adults to promote hepatitis B awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Alber
- a Department of Kinesiology and Public Health , California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo , California , USA
| | - Chari Cohen
- b Hepatitis B Foundation , Doylestown , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Giang T Nguyen
- c Student Health Service , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Sanam F Ghazvini
- a Department of Kinesiology and Public Health , California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo , California , USA
| | - Brenda Trang Tolentino
- a Department of Kinesiology and Public Health , California Polytechnic State University , San Luis Obispo , California , USA
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12
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Mokaya J, McNaughton AL, Burbridge L, Maponga T, O'Hara G, Andersson M, Seeley J, Matthews PC. A blind spot? Confronting the stigma of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection - A systematic review. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:29. [PMID: 30483598 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14273.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stigma, poverty, and lack of knowledge present barriers to the diagnosis and treatment of chronic infection, especially in resource-limited settings. Chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is frequently asymptomatic, but accounts for a substantial long-term burden of morbidity and mortality. In order to improve the success of diagnostic, treatment and preventive strategies, it is important to recognise, investigate and tackle stigma. We set out to assimilate evidence for the nature and impact of stigma associated with HBV infection, and to suggest ways to tackle this challenge. Methods: We carried out a literature search in PubMed using the search terms 'hepatitis B', 'stigma' to identify relevant papers published between 2007 and 2017 (inclusive), with a particular focus on Africa. Results: We identified a total of 32 articles, of which only two studies were conducted in Africa. Lack of knowledge of HBV was consistently identified, and in some settings there was no local word to describe HBV infection. There were misconceptions about HBV infection, transmission and treatment. Healthcare workers provided inaccurate information to individuals diagnosed with HBV, and poor understanding resulted in lack of preventive measures. Stigma negatively impacted on help-seeking, screening, disclosure, prevention of transmission, and adherence to treatment, and had potential negative impacts on mental health, wellbeing, employment and relationships. Conclusion: Stigma is a potentially major barrier to the successful implementation of preventive, diagnostic and treatment strategies for HBV infection, and yet we highlight a 'blind spot', representing a lack of data and limited recognition of this challenge. There is a need for more research in this area, to identify and evaluate interventions that can be used effectively to tackle stigma, and to inform collaborative efforts between patients, clinical services, policy makers, traditional healers, religious leaders, charity organisations and support groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolynne Mokaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Anna L McNaughton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Lela Burbridge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Tongai Maponga
- Department of Virology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Bellville, Cape Town , 7500, South Africa
| | - Geraldine O'Hara
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Monique Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Janet Seeley
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.,Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Uganda Research Unit, 51/59 Nakiwogo Rd, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
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13
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Lor M. Systematic Review: Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Among Hmong Adults in the USA. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:638-661. [PMID: 28795343 PMCID: PMC5807234 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although disparities in the burden of disease and illness experienced across major racial and ethnic groups in the USA is well known, little is known about subgroups, including the Hmong population. This review sought to determine the current state of health disparities related to health promotion and disease prevention among Hmong adults from 1975 to 2015. Seventy-one descriptive (qualitative, mixed methods, and quantitative) studies were reviewed. Most focused on two areas: (1) health status (mainly breast and cervical cancers) and (2) health-related behaviors. This literature review confirms the existence of health disparities related to health promotion and disease prevention in the Hmong adult population. Effective intervention relies on identifying these disparities. A possible explanation for these disparities is the lack of health data collected on subgroup populations, which include the Hmong adult population. More research and more comprehensive health policies at the organizational level are needed to allow data to be collected on subgroup populations in order to better understand the social determinants that place the Hmong people at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maichou Lor
- School of Nursing, Columbia University , Mailbox 6, 630 W 168th Street, New York City, New York, 10032, USA.
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14
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Lu X, Juon HS, Lee S. Do Recommendations by Healthcare Providers, Family-members, Friends, and Individual Self-Efficacy Increase Uptake of Hepatitis B Screening? Results of a Population-Based Study of Asian Americans. Int J MCH AIDS 2017; 6:9-18. [PMID: 28058203 PMCID: PMC5187637 DOI: 10.21106/ijma.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection disproportionately affects Asian Americans but HBV screening rates among Asian American are substantially low. This study examines the impact of multiple recommendations and self-efficacy on HBV screening uptake among Asian Americans. METHODS Data for this study were from 872 Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese recruited for a liver cancer prevention program in the Washington D.C - Baltimore metropolitan area. RESULTS 410 (47%) respondents reported previous HBV screening. Only 19.8% recalled a physician recommendation. Higher level of HBV screening was reported among people who had physician recommendation, family member recommendation or friend recommendation. Perceived self-efficacy was also an important predictor to HBV screening. The effect of self-efficacy was significant in subgroup analyses among Chinese and Korean, but not for Vietnamese. CONCLUSION AND GLOBAL HEALTH IMPLICATIONS The disproportional prevalence of HBV infection among Asian Americans is considered to be one of the most important health disparities for Asian population. Understanding the condition and screening behavior in this population is especially important. Our findings suggest that recommendation from physician and social networks should be encouraged for HBV screening among Asian Americans. Both recommendation and self-efficacy of HBV screening are important psychosocial constructs to be targeted in liver cancer prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States
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15
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Huang J, Guan ML, Balch J, Wu E, Rao H, Lin A, Wei L, Lok AS. Survey of hepatitis B knowledge and stigma among chronically infected patients and uninfected persons in Beijing, China. Liver Int 2016; 36:1595-1603. [PMID: 27206379 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection carries substantial stigma in China. We surveyed HBV knowledge and stigma among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and persons without HBV infection in Beijing, China. METHODS Four hundred and thirty five CHB patients and 801 controls at Peking University People's Hospital were surveyed. RESULTS Chronic hepatitis B patients were older (mean 46 vs. 39 years) and more often men (71 vs. 48%) than controls. Mean knowledge score was 11.9/15 for CHB and 9.3/15 for control patients (P < 0.001). Average stigma score was 22.1/39 for CHB and 19.2/30 for control patients. Controls expressed discomfort with close contact (45%) or sharing meals with CHB patients (39%) and believed CHB patients should not be allowed to work in restaurants (58%) or childcare (44%). Chronic hepatitis B patients felt that they were undesirable as spouses (33 vs. 17%) and brought trouble to their families (58 vs. 34%) more often than controls. Despite legal prohibitions, 40% of CHB patients were required to undergo pre-employment HBV testing, and 29% of these individuals thought that they lost job opportunities because of their disease status. 16% of CHB patients regretted disclosing their HBV status and disclosure was inversely associated with stigma. Higher stigma was associated with older age, lower education and lower knowledge score among controls; and with lower education, younger age, having undergone pre-employment HBV testing and regret disclosing their HBV status among CHB patients. CONCLUSION Despite high prevalence of CHB in China, our study shows knowledge is limited and there is significant societal and internalized stigma associated with HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Huang
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary L Guan
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeremy Balch
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huiying Rao
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Andy Lin
- The Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anna S Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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16
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Cohen C, Evans AA, Huang P, London WT, Block JM, Chen G. Hepatitis B knowledge among key stakeholders in Haimen City, China: Implications for addressing chronic HBV infection. HEPATOLOGY, MEDICINE AND POLICY 2016; 1:4. [PMID: 30288308 PMCID: PMC5898514 DOI: 10.1186/s41124-016-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background This article describes hepatitis B-related knowledge, attitudes and practices after completion of the Gateway to Care campaign, a citywide public health education program that targeted city residents, health care providers and individuals chronically infected with hepatitis B virus in Haimen City, China. Methods Pre/post questionnaires assessed hepatitis B knowledge change among health care providers and post-campaign surveys evaluated hepatitis B knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (including stigma-related beliefs and practices) among health care providers, city residents and chronically infected individuals. Focus groups were conducted to gain a more in-depth understanding of the needs of the target communities, and to identify future intervention strategies to improve hepatitis B testing and linkage to care and treatment. Results Results indicate high levels of hepatitis B knowledge among multiple stakeholders in Haimen City, with significant knowledge improvement among health care providers. Stigma-related beliefs and myths regarding separation of infected individuals from certain aspects of family life were common among all stakeholder groups, despite high levels of accurate knowledge about hepatitis B transmission and prevention. Self-report of hepatitis B screening was low among city residents, as was awareness of hepatitis B treatment. Conclusions More efforts are needed to improve awareness of HBV treatment, decrease HBV-related stigma, improve screening rates, and reduce cost of antiviral treatment. Future interventions in Haimen City should be driven by behavioral change theory, to not only improve knowledge, but to improve screening behaviors and address hepatitis B-related stigma and discrimination. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s41124-016-0004-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison A Evans
- 1Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA USA.,2Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Peixin Huang
- Haimen City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Haimen City, China
| | - W Thomas London
- 1Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA USA.,4Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | | | - Gang Chen
- 1Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA USA
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17
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Lee H, Fawcett J, Kim D, Yang JH. Correlates of Hepatitis B Virus-related Stigmatization Experienced by Asians: A Scoping Review of Literature. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2016; 3:324-334. [PMID: 28083549 PMCID: PMC5214865 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.195896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although remarkable progress in the pharmacological components of the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and liver cancer has been achieved, HBV-related stigma is recognized as a major barrier to HBV management. The purpose of this Revised Social Network Model (rSNM)-guided review was to examine the existing research literature about HBV-related stigma among Asians and Asian immigrants residing in other countries. Methods: A scoping review of literature was conducted to determine the depth and breadth of literature. Totally, 21 publications were identified. The review findings were linked with the concepts of rSNM to demonstrate how individual factors and sociocultural contexts shape and affect the experience of HBV-related stigma. Results: Most studies were quantitative cross-sectional surveys or qualitative methods research that had been conducted among Chinese in China and in the USA. The three concepts in rSNM that have been identified as important to stigma experience are individual factors, sociocultural factors, and health behaviors. The major factors of most studies were on knowledge and attitudes toward HBV; only three studies focused on stigma as the primary purpose of the research. Few studies focused on the measurement of stigma, conceptual aspects of stigma, or interventions to alleviate the experience of being stigmatized. Conclusions: The scoping review revealed the existing depth and breadth of literature about HBV-related stigma. Gaps in the literature include lack of research address group-specific HBV-related stigma instruments and linkages between stigma and stigma-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeok Lee
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Fawcett
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deogwoon Kim
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Hyang Yang
- Department of Nursing, School of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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18
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Owiti JA, Greenhalgh T, Sweeney L, Foster GR, Bhui KS. Illness perceptions and explanatory models of viral hepatitis B & C among immigrants and refugees: a narrative systematic review. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:151. [PMID: 25886390 PMCID: PMC4336715 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Many countries with traditionally low prevalence (such as UK) are now planning interventions (screening, vaccination, and treatment) of high-risk immigrants from countries with high prevalence. This review aimed to synthesise the evidence on immigrants' knowledge of HBV and HCV that might influence the uptake of clinical interventions. The review was also used to inform the design and successful delivery of a randomised controlled trial of targeted screening and treatment. METHODS Five databases (PubMed, CINHAL, SOCIOFILE, PsycINFO & Web of Science) were systematically searched, supplemented by reference tracking, searches of selected journals, and of relevant websites. We aimed to identify qualitative and quantitative studies that investigated knowledge of HBV and HCV among immigrants from high endemic areas to low endemic areas. Evidence, extracted according to a conceptual framework of Kleinman's explanatory model, was subjected to narrative synthesis. We adapted the PEN-3 model to categorise and analyse themes, and recommend strategies for interventions to influence help-seeking behaviour. RESULTS We identified 51 publications including quantitative (n = 39), qualitative (n = 11), and mixed methods (n = 1) designs. Most of the quantitative studies included small samples and had heterogeneous methods and outcomes. The studies mainly concentrated on hepatitis B and ethnic groups of South East Asian immigrants residing in USA, Canada, and Australia. Many immigrants lacked adequate knowledge of aetiology, symptoms, transmission risk factors, prevention strategies, and treatment, of hepatitis HBV and HCV. Ethnicity, gender, better education, higher income, and English proficiency influenced variations in levels and forms of knowledge. CONCLUSION Immigrants are vulnerable to HBV and HCV, and risk life-threatening complications from these infections because of poor knowledge and help-seeking behaviour. Primary studies in this area are extremely diverse and of variable quality precluding meta-analysis. Further research is needed outside North America and Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Owiti
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Psychiatry, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK.
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, E1 2AB, London, UK.
| | - Lorna Sweeney
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Yvonne Carter Building, 58 Turner Street, E1 2AB, London, UK.
| | - Graham R Foster
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, The Liver Unit, Centre for Digestive Diseases, 4 Newark Street, E1 2AT, London, UK.
| | - Kamaldeep S Bhui
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, Centre for Psychiatry, EC1M 6BQ, London, UK.
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Maxwell AE, Bastani R, Glenn BA, Taylor VM, Nguyen TT, Stewart SL, Burke NJ, Chen MS. Developing theoretically based and culturally appropriate interventions to promote hepatitis B testing in 4 Asian American populations, 2006-2011. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E72. [PMID: 24784908 PMCID: PMC4008952 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.130245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis B infection is 5 to 12 times more common among Asian Americans than in the general US population and is the leading cause of liver disease and liver cancer among Asians. The purpose of this article is to describe the step-by-step approach that we followed in community-based participatory research projects in 4 Asian American groups, conducted from 2006 through 2011 in California and Washington state to develop theoretically based and culturally appropriate interventions to promote hepatitis B testing. We provide examples to illustrate how intervention messages addressing identical theoretical constructs of the Health Behavior Framework were modified to be culturally appropriate for each community. Methods Intervention approaches included mass media in the Vietnamese community, small-group educational sessions at churches in the Korean community, and home visits by lay health workers in the Hmong and Cambodian communities. Results Use of the Health Behavior Framework allowed a systematic approach to intervention development across populations, resulting in 4 different culturally appropriate interventions that addressed the same set of theoretical constructs. Conclusions The development of theory-based health promotion interventions for different populations will advance our understanding of which constructs are critical to modify specific health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette E Maxwell
- University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6900. E-mail:
| | | | - Beth A Glenn
- University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | | | | | - Moon S Chen
- University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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20
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Chen MS, Fang DM, Stewart SL, Ly MY, Lee S, Dang JHT, Nguyen TT, Maxwell AE, Bowlus CL, Bastani R, Nguyen TT. Increasing hepatitis B screening for hmong adults: results from a randomized controlled community-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 38:546-53. [PMID: 23613027 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-012-9649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B-linked liver cancer disproportionately affects Hmong Americans. With an incidence rate of 18.9 per 100,000, Hmong Americans experience liver cancer at a rate that is 6 to 7 times more than that of non-Hispanic Whites. Serologic testing for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a principal means to prevent liver cancer-related deaths through earlier identification of those at risk. METHODS Academic researchers and Hmong leaders collaborated in the design, conduct, and evaluation of a 5-year randomized controlled trial testing a lay health worker (LHW) intervention to promote HBV testing among 260 Hmong adults through in-home education and patient navigation. RESULTS Intervention group participants were more likely to report receiving serologic testing for HBV (24% vs. 10%, P = 0.0056) and showed a greater mean increase in knowledge score (1.3 vs. 0.3 points, P = 0.0003) than control group participants. Multivariable modeling indicated that self-reported test receipt was associated with intervention group assignment [OR 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-9.2], improvement in knowledge score (OR 1.3 per point; 95% CI 1.02-1.7), female gender (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.7-16.6), and having seen a doctor in the past year at baseline (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.3-17.6). The most often cited reason for testing was a doctor's recommendation. CONCLUSIONS LHWs were effective in bringing about HBV screening. Doctor visits and adherence to doctors' recommendations were pivotal. Participation of health care providers is essential to increase HBV testing. IMPACT LHWs can significantly increase HBV screening rates for Hmong but their doctors' recommendation is highly influential and should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon S Chen
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4800 2nd Avenue, Suite 2200, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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21
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Chen MS, Fang DM, Stewart SL, Ly MY, Lee S, Dang JHT, Nguyen TT, Maxwell AE, Bowlus CL, Bastani R, Nguyen TT. Increasing hepatitis B screening for hmong adults: results from a randomized controlled community-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:782-91. [PMID: 23613027 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B-linked liver cancer disproportionately affects Hmong Americans. With an incidence rate of 18.9 per 100,000, Hmong Americans experience liver cancer at a rate that is 6 to 7 times more than that of non-Hispanic Whites. Serologic testing for the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a principal means to prevent liver cancer-related deaths through earlier identification of those at risk. METHODS Academic researchers and Hmong leaders collaborated in the design, conduct, and evaluation of a 5-year randomized controlled trial testing a lay health worker (LHW) intervention to promote HBV testing among 260 Hmong adults through in-home education and patient navigation. RESULTS Intervention group participants were more likely to report receiving serologic testing for HBV (24% vs. 10%, P = 0.0056) and showed a greater mean increase in knowledge score (1.3 vs. 0.3 points, P = 0.0003) than control group participants. Multivariable modeling indicated that self-reported test receipt was associated with intervention group assignment [OR 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-9.2], improvement in knowledge score (OR 1.3 per point; 95% CI 1.02-1.7), female gender (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.7-16.6), and having seen a doctor in the past year at baseline (OR 4.8; 95% CI 1.3-17.6). The most often cited reason for testing was a doctor's recommendation. CONCLUSIONS LHWs were effective in bringing about HBV screening. Doctor visits and adherence to doctors' recommendations were pivotal. Participation of health care providers is essential to increase HBV testing. IMPACT LHWs can significantly increase HBV screening rates for Hmong but their doctors' recommendation is highly influential and should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon S Chen
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4800 2nd Avenue, Suite 2200, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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