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Zloh M, Kutilek P, Hejda J, Fiserova I, Kubovciak J, Murakami M, Stofkova A. Visual stimulation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have protective effects in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Life Sci 2024; 355:122996. [PMID: 39173995 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the therapeutic potential of visual stimulation (VS) and BDNF in murine experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). MAIN METHODS Mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in Freund's complete adjuvant and intravenous injection of pertussis toxin, and were then exposed to high-contrast VS 12 h/day (days 1-14 post-immunization). EAU severity was assessed by examining clinical score, visual acuity, inflammatory markers, and immune cells in the retina. The transcriptome of activated retinal cells was determined by RNA-seq using RNA immunoprecipitated in complex with phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6. The retinal levels of protein products of relevant upregulated genes were quantified. The effect of BDNF on EAU was tested in unstimulated mice by its daily topical ocular administration (days 8-14 post-immunization). KEY FINDINGS VS attenuated EAU development and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and numbers of immune cells in the retina (n = 10-20 eyes/group for each analysis). In activated retinal cells of control mice (n = 30 eyes/group), VS upregulated genes encoding immunomodulatory neuropeptides, of which BDNF and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) also showed increased mRNA and protein levels in the retina of VS-treated EAU mice (n = 6-10 eyes/group for each analysis). In unstimulated EAU mice, BDNF treatment mimicked the protective effects of VS by modulating the inflammatory and stem cell properties of Müller cells (n = 5 eyes/group for each analysis). SIGNIFICANCE VS effectively suppresses EAU, at least through enhancing retinal levels of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factors, VIP and BDNF. Our findings also suggest BDNF as a promising therapeutic agent for uveitis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslav Zloh
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Kutilek
- Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejda
- Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Fiserova
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovciak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan; Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrea Stofkova
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Hirobumi I. Autonomic Stimulation Action of EAT (Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy) on Chronic Epipharyngitis. Cureus 2024; 16:e63182. [PMID: 38933344 PMCID: PMC11200203 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of chronic epipharyngitis, which presents a variety of symptoms, with a focus on autonomic neuropathy symptoms, and also investigated the literature for information on EAT, which is useful as a treatment method. The mechanism of action of EAT has recently been clarified in terms of its immune system-stimulating and endocrine system-stimulating effects. However, the autonomic nerve-stimulating effects of EAT are still largely unexplained. This study was conducted to collect and integrate previous studies and papers focusing on the autonomic nerve-stimulating effects of EAT and to provide insight into the still not fully elucidated autonomic nerve-stimulating effects of EAT on chronic epipharyngitis. The local stimulating effects of zinc chloride and the bleeding and pain effects of EAT are also summarized, suggesting that EAT exerts its therapeutic effects through the interaction of the immune system, the endocrine system, and the autonomic nervous system. It is important to determine which mechanism is predominantly involved in each case of chronic epipharyngitis and to utilize it in treatment. Elucidating the effects of EAT on the autonomic nervous system will be an important guideline in determining the treatment strategy for chronic epipharyngitis.
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Naito S, Tanaka H, Jiang JJ, Tarumi M, Hashimoto A, Tanaka Y, Murakami K, Kubota SI, Hojyo S, Hashimoto S, Murakami M. DDX6 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases via NF-κB activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 703:149666. [PMID: 38377944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The IL-6 amplifier was originally discovered as a mechanism for the enhanced activation of NF-κB in non-immune cells. In the IL-6 amplifier, IL-6-STAT3 and NF-κB stimulation is followed by an excessive production of IL-6, chemokines, and growth factors to develop chronic inflammation preceding the development of inflammatory diseases. Previously, using a shRNA-mediated genome-wide screening, we found that DEAD-Box Helicase 6 (DDX6) is a candidate positive regulator of the amplifier. Here, we investigate whether DDX6 is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases via the IL-6 amplifier. We found that DDX6-silencing in non-immune cells suppressed the NF-κB pathway and inhibited activation of the IL-6 amplifier, while the forced expression of DDX6 enhanced NF-κB promoter activity independent of the RNA helicase activity of DDX6. The imiquimod-mediated dermatitis model was suppressed by the siRNA-mediated gene downregulation of DDX6. Furthermore, silencing DDX6 significantly reduced the TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p65/RelA and IκBα, nuclear localization of p65, and the protein levels of IκBα. Mechanistically, DDX6 is strongly associated with p65 and IκBα, but not TRADD, RIP, or TRAF2, suggesting a novel function of DDX6 as an adaptor protein in the NF-κB pathway. Thus, our findings demonstrate a possible role of DDX6 beyond RNA metabolism and suggest DDX6 is a therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Naito
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Tarumi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan; Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan; Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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4
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Tanaka Y, Ohki I, Murakami K, Ozawa S, Wang Y, Murakami M. The gateway reflex regulates tissue-specific autoimmune diseases. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:12. [PMID: 38449060 PMCID: PMC10919025 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interaction and movement of substances and cells between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs are meticulously controlled by a specialized vascular structure, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Experimental and clinical research has shown that disruptions in the BBB are characteristic of various neuroinflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis. We have been elucidating a mechanism termed the "gateway reflex" that details the entry of immune cells, notably autoreactive T cells, into the CNS at the onset of such diseases. This process is initiated through local neural responses to a range of environmental stimuli, such as gravity, electricity, pain, stress, light, and joint inflammation. These stimuli specifically activate neural pathways to open gateways at targeted blood vessels for blood immune cell entry. The gateway reflex is pivotal in managing tissue-specific inflammatory diseases, and its improper activation is linked to disease progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive examination of the gateway reflex mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Izuru Ohki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ozawa
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yaze Wang
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
- Quantumimmunology Team, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Chen BR, Wu T, Chen TH, Wang Y. Neuroimmune interactions and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:251-261. [PMID: 38933502 PMCID: PMC11197660 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous system possesses bidirectional, sophisticated and delicate communications with the immune system. These neuroimmune interactions play a vitally important role in the initiation and development of many disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Although scientific advancements have made tremendous progress in this field during the last few years, neuroimmune communications are still far from being elucidated. By organizing recent research, in this review, we discuss the local and intersystem neuroimmune interactions and their roles in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Unveiling these will help us gain a better understanding of the process of interplay inside the body and how the organism maintains homeostasis. It will also facilitate a view of the diseases from a holistic, pluralistic and interconnected perspective, thus providing a basis of developing novel and effective methods to diagnose, intervene and treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Rong Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ting-Hui Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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6
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Tanaka H, Hasebe R, Murakami K, Sugawara T, Yamasaki T, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes describe novel neuro-immune communications that establish immune cell gateways at specific vessels. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:24. [PMID: 37936169 PMCID: PMC10631009 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important biological process induced by complex interactions between immune cells and neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent research on the bidirectional communication between neuronal and immunological systems has provided evidence for how immune and inflammatory processes are regulated by nerve activation. One example is the gateway reflex, in which immune cells bypass the blood brain barrier and infiltrate the CNS to cause neuroinflammation. We have found several modes of the gateway reflex in mouse models, in which gateways for immune cells are established at specific blood vessels in the spinal cords and brain in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and systemic lupus erythematosus models, at retinal blood vessels in an experimental autoimmune uveitis model, and the ankle joints in an inflammatory arthritis model. Several environmental stimulations, including physical and psychological stresses, activate neurological pathways that alter immunological responses via the gateway reflex, thus contributing to the development/suppression of autoimmune diseases. In the manuscript, we describe the discovery of the gateway reflex and recent insights on how they regulate disease development. We hypothesize that artificial manipulation of specific neural pathways can establish and/or close the gateways to control the development of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugawara
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, national Institute for Natural Sciences, Nishi-38, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-Ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Nishi-11, Kita-21, Kuta-Ku, Sapporo, 001-0020, Japan.
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Yamamoto R, Yamada S, Atsumi T, Murakami K, Hashimoto A, Naito S, Tanaka Y, Ohki I, Shinohara Y, Iwasaki N, Yoshimura A, Jiang JJ, Kamimura D, Hojyo S, Kubota SI, Hashimoto S, Murakami M. Computer model of IL-6-dependent rheumatoid arthritis in F759 mice. Int Immunol 2023; 35:403-421. [PMID: 37227084 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which describes the simultaneous activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κb nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), in synovial fibroblasts causes the infiltration of immune cells into the joints of F759 mice. The result is a disease that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis. However, the kinetics and regulatory mechanisms of how augmented transcriptional activation by STAT3 and NF-κB leads to F759 arthritis is unknown. We here show that the STAT3-NF-κB complex is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus and accumulates around NF-κB binding sites of the IL-6 promoter region and established a computer model that shows IL-6 and IL-17 (interleukin 17) signaling promotes the formation of the STAT3-NF-κB complex followed by its binding on promoter regions of NF-κB target genes to accelerate inflammatory responses, including the production of IL-6, epiregulin, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), phenotypes consistent with in vitro experiments. The binding also promoted cell growth in the synovium and the recruitment of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and macrophages in the joints. Anti-IL-6 blocking antibody treatment inhibited inflammatory responses even at the late phase, but anti-IL-17 and anti-TNFα antibodies did not. However, anti-IL-17 antibody at the early phase showed inhibitory effects, suggesting that the IL-6 amplifier is dependent on IL-6 and IL-17 stimulation at the early phase, but only on IL-6 at the late phase. These findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism of F759 arthritis can be recapitulated in silico and identify a possible therapeutic strategy for IL-6 amplifier-dependent chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Yamamoto
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Atsumi
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ari Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Naito
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Izuru Ohki
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Team of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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Teoh YB, Jiang JJ, Yamasaki T, Nagata N, Sugawara T, Hasebe R, Ohta H, Sasaki N, Yokoyama N, Nakamura K, Kagawa Y, Takiguchi M, Murakami M. An inflammatory bowel disease-associated SNP increases local thyroglobulin expression to develop inflammation in miniature dachshunds. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1192888. [PMID: 37519997 PMCID: PMC10375717 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1192888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory colorectal polyp (ICRP) in miniature dachshunds (MDs) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by granulomatous inflammation that consists of neutrophil infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in the colon. Recently, we identified five MD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely PLG, TCOF1, TG, COL9A2, and COL4A4, by whole-exome sequencing. Here, we investigated whether TG c.4567C>T (p.R1523W) is associated with the ICRP pathology. We found that the frequency of the T/T SNP risk allele was significantly increased in MDs with ICRP. In vitro experiments showed that TG expression in non-immune cells was increased by inducing the IL-6 amplifier with IL-6 and TNF-α. On the other hand, a deficiency of TG suppressed the IL-6 amplifier. Moreover, recombinant TG treatment enhanced the activation of the IL-6 amplifier, suggesting that TG is both a positive regulator and a target of the IL-6 amplifier. We also found that TG expression together with two NF-κB targets, IL6 and CCL2, was increased in colon samples isolated from MDs with the T/T risk allele compared to those with the C/C non-risk allele, but serum TG was not increased. Cumulatively, these results suggest that the T/T SNP is an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of TG mRNA in the colon, and local TG expression triggered by this SNP increases the risk of ICRP in MDs via the IL-6 amplifier. Therefore, TG c.4567C>T is a diagnostic target for ICRP in MDs, and TG-mediated IL-6 amplifier activation in the colon is a possible therapeutic target for ICRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Bin Teoh
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagata
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugawara
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Noboru Sasaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoneuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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9
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Kida H, Jiang JJ, Matsui Y, Takahashi I, Hasebe R, Kawamura D, Endo T, Shibayama H, Kondo M, Nishio Y, Nishida K, Matsuno Y, Oikawa T, Kubota SI, Hojyo S, Iwasaki N, Hashimoto S, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. Dupuytren's contracture-associated SNPs increase SFRP4 expression in non-immune cells including fibroblasts to enhance inflammation development. Int Immunol 2023; 35:303-312. [PMID: 36719100 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dupuytren's contracture (DC) is an inflammatory fibrosis characterized by fibroproliferative disorders of the palmar aponeurosis, for which there is no effective treatment. Although several genome-wide association studies have identified risk alleles associated with DC, the functional linkage between these alleles and the pathogenesis remains elusive. We here focused on two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DC, rs16879765 and rs17171229, in secreted frizzled related protein 4 (SFRP4). We investigated the association of SRFP4 with the IL-6 amplifier, which amplifies the production of IL-6, growth factors and chemokines in non-immune cells and aggravates inflammatory diseases via NF-κB enhancement. Knockdown of SFRP4 suppressed activation of the IL-6 amplifier in vitro and in vivo, whereas the overexpression of SFRP4 induced the activation of NF-κB-mediated transcription activity. Mechanistically, SFRP4 induced NF-κB activation by directly binding to molecules of the ubiquitination SFC complex, such as IkBα and βTrCP, followed by IkBα degradation. Furthermore, SFRP4 expression was significantly increased in fibroblasts derived from DC patients bearing the risk alleles. Consistently, fibroblasts with the risk alleles enhanced activation of the IL-6 amplifier. These findings indicate that the IL-6 amplifier is involved in the pathogenesis of DC, particularly in patients harboring the SFRP4 risk alleles. Therefore, SFRP4 is a potential therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases and disorders, including DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kida
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Matsui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Section for Clinical Education, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nishio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido Orthopedic Memorial Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kinya Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Oikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shimpei I Kubota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Hashimoto
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Group of Quantum immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Chung HL, Ye Q, Park YJ, Zuo Z, Mok JW, Kanca O, Tattikota SG, Lu S, Perrimon N, Lee HK, Bellen HJ. Very-long-chain fatty acids induce glial-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate synthesis, secretion, and neuroinflammation. Cell Metab 2023; 35:855-874.e5. [PMID: 37084732 PMCID: PMC10160010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
VLCFAs (very-long-chain fatty acids) are the most abundant fatty acids in myelin. Hence, during demyelination or aging, glia are exposed to higher levels of VLCFA than normal. We report that glia convert these VLCFA into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) via a glial-specific S1P pathway. Excess S1P causes neuroinflammation, NF-κB activation, and macrophage infiltration into the CNS. Suppressing the function of S1P in fly glia or neurons, or administration of Fingolimod, an S1P receptor antagonist, strongly attenuates the phenotypes caused by excess VLCFAs. In contrast, elevating the VLCFA levels in glia and immune cells exacerbates these phenotypes. Elevated VLCFA and S1P are also toxic in vertebrates based on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Indeed, reducing VLCFA with bezafibrate ameliorates the phenotypes. Moreover, simultaneous use of bezafibrate and fingolimod synergizes to improve EAE, suggesting that lowering VLCFA and S1P is a treatment avenue for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Lok Chung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Qi Ye
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ye-Jin Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jung-Wan Mok
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nobert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Tang Y, Liu W, Kong W, Zhang S, Zhu T. Multisite chronic pain and the risk of autoimmune diseases: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1077088. [PMID: 36845101 PMCID: PMC9947645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1077088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that an association between chronic pain and autoimmune diseases (AIDs). Nevertheless, it is unclear whether these associations refer to a causal relationship. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method to determine the causal relationship between chronic pain and AIDs. Methods We assessed genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for chronic pain [multisite chronic pain (MCP) and chronic widespread pain (CWP)], and eight common AIDs, namely, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), celiac disease (CeD), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE), type 1 diabetes (T1D) and psoriasis. Summary statistics data were from publicly available and relatively large-scale GWAS meta-analyses to date. The two-sample MR analyses were first performed to identify the causal effect of chronic pain on AIDs. The two-step MR and multivariable MR were used to determine if mediators (BMI and smoking) causally mediated any connection and to estimate the proportion of the association mediated by these factors combined. Results With the utilization of MR analysis, multisite chronic pain was associated with a higher risk of MS [odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-2.49, P = 0.044] and RA (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.06-2.77, P = 0.028). However, multisite chronic pain had no significant effect on ALS (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.92-1.71, P = 0.150), CeD (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.02-3.64, P = 0.303), IBD (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.09-2.27, P = 0.338), SLE (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 0.82-3.88, P = 0.144), T1D (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.65-2.02, P = 0.627) or Psoriasis (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.22-11.26, P = 0.644). We also found positive causal effects of MCP on BMI and causal effects of BMI on MS and RA. Moreover, there were no causal connections between genetically predicted chronic widespread pain and the risk of most types of AIDs disease. Conclusion Our MR analysis implied a causal relationship between MCP and MS/RA, and the effect of MCP on MS and RA may be partially mediated by BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yidan Tang, ; Tao Zhu,
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weishuang Kong
- Department of Surgery, Xuanwei Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Xuanwei, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yidan Tang, ; Tao Zhu,
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12
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Akabane K, Murakami K, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that establish the gateway of immune cells to regulate tissue specific inflammation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:469-477. [PMID: 37318003 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2225215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-specific inflammatory diseases are regulated by several mechanisms. The gateway reflex and IL-6 amplifier are two mechanisms involved in diseases that depend on the inflammatory cytokine IL-6. The gateway reflex activates specific neural pathways that cause autoreactive CD4+ T cells to pass through gateways in blood vessels toward specific tissues in tissue-specific inflammatory diseases. These gateways are mediated by the IL-6 amplifier, which describes enhanced NF-κB activation in nonimmune cells including endothelial cells at specific sites. In total, we have reported six gateway reflexes defined by their triggering stimulus: gravity, pain, electric stimulation, stress, light, and joint inflammation. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the gateway reflex and IL-6 amplifier for the development of tissue-specific inflammatory diseases. EXPERT OPINION We expect that the IL-6 amplifier and gateway reflex will lead to novel therapeutic and diagnostic methods for inflammatory diseases, particularly tissue-specific ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiroh Akabane
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development(HU-IVRed), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Kwilasz AJ, Clements MA, Larson TA, Harris KM, Litwiler ST, Woodall BJ, Todd LS, Schrama AEW, Mitten EH, Maier SF, Van Dam AM, Rice KC, Watkins LR. Involvement of TLR2-TLR4, NLRP3, and IL-17 in pain induced by a novel Sprague-Dawley rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 3:932530. [PMID: 36176709 PMCID: PMC9513159 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.932530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 92% of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) experience pain, most without adequate treatment, and many report pain long before motor symptoms associated with MS diagnosis. In the most commonly studied rodent model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), motor impairments/disabilities caused by EAE can interfere with pain testing. In this study, we characterize a novel low-dose myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG)-induced Sprague-Dawley (SD) model of EAE-related pain in male rats, optimized to minimize motor impairments/disabilities. Adult male SD rats were treated with increasing doses of intradermal myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG1-125) (0, 4, 8, and 16 μg) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) vehicle to induce mild EAE. Von Frey testing and motor assessments were conducted prior to EAE induction and then weekly thereafter to assess EAE-induced pain and motor impairment. Results from these studies demonstrated that doses of 8 and 16 μg MOG1-125 were sufficient to produce stable mechanical allodynia for up to 1 month in the absence of hindpaw motor impairments/disabilities. In the follow-up studies, these doses of MOG1-125, were administered to create allodynia in the absence of confounded motor impairments. Then, 2 weeks later, rats began daily subcutaneous injections of the Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 (TLR2-TLR4) antagonist (+)-naltrexone [(+)-NTX] or saline for an additional 13 days. We found that (+)-NTX also reverses EAE-induced mechanical allodynia in the MOG-induced SD rat model of EAE, supporting parallels between models, but now allowing a protracted timecourse to be examined completely free of motor confounds. Exploring further mechanisms, we demonstrated that both spinal NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) are necessary for EAE-induced pain, as intrathecal injections of NLRP3 antagonist MCC950 and IL-17 neutralizing antibody both acutely reversed EAE-induced pain. Finally, we show that spinal glial immunoreactivity induced by EAE is reversed by (+)-NTX, and that spinal demyelination correlates with the severity of motor impairments/disabilities. These findings characterize an optimized MOG-induced SD rat model of EAE for the study of pain with minimal motor impairments/disabilities. Finally, these studies support the role of TLR2-TLR4 antagonists as a potential treatment for MS-related pain and other pain and inflammatory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Kwilasz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Madison A. Clements
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Tracey A. Larson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kevin M. Harris
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Scott T. Litwiler
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Brodie J. Woodall
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Laurel S. Todd
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Anouk E. W. Schrama
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Eric H. Mitten
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kenner C. Rice
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
- The Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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14
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Hasebe R, Murakami K, Harada M, Halaka N, Nakagawa H, Kawano F, Ohira Y, Kawamoto T, Yull FE, Blackwell TS, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Watanabe M, Watanabe N, Hotta H, Yamashita T, Kamimura D, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. ATP spreads inflammation to other limbs through crosstalk between sensory neurons and interneurons. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213221. [PMID: 35579694 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits between lesions are one mechanism through which local inflammation spreads to remote positions. Here, we show the inflammatory signal on one side of the joint is spread to the other side via sensory neuron-interneuron crosstalk, with ATP at the core. Surgical ablation or pharmacological inhibition of this neural pathway prevented inflammation development on the other side. Mechanistic analysis showed that ATP serves as both a neurotransmitter and an inflammation enhancer, thus acting as an intermediary between the local inflammation and neural pathway that induces inflammation on the other side. These results suggest blockade of this neural pathway, which is named the remote inflammation gateway reflex, may have therapeutic value for inflammatory diseases, particularly those, such as rheumatoid arthritis, in which inflammation spreads to remote positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Hasebe
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Harada
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nada Halaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kawamoto
- Radioisotope Research Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Hotta
- Department of Autonomic Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.,Group of Quantumimmunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Ho J, Koshibu K, Xia W, Luettich K, Kondylis A, Garcia L, Phillips B, Peitsch M, Hoeng J. Effects of cigarette smoke exposure on a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:597-610. [PMID: 35392156 PMCID: PMC8980708 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease associated with genetic and environmental factors. Cigarette smoking is harmful to health and may be one of the risk factors for MS. However, there have been no systematic investigations under controlled experimental conditions linking cigarette smoke (CS) and MS. The present study is the first inhalation study to correlate the pre-clinical and pathological manifestations affected by different doses of CS exposure in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Female C57BL/6 mice were whole-body exposed to either fresh air (sham) or three concentrations of CS from a reference cigarette (3R4F) for 2 weeks before and 4 weeks after EAE induction. The effects of exposure on body weight, clinical symptoms, spinal cord pathology, and serum biochemicals were then assessed. Exposure to low and medium concentrations of CS exacerbated the severity of symptoms and spinal cord pathology, while the high concentration had no effect relative to sham exposure in mice with EAE. Interestingly, the clinical chemistry parameters for metabolic profile as well as liver and renal function (e.g. triglycerides and creatinine levels, alkaline phosphatase activity) were lower in these mice than in naïve controls. Although the mouse EAE model does not fully recapitulate the pathology or symptoms of MS in humans, these findings largely corroborate previous epidemiological findings that exposure to CS can worsen the symptoms and pathology of MS. Furthermore, the study newly highlights the possible correlation of clinical chemistry findings such as metabolism and liver and renal function between MS patients and EAE mice.
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Key Words
- AAALAC, Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care
- BBB, Blood-brain barrier
- CFA, Freund’s complete adjuvant
- CNS, Central nervous system
- CO, Carbon monoxide
- CS, Cigarette smoke
- Cigarette smoke
- Clinical chemistry
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- EAE, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
- GAM, generalized additive model
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- ISO, International Organization for Standardization
- Inhalation
- MOG, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
- MS, Multiple sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis
- OCT, Optimal cutting temperature
- PFA, Paraformaldehyde
- PMI, Philip Morris International
- PTX, Pertussis toxin
- QC, Quality control
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TPM, Total particulate matter
- US, United States
- eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- nAChR, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
- s.c., Subcutaneous
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ho
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, 117406, Singapore
| | - Kyoko Koshibu
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Wenhao Xia
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, 117406, Singapore
| | - Karsta Luettich
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Athanasios Kondylis
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Llenalia Garcia
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Blaine Phillips
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte. Ltd., Science Park II, 117406, Singapore
| | - Manuel Peitsch
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Hoeng
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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16
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Matsuyama S, Tanaka Y, Hasebe R, Hojyo S, Murakami M. Gateway Reflex and Mechanotransduction. Front Immunol 2022; 12:780451. [PMID: 35003096 PMCID: PMC8728022 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.780451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gateway reflex explains how autoreactive CD4+ T cells cause inflammation in tissues that have blood-barriers, such as the central nervous system and retina. It depends on neural activations in response to specific external stimuli, such as gravity, pain, stress, and light, which lead to the secretion of noradrenaline at specific vessels in the tissues. Noradrenaline activates NFkB at these vessels, followed by an increase of chemokine expression as well as a reduction of tight junction molecules to accumulate autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which breach blood-barriers. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) molecules on sensory neurons are critical for the gateway reflex, indicating the importance of mechano-sensing. In this review, we overview the gateway reflex with a special interest in mechanosensory transduction (mechanotransduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiina Matsuyama
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan.,Division of Neurommunology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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17
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Mirabelli E, Elkabes S. Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models: Focus on Mechanisms, Knowledge Gaps and Future Directions. Front Neurol 2022; 12:793745. [PMID: 34975739 PMCID: PMC8716468 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.793745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifaceted, complex and chronic neurological disease that leads to motor, sensory and cognitive deficits. MS symptoms are unpredictable and exceedingly variable. Pain is a frequent symptom of MS and manifests as nociceptive or neuropathic pain, even at early disease stages. Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating symptoms that reduces quality of life and interferes with daily activities, particularly because conventional pharmacotherapies do not adequately alleviate neuropathic pain. Despite advances, the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain in MS remain elusive. The majority of the studies investigating the pathophysiology of MS-associated neuropathic pain have been performed in animal models that replicate some of the clinical and neuropathological features of MS. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is one of the best-characterized and most commonly used animal models of MS. As in the case of individuals with MS, rodents affected by EAE manifest increased sensitivity to pain which can be assessed by well-established assays. Investigations on EAE provided valuable insights into the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Nevertheless, additional investigations are warranted to better understand the events that lead to the onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain in order to identify targets that can facilitate the development of more effective therapeutic interventions. The goal of the present review is to provide an overview of several mechanisms implicated in neuropathic pain in EAE by summarizing published reports. We discuss current knowledge gaps and future research directions, especially based on information obtained by use of other animal models of neuropathic pain such as nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersilia Mirabelli
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.,Department of Biology and Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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18
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Stofkova A, Zloh M, Andreanska D, Fiserova I, Kubovciak J, Hejda J, Kutilek P, Murakami M. Depletion of Retinal Dopaminergic Activity in a Mouse Model of Rod Dysfunction Exacerbates Experimental Autoimmune Uveoretinitis: A Role for the Gateway Reflex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010453. [PMID: 35008877 PMCID: PMC8745287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gateway reflex is a mechanism by which neural inputs regulate chemokine expression at endothelial cell barriers, thereby establishing gateways for the invasion of autoreactive T cells into barrier-protected tissues. In this study, we hypothesized that rod photoreceptor dysfunction causes remodeling of retinal neural activity, which influences the blood–retinal barrier and the development of retinal inflammation. We evaluated this hypothesis using Gnat1rd17 mice, a model of night blindness with late-onset rod-cone dystrophy, and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Retinal remodeling and its effect on EAU development were investigated by transcriptome profiling, target identification, and functional validation. We showed that Gnat1rd17 mice primarily underwent alterations in their retinal dopaminergic system, triggering the development of an exacerbated EAU, which was counteracted by dopamine replacement with L-DOPA administered either systemically or locally. Remarkably, dopamine acted on retinal endothelial cells to inhibit NF-κB and STAT3 activity and the expression of downstream target genes such as chemokines involved in T cell recruitment. These results suggest that rod-mediated dopamine release functions in a gateway reflex manner in the homeostatic control of immune cell entry into the retina, and the loss of retinal dopaminergic activity in conditions associated with rod dysfunction increases the susceptibility to autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stofkova
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (D.A.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-224-902-718
| | - Miloslav Zloh
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (D.A.); (I.F.)
| | - Dominika Andreanska
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (D.A.); (I.F.)
| | - Ivana Fiserova
- Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.Z.); (D.A.); (I.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruska 87, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovciak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Jan Hejda
- Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sitna Sq. 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Patrik Kutilek
- Department of Health Care and Population Protection, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Sitna Sq. 3105, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic; (J.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan;
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19
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Kamimura D, Tanaka Y, Hasebe R, Murakami M. Bidirectional communication between neural and immune systems. Int Immunol 2021; 32:693-701. [PMID: 31875424 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune and nervous systems share many features, including receptor and ligand expression, enabling efficient communication between the two. Accumulating evidence suggests that the communication is bidirectional, with the neural system regulating immune cell functions and vice versa. Steroid hormones from the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis are examples of systemic regulators for this communication. Neural reflexes describe regional regulation mechanisms that are a historically new concept that helps to explain how the neural and body systems including immune system communicate. Several recently identified neural reflexes, including the inflammatory reflex and gateway reflex, significantly impact the activation status of the immune system and are associated with inflammatory diseases and disorders. Either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects can be elicited by these neural reflexes. On the other hand, the activities of immune cells during inflammation, for example the secretion of inflammatory mediators, can affect the functions of neuronal systems via neural reflexes and modulate biological outputs via specific neural pathways. In this review article, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of bidirectional neuro-immune interactions, with a particular focus on neural reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Biomedical Animal Research Laboratory, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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20
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Murakami K, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. The gateway reflex: breaking through the blood barriers. Int Immunol 2021; 33:743-748. [PMID: 34505147 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have been studying inflammatory diseases, with a special focus on IL-6, and discovered two concepts related to inflammation development. One is the gateway reflex, which is induced by the activation of specific neural circuits followed by establishing gateways for autoreactive CD4 + T cells to pass through blood barriers toward the central nervous system (CNS) and retina during tissue-specific inflammatory diseases. We found that the formation of these gateways is dependent on the IL-6 amplifier, which is machinery for enhanced NF-κB activation in endothelial cells at specific sites. We have found five gateway reflexes in total. Here, we introduce the gateway reflex and the IL-6 amplifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Murakami
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15 jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15 jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Hokkaido, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi 7, Kita 15 jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Hokkaido, Japan.,Group of Quantum Immunology, Institute for Quantum Life Science, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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21
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Uchida M, Yamamoto R, Matsuyama S, Murakami K, Hasebe R, Hojyo S, Tanaka Y, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes, neuronal circuits that regulate the gateways for autoreactive T cells in organs that have blood barriers. Int Immunol 2021; 34:59-65. [PMID: 33978730 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gateway reflexes are neural circuits that maintain homeostasis of the immune system. They form gateways for autoreactive T cells to infiltrate the central nervous system in a noradrenaline-dependent manner despite the blood-brain barrier. This mechanism is critical not only for maintaining organ homeostasis but also for inflammatory disease development. Gateway reflexes can be regulated by environmental or artificial stimuli including electrical stimulation, suggesting that the infiltration of immune cells can be controlled by bioelectronic medicine. In this review, we describe the discovery of gateway reflexes and their future directions with special focus on bioelectronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Uchida
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Reiji Yamamoto
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shiina Matsuyama
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Kaoru Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Infectious Cancer, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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22
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Cho I, Kim JM, Kim EJ, Kim SY, Kam EH, Cheong E, Suh M, Koo BN. Orthopedic surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction is mediated by CX3CL1/R1 signaling. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:93. [PMID: 33858422 PMCID: PMC8048361 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative pain is a common phenomenon after surgery and is closely associated with the development of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Persistent pain and systemic inflammation caused by surgery have been suggested as key factors for the development of POCD. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor, the CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), are known to play a key role in pain and inflammation signaling pathways. Recent studies have shown that the regulation of CX3CR1/L1 signaling influences the development of various diseases including neuronal diseases. We determined whether CX3CR1/L1 signaling is a putative therapeutic target for POCD in a mouse model. Methods Adult (9–11 weeks) male mice were treated with neutralizing antibody to block CX3CR1/L1 signaling both before and after surgery. Inflammatory and behavioral responses including pain were assessed postoperatively. Also, CX3CR1 mRNA level was assessed. Hippocampal astrocyte activation, Mao B expression, and GABA expression were assessed at 2 days after surgery following neutralizing antibody administration. Results The behavioral response indicated cognitive dysfunction and development of pain in the surgery group compared with the control group. Also, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CX3CR1 mRNA were observed in the surgery group. In addition, increased levels of GABA and increased Mao B expression were observed in reactive astrocytes in the surgery group; these responses were attenuated by neutralizing antibody administration. Conclusions Increased CX3CR1 after surgery is both necessary and sufficient to induce cognitive dysfunction. CX3CR1 could be an important target for therapeutic strategies to prevent the development of POCD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02150-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inja Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeong gi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.,Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.,Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Bon-Nyeo Koo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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23
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Nakai A, Leach S, Suzuki K. Control of immune cell trafficking through inter-organ communication. Int Immunol 2021; 33:327-335. [PMID: 33751050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a cardinal feature of the immune system. Immune cell trafficking is orchestrated principally by chemokines and adhesion molecules, which guide the cells to the right place and at the right time to efficiently induce immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that signals from other organ systems influence the expression of and responsiveness to these guidance cues and consequentially immune cell migration. Neuronal inputs control entry and exit of immune cells to and from lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The circadian clock helps establish diurnal variations in immune cell distribution among tissues. Nutritional status also alters immune cell homing to the bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about inter-organ control of immune cell trafficking and discuss the physiological and pathological significance of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah Leach
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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24
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Mailhot B, Christin M, Tessandier N, Sotoudeh C, Bretheau F, Turmel R, Pellerin È, Wang F, Bories C, Joly-Beauparlant C, De Koninck Y, Droit A, Cicchetti F, Scherrer G, Boilard E, Sharif-Naeini R, Lacroix S. Neuronal interleukin-1 receptors mediate pain in chronic inflammatory diseases. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151879. [PMID: 32573694 PMCID: PMC7478735 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major comorbidity of chronic inflammatory diseases. Here, we report that the cytokine IL-1β, which is abundantly produced during multiple sclerosis (MS), arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA) both in humans and in animal models, drives pain associated with these diseases. We found that the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) is highly expressed in the mouse and human by a subpopulation of TRPV1+ dorsal root ganglion neurons specialized in detecting painful stimuli, termed nociceptors. Strikingly, deletion of the Il1r1 gene specifically in TRPV1+ nociceptors prevented the development of mechanical allodynia without affecting clinical signs and disease progression in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and K/BxN serum transfer–induced RA. Conditional restoration of IL-1R1 expression in nociceptors of IL-1R1–knockout mice induced pain behavior but did not affect joint damage in monosodium iodoacetate–induced OA. Collectively, these data reveal that neuronal IL-1R1 signaling mediates pain, uncovering the potential benefit of anti–IL-1 therapies for pain management in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Mailhot
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marine Christin
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Tessandier
- Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Chaudy Sotoudeh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Floriane Bretheau
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Turmel
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ève Pellerin
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Feng Wang
- Centre de recherche CERVO, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Charles Joly-Beauparlant
- Axe Endocrinologie-néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Arnaud Droit
- Axe Endocrinologie-néphrologie du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,New York Stem Cell Foundation - Robertson Investigator, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Eric Boilard
- Axe Maladies infectieuses et immunitaires du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologie de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Reza Sharif-Naeini
- Department of Physiology and Cell Information Systems Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Steve Lacroix
- Axe Neurosciences du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval et Département de médecine moléculaire de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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25
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Abstract
IL-6 is involved both in immune responses and in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism and embryonic development. IL-6 plays roles in chronic inflammation (closely related to chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer) and even in the cytokine storm of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Acute inflammation during the immune response and wound healing is a well-controlled response, whereas chronic inflammation and the cytokine storm are uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Non-immune and immune cells, cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) play central roles in inflammation. Synergistic interactions between NF-κB and STAT3 induce the hyper-activation of NF-κB followed by the production of various inflammatory cytokines. Because IL-6 is an NF-κB target, simultaneous activation of NF-κB and STAT3 in non-immune cells triggers a positive feedback loop of NF-κB activation by the IL-6-STAT3 axis. This positive feedback loop is called the IL-6 amplifier (IL-6 Amp) and is a key player in the local initiation model, which states that local initiators, such as senescence, obesity, stressors, infection, injury and smoking, trigger diseases by promoting interactions between non-immune cells and immune cells. This model counters dogma that holds that autoimmunity and oncogenesis are triggered by the breakdown of tissue-specific immune tolerance and oncogenic mutations, respectively. The IL-6 Amp is activated by a variety of local initiators, demonstrating that the IL-6-STAT3 axis is a critical target for treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Hirano
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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26
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Preparation of Thin Frozen Sections from Nonfixed and Undecalcified Hard Tissues Using Kawamoto's Film Method (2020). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2230:259-281. [PMID: 33197019 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1028-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A method for preparing frozen sections with an adhesive film is described. In order to observe fine structures and weak fluorescence of samples, new types of adhesive films [Cryofilm type 3C(16UF) and 4D(16UF)] are used. The adhesive film is made with very clear and very low autofluorescence. For gene analysis, a very thin adhesive film (LMD film) is used to cut by means of the laser microdissection (LMD). For MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), a conductive adhesive film (Cryofilm type MS) is used to avoid electric charge of the sample. A biological sample is frozen quickly and freeze-embedded. The frozen sample is cut with a very sharp disposable blade made from fine tungsten carbide. The combination of the adhesive films and the blade can generate 3 micrometer thick sections from samples including bone, while it is also possible to generate 1 μm thick sections. The morphology of bone and soft tissues are preserved using this method. Cells such as osteoblasts, fibroblasts, and osteoclasts are clearly observed with an oil immersion lens at high magnification. Sections generated using the Cryofilm type 3C(16UF) shows weak fluorescent signals more clearly than sections generated with the previously reported adhesive films [Cryofilm type 2C(9) and 2C(10)]. Furthermore fluorescence of the fine structures in cells is clearly shown using a super-high-resolution microscope. Several staining and experimental methods such as histology, histochemistry, enzyme histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization can be performed on these sections. This method is also useful for preparing frozen sections of large sample such as a whole-body mouse and rat. In gene analysis, gene quality of sample collected from the section made with the LMD film is superior to that of sample made by a conventional method. The Cryofilm type MS makes almost complete section from tissues including hard tissues and large samples. The satisfactory signals are detected from the section with MALDI-MSI.
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27
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Higuchi H, Kamimura D, Jiang JJ, Atsumi T, Iwami D, Hotta K, Harada H, Takada Y, Kanno-Okada H, Hatanaka KC, Tanaka Y, Shinohara N, Murakami M. Orosomucoid 1 is involved in the development of chronic allograft rejection after kidney transplantation. Int Immunol 2020; 32:335-346. [PMID: 31930291 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic allograft rejection is the most common cause of long-term allograft failure. One reason is that current diagnostics and therapeutics for chronic allograft rejection are very limited. We here show that enhanced NFκB signaling in kidney grafts contributes to chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (CAAMR), which is a major pathology of chronic kidney allograft rejections. Moreover, we found that urinary orosomucoid 1 (ORM1) is a candidate marker molecule and therapeutic target for CAAMR. Indeed, urinary ORM1 concentration was significantly higher in kidney transplant recipients pathologically diagnosed with CAAMR than in kidney transplant recipients with normal histology, calcineurin inhibitor toxicity, or interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Additionally, we found that kidney biopsy samples with CAAMR expressed more ORM1 and had higher NFκB and STAT3 activation in tubular cells than samples from non-CAAMR samples. Consistently, ORM1 production was induced after cytokine-mediated NFκB and STAT3 activation in primary kidney tubular cells. The loss- and gain-of-function of ORM1 suppressed and promoted NFκB activation, respectively. Finally, ORM1-enhanced NFκB-mediated inflammation development in vivo. These results suggest that an enhanced NFκB-dependent pathway following NFκB and STAT3 activation in the grafts is involved in the development of chronic allograft rejection after kidney transplantation and that ORM1 is a non-invasive candidate biomarker and possible therapeutic target for chronic kidney allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Higuchi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Toru Atsumi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daiki Iwami
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Hotta
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Department of Kidney Transplant Surgery, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takada
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kanno-Okada
- Institute of Preventive Genomic Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xian, China
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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28
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Hojyo S, Uchida M, Tanaka K, Hasebe R, Tanaka Y, Murakami M, Hirano T. How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality. Inflamm Regen 2020. [PMID: 33014208 DOI: 10.1186/s41232‐020‐00146‐3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, but has rapidly spread all over the world. Some COVID-19 patients encounter a severe symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. This high severity is dependent on a cytokine storm, most likely induced by the interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which is hyper-activation machinery that regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and stimulated by the simultaneous activation of IL-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κB signaling in non-immune cells including alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells. We hypothesize that IL-6-STAT3 signaling is a promising therapeutic target for the cytokine storm in COVID-19, because IL-6 is a major STAT3 stimulator, particularly during inflammation. We herein review the pathogenic mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Mona Uchida
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Toshio Hirano
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan.,Headquarters, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
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29
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Hojyo S, Uchida M, Tanaka K, Hasebe R, Tanaka Y, Murakami M, Hirano T. How COVID-19 induces cytokine storm with high mortality. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:37. [PMID: 33014208 PMCID: PMC7527296 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The newly emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in Wuhan, China, but has rapidly spread all over the world. Some COVID-19 patients encounter a severe symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with high mortality. This high severity is dependent on a cytokine storm, most likely induced by the interleukin-6 (IL-6) amplifier, which is hyper-activation machinery that regulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and stimulated by the simultaneous activation of IL-6-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and NF-κB signaling in non-immune cells including alveolar epithelial cells and endothelial cells. We hypothesize that IL-6-STAT3 signaling is a promising therapeutic target for the cytokine storm in COVID-19, because IL-6 is a major STAT3 stimulator, particularly during inflammation. We herein review the pathogenic mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of ARDS in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Hojyo
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Mona Uchida
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Kumiko Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Rie Hasebe
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Toshio Hirano
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0815 Japan.,Headquarters, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555 Japan
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30
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Abstract
The systemic regulation of immune reactions by the nervous system is well studied and depends on the release of hormones. Some regional regulations of immune reactions, on the other hand, depend on specific neural pathways. Better understanding of these regulations will expand therapeutic applications for neuroimmune and organ-to-organ functional interactions. Here, we discuss one regional neuroimmune interaction, the gateway reflex, which converts specific neural inputs into local inflammatory outputs in the CNS. Neurotransmitters released by the inputs stimulate specific blood vessels to express chemokines, which serve as a gateway for immune cells to extravasate into the target organ such as the brain or spinal cord. Several types of gateway reflexes have been reported, and each controls distinct CNS blood vessels to form gateways that elicit local inflammation, particularly in the presence of autoreactive immune cells. For example, neural stimulation by gravity creates the initial entry point to the CNS by CNS-reactive pathogenic CD4+ T cells at the dorsal vessels of fifth lumbar spinal cord, while pain opens the gateway at the ventral side of blood vessels in the spinal cord. In addition, it was recently found that local inflammation by the gateway reflex in the brain triggers the activation of otherwise resting neural circuits to dysregulate organ functions in the periphery including the upper gastrointestinal tract and heart. Therefore, the gateway reflex represents a novel bidirectional neuroimmune interaction that regulates organ functions and could be a promising target for bioelectric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - M Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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31
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Stofkova A, Murakami M. Neural activity regulates autoimmune diseases through the gateway reflex. Bioelectron Med 2019; 5:14. [PMID: 32232103 PMCID: PMC7098223 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-019-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain, spinal cord and retina are protected from blood-borne compounds by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) and blood-retina barrier (BRB) respectively, which create a physical interface that tightly controls molecular and cellular transport. The mechanical and functional integrity of these unique structures between blood vessels and nervous tissues is critical for maintaining organ homeostasis. To preserve the stability of these barriers, interplay between constituent barrier cells, such as vascular endothelial cells, pericytes, glial cells and neurons, is required. When any of these cells are defective, the barrier can fail, allowing blood-borne compounds to encroach neural tissues and cause neuropathologies. Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and retina are characterized by barrier disruption and the infiltration of activated immune cells. Here we review our recent findings on the role of neural activity in the regulation of these barriers at the vascular endothelial cell level in the promotion of or protection against the development of autoimmune diseases. We suggest nervous system reflexes, which we named gateway reflexes, are fundamentally involved in these diseases. Although their reflex arcs are not completely understood, we identified the activation of specific sensory neurons or receptor cells to which barrier endothelial cells respond as effectors that regulate gateways for immune cells to enter the nervous tissue. We explain this novel mechanism and describe its role in neuroinflammatory conditions, including models of multiple sclerosis and posterior autoimmune uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stofkova
- 1Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- 2Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- 2Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0815 Japan
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32
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Murakami M, Kamimura D, Hirano T. Pleiotropy and Specificity: Insights from the Interleukin 6 Family of Cytokines. Immunity 2019; 50:812-831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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33
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Stofkova A, Kamimura D, Ohki T, Ota M, Arima Y, Murakami M. Photopic light-mediated down-regulation of local α 1A-adrenergic signaling protects blood-retina barrier in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2353. [PMID: 30787395 PMCID: PMC6382936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38895-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We have reported the gateway reflex, which describes specific neural activations that regulate immune cell gateways at specific blood vessels in the central nervous system (CNS). Four types of gateway reflexes exist, all of which induce alterations in endothelial cells at specific vessels of the blood-brain barrier followed by inflammation in the CNS in the presence of CNS-autoreactive T cells. Here we report a new gateway reflex that suppresses the development of retinal inflammation by using an autoreactive T cell-mediated ocular inflammation model. Exposure to photopic light down-regulated the adrenoceptor pathway to attenuate ocular inflammation by suppressing breaching of the blood-retina barrier. Mechanistic analysis showed that exposure to photopic light down-regulates the expression of α1A-adrenoceptor (α1AAR) due to high levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine, subsequently suppressing inflammation. Surgical ablation of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) did not negate the protective effect of photopic light, suggesting the involvement of retinal noradrenergic neurons rather than sympathetic neurons from the SCG. Blockade of α1AAR signaling under mesopic light recapitulated the protective effect of photopic light. Thus, targeting regional adrenoceptor signaling might represent a novel therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases including those that affect organs separated by barriers such as the CNS and eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Stofkova
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan. .,Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0815, Japan.
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34
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Gateway reflex: Local neuroimmune interactions that regulate blood vessels. Neurochem Int 2018; 130:104303. [PMID: 30273641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimmunology is a research field that intersects neuroscience and immunology, with the larger aim of gaining significant insights into the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Conventional studies in this field have so far mainly dealt with immune responses in the nervous system (i.e. neuroinflammation) or systemic immune regulation by the release of glucocorticoids. On the other hand, recently accumulating evidence has indicated bidirectional interactions between specific neural activations and local immune responses. Here we discuss one such local neuroimmune interaction, the gateway reflex. The gateway reflex represents a mechanism that translates specific neural stimulations into local inflammatory outcomes by changing the state of specific blood vessels to allow immune cells to extravasate, thus forming the gateway. Several types of gateway reflex have been identified, and each regulates distinct blood vessels to create gateways for immune cells that induce local inflammation. The gateway reflex represents a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroinflammation and is potentially applicable to other inflammatory diseases in peripheral organs.
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35
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Tanaka Y, Sabharwal L, Ota M, Nakagawa I, Jiang JJ, Arima Y, Ogura H, Okochi M, Ishii M, Kamimura D, Murakami M. Presenilin 1 Regulates NF-κB Activation via Association with Breakpoint Cluster Region and Casein Kinase II. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2256-2263. [PMID: 30201812 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that NF-κB-mediated inflammation caused by breakpoint cluster region (BCR) is dependent on the α subunit of casein kinase II (CK2α) complex. In the current study, we demonstrate that presenilin 1 (Psen1), which is a catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex and the mutations of which are known to cause familial Alzheimer disease, acts as a scaffold of the BCR-CK2α-p65 complex to induce NF-κB activation. Indeed, Psen1 deficiency in mouse endothelial cells showed a significant reduction of NF-κB p65 recruitment to target gene promoters. Conversely, Psen1 overexpression enhanced reporter activation under NF-κB responsive elements and IL-6 promoter. Furthermore, the transcription of NF-κB target genes was not inhibited by a γ-secretase inhibitor, suggesting that Psen1 regulates NF-κB activation in a manner independent of γ-secretase activity. Mechanistically, Psen1 associated with the BCR-CK2α complex, which is required for phosphorylation of p65 at serine 529. Consistently, TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p65 at serine 529 was significantly decreased in Psen1-deficient cells. The association of the BCR-CK2α-p65 complex was perturbed in the absence of Psen1. These results suggest that Psen1 functions as a scaffold of the BCR-CK2α-p65 complex and that this signaling cascade could be a novel therapeutic target for various chronic inflammation conditions, including those in Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Lavannya Sabharwal
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Ikuma Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masayasu Okochi
- Neuropsychiatry, Department of Integrated Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan;
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan;
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Abstract
Chronic pain is a significant problem worldwide and is the most common disability in the United States. It is well known that the immune system plays a critical role in the development and maintenance of many chronic pain conditions. The involvement of the immune system can be through the release of autoantibodies, in the case of rheumatoid arthritis, or via cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators (i.e. substance P, histamine, bradykinin, tumor necrosis factor, interleukins, and prostaglandins). Immune cells, such as T cells, B cells and their antibodies, and microglia are clearly key players in immune-related pain. The purpose of this review is to briefly discuss the immune system involvement in pain and to outline how it relates to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, complex regional pain syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and diabetic neuropathy. The immune system plays a major role in many debilitating chronic pain conditions and we believe that animal models of disease and their treatments should be more directly focused on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Totsch
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
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37
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Kamimura D, Ohki T, Arima Y, Murakami M. Gateway reflex: neural activation-mediated immune cell gateways in the central nervous system. Int Immunol 2018; 30:281-289. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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38
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Cho C, Michailidis V, Martin LJ. Revealing brain mechanisms of mTOR-mediated translational regulation: Implications for chronic pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2018; 4:27-34. [PMID: 31194026 PMCID: PMC6550104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
mTOR is a major regulator of protein translation. mTOR serves an important role in neural plasticity. mTOR signalling in the brain as a pathology for neurological disorder is known. mTOR signalling in the brain as a chronic pain mechanism is understudied.
In the spinal cord, altered protein transcription and translation have received a lot of recent attention for their role in neural plasticity, a major mechanism leading to the development of chronic pain. However, changes in brain plasticity are also associated with the maintenance of pain symptoms, but these cellular mechanisms remain less clear. The mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a master regulator of protein synthesis, and controls several neuronal functions, including neural plasticity. While aberrant changes in mTOR signaling are associated with sensitization of the pain pathway (sensory neurons and spinal cord), there are various nervous system diseases that have pain as a comorbidity and altered mTOR activity in the brain. Here, we provide a brief review of mTOR changes in the brain that are associated with some neurological disorders and focus on how these changes may be relevant to the pain of the underlying condition and chronic pain itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Cho
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Vassilia Michailidis
- Deptartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Loren J. Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Deptartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada.
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39
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A Pediatric Case of Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Onset following Varicella Zoster Ophthalmicus with Optic Neuritis. Case Rep Pediatr 2018; 2018:6931206. [PMID: 29785316 PMCID: PMC5892297 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6931206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some epidemiological studies have implied a pathogenetic association between varicella zoster virus (VZV) and multiple sclerosis (MS); this, however, remains controversial. The present report describes a case involving an immunocompetent 10-year-old girl who developed relapsing-remitting MS following the prolonged reactivation of VZV inside the first branch of the trigeminal nerve, exhibiting herpes zoster ophthalmicus with severe optic neuritis. Symptoms related to herpes zoster ophthalmicus and MS appeared consecutively in the 10-week period after the appearance of vesicles. This suggests that the onset of MS was triggered by some mechanism involving VZV reactivation in the first branch of the trigeminal nerve. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe a relationship between the onset of MS and herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Early diagnosis and aggressive antiviral therapy are important in cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus to prevent the possible development of MS as well as visual impairment as sequela.
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Atsumi T, Suzuki H, Jiang JJ, Okuyama Y, Nakagawa I, Ota M, Tanaka Y, Ohki T, Katsunuma K, Nakajima K, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Ogura H, Arima Y, Kamimura D, Murakami M. Rbm10 regulates inflammation development via alternative splicing of Dnmt3b. Int Immunol 2017; 29:581-591. [PMID: 29309623 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding motif 10 (Rbm10) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing, but its role in inflammation is not well defined. Here, we show that Rbm10 controls appropriate splicing of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b), a DNA methyltransferase, to regulate the activity of NF-κB-responsive promoters and consequently inflammation development. Rbm10 deficiency suppressed NF-κB-mediated responses in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic analysis showed that Rbm10 deficiency decreased promoter recruitment of NF-κB, with increased DNA methylation of the promoter regions in NF-κB-responsive genes. Consistently, Rbm10 deficiency increased the expression level of Dnmt3b2, which has enzyme activity, while it decreased the splicing isoform Dnmt3b3, which does not. These two isoforms associated with NF-κB efficiently, and overexpression of enzymatically active Dnmt3b2 suppressed the expression of NF-κB targets, indicating that Rbm10-mediated Dnmt3b2 regulation is important for the induction of NF-κB-mediated transcription. Therefore, Rbm10-dependent Dnmt3b regulation is a possible therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Atsumi
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironao Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing-Jing Jiang
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuko Okuyama
- Laboratory of Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Graduate School of Medicine, and WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuma Nakagawa
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kokichi Katsunuma
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakajima
- Department of Immunology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Research & Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Research & Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory for Integrative Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ogura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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41
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Tanaka Y, Arima Y, Kamimura D, Murakami M. The Gateway Reflex, a Novel Neuro-Immune Interaction for the Regulation of Regional Vessels. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1321. [PMID: 29093711 PMCID: PMC5651242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The gateway reflex is a new phenomenon that explains how immune cells bypass the blood-brain barrier to infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and trigger neuroinflammation. To date, four examples of gateway reflexes have been discovered, each described by the stimulus that evokes the reflex. Gravity, electricity, pain, and stress have all been found to create gateways at specific regions of the CNS. The gateway reflex, the most recently discovered of the four, has also been shown to upset the homeostasis of organs in the periphery through its action on the CNS. These reflexes provide novel therapeutic targets for the control of local neuroinflammation and organ function. Each gateway reflex is activated by different neural activations and induces inflmammation at different regions in the CNS. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to manipulate each independently, providing a novel therapeutic strategy to control local neuroinflammation and peripheral organ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Psychoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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42
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Arima Y, Ohki T, Nishikawa N, Higuchi K, Ota M, Tanaka Y, Nio-Kobayashi J, Elfeky M, Sakai R, Mori Y, Kawamoto T, Stofkova A, Sakashita Y, Morimoto Y, Kuwatani M, Iwanaga T, Yoshioka Y, Sakamoto N, Yoshimura A, Takiguchi M, Sakoda S, Prinz M, Kamimura D, Murakami M. Brain micro-inflammation at specific vessels dysregulates organ-homeostasis via the activation of a new neural circuit. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28809157 PMCID: PMC5557598 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impact of stress on diseases including gastrointestinal failure is well-known, but molecular mechanism is not understood. Here we show underlying molecular mechanism using EAE mice. Under stress conditions, EAE caused severe gastrointestinal failure with high-mortality. Mechanistically, autoreactive-pathogenic CD4+ T cells accumulated at specific vessels of boundary area of third-ventricle, thalamus, and dentate-gyrus to establish brain micro-inflammation via stress-gateway reflex. Importantly, induction of brain micro-inflammation at specific vessels by cytokine injection was sufficient to establish fatal gastrointestinal failure. Resulting micro-inflammation activated new neural pathway including neurons in paraventricular-nucleus, dorsomedial-nucleus-of-hypothalamus, and also vagal neurons to cause fatal gastrointestinal failure. Suppression of the brain micro-inflammation or blockage of these neural pathways inhibited the gastrointestinal failure. These results demonstrate direct link between brain micro-inflammation and fatal gastrointestinal disease via establishment of a new neural pathway under stress. They further suggest that brain micro-inflammation around specific vessels could be switch to activate new neural pathway(s) to regulate organ homeostasis. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25517.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishikawa
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Higuchi
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junko Nio-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Elfeky
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Behera, Egypt
| | - Ryota Sakai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Mori
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kawamoto
- Radioisotope Research Institute, Department of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Andrea Stofkova
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sakashita
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Morimoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kuwatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshichika Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Imaging, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saburo Sakoda
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Toneyama National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Nakagawa I, Murakami M. Inflammation amplifier and gateway reflex: The regulation of inflammation by neuroimmune interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 40:160-168. [PMID: 28747602 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.40.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of brain and spinal cord, is protected from the invasion of harmful agents, such as various pathogens, chemical products or immune cells by a special structure "Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)". BBB highly preserves the homeostasis of CNS environment. On the other hand, there are many diseases in CNS regions which is associated with infection or autoimmunity, that means there may exist the "gateway" for pathogens or immune cells to attack CNS. Until recently, the molecular mechanism of the gateway formation has not been elucidated. Through studies in the multiple sclerosis model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we have clarified the mechanism of the gateway formation, and also the locations of gateways which depend on the regional neural activation. Further more, we have also discovered a massive chemokine-inducing mechanism "inflammation amplifier" via co-activation of NF-κB pathway and STAT3 pathway. It is essential for the development of inflammation in various diseases and is a molecular basis of BBB breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuma Nakagawa
- Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University
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Elfeky M, Kamimura D, Arima Y, Murakami M, Steinman L. Targeting molecules involved in immune cell trafficking to the central nervous system for therapy in multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elfeky
- Psychoimmunology; Institute for Genetic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Alexandria University; Edfina Behera Egypt
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Psychoimmunology; Institute for Genetic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Psychoimmunology; Institute for Genetic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Psychoimmunology; Institute for Genetic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Neurology and Neurological Sciences; Stanford University; Stanford CA USA
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Tanaka Y, Arima Y, Higuchi K, Ohki T, Elfeky M, Ota M, Kamimura D, Murakami M. EAE Induction by Passive Transfer of MOG-specific CD4 + T Cells. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2370. [PMID: 34541112 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), which is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). It is characterized by focal demyelination and inflammatory responses mediated by myelin-specific autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Using a passive transfer model of EAE in mice, we have demonstrated that regional specific neural signals by sensory-sympathetic communications create gateways for immune cells at specific blood vessels of the CNS, a phenomenon known as the gateway reflex ( Arima et al., 2012 ; Tracey, 2012; Arima et al., 2013 ; Sabharwal et al., 2014 ; Arima et al., 2015b ). Here we describe protocols for passive transfer model of EAE using freshly isolated (MOG)-specific CD4+ T cells or periodically restimulated MOG-specific CD4+ T cell lines, which are suitable for tracking pathogenic CD4+ T cells in vivo, particularly in the CNS ( Ogura et al., 2008 ; Arima et al., 2012 and 2015b).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Higuchi
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takuto Ohki
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Elfeky
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Ota
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Division of Molecular Neuroimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ohki T, Kamimura D, Arima Y, Murakami M. Gateway reflexes: A new paradigm of neuroimmune interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cen3.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Ohki
- Molecular Neuroimmunology; Institute for Genetic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Daisuke Kamimura
- Molecular Neuroimmunology; Institute for Genetic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yasunobu Arima
- Molecular Neuroimmunology; Institute for Genetic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Masaaki Murakami
- Molecular Neuroimmunology; Institute for Genetic Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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47
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Immune Regulation of Antibody Access to Neuronal Tissues. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:227-245. [PMID: 28185790 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in how the innate and adaptive immune systems control the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-nerve barrier (BNB). Interferons and TAM receptors play key roles in innate immune control of the BBB. Cells of the adaptive immune system, particularly CD4+ T cells, take distinct routes to enter neural tissues and mediate immune surveillance. Furthermore, T cell-mediated opening of the BBB and the BNB is crucial to allow antibody access and thereby block the replication of neurotropic viruses. Such novel insights gained from basic research provide key foundations for future design of therapeutic strategies - enabling antibody access to the brain may be key to cancer immunotherapy and to the use of vaccines against neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Suzuki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan
| | - Akiko Nakai
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan
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49
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SUZUKI K. Regulation of inflammatory responses by the autonomic nervous system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 39:96-102. [DOI: 10.2177/jsci.39.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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