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Sung HH, Li H, Huang YC, Ai CL, Hsieh MY, Jan HM, Peng YJ, Lin HY, Yeh CH, Lin SY, Yeh CY, Cheng YJ, Khoo KH, Lin CH, Chien CT. Galectins induced from hemocytes bridge phosphatidylserine and N-glycosylated Drpr/CED-1 receptor during dendrite pruning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7402. [PMID: 39191750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
During neuronal pruning, phagocytes engulf shed cellular debris to avoid inflammation and maintain tissue homeostasis. How phagocytic receptors recognize degenerating neurites had been unclear. Here, we identify two glucosyltransferases Alg8 and Alg10 of the N-glycosylation pathway required for dendrite fragmentation and clearance through genetic screen. The scavenger receptor Draper (Drpr) is N-glycosylated with complex- or hybrid-type N-glycans that interact specifically with galectins. We also identify the galectins Crouching tiger (Ctg) and Hidden dragon (Hdg) that interact with N-glycosylated Drpr and function in dendrite pruning via the Drpr pathway. Ctg and Hdg are required in hemocytes for expression and function, and are induced during dendrite injury to localize to injured dendrites through specific interaction with exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface membrane of injured dendrites. Thus, the galectins Ctg and Hdg bridge the interaction between PS and N-glycosylated Drpr, leading to the activation of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ho Sung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsun Li
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lu Ai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ming Jan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Peng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ya Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Yeh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Sardana S, Nederstigt AE, Baggelaar MP. S-Palmitoylation during Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation of SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2023. [PMID: 37294931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
S-Palmitoylation is the covalent attachment of C14:0-C22:0 fatty acids (mainly C16:0 palmitate) to cysteines via thioester bonds. This lipid modification is highly abundant in neurons, where it plays a role in neuronal development and is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. The knowledge of S-palmitoylation in neurodevelopment is limited due to technological challenges in analyzing this highly hydrophobic protein modification. Here, we used two orthogonal methods, acyl-biotin exchange (ABE) and lipid metabolic labeling (LML), to identify S-palmitoylated proteins and sites during retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells. We identified 2002 putative S-palmitoylated proteins in total, of which 650 were found with both methods. Significant changes in the abundance of S-palmitoylated proteins were detected, in particular for several processes and protein classes that are known to be important for neuronal differentiation, which include proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (RET) signal transduction, SNARE protein-mediated exocytosis, and neural cell adhesion molecules. Overall, S-palmitoylation profiling by employing ABE and LML in parallel during RA-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells revealed a subset of high confidence bona fide S-palmitoylated proteins and suggested an important role for S-palmitoylation in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Sardana
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Anneroos E Nederstigt
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Marc P Baggelaar
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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3
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Hernández K, Godoy L, Newquist G, Kellermeyer R, Alavi M, Mathew D, Kidd T. Dscam1 overexpression impairs the function of the gut nervous system in Drosophila. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:156-171. [PMID: 36454543 PMCID: PMC9812936 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) patients have a 100-fold increase in the risk of Hirschsprung syndrome of the colon and rectum (HSCR), a lack of enteric neurons in the colon. The leading DS candidate gene is trisomy of the Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM). RESULTS We find that Dscam1 protein is expressed in the Drosophila enteric/stomatogastric nervous system (SNS). Axonal Dscam1 phenotypes can be rescued equally by diverse isoforms. Overexpression of Dscam1 resulted in frontal and hindgut nerve overgrowth. Expression of dominant negative Dscam1-ΔC led to a truncated frontal nerve and increased branching of the hindgut nerve. Larval locomotion is influenced by feeding state, and we found that the average speed of larvae with Dscam1 SNS expression was reduced, whereas overexpression of Dscam1-ΔC significantly increased the speed. Dscam1 overexpression reduced the efficiency of food clearance from the larval gut. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrates that overexpression of Dscam1 can perturb gut function in a model system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Godoy
- Biology/MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | | | - Maryam Alavi
- Biology/MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Dennis Mathew
- Biology/MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Thomas Kidd
- Biology/MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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4
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Imambocus BN, Zhou F, Formozov A, Wittich A, Tenedini FM, Hu C, Sauter K, Macarenhas Varela E, Herédia F, Casimiro AP, Macedo A, Schlegel P, Yang CH, Miguel-Aliaga I, Wiegert JS, Pankratz MJ, Gontijo AM, Cardona A, Soba P. A neuropeptidergic circuit gates selective escape behavior of Drosophila larvae. Curr Biol 2021; 32:149-163.e8. [PMID: 34798050 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Animals display selective escape behaviors when faced with environmental threats. Selection of the appropriate response by the underlying neuronal network is key to maximizing chances of survival, yet the underlying network mechanisms are so far not fully understood. Using synapse-level reconstruction of the Drosophila larval network paired with physiological and behavioral readouts, we uncovered a circuit that gates selective escape behavior for noxious light through acute and input-specific neuropeptide action. Sensory neurons required for avoidance of noxious light and escape in response to harsh touch, each converge on discrete domains of neuromodulatory hub neurons. We show that acute release of hub neuron-derived insulin-like peptide 7 (Ilp7) and cognate relaxin family receptor (Lgr4) signaling in downstream neurons are required for noxious light avoidance, but not harsh touch responses. Our work highlights a role for compartmentalized circuit organization and neuropeptide release from regulatory hubs, acting as central circuit elements gating escape responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Nusreen Imambocus
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fangmin Zhou
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Formozov
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Wittich
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Federico M Tenedini
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chun Hu
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sauter
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ednilson Macarenhas Varela
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico 5, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fabiana Herédia
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico 5, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia P Casimiro
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico 5, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - André Macedo
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico 5, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Philipp Schlegel
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Chung-Hui Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, 427E Bryan Research, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - J Simon Wiegert
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael J Pankratz
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alisson M Gontijo
- Integrative Biomedicine Laboratory, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua do Instituto Bacteriológico 5, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Lisbon Campus, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Albert Cardona
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK; Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Peter Soba
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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5
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Ostalé CM, Esteban N, López-Varea A, de Celis JF. Functional requirements of protein kinases and phosphatases in the development of the Drosophila melanogaster wing. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6380433. [PMID: 34599799 PMCID: PMC8664455 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases and phosphatases constitute a large family of conserved enzymes that control a variety of biological processes by regulating the phosphorylation state of target proteins. They play fundamental regulatory roles during cell cycle progression and signaling, among other key aspects of multicellular development. The complement of protein kinases and phosphatases includes approximately 326 members in Drosophila, and they have been the subject of several functional screens searching for novel components of signaling pathways and regulators of cell division and survival. These approaches have been carried out mostly in cell cultures using RNA interference to evaluate the contribution of each protein in different functional assays, and have contributed significantly to assign specific roles to the corresponding genes. In this work we describe the results of an evaluation of the Drosophila complement of kinases and phosphatases using the wing as a system to identify their functional requirements in vivo. We also describe the results of several modifying screens aiming to identify among the set of protein kinases and phosphatases additional components or regulators of the activities of the Epidermal Growth Factor and Insulin receptors signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Ostalé
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Nuria Esteban
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana López-Varea
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jose F de Celis
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
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6
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Yin C, Peterman E, Rasmussen JP, Parrish JZ. Transparent Touch: Insights From Model Systems on Epidermal Control of Somatosensory Innervation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:680345. [PMID: 34135734 PMCID: PMC8200473 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.680345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory neurons (SSNs) densely innervate our largest organ, the skin, and shape our experience of the world, mediating responses to sensory stimuli including touch, pressure, and temperature. Historically, epidermal contributions to somatosensation, including roles in shaping innervation patterns and responses to sensory stimuli, have been understudied. However, recent work demonstrates that epidermal signals dictate patterns of SSN skin innervation through a variety of mechanisms including targeting afferents to the epidermis, providing instructive cues for branching morphogenesis, growth control and structural stability of neurites, and facilitating neurite-neurite interactions. Here, we focus onstudies conducted in worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), and zebrafish (Danio rerio): prominent model systems in which anatomical and genetic analyses have defined fundamental principles by which epidermal cells govern SSN development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jay Z. Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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7
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Integrins protect sensory neurons in models of paclitaxel-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2006050118. [PMID: 33876743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major side effect from cancer treatment with no known method for prevention or cure in clinics. CIPN often affects unmyelinated nociceptive sensory terminals. Despite the high prevalence, molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to CIPN are still poorly understood. Here, we used a genetically tractable Drosophila model and primary sensory neurons isolated from adult mouse to examine the mechanisms underlying CIPN and identify protective pathways. We found that chronic treatment of Drosophila larvae with paclitaxel caused degeneration and altered the branching pattern of nociceptive neurons, and reduced thermal nociceptive responses. We further found that nociceptive neuron-specific overexpression of integrins, which are known to support neuronal maintenance in several systems, conferred protection from paclitaxel-induced cellular and behavioral phenotypes. Live imaging and superresolution approaches provide evidence that paclitaxel treatment causes cellular changes that are consistent with alterations in endosome-mediated trafficking of integrins. Paclitaxel-induced changes in recycling endosomes precede morphological degeneration of nociceptive neuron arbors, which could be prevented by integrin overexpression. We used primary dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neuron cultures to test conservation of integrin-mediated protection. We show that transduction of a human integrin β-subunit 1 also prevented degeneration following paclitaxel treatment. Furthermore, endogenous levels of surface integrins were decreased in paclitaxel-treated mouse DRG neurons, suggesting that paclitaxel disrupts recycling in vertebrate sensory neurons. Altogether, our study supports conserved mechanisms of paclitaxel-induced perturbation of integrin trafficking and a therapeutic potential of restoring neuronal interactions with the extracellular environment to antagonize paclitaxel-induced toxicity in sensory neurons.
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8
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Yasodharababu M, Nair AK. A Multiscale Model to Predict Neuronal Cell Deformation with Varying Extracellular Matrix Stiffness and Topography. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:229-245. [PMID: 32426060 PMCID: PMC7225237 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuronal cells are sensitive to mechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) such as stiffness and topography. Cells contract and exert a force on ECM to detect the microenvironment, which activates the signaling pathway to influence the cell functions such as differentiation, migration, and proliferation. There are numerous transmembrane proteins that transmit signals; however, integrin and neural cellular adhesion molecules (NCAM) play an important role in sensing the ECM mechanical properties. Mechanotransduction of cell-ECM is the key to understand the influence of ECM stiffness and topography; therefore, in this study, we develop a multiscale computational model to investigate these properties. METHODS This model couples the molecular behavior of integrin and NCAM to microscale interactions of neuronal cell and the ECM. We analyze the atomistic/molecular behavior of integrin and NCAM due to mechanical stimuli using steered molecular dynamics. The microscale properties of the neuronal cell and the ECM are simulated using non-linear finite element analysis by applying cell contractility. RESULTS We predict that by increasing the ECM stiffness, a neuronal cell exerts greater stress on the ECM. However, this stress reaches a saturation value for a threshold stiffness of ECM, and the saturation value is affected by the ECM thickness, topography, and clustering of integrin and NCAMs. Further, the ECM topography leads to asymmetric stress and deformation in the neuronal cell. Predicted stress distribution in neuronal cell and ECM are consistent with experimental results from the literature. CONCLUSION The multiscale computational model will guide in selecting the optimal ECM stiffness and topography range for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Yasodharababu
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
| | - Arun K. Nair
- Multiscale Materials Modeling Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA
- Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, 731 W. Dickson Street, Fayetteville, AR USA
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9
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Heimroth RD, Casadei E, Salinas I. Molecular Drivers of Lymphocyte Organization in Vertebrate Mucosal Surfaces: Revisiting the TNF Superfamily Hypothesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:2697-2711. [PMID: 32238457 PMCID: PMC7872792 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system of all jawed vertebrates relies on the presence of B and T cell lymphocytes that aggregate in specific body sites to form primary and secondary lymphoid structures. Secondary lymphoid organs include organized MALT (O-MALT) such as the tonsils and Peyer patches. O-MALT became progressively organized during vertebrate evolution, and the TNF superfamily of genes has been identified as essential for the formation and maintenance of O-MALT and other secondary and tertiary lymphoid structures in mammals. Yet, the molecular drivers of O-MALT structures found in ectotherms and birds remain essentially unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that TNFSFs, such as lymphotoxins, are likely not a universal mechanism to maintain O-MALT structures in adulthood of teleost fish, sarcopterygian fish, or birds. Although a role for TNFSF2 (TNF-α) cannot be ruled out, transcriptomics suggest that maintenance of O-MALT in nonmammalian vertebrates relies on expression of diverse genes with shared biological functions in neuronal signaling. Importantly, we identify that expression of many genes with olfactory function is a unique feature of mammalian Peyer patches but not the O-MALT of birds or ectotherms. These results provide a new view of O-MALT evolution in vertebrates and indicate that different genes with shared biological functions may have driven the formation of these lymphoid structures by a process of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Heimroth
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Elisa Casadei
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; and
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
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10
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Brenig K, Grube L, Schwarzländer M, Köhrer K, Stühler K, Poschmann G. The Proteomic Landscape of Cysteine Oxidation That Underpins Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1923-1940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Brenig
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Grube
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute for Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Plant Energy Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Hu C, Kanellopoulos AK, Richter M, Petersen M, Konietzny A, Tenedini FM, Hoyer N, Cheng L, Poon CLC, Harvey KF, Windhorst S, Parrish JZ, Mikhaylova M, Bagni C, Calderon de Anda F, Soba P. Conserved Tao Kinase Activity Regulates Dendritic Arborization, Cytoskeletal Dynamics, and Sensory Function in Drosophila. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1819-1833. [PMID: 31964717 PMCID: PMC7046460 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1846-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic arborization is highly regulated and requires tight control of dendritic growth, branching, cytoskeletal dynamics, and ion channel expression to ensure proper function. Abnormal dendritic development can result in altered network connectivity, which has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). How neuronal growth control programs tune dendritic arborization to ensure function is still not fully understood. Using Drosophila dendritic arborization (da) neurons as a model, we identified the conserved Ste20-like kinase Tao as a negative regulator of dendritic arborization. We show that Tao kinase activity regulates cytoskeletal dynamics and sensory channel localization required for proper sensory function in both male and female flies. We further provide evidence for functional conservation of Tao kinase, showing that its ASD-linked human ortholog, Tao kinase 2 (Taok2), could replace Drosophila Tao and rescue dendritic branching, dynamic microtubule alterations, and behavioral defects. However, several ASD-linked Taok2 variants displayed impaired rescue activity, suggesting that Tao/Taok2 mutations can disrupt sensory neuron development and function. Consistently, we show that Tao kinase activity is required in developing and as well as adult stages for maintaining normal dendritic arborization and sensory function to regulate escape and social behavior. Our data suggest an important role for Tao kinase signaling in cytoskeletal organization to maintain proper dendritic arborization and sensory function, providing a strong link between developmental sensory aberrations and behavioral abnormalities relevant for Taok2-dependent ASDs.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are linked to abnormal dendritic arbors. However, the mechanisms of how dendritic arbors develop to promote functional and proper behavior are unclear. We identified Drosophila Tao kinase, the ortholog of the ASD risk gene Taok2, as a regulator of dendritic arborization in sensory neurons. We show that Tao kinase regulates cytoskeletal dynamics, controls sensory ion channel localization, and is required to maintain somatosensory function in vivo Interestingly, ASD-linked human Taok2 mutations rendered it nonfunctional, whereas its WT form could restore neuronal morphology and function in Drosophila lacking endogenous Tao. Our findings provide evidence for a conserved role of Tao kinase in dendritic development and function of sensory neurons, suggesting that aberrant sensory function might be a common feature of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hu
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Richter
- Neuronal Development Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Petersen
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Konietzny
- Neuronal Protein Transport Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Federico M Tenedini
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Hoyer
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lin Cheng
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carole L C Poon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 Victoria, Australia
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, 3000 Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabine Windhorst
- Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jay Z Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195 Washington, and
| | - Marina Mikhaylova
- Neuronal Protein Transport Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Bagni
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- Neuronal Development Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Soba
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity Laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany,
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12
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PTPRA Phosphatase Regulates GDNF-Dependent RET Signaling and Inhibits the RET Mutant MEN2A Oncogenic Potential. iScience 2020; 23:100871. [PMID: 32062451 PMCID: PMC7021549 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The RET proto-oncogene encodes receptor tyrosine kinase, expressed primarily in tissues of neural crest origin. De-regulation of RET signaling is implicated in several human cancers. Recent phosphatome interactome analysis identified PTPRA interacting with the neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-dependent RET-Ras-MAPK signaling-axis. Here, by identifying comprehensive interactomes of PTPRA and RET, we reveal their close physical and functional association. The PTPRA directly interacts with RET, and using the phosphoproteomic approach, we identify RET as a direct dephosphorylation substrate of PTPRA both in vivo and in vitro. The protein phosphatase domain-1 is indispensable for the PTPRA inhibitory role on RET activity and downstream Ras-MAPK signaling, whereas domain-2 has only minor effect. Furthermore, PTPRA also regulates the RET oncogenic mutant variant MEN2A activity and invasion capacity, whereas the MEN2B is insensitive to PTPRA. In sum, we discern PTPRA as a novel regulator of RET signaling in both health and cancer. PTPRA inhibits ligand (GDNF-GFRα1)-mediated RET activity on Ras-MAPK signaling axis PTPRA dephosphorylate RET on key functional phosphotyrosine sites PTPRA catalytic (PTPase) domain 1 regulates RET-driven signaling PTPRA suppresses RET oncogenic mutant MEN2A in both Ras-MAPK and cell invasion models
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13
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Hoyer N, Zielke P, Hu C, Petersen M, Sauter K, Scharrenberg R, Peng Y, Kim CC, Han C, Parrish JZ, Soba P. Ret and Substrate-Derived TGF-β Maverick Regulate Space-Filling Dendrite Growth in Drosophila Sensory Neurons. Cell Rep 2020; 24:2261-2272.e5. [PMID: 30157422 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrite morphogenesis is a highly regulated process that gives rise to stereotyped receptive fields, which are required for proper neuronal connectivity and function. Specific classes of neurons, including Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) neurons, also feature complete space-filling growth of dendrites. In this system, we have identified the substrate-derived TGF-β ligand maverick (mav) as a developmental signal promoting space-filling growth through the neuronal Ret receptor. Both are necessary for radial spreading of C4da neuron dendrites, and Ret is required for neuronal uptake of Mav. Moreover, local changes in Mav levels result in directed dendritic growth toward regions with higher ligand availability. Our results suggest that Mav acts as a substrate-derived secreted signal promoting dendrite growth within not-yet-covered areas of the receptive field to ensure space-filling dendritic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Hoyer
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Zielke
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chun Hu
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Petersen
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sauter
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Scharrenberg
- Research Group Neuronal Development, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yun Peng
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Chun Han
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jay Z Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter Soba
- Research Group Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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Stürner T, Tatarnikova A, Mueller J, Schaffran B, Cuntz H, Zhang Y, Nemethova M, Bogdan S, Small V, Tavosanis G. Transient localization of the Arp2/3 complex initiates neuronal dendrite branching in vivo. Development 2019; 146:dev.171397. [PMID: 30910826 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The formation of neuronal dendrite branches is fundamental for the wiring and function of the nervous system. Indeed, dendrite branching enhances the coverage of the neuron's receptive field and modulates the initial processing of incoming stimuli. Complex dendrite patterns are achieved in vivo through a dynamic process of de novo branch formation, branch extension and retraction. The first step towards branch formation is the generation of a dynamic filopodium-like branchlet. The mechanisms underlying the initiation of dendrite branchlets are therefore crucial to the shaping of dendrites. Through in vivo time-lapse imaging of the subcellular localization of actin during the process of branching of Drosophila larva sensory neurons, combined with genetic analysis and electron tomography, we have identified the Actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex as the major actin nucleator involved in the initiation of dendrite branchlet formation, under the control of the activator WAVE and of the small GTPase Rac1. Transient recruitment of an Arp2/3 component marks the site of branchlet initiation in vivo These data position the activation of Arp2/3 as an early hub for the initiation of branchlet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomke Stürner
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V./German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anastasia Tatarnikova
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V./German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany.,MPI for Neurobiology, 82152 Munich- Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan Mueller
- Institute of Molecular biotechnology (IMBA), 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Barbara Schaffran
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V./German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hermann Cuntz
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.,Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yun Zhang
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V./German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Nemethova
- Institute of Molecular biotechnology (IMBA), 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abteilung Molekulare Zellphysiologie, Phillips-Universität Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vic Small
- Institute of Molecular biotechnology (IMBA), 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Gaia Tavosanis
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen e.V./German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
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15
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Mulligan LM. GDNF and the RET Receptor in Cancer: New Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1873. [PMID: 30666215 PMCID: PMC6330338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic Family Ligands (GFL) are soluble neurotrophic factors that are required for development of multiple human tissues, but which are also important contributors to human cancers. GFL signaling occurs through the transmembrane RET receptor tyrosine kinase, a well-characterized oncogene. GFL-independent RET activation, through rearrangement or point mutations occurs in thyroid and lung cancers. However, GFL-mediated activation of wildtype RET is an increasingly recognized mechanism promoting tumor growth and dissemination of a much broader group of cancers. RET and GFL expression have been implicated in metastasis or invasion in diverse human cancers including breast, pancreatic, and prostate tumors, where they are linked to poorer patient prognosis. In addition to directly inducing tumor growth in these diseases, GFL-RET signaling promotes changes in the tumor microenvironment that alter the surrounding stroma and cellular composition to enhance tumor invasion and metastasis. As such, GFL RET signaling is an important target for novel therapeutic approaches to limit tumor growth and spread and improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois M. Mulligan
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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16
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Abstract
Proper neuronal wiring is central to all bodily functions, sensory perception, cognition, memory, and learning. Establishment of a functional neuronal circuit is a highly regulated and dynamic process involving axonal and dendritic branching and navigation toward appropriate targets and connection partners. This intricate circuitry includes axo-dendritic synapse formation, synaptic connections formed with effector cells, and extensive dendritic arborization that function to receive and transmit mechanical and chemical sensory inputs. Such complexity is primarily achieved by extensive axonal and dendritic branch formation and pruning. Fundamental to neuronal branching are cytoskeletal dynamics and plasma membrane expansion, both of which are regulated via numerous extracellular and intracellular signaling mechanisms and molecules. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding the biology of neuronal branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Menon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Stephanie Gupton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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17
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Tenenbaum CM, Misra M, Alizzi RA, Gavis ER. Enclosure of Dendrites by Epidermal Cells Restricts Branching and Permits Coordinated Development of Spatially Overlapping Sensory Neurons. Cell Rep 2018; 20:3043-3056. [PMID: 28954223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial arrangement of different neuron types within a territory is essential to neuronal development and function. How development of different neuron types is coordinated for spatial coexistence is poorly understood. In Drosophila, dendrites of four classes of dendritic arborization (C1-C4da) neurons innervate overlapping receptive fields within the larval epidermis. These dendrites are intermittently enclosed by epidermal cells, with different classes exhibiting varying degrees of enclosure. The role of enclosure in neuronal development and its underlying mechanism remain unknown. We show that the membrane-associated protein Coracle acts in C4da neurons and epidermal cells to locally restrict dendrite branching and outgrowth by promoting enclosure. Loss of C4da neuron enclosure results in excessive branching and growth of C4da neuron dendrites and retraction of C1da neuron dendrites due to local inhibitory interactions between neurons. We propose that enclosure of dendrites by epidermal cells is a developmental mechanism for coordinated innervation of shared receptive fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad M Tenenbaum
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mala Misra
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Rebecca A Alizzi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gavis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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18
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Liu Y, Kaljunen H, Pavić A, Saarenpää T, Himanen JP, Nikolov DB, Goldman A. Binding of EphrinA5 to RET receptor tyrosine kinase: An in vitro study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198291. [PMID: 29889908 PMCID: PMC5995387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph/Ephrin signaling pathways are crucial in regulating a large variety of physiological processes during development, such as cell morphology, proliferation, migration and axonal guidance. EphrinA (efn-A) ligands, in particular, can be activated by EphA receptors at cell-cell interfaces and have been proposed to cause reverse signaling via RET receptor tyrosine kinase. Such association has been reported to mediate spinal motor axon navigation, but conservation of the interactive signaling pathway and the molecular mechanism of the interaction are unclear. Here, we found Danio rerio efn-A5b bound to Mus musculus EphA4 with high affinity, revealing structurally and functionally conserved EphA/efn-A signaling. Interestingly, we observed no interaction between efn-A5b and RET from zebrafish, unlike earlier cell-based assays. Their lack of association indicates how complex efn-A signaling is and suggests that there may be other molecules involved in efn-A5-induced RET signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Liu
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Kaljunen
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Pavić
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuulia Saarenpää
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha P. Himanen
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Dimitar B. Nikolov
- Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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19
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Myers L, Perera H, Alvarado MG, Kidd T. The Drosophila Ret gene functions in the stomatogastric nervous system with the Maverick TGFβ ligand and the Gfrl co-receptor. Development 2018; 145:dev.157446. [PMID: 29361562 DOI: 10.1242/dev.157446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The RET receptor tyrosine kinase is crucial for the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS), acting as a receptor for Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) via GFR co-receptors. Drosophila has a well-conserved RET homolog (Ret) that has been proposed to function independently of the Gfr-like co-receptor (Gfrl). We find that Ret is required for development of the stomatogastric (enteric) nervous system in both embryos and larvae, and its loss results in feeding defects. Live imaging analysis suggests that peristaltic waves are initiated but not propagated in mutant midguts. Examination of axons innervating the midgut reveals increased branching but the area covered by the branches is decreased. This phenotype can be rescued by Ret expression. Additionally, Gfrl shares the same ENS and feeding defects, suggesting that Ret and Gfrl might function together via a common ligand. We identified the TGFβ family member Maverick (Mav) as a ligand for Gfrl and a Mav chromosomal deficiency displayed similar embryonic ENS defects. Our results suggest that the Ret and Gfrl families co-evolved before the separation of invertebrate and vertebrate lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Myers
- Department of Biology/ms 314, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Hiran Perera
- Department of Biology/ms 314, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kidd
- Department of Biology/ms 314, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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20
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Mabruk ZA, Ahmed SBM, Thomas AC, Prigent SA. The role of the ShcD and RET interaction in neuroblastoma survival and migration. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 13:99-108. [PMID: 29556564 PMCID: PMC5857170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preliminary screening data showed that the ShcD adaptor protein associates with the proto-oncogene RET receptor tyrosine kinase. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the molecular interaction between ShcD and RET in human neuroblastoma cells and study the functional impact of this interaction. We were able to show that ShcD immunoprecipitated with RET from SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cell lysates upon GDNF treatment. This result was validated by ShcD-RET co-localization, which was visualized using a fluorescence microscope. ShcD-RET coexpression promoted ShcD and RET endosomal localization, resulting in unexpected inhibition of the downstream ERK and AKT pathways. Interestingly, ShcD-RET association reduced the viability and migration of SK-N-AS cells. Although ShcD was previously shown to trigger melanoma cell migration and tumorigenesis, our data showed an opposite role for ShcD in neuroblastoma SK-N-AS cells via its association with RET in GDNF-treated cells. In conclusion, ShcD acts as a switch molecule that promotes contrasting biological responses depending on the stimulus ad cell type. The melanoma associated Shc adaptor, ShcD, is found to interact with Ret oncogene receptor in SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells. ShcD and Ret coexpression favoures their endosomal localization. ShcD-Ret association has suppressed ERK and AKT signalling. The functional consequence of ShcD and Ret interaction was shown to negatively affect cell survival and cellular migration in.
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Key Words
- ALK,, Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Akt,, Protein kinase B;
- CMV,, Cytomegalovirus
- DMEM,, Dulbecoo Modified Eagle's Medium;
- DNA,, Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- ECL,, Enhanced Chemiluminescence;
- EGF,, Epidermal Growth Factor;
- EGFR,, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor;
- ERK,, Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinases;
- Endosomes
- FBS,, Fetal Bovine Serum
- FGFR,, fibroblast growth factor receptors
- GDNF
- GDNF,, Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotropic Factor;
- GFLs,, GDNF Family Ligands;
- GFP,, Green Fluorescent Protein
- GPCR,, G-Protein Coupled Receptor
- GRB2,, Growth Factor Receptor-Bound Protein 2;
- HGFR,, hepatocyte growth factor receptor;
- HRP,, Horseradish Peroxidase
- IGF,, Insulin Growth Factor;
- LB,, Luria-Bertani
- MAP,, Mitogen-Activated Protein;
- MAPK,, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
- MuSK,, Muscle Specific Kinase
- NFDM,, Non-Fat Dry Milk
- Neuroblastoma
- PBS,, Phosphate-Buffered Saline
- PBST,, Phosphate-Buffered Saline Tween
- PDGF,, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor;
- PI3K,, Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
- PMSF,, Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride
- PVDF,, Polyvinylidene Fluoride
- RET
- RET,, Rearranged During Transfection
- RT,, Room Temperature;
- RTKs,, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
- SDS-PAGE,, Sodium Dodecylsulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
- ShcD
- ShcD,, Src Homology And Collagen D
- Src,, Proto-Oncogene Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Src
- TKRs,, Tyrosine Kinase Receptor;
- TrkA/B/C,, Tropomyosin-Related Kinase Receptor A/B/C
- hrs,, Hours
- mAb,, Monoclonal Antibody
- min,, Minute
- pAb,, Polyclonal Antibody
- pTyr,, Phospho-Tyrosine
- rpm,, revolution per minute;
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeanap A Mabruk
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Medicine University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samrein B M Ahmed
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Medicine University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asha Caroline Thomas
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Medicine University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sally A Prigent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leicester, UK
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21
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Jenkins BV, Saunders HAJ, Record HL, Johnson-Schlitz DM, Wildonger J. Effects of mutating α-tubulin lysine 40 on sensory dendrite development. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:4120-4131. [PMID: 29122984 PMCID: PMC5769580 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are essential for neuronal structure and function. Axonal and dendritic microtubules are enriched in post-translational modifications that impact microtubule dynamics, transport and microtubule-associated proteins. Acetylation of α-tubulin lysine 40 (K40) is a prominent and conserved modification of neuronal microtubules. However, the cellular role of microtubule acetylation remains controversial. To resolve how microtubule acetylation might affect neuronal morphogenesis, we mutated endogenous α-tubulin in vivo using a new Drosophila strain that facilitates the rapid knock-in of designer αTub84B alleles (the predominant α-tubulin-encoding gene in flies). Leveraging our new strain, we found that microtubule acetylation, as well as polyglutamylation and (de)tyrosination, is not essential for survival. However, we found that dendrite branch refinement in sensory neurons relies on α-tubulin K40. Mutagenesis of K40 reveals moderate yet significant changes in dendritic lysosome transport, microtubule polymerization and Futsch protein distribution in dendrites but not in axons. Our studies point to an unappreciated role for α-tubulin K40 and acetylation in dendrite morphogenesis. While our results are consistent with the idea that acetylation tunes microtubule function within neurons, they also suggest there may be an acetylation-independent requirement for α-tubulin K40. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Highlighted Article: Neurons are enriched in post-translationally modified microtubules. Targeted mutagenesis of endogenous α-tubulin in flies reveals that dendrite branch refinement is altered by acetylation-blocking mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian V Jenkins
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Harriet A J Saunders
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Integrated Program in Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Helena L Record
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Jill Wildonger
- Biochemistry Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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22
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β-III-spectrin spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 mutation reveals a dominant cytoskeletal mechanism that underlies dendritic arborization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9376-E9385. [PMID: 29078305 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) L253P mutation in the actin-binding domain (ABD) of β-III-spectrin causes high-affinity actin binding and decreased thermal stability in vitro. Here we show in mammalian cells, at physiological temperature, that the mutant ABD retains high-affinity actin binding. Significantly, we provide evidence that the mutation alters the mobility and recruitment of β-III-spectrin in mammalian cells, pointing to a potential disease mechanism. To explore this mechanism, we developed a Drosophila SCA5 model in which an equivalent mutant Drosophila β-spectrin is expressed in neurons that extend complex dendritic arbors, such as Purkinje cells, targeted in SCA5 pathogenesis. The mutation causes a proximal shift in arborization coincident with decreased β-spectrin localization in distal dendrites. We show that SCA5 β-spectrin dominantly mislocalizes α-spectrin and ankyrin-2, components of the endogenous spectrin cytoskeleton. Our data suggest that high-affinity actin binding by SCA5 β-spectrin interferes with spectrin-actin cytoskeleton dynamics, leading to a loss of a cytoskeletal mechanism in distal dendrites required for dendrite stabilization and arbor outgrowth.
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23
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Perea D, Guiu J, Hudry B, Konstantinidou C, Milona A, Hadjieconomou D, Carroll T, Hoyer N, Natarajan D, Kallijärvi J, Walker JA, Soba P, Thapar N, Burns AJ, Jensen KB, Miguel-Aliaga I. Ret receptor tyrosine kinase sustains proliferation and tissue maturation in intestinal epithelia. EMBO J 2017; 36:3029-3045. [PMID: 28899900 PMCID: PMC5641678 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201696247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase is a defining feature of enteric neurons. Its importance is underscored by the effects of its mutation in Hirschsprung disease, leading to absence of gut innervation and severe gastrointestinal symptoms. We report a new and physiologically significant site of Ret expression in the intestine: the intestinal epithelium. Experiments in Drosophila indicate that Ret is expressed both by enteric neurons and adult intestinal epithelial progenitors, which require Ret to sustain their proliferation. Mechanistically, Ret is engaged in a positive feedback loop with Wnt/Wingless signalling, modulated by Src and Fak kinases. We find that Ret is also expressed by the developing intestinal epithelium of mice, where its expression is maintained into the adult stage in a subset of enteroendocrine/enterochromaffin cells. Mouse organoid experiments point to an intrinsic role for Ret in promoting epithelial maturation and regulating Wnt signalling. Our findings reveal evolutionary conservation of the positive Ret/Wnt signalling feedback in both developmental and homeostatic contexts. They also suggest an epithelial contribution to Ret loss‐of‐function disorders such as Hirschsprung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perea
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jordi Guiu
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bruno Hudry
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alexandra Milona
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dafni Hadjieconomou
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Carroll
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nina Hoyer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dipa Natarajan
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James A Walker
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Soba
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikhil Thapar
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alan J Burns
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kim B Jensen
- BRIC-Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,The Danish Stem Cell Center (Danstem), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Miguel-Aliaga
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
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24
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Dendritic space-filling requires a neuronal type-specific extracellular permissive signal in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8062-E8071. [PMID: 28874572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707467114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons sometimes completely fill available space in their receptive fields with evenly spaced dendrites to uniformly sample sensory or synaptic information. The mechanisms that enable neurons to sense and innervate all space in their target tissues are poorly understood. Using Drosophila somatosensory neurons as a model, we show that heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) Dally and Syndecan on the surface of epidermal cells act as local permissive signals for the dendritic growth and maintenance of space-filling nociceptive C4da neurons, allowing them to innervate the entire skin. Using long-term time-lapse imaging with intact Drosophila larvae, we found that dendrites grow into HSPG-deficient areas but fail to stay there. HSPGs are necessary to stabilize microtubules in newly formed high-order dendrites. In contrast to C4da neurons, non-space-filling sensory neurons that develop in the same microenvironment do not rely on HSPGs for their dendritic growth. Furthermore, HSPGs do not act by transporting extracellular diffusible ligands or require leukocyte antigen-related (Lar), a receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) and the only known Drosophila HSPG receptor, for promoting dendritic growth of space-filling neurons. Interestingly, another RPTP, Ptp69D, promotes dendritic growth of C4da neurons in parallel to HSPGs. Together, our data reveal an HSPG-dependent pathway that specifically allows dendrites of space-filling neurons to innervate all target tissues in Drosophila.
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25
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Saarenpää T, Kogan K, Sidorova Y, Mahato AK, Tascón I, Kaljunen H, Yu L, Kallijärvi J, Jurvansuu J, Saarma M, Goldman A. Zebrafish GDNF and its co-receptor GFRα1 activate the human RET receptor and promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons in vitro. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176166. [PMID: 28467503 PMCID: PMC5415192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a ligand that activates, through co-receptor GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRα1) and receptor tyrosine kinase “RET”, several signaling pathways crucial in the development and sustainment of multiple neuronal populations. We decided to study whether non-mammalian orthologs of these three proteins have conserved their function: can they activate the human counterparts? Using the baculovirus expression system, we expressed and purified Danio rerio RET, and its binding partners GFRα1 and GDNF, and Drosophila melanogaster RET and two isoforms of co-receptor GDNF receptor-like. Our results report high-level insect cell expression of post-translationally modified and dimerized zebrafish RET and its binding partners. We also found that zebrafish GFRα1 and GDNF are comparably active as mammalian cell-produced ones. We also report the first measurements of the affinity of the complex to RET in solution: at least for zebrafish, the Kd for GFRα1-GDNF binding RET is 5.9 μM. Surprisingly, we also found that zebrafish GDNF as well as zebrafish GFRα1 robustly activated human RET signaling and promoted the survival of cultured mouse dopaminergic neurons with comparable efficiency to mammalian GDNF, unlike E. coli-produced human proteins. These results contradict previous studies suggesting that mammalian GFRα1 and GDNF cannot bind and activate non-mammalian RET and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Saarenpää
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Konstantin Kogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yulia Sidorova
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arun Kumar Mahato
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Igor Tascón
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Kaljunen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liying Yu
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Jurvansuu
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Adrian Goldman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Ledda F, Paratcha G. Assembly of Neuronal Connectivity by Neurotrophic Factors and Leucine-Rich Repeat Proteins. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:199. [PMID: 27555809 PMCID: PMC4977320 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper function of the nervous system critically relies on sophisticated neuronal networks interconnected in a highly specific pattern. The architecture of these connections arises from sequential developmental steps such as axonal growth and guidance, dendrite development, target determination, synapse formation and plasticity. Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) transmembrane proteins have been involved in cell-type specific signaling pathways that underlie these developmental processes. The members of this superfamily of proteins execute their functions acting as trans-synaptic cell adhesion molecules involved in target specificity and synapse formation or working in cis as cell-intrinsic modulators of neurotrophic factor receptor trafficking and signaling. In this review, we will focus on novel physiological mechanisms through which LRR proteins regulate neurotrophic factor receptor signaling, highlighting the importance of these modulatory events for proper axonal extension and guidance, tissue innervation and dendrite morphogenesis. Additionally, we discuss few examples linking this set of LRR proteins to neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ledda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine-University of Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine-University of Buenos Aires (UBA) Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois M Mulligan
- a Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Cancer Research Institute , Queen's University , Kingston , ON , Canada
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28
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Cell adhesion and invasion mechanisms that guide developing axons. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:77-85. [PMID: 27135389 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Axon extension, guidance and tissue invasion share many similarities to normal cell migration and cancer cell metastasis. Proper cell and growth cone migration requires tightly regulated adhesion complex assembly and detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, many cell types actively remodel the ECM using matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) to control tissue invasion and cell dispersal. Targeting and activating MMPs is a tightly regulated process, that when dysregulated, can lead to cancer cell metastasis. Interestingly, new evidence suggests that growth cones express similar cellular and molecular machinery as migrating cells to clutch retrograde actin flow on ECM proteins and target matrix degradation, which may be used to facilitate axon pathfinding through the basal lamina and across tissues.
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29
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Meltzer S, Yadav S, Lee J, Soba P, Younger SH, Jin P, Zhang W, Parrish J, Jan LY, Jan YN. Epidermis-Derived Semaphorin Promotes Dendrite Self-Avoidance by Regulating Dendrite-Substrate Adhesion in Drosophila Sensory Neurons. Neuron 2016; 89:741-55. [PMID: 26853303 PMCID: PMC4760923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise patterning of dendritic arbors is critical for the wiring and function of neural circuits. Dendrite-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion ensures that the dendrites of Drosophila dendritic arborization (da) sensory neurons are properly restricted in a 2D space, and thereby facilitates contact-mediated dendritic self-avoidance and tiling. However, the mechanisms regulating dendrite-ECM adhesion in vivo are poorly understood. Here, we show that mutations in the semaphorin ligand sema-2b lead to a dramatic increase in self-crossing of dendrites due to defects in dendrite-ECM adhesion, resulting in a failure to confine dendrites to a 2D plane. Furthermore, we find that Sema-2b is secreted from the epidermis and signals through the Plexin B receptor in neighboring neurons. Importantly, we find that Sema-2b/PlexB genetically and physically interacts with TORC2 complex, Tricornered (Trc) kinase, and integrins. These results reveal a novel role for semaphorins in dendrite patterning and illustrate how epidermal-derived cues regulate neural circuit assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Meltzer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Smita Yadav
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jiae Lee
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter Soba
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University of Hamburg Medical School, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susan H Younger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Peng Jin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jay Parrish
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yuh-Nung Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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30
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Hernández K, Myers LG, Bowser M, Kidd T. Genetic Tools for the Analysis of Drosophila Stomatogastric Nervous System Development. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128290. [PMID: 26053861 PMCID: PMC4460011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila stomatogastric nervous system (SNS) is a compact collection of neurons that arises from the migration of neural precursors. Here we describe genetic tools allowing functional analysis of the SNS during the migratory phase of development. We constructed GAL4 lines driven by fragments of the Ret promoter, which yielded expression in a subset of migrating neural SNS precursors and also included a distinct set of midgut associated cells. Screening of additional GAL4 lines driven by fragments of the Gfrl/Munin, forkhead, twist and goosecoid (Gsc) promoters identified a Gsc fragment with expression from initial selection of SNS precursors until the end of embryogenesis. Inhibition of EGFR signaling using three identified lines disrupted the correct patterning of the frontal and recurrent nerves. To manipulate the environment traveled by SNS precursors, a FasII-GAL4 line with strong expression throughout the entire intestinal tract was identified. The transgenic lines described offer the ability to specifically manipulate the migration of SNS precursors and will allow the modeling and in-depth analysis of neuronal migration in ENS disorders such as Hirschsprung’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Hernández
- Biology/MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Logan G. Myers
- Biology/MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Micah Bowser
- Biology/MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
| | - Thomas Kidd
- Biology/MS 314, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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