1
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Parisis N, Dans PD, Jbara M, Singh B, Schausi-Tiffoche D, Molina-Serrano D, Brun-Heath I, Hendrychová D, Maity SK, Buitrago D, Lema R, Nait Achour T, Giunta S, Girardot M, Talarek N, Rofidal V, Danezi K, Coudreuse D, Prioleau MN, Feil R, Orozco M, Brik A, Wu PYJ, Krasinska L, Fisher D. Histone H3 serine-57 is a CHK1 substrate whose phosphorylation affects DNA repair. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5104. [PMID: 37607906 PMCID: PMC10444856 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications promote a chromatin environment that controls transcription, DNA replication and repair, but surprisingly few phosphorylations have been documented. We report the discovery of histone H3 serine-57 phosphorylation (H3S57ph) and show that it is implicated in different DNA repair pathways from fungi to vertebrates. We identified CHK1 as a major human H3S57 kinase, and disrupting or constitutively mimicking H3S57ph had opposing effects on rate of recovery from replication stress, 53BP1 chromatin binding, and dependency on RAD52. In fission yeast, mutation of all H3 alleles to S57A abrogated DNA repair by both non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination, while cells with phospho-mimicking S57D alleles were partly compromised for both repair pathways, presented aberrant Rad52 foci and were strongly sensitised to replication stress. Mechanistically, H3S57ph loosens DNA-histone contacts, increasing nucleosome mobility, and interacts with H3K56. Our results suggest that dynamic phosphorylation of H3S57 is required for DNA repair and recovery from replication stress, opening avenues for investigating the role of this modification in other DNA-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Parisis
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pablo D Dans
- IRB Barcelona, BIST, Barcelona, Spain
- Bioinformatics Unit, Institute Pasteur of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Department of Biological Sciences, CENUR North Riverside, University of the Republic (UdelaR), Salto, Uruguay
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Denisa Hendrychová
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Suman Kumar Maity
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | | | - Thiziri Nait Achour
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Simona Giunta
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Genome Evolution, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Girardot
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Talarek
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Rofidal
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Katerina Danezi
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Damien Coudreuse
- IGDR, CNRS, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- IBGC, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Robert Feil
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ashraf Brik
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pei-Yun Jenny Wu
- IGDR, CNRS, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- IBGC, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Liliana Krasinska
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
| | - Daniel Fisher
- IGMM, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Paris, France.
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2
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Sanz‐Castillo B, Hurtado B, Vara‐Ciruelos D, El Bakkali A, Hermida D, Salvador‐Barbero B, Martínez‐Alonso D, González‐Martínez J, Santiveri C, Campos‐Olivas R, Ximénez‐Embún P, Muñoz J, Álvarez‐Fernández M, Malumbres M. The MASTL/PP2A cell cycle kinase-phosphatase module restrains PI3K-Akt activity in an mTORC1-dependent manner. EMBO J 2023; 42:e110833. [PMID: 36354735 PMCID: PMC9841333 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AKT-mTOR pathway is a central regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Upon sustained mTOR activity, AKT activity is attenuated by a feedback loop that restrains upstream signaling. However, how cells control the signals that limit AKT activity is not fully understood. Here, we show that MASTL/Greatwall, a cell cycle kinase that supports mitosis by phosphorylating the PP2A/B55 inhibitors ENSA/ARPP19, inhibits PI3K-AKT activity by sustaining mTORC1- and S6K1-dependent phosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10. Genetic depletion of MASTL results in an inefficient feedback loop and AKT hyperactivity. These defects are rescued by the expression of phosphomimetic ENSA/ARPP19 or inhibition of PP2A/B55 phosphatases. MASTL is directly phosphorylated by mTORC1, thereby limiting the PP2A/B55-dependent dephosphorylation of IRS1 and GRB10 downstream of mTORC1. Downregulation of MASTL results in increased glucose uptake in vitro and increased glucose tolerance in adult mice, suggesting the relevance of the MASTL-PP2A/B55 kinase-phosphatase module in controlling AKT and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Sanz‐Castillo
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Begoña Hurtado
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Diana Vara‐Ciruelos
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Aicha El Bakkali
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Dario Hermida
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Diego Martínez‐Alonso
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Clara Santiveri
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Ramón Campos‐Olivas
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | | | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics UnitSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
| | - Mónica Álvarez‐Fernández
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA)Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA)OviedoSpain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer GroupSpanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO)MadridSpain
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3
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Gouttia OG, Zhao J, Li Y, Zwiener MJ, Wang L, Oakley GG, Peng A. The MASTL-ENSA-PP2A/B55 axis modulates cisplatin resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:904719. [PMID: 36247015 PMCID: PMC9554306 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.904719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) that is inoperable, recurrent, or metastatic. Platinum sensitivity is a major determinant of patient survival in advanced OSCC. Here, we investigated the involvement of MASTL, a cell cycle kinase that mediates ENSA/ARPP19 phosphorylation and PP2A/B55 inhibition, in OSCC therapy. Interestingly, upregulation of MASTL and ENSA/ARPP19, and downregulation of PP2A/B55, were common in OSCC. MASTL expression was in association with poor patient survival. In established OSCC cell lines, upregulation of MASTL and ENSA, and downregulation of B55 genes, correlated with cisplatin resistance. We further confirmed that stable expression of MASTL in OSCC cells promoted cell survival and proliferation under cisplatin treatment, in an ENSA-dependent manner. Conversely, deletion of MASTL or ENSA, or overexpression of B55α, sensitized cisplatin response, consistent with increased DNA damage accumulation, signaling, and caspase activation. Moreover, GKI-1, the first-in-class small molecule inhibitor of MASTL kinase, phenocopied MASTL depletion in enhancing the outcome of cisplatin treatment in OSCC cells, at a dose substantially lower than that needed to disrupt mitotic entry. Finally, GKI-1 exhibited promising efficacy in a mouse tumor xenograft model, in conjunction with cisplatin therapy.
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4
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SILAC kinase screen identifies potential MASTL substrates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10568. [PMID: 35732702 PMCID: PMC9217955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL) has emerged as a critical regulator of mitosis and as a potential oncogene in a variety of cancer types. To date, Arpp-19/ENSA are the only known substrates of MASTL. However, with the roles of MASTL expanding and increased interest in development of MASTL inhibitors, it has become critical to determine if there are additional substrates and what the optimal consensus motif for MASTL is. Here we utilized a whole cell lysate in vitro kinase screen combined with stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to identify potential substrates and the residue preference of MASTL. Using the related AGC kinase family members AKT1/2, the kinase screen identified several known and new substrates highly enriched for the validated consensus motif of AKT. Applying this method to MASTL identified 59 phospho-sites on 67 proteins that increased in the presence of active MASTL. Subsequent in vitro kinase assays suggested that MASTL may phosphorylate hnRNPM, YB1 and TUBA1C under certain in vitro conditions. Taken together, these data suggest that MASTL may phosphorylate several additional substrates, providing insight into the ever-increasing biological functions and roles MASTL plays in driving cancer progression and therapy resistance.
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5
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Närvä E, Taskinen ME, Lilla S, Isomursu A, Pietilä M, Weltner J, Isola J, Sihto H, Joensuu H, Zanivan S, Norman J, Ivaska J. MASTL is enriched in cancerous and pluripotent stem cells and influences OCT1/OCT4 levels. iScience 2022; 25:104459. [PMID: 35677646 PMCID: PMC9167974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
MASTL is a mitotic accelerator with an emerging role in breast cancer progression. However, the mechanisms behind its oncogenicity remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a previously unknown role and eminent expression of MASTL in stem cells. MASTL staining from a large breast cancer patient cohort indicated a significant association with β3 integrin, an established mediator of breast cancer stemness. MASTL silencing reduced OCT4 levels in human pluripotent stem cells and OCT1 in breast cancer cells. Analysis of the cell-surface proteome indicated a strong link between MASTL and the regulation of TGF-β receptor II (TGFBR2), a key modulator of TGF-β signaling. Overexpression of wild-type and kinase-dead MASTL in normal mammary epithelial cells elevated TGFBR2 levels. Conversely, MASTL depletion in breast cancer cells attenuated TGFBR2 levels and downstream signaling through SMAD3 and AKT pathways. Taken together, these results indicate that MASTL supports stemness regulators in pluripotent and cancerous stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Närvä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria E. Taskinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Aleksi Isomursu
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Pietilä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jere Weltner
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sihto
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- University of Helsinki and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jim Norman
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Western Finnish Cancer Center (FICAN West), University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Polisety A, Misra G, Rajawat J, Katiyar A, Singh H, Bhatt AN. Therapeutic natural compounds Enzastaurin and Palbociclib inhibit MASTL kinase activity preventing breast cancer cell proliferation. Med Oncol 2022; 39:100. [PMID: 35599277 PMCID: PMC9124600 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL) regulates mitotic progression and is an attractive target for the development of new anticancer drugs. In this study, novel inhibitory molecules were screened against MASTL kinase, a protein involved in cell proliferation in breast cancer. Natural source-derived drugs Enzastaurin and Palbociclib were selected to identify their role as MASTL kinase inhibitors. Cytotoxic activity, kinase activity, and other cell-based assays of Enzastaurin and Palbociclib were evaluated on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The potential natural compounds caused cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further analysis by Annexin V and PI staining indicated that both drugs are potent inducers of apoptosis. Enzastaurin induced G2/M phase arrest, while Palbociclib caused G1 arrest. MASTL kinase activity was significantly abrogated with both the compounds showing EC50 values of 17.13 µM and 10.51 µM, respectively. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that Enzastaurin and Palbociclib possess the ability to inhibit MASTL kinase activity and induce cell death in breast cancer cells, thus exhibiting significant therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Polisety
- Molecular Diagnostic & Covid-19 Kit Testing Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals (NIB), A-32, Sector-62, Institutional Area Noida, Noida, 201309, UP, India
| | - Gauri Misra
- Molecular Diagnostic & Covid-19 Kit Testing Laboratory, National Institute of Biologicals (NIB), A-32, Sector-62, Institutional Area Noida, Noida, 201309, UP, India.
| | - Jyotika Rajawat
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Katiyar
- CCRF: Bioinformatics Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Data Management Laboratory, ICMR-AIIMS Computational Genomics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Narayan Bhatt
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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7
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Fu C, Yang K, Zou Y, Huo R. Identification of Key microRNAs and Genes in Infantile Hemangiomas. Front Genet 2022; 13:766561. [PMID: 35360837 PMCID: PMC8963821 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.766561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most frequent vascular tumors that occur during infancy. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have been demonstrated as critical regulators of gene expression in various diseases. However, the function of miRNAs in IH still remains largely unknown. In the present study, we performed a miRNA microarray analysis of IH and identified 68 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). In addition, miRNA-gene networks and protein-protein interactions were constructed, and the hub miRNAs and genes of IH were screened out. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were used for biological analysis of DEMs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The pathway enrichment analysis of DEMs revealed several tumor-related pathways, including proteoglycans in cancer, signaling pathway regulating pluripotency of stem cells and TGF-beta signaling pathway. DEGs were mainly enriched in biological processes, including intracellular signal transduction, cell adhesion, and cell death. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that DEGs were enriched in tumorigenesis- and angiogenesis-related pathways such as proteoglycans in cancer, MAPK signaling pathway and Rap1 signaling pathway. Collectively, this study first established a comprehensive miRNA-gene network in IH, which should provide novel insights into IH pathogenesis and be beneficial to the understanding of neovascularization-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Fu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuqing Zou
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Huo,
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8
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Fatima I, Barman S, Uppada J, Chauhan S, Rauth S, Rachagani S, Ponnusamy MP, Smith L, Talmon G, Singh AB, Batra SK, Dhawan P. MASTL regulates EGFR signaling to impact pancreatic cancer progression. Oncogene 2021; 40:5691-5704. [PMID: 34331012 PMCID: PMC8817225 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths primarily due to its inherent potential of therapy resistance. Checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as promising anti-cancer agents when used in combination with conventional anti-cancer therapies. Recent studies have highlighted a critical role of the Greatwall kinase (microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase-like (MASTL)) in promoting oncogenic malignancy and resistance to anti-cancer therapies; however, its role in PC remains unknown. Based on a comprehensive investigation involving PC patient samples, murine models of PC progression (Kras;PdxCre-KC and Kras;p53;PdxCre-KPC), and loss and gain of function studies, we report a previously undescribed critical role of MASTL in promoting cancer malignancy and therapy resistance. Mechanistically, MASTL promotes PC by modulating the epidermal growth factor receptor protein stability and, thereupon, kinase signaling. We further demonstrate that combinatorial therapy targeting MASTL promotes the efficacy of the cell-killing effects of Gemcitabine using both genetic and pharmacological inhibitions. Taken together, this study identifies a key role of MASTL in promoting PC progression and its utility as a novel target in promoting sensitivity to the anti-PC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Susmita Barman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - JayaPrakash Uppada
- College of Community Health Sciences, Alabama Life Research Institute, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Shailender Chauhan
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Cancer Center - UAHS, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sanchita Rauth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Lynette Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey Talmon
- Department of Pathlogy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
- Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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9
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Discovery and Characterization of a Novel MASTL Inhibitor MKI-2 Targeting MASTL-PP2A in Breast Cancer Cells and Oocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070647. [PMID: 34358073 PMCID: PMC8308786 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL) is a promising target for selective anticancer treatment, MASTL inhibitors with nano range potency and antitumor efficacy have not been reported. Here, we report a novel potent and selective MASTL inhibitor MASTL kinase inhibitor-2 (MKI-2) identified in silico through a drug discovery program. Our data showed that MKI-2 inhibited recombinant MASTL activity and cellular MASTL activity with IC50 values of 37.44 nM and 142.7 nM, respectively, in breast cancer cells. In addition, MKI-2 inhibited MASTL kinase rather than other AGC kinases, such as ROCK1, AKT1, PKACα, and p70S6K. Furthermore, MKI-2 exerted various antitumor activities by inducing mitotic catastrophe resulting from the modulation of the MASTL-PP2A axis in breast cancer cells. The MKI-2 treatment showed phenocopies with MASTL-null oocyte in mouse oocytes, which were used as a model to validate MKI-2 activity. Therefore, our study provided a new potent and selective MASTL inhibitor MKI-2 targeting the oncogenic MAST-PP2A axis in breast cancer cells.
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10
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Ordas L, Costa L, Lozano A, Chevillard C, Calovoulos A, Kantar D, Fernandez L, Chauvin L, Dosset P, Doucet C, Heron-Milhavet L, Odintsova E, Berditchevski F, Milhiet PE, Bénistant C. Mechanical Control of Cell Migration by the Metastasis Suppressor Tetraspanin CD82/KAI1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061545. [PMID: 34207462 PMCID: PMC8234748 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a key actor of cell migration. For instance, its tension controls persistent cell migration and cell surface caveolae integrity. Then, caveolae constituents such as caveolin-1 can initiate a mechanotransduction loop that involves actin- and focal adhesion-dependent control of the mechanosensor YAP to finely tune cell migration. Tetraspanin CD82 (also named KAI-1) is an integral membrane protein and a metastasis suppressor. Its expression is lost in many cancers including breast cancer. It is a strong inhibitor of cell migration by a little-known mechanism. We demonstrated here that CD82 controls persistent 2D migration of EGF-induced single cells, stress fibers and focal adhesion sizes and dynamics. Mechanistically, we found that CD82 regulates membrane tension, cell surface caveolae abundance and YAP nuclear translocation in a caveolin-1-dependent manner. Altogether, our data show that CD82 controls 2D cell migration using membrane-driven mechanics involving caveolin and the YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ordas
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Luca Costa
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Anthony Lozano
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University Montpellier, CNRS, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Christopher Chevillard
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Alexia Calovoulos
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Diala Kantar
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194—University Montpellier—Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France; (D.K.); (L.H.-M.)
| | - Laurent Fernandez
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology (IECB), University of Bordeaux, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Lucie Chauvin
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, University Montpellier, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Patrice Dosset
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Christine Doucet
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
| | - Lisa Heron-Milhavet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Inserm U1194—University Montpellier—Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), 34298 Montpellier, France; (D.K.); (L.H.-M.)
| | - Elena Odintsova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Fedor Berditchevski
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (E.O.); (F.B.)
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Milhiet
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.-E.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Christine Bénistant
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, INSERM, University Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (L.O.); (L.C.); (A.L.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (L.F.); (P.D.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: (P.-E.M.); (C.B.)
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11
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An CX, Xie SP, Li HL, Hu YH, Niu R, Zhang LJ, Jiang Y, Li Q, Zhou YN. Knockdown of Microtubule Associated Serine/threonine Kinase Like Expression Inhibits Gastric Cancer Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis by Activation of ERK1/2 and Inactivation of NF-κB Signaling. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:108-117. [PMID: 33582914 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase (MASTL) functions to regulate chromosome condensation and mitotic progression. Therefore, aberrant MASTL expression is commonly implicated in various human cancers. This study analyzed MASTL expression in gastric cancer vs. adjacent normal tissue for elucidating the association with clinicopathological data from patients. This work was then extended to investigate the effects of MASTL knockdown on tumor cells in vitro. The level of MASTL expression in gastric cancer tissue was assessed from the UALCAN, GEPIA, and Oncomine online databases. Lentivirus carrying MASTL or negative control shRNA was infected into gastric cancer cells. RT-qPCR, Western blotting, cell viability, cell counting, flow cytometric apoptosis and cell cycle, and colony formation assays were performed. MASTL was upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared to the adjacent normal tissue, and the MASTL expression was associated with advanced tumor stage, Helicobacter pylori infection and histological subtypes. On the other hand, knockdown of MASTL expression significantly reduced tumor cell viability and proliferation, and arrested cell cycle at G2/M stage but promoted tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. At protein level, knockdown of MASTL expression enhanced levels of cleaved PARP1, cleaved caspase-3, Bax and p-ERK1/2 expression, but downregulated expression levels of BCL-2 and p-NF-κB-p65 protein in AGS and MGC-803 cells. MASTL overexpression in gastric cancer tissue may be associated with gastric cancer development and progression, whereas knockdown of MASTL expression reduces tumor cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Further study will evaluate MASTL as a potential target of gastric cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xia An
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shou-Pin Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Hai-Long Li
- Department of Internal Mddicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yong-Hua Hu
- Department of Internal Mddicine, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rong Niu
- Department of External Chest, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Emergency, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Division of Pediatric Emergency, Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yong-Ning Zhou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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12
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Goguet-Rubio P, Amin P, Awal S, Vigneron S, Charrasse S, Mechali F, Labbé JC, Lorca T, Castro A. PP2A-B55 Holoenzyme Regulation and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111586. [PMID: 33266510 PMCID: PMC7700614 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a post-translational modification essential for the control of the activity of most enzymes in the cell. This protein modification results from a fine-tuned balance between kinases and phosphatases. PP2A is one of the major serine/threonine phosphatases that is involved in the control of a myriad of different signaling cascades. This enzyme, often misregulated in cancer, is considered a tumor suppressor. In this review, we will focus on PP2A-B55, a particular holoenzyme of the family of the PP2A phosphatases whose specific role in cancer development and progression has only recently been highlighted. The discovery of the Greatwall (Gwl)/Arpp19-ENSA cascade, a new pathway specifically controlling PP2A-B55 activity, has been shown to be frequently altered in cancer. Herein, we will review the current knowledge about the mechanisms controlling the formation and the regulation of the activity of this phosphatase and its misregulation in cancer.
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13
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Kim AY, Yoon YN, Leem J, Lee JY, Jung KY, Kang M, Ahn J, Hwang SG, Oh JS, Kim JS. MKI-1, a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of MASTL, Exerts Antitumor and Radiosensitizer Activities Through PP2A Activation in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:571601. [PMID: 33117702 PMCID: PMC7550800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.571601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although MASTL (microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like) is an attractive target for anticancer treatment, MASTL inhibitors with antitumor activity have not yet been reported. In this study, we have presented a novel MASTL inhibitor, MKI-1, identified through in silico screening and in vitro analysis. Our data revealed that MKI-1 exerted antitumor and radiosensitizer activities in in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. The mechanism of action of MKI-1 occurred through an increase in PP2A activity, which subsequently decreased the c-Myc protein content in breast cancer cells. Moreover, the activity of MKI-1 in the regulation of MASTL-PP2A was validated in a mouse oocyte model. Our results have demonstrated a new small-molecule inhibitor of MASTL, MKI-1, which exerts antitumor and radiosensitizer activities through PP2A activation in breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yi Na Yoon
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Leem
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jee-Young Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Minsung Kang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea.,Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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14
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The Greatwall kinase safeguards the genome integrity by affecting the kinome activity in mitosis. Oncogene 2020; 39:6816-6840. [PMID: 32978522 PMCID: PMC7605441 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progression through mitosis is balanced by the timely regulation of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events ensuring the correct segregation of chromosomes before cytokinesis. This balance is regulated by the opposing actions of CDK1 and PP2A, as well as the Greatwall kinase/MASTL. MASTL is commonly overexpressed in cancer, which makes it a potential therapeutic anticancer target. Loss of Mastl induces multiple chromosomal errors that lead to the accumulation of micronuclei and multilobulated cells in mitosis. Our analyses revealed that loss of Mastl leads to chromosome breaks and abnormalities impairing correct segregation. Phospho-proteomic data for Mastl knockout cells revealed alterations in proteins implicated in multiple processes during mitosis including double-strand DNA damage repair. In silico prediction of the kinases with affected activity unveiled NEK2 to be regulated in the absence of Mastl. We uncovered that, RAD51AP1, involved in regulation of homologous recombination, is phosphorylated by NEK2 and CDK1 but also efficiently dephosphorylated by PP2A/B55. Our results suggest that MastlKO disturbs the equilibrium of the mitotic phosphoproteome that leads to the disruption of DNA damage repair and triggers an accumulation of chromosome breaks even in noncancerous cells.
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15
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Fatima I, Singh AB, Dhawan P. MASTL: A novel therapeutic target for Cancer Malignancy. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6322-6329. [PMID: 32692487 PMCID: PMC7476815 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting mitotic kinases is an emerging anticancer approach with promising preclinical outcomes. Microtubule‐associated serine/threonine kinase like (MASTL), also known as Greatwall (Gwl), is an important mitotic kinase that regulates mitotic progression of normal or transformed cells by blocking the activity of tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). MASTL upregulation has now been detected in multiple cancer types and associated with aggressive clinicopathological features. Apart, an aberrant MASTL activity has been implicated in oncogenic transformation through the development of chromosomal instability and alteration of key oncogenic signaling pathways. In this regard, recent publications have revealed potential role of MASTL in the regulation of AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways, which may be independent of its regulation of PP2A‐B55 (PP2A holoenzyme containing a B55‐family regulatory subunit). Taken together, MASTL kinase has emerged as a novel target for cancer therapeutics, and hence development of small molecule inhibitors of MASTL may significantly improve the clinical outcomes of cancer patients. In this article, we review the role of MASTL in cancer progression and the current gaps in this knowledge. We also discuss potential efficacy of MASTL expression for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Fatima
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amar B Singh
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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16
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Kinase-Independent Functions of MASTL in Cancer: A New Perspective on MASTL Targeting. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071624. [PMID: 32640605 PMCID: PMC7407770 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL; Greatwall) is a well-characterized kinase, whose catalytic role has been extensively studied in relation to cell-cycle acceleration. Importantly, MASTL has been implicated to play a substantial role in cancer progression and subsequent studies have shown that MASTL is a significant regulator of the cellular actomyosin cytoskeleton. Several kinases have non-catalytic properties, which are essential or even sufficient for their functions. Likewise, MASTL functions have been attributed both to kinase-dependent phosphorylation of downstream substrates, but also to kinase-independent regulation of the actomyosin contractile machinery. In this review, we aimed to highlight the catalytic and non-catalytic roles of MASTL in proliferation, migration, and invasion. Further, we discussed the implications of this dual role for therapeutic design.
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17
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Taskinen ME, Närvä E, Conway JR, Hinojosa LS, Lilla S, Mai A, De Franceschi N, Elo LL, Grosse R, Zanivan S, Norman JC, Ivaska J. MASTL promotes cell contractility and motility through kinase-independent signaling. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201906204. [PMID: 32311005 PMCID: PMC7265322 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase-like (MASTL) is a mitosis-accelerating kinase with emerging roles in cancer progression. However, possible cell cycle-independent mechanisms behind its oncogenicity remain ambiguous. Here, we identify MASTL as an activator of cell contractility and MRTF-A/SRF (myocardin-related transcription factor A/serum response factor) signaling. Depletion of MASTL increased cell spreading while reducing contractile actin stress fibers in normal and breast cancer cells and strongly impairing breast cancer cell motility and invasion. Transcriptome and proteome profiling revealed MASTL-regulated genes implicated in cell movement and actomyosin contraction, including Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (GEF-H1, ARHGEF2) and MRTF-A target genes tropomyosin 4.2 (TPM4), vinculin (VCL), and nonmuscle myosin IIB (NM-2B, MYH10). Mechanistically, MASTL associated with MRTF-A and increased its nuclear retention and transcriptional activity. Importantly, MASTL kinase activity was not required for regulation of cell spreading or MRTF-A/SRF transcriptional activity. Taken together, we present a previously unknown kinase-independent role for MASTL as a regulator of cell adhesion, contractility, and MRTF-A/SRF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emilia Taskinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Elisa Närvä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - James R.W. Conway
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Soto Hinojosa
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, and Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sergio Lilla
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anja Mai
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Nicola De Franceschi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, and Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jim C. Norman
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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18
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AKT Regulates Mitotic Progression of Mammalian Cells by Phosphorylating MASTL, Leading to Protein Phosphatase 2A Inactivation. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00366-18. [PMID: 32123010 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00366-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase like (MASTL), also known as Greatwall (Gwl) kinase, has an important role in the regulation of mitosis. By inhibiting protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), it plays a crucial role in activating one of the most important mitotic kinases, known as cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). MASTL has been seen to be upregulated in various types of cancers and is also involved in tumor recurrence. It is activated by CDK1 through phosphorylations in the activation/T-loop, but the complete mechanism of its activation is still unclear. Here, we report that AKT phosphorylates MASTL at residue T299, which plays a critical role in its activation. Our results suggest that AKT increases CDK1-mediated phosphorylation and hence the activity of MASTL, which, in turn, promotes mitotic progression through PP2A inhibition. We also show that the oncogenic potential of AKT is augmented by MASTL activation, since AKT-mediated proliferation in colorectal cell lines can be attenuated by inhibiting and/or silencing MASTL. In brief, we report that AKT plays an important role in the progression of mitosis in mammalian cells and that it does so through the phosphorylation and activation of MASTL.
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19
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Hermida D, Mortuza GB, Pedersen AK, Pozdnyakova I, Nguyen TTTN, Maroto M, Williamson M, Ebersole T, Cazzamali G, Rand K, Olsen JV, Malumbres M, Montoya G. Molecular Basis of the Mechanisms Controlling MASTL. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:326-343. [PMID: 31852836 PMCID: PMC7000116 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The human MASTL (Microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like) gene encodes an essential protein in the cell cycle. MASTL is a key factor preventing early dephosphorylation of M-phase targets of Cdk1/CycB. Little is known about the mechanism of MASTL activation and regulation. MASTL contains a non-conserved insertion of 550 residues within its activation loop, splitting the kinase domain, and making it unique. Here, we show that this non-conserved middle region (NCMR) of the protein is crucial for target specificity and activity. We performed a phosphoproteomic assay with different MASTL constructs identifying key phosphorylation sites for its activation and determining whether they arise from autophosphorylation or exogenous kinases, thus generating an activation model. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange data complements this analysis revealing that the C-lobe in full-length MASTL forms a stable structure, whereas the N-lobe is dynamic and the NCMR and C-tail contain few localized regions with higher-order structure. Our results indicate that truncated versions of MASTL conserving a cryptic C-Lobe in the NCMR, display catalytic activity and different targets, thus establishing a possible link with truncated mutations observed in cancer-related databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Hermida
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Structure & Function Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gulnahar B Mortuza
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Structure & Function Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna-Kathrine Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina Pozdnyakova
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Structure & Function Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tam T T N Nguyen
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Maroto
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Williamson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Structure & Function Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tasja Ebersole
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Structure & Function Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Cazzamali
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Structure & Function Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Rand
- Protein Analysis Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Proteomics Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Montoya
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Protein Structure & Function Programme, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Anania MC, Di Marco T, Mazzoni M, Greco A. Targeting Non-Oncogene Addiction: Focus on Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010129. [PMID: 31947935 PMCID: PMC7017043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common malignancy of endocrine organs with an increasing incidence in industrialized countries. The majority of TC are characterized by a good prognosis, even though cases with aggressive forms not cured by standard therapies are also present. Moreover, target therapies have led to low rates of partial response and prompted the emergence of resistance, indicating that new therapies are needed. In this review, we summarize current literature about the non-oncogene addiction (NOA) concept, which indicates that cancer cells, at variance with normal cells, rely on the activity of genes, usually not mutated or aberrantly expressed, essential for coping with the transformed phenotype. We highlight the potential of non-oncogenes as a point of intervention for cancer therapy in general, and present evidence for new putative non-oncogenes that are essential for TC survival and that may constitute attractive new therapeutic targets.
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21
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Crncec A, Hochegger H. Triggering mitosis. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2868-2888. [PMID: 31602636 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Entry into mitosis is triggered by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). This simple reaction rapidly and irreversibly sets the cell up for division. Even though the core step in triggering mitosis is so simple, the regulation of this cellular switch is highly complex, involving a large number of interconnected signalling cascades. We do have a detailed knowledge of most of the components of this network, but only a poor understanding of how they work together to create a precise and robust system that ensures that mitosis is triggered at the right time and in an orderly fashion. In this review, we will give an overview of the literature that describes the Cdk1 activation network and then address questions relating to the systems biology of this switch. How is the timing of the trigger controlled? How is mitosis insulated from interphase? What determines the sequence of events, following the initial trigger of Cdk1 activation? Which elements ensure robustness in the timing and execution of the switch? How has this system been adapted to the high levels of replication stress in cancer cells?
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrijana Crncec
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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22
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Hached K, Goguet P, Charrasse S, Vigneron S, Sacristan MP, Lorca T, Castro A. ENSA and ARPP19 differentially control cell cycle progression and development. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:541-558. [PMID: 30626720 PMCID: PMC6363464 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Greatwall kinase substrates ARPP19 and ENSA have been shown to inhibit PP2A-B55 by an identical mechanism. Hached et al. show that, surprisingly, the ARPP19 and ENSA paralogs display specific functions during mouse embryogenesis and differentially control cell cycle progression. Greatwall (GWL) is an essential kinase that indirectly controls PP2A-B55, the phosphatase counterbalancing cyclin B/CDK1 activity during mitosis. In Xenopus laevis egg extracts, GWL-mediated phosphorylation of overexpressed ARPP19 and ENSA turns them into potent PP2A-B55 inhibitors. It has been shown that the GWL/ENSA/PP2A-B55 axis contributes to the control of DNA replication, but little is known about the role of ARPP19 in cell division. By using conditional knockout mouse models, we investigated the specific roles of ARPP19 and ENSA in cell division. We found that Arpp19, but not Ensa, is essential for mouse embryogenesis. Moreover, Arpp19 ablation dramatically decreased mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) viability by perturbing the temporal pattern of protein dephosphorylation during mitotic progression, possibly by a drop of PP2A-B55 activity inhibition. We show that these alterations are not prevented by ENSA, which is still expressed in Arpp19Δ/Δ MEFs, suggesting that ARPP19 is essential for mitotic division. Strikingly, we demonstrate that unlike ARPP19, ENSA is not required for early embryonic development. Arpp19 knockout did not perturb the S phase, unlike Ensa gene ablation. We conclude that, during mouse embryogenesis, the Arpp19 and Ensa paralog genes display specific functions by differentially controlling cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hached
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Perrine Goguet
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Charrasse
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Suzanne Vigneron
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maria P Sacristan
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Thierry Lorca
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anna Castro
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5237, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Fowle H, Zhao Z, Graña X. PP2A holoenzymes, substrate specificity driving cellular functions and deregulation in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2019; 144:55-93. [PMID: 31349904 PMCID: PMC9994639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PP2A is a highly conserved eukaryotic serine/threonine protein phosphatase of the PPP family of phosphatases with fundamental cellular functions. In cells, PP2A targets specific subcellular locations and substrates by forming heterotrimeric holoenzymes, where a core dimer consisting of scaffold (A) and catalytic (C) subunits complexes with one of many B regulatory subunits. PP2A plays a key role in positively and negatively regulating a myriad of cellular processes, as it targets a very sizable fraction of the cellular substrates phosphorylated on Ser/Thr residues. This review focuses on insights made toward the understanding on how the subunit composition and structure of PP2A holoenzymes mediates substrate specificity, the role of substrate modulation in the signaling of cellular division, growth, and differentiation, and its deregulation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Fowle
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ziran Zhao
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xavier Graña
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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24
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Marzec K, Burgess A. The Oncogenic Functions of MASTL Kinase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:162. [PMID: 30555827 PMCID: PMC6282046 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MASTL kinase is a master regulator of mitosis, essential for ensuring that mitotic substrate phosphorylation is correctly maintained. It achieves this through the phosphorylation of alpha-endosulfine and subsequent inhibition of the tumor suppressor PP2A-B55 phosphatase. In recent years MASTL has also emerged as a novel oncogenic kinase that is upregulated in a number of cancer types, correlating with chromosome instability and poor patient survival. While the chromosome instability is likely directly linked to MASTL's control of mitotic phosphorylation, several new studies indicated that MASTL has additional effects outside of mitosis and beyond regulation of PP2A-B55. These include control of normal DNA replication timing, and regulation of AKT/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin oncogenic kinase signaling. In this review, we will examine the phenotypes and mechanisms for how MASTL, ENSA, and PP2A-B55 deregulation drives tumor progression and metastasis. Finally, we will explore the rationale for the future development of MASTL inhibitors as new cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Marzec
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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25
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Mitosis perturbation by MASTL depletion impairs the viability of thyroid tumor cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:362-372. [PMID: 30445205 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Even if thyroid tumors are generally curable, a fraction will develop resistance to therapy and progress towards undifferentiated forms, whose treatment remains a demanding challenge. To identify potential novel targets for treatment of thyroid cancer, in a previous study using siRNA-mediated functional screening, we identified several genes that are essential for the growth of thyroid tumor, but not normal cells. Among the top-ranking hits, we found microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase-like (MASTL), which is known to play an essential role in mitosis regulation, and is also involved in the DNA damage response. Herein, we examine the effects of MASTL depletion on growth and viability of thyroid tumor cells. MASTL depletion impaired cell proliferation and increased the percentage of cells presenting nuclear anomalies, which are indicative of mitotic catastrophe. Furthermore, MASTL depletion was associated with enhanced DNA damage. All these effects eventually led to cell death, characterized by the presence of apoptotic markers. Moreover, MASTL depletion sensitized thyroid tumor cells to cisplatin. Our results demonstrate that MASTL represents vulnerability for thyroid tumor cells, which could be explored as a therapeutic target for thyroid cancer.
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Abstract
Mitosis is controlled by a subtle balance between kinase and phosphatase activities that involve the master mitotic kinase cyclin-B-Cdk1 and its antagonizing protein phosphatase 2A-B55 (PP2A-B55). Importantly, the Greatwall (Gwl; known as Mastl in mammals, Rim15 in budding yeast and Ppk18 in fission yeast) kinase pathway regulates PP2A-B55 activity by phosphorylating two proteins, cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19 (Arpp19) and α-endosulfine (ENSA). This phosphorylation turns these proteins into potent inhibitors of PP2A-B55, thereby promoting a correct timing and progression of mitosis. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we discuss how Gwl is regulated in space and time, and how the Gwl-Arpp19-ENSA-PP2A-B55 pathway plays an essential role in the control of M and S phases from yeast to human. We also summarize how Gwl modulates oncogenic properties of cells and how nutrient deprivation influences Gwl activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Castro
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Thierry Lorca
- Centre de Recherche de Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS UMR 5237, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, France
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27
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Becerra CC, Mattson AM, Molstad DHH, Lorang IM, Westendorf JJ, Bradley EW. DNA methylation and FoxO3a regulate PHLPP1 expression in chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7470-7478. [PMID: 29775231 PMCID: PMC6150803 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase Phlpp1 is an essential enzyme for proper chondrocyte function. Altered Phlpp1 levels are associated with cancer and degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis. While much is known about the post-transcriptional mechanisms controlling Phlpp1 levels, transcriptional regulation of the Phlpp1 gene locus is underexplored. We previously showed that CpG methylation of the PHLPP1 promoter is lower in osteoarthritic cartilage than in normal cartilage, and indirectly correlates with gene expression. Here we further defined the effects of DNA methylation on PHLPP1 promoter activity in chondrocytes. We cloned a 1791 bp fragment of the PHLPP1 promoter (-1589:+202) and found that the first 500 bp were required for maximal promoter activity. General methylation of CpG sites within this fragment significantly blunts transcriptional activity, whereas site-specific methyltransferases HhaI or HpaII decrease transcriptional activation by approximately 50%. We located putative FoxO consensus sites within the PHLPP1 promoter region. Inhibition of DNA methylation by incorporation of 5-azacytidine increases Phlpp1 mRNA levels, but FoxO inhibition abolishes this induction. To determine which FoxO transcription factor mediates Phlpp1 expression, we performed overexpression and siRNA-mediated knock down experiments. Overexpression of FoxO3a, but not FoxO1, increases Phlpp1 levels. Likewise, siRNAs targeting FoxO3a, but not FoxO1, diminished Phlpp1 levels. Last, FoxO inhibition increases glycosaminoglycan staining of cultured chondrocytes and leads to concomitant increases in FGF18 and HAS2 expression. Together, these data demonstrate that CpG methylation and FoxO3a regulate PHLPP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna M. Mattson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Ian M. Lorang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jennifer J. Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Elizabeth W. Bradley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Uppada SB, Gowrikumar S, Ahmad R, Kumar B, Szeglin B, Chen X, Smith JJ, Batra SK, Singh AB, Dhawan P. MASTL induces Colon Cancer progression and Chemoresistance by promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:111. [PMID: 30068336 PMCID: PMC6090950 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic agents that modulate cell cycle checkpoints and/or tumor-specific pathways have shown immense promise in preclinical and clinical studies aimed at anti-cancer therapy. MASTL (Greatwall in Xenopus and Drosophila), a serine/threonine kinase controls the final G2/M checkpoint and prevents premature entry of cells into mitosis. Recent studies suggest that MASTL expression is highly upregulated in cancer and confers resistance against chemotherapy. However, the role and mechanism/s of MASTL mediated regulation of tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. METHODS We utilized a large patient cohort and mouse models of colon cancer as well as colon cancer cells to determine the role of Mastl and associated mechanism in colon cancer. RESULTS Here, we show that MASTL expression increases in colon cancer across all cancer stages compared with normal colon tissue (P < 0.001). Also, increased levels of MASTL associated with high-risk of the disease and poor prognosis. Further, the shRNA silencing of MASTL expression in colon cancer cells induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and inhibited xenograft-tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic analysis revealed that MASTL expression facilitates colon cancer progression by promoting the β-catenin/Wnt signaling, the key signaling pathway implicated in colon carcinogenesis, and up-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins, Bcl-xL and Survivin. Further studies where colorectal cancer (CRC) cells were subjected to 5-fluorouracil (5FU) treatment revealed a sharp increase in MASTL expression upon chemotherapy, along with increases in Bcl-xL and Survivin expression. Most notably, inhibition of MASTL in these cells induced chemosensitivity to 5FU with downregulation of Survivin and Bcl-xL expression. CONCLUSION Overall, our data shed light on the heretofore-undescribed mechanistic role of MASTL in key oncogenic signaling pathway/s to regulate colon cancer progression and chemo-resistance that would tremendously help to overcome drug resistance in colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijayaprakash Babu Uppada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68022 USA
| | - Saiprasad Gowrikumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68022 USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68022 USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68022 USA
| | - Bryan Szeglin
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program at MSKCC, New York, NY USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL USA
| | - J. Joshua Smith
- Department of Surgery, Colorectal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program at MSKCC, New York, NY USA
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68022 USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68022 USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68022 USA
- Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE USA
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Yoon YN, Choe MH, Jung KY, Hwang SG, Oh JS, Kim JS. MASTL inhibition promotes mitotic catastrophe through PP2A activation to inhibit cancer growth and radioresistance in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:716. [PMID: 29976159 PMCID: PMC6034325 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although MASTL (microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like) is a key mitotic kinase that regulates mitotic progression through the inactivation of tumor suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the antitumor mechanism of MASTL targeting in cancer cells is still unclear. METHODS MASTL expression was evaluated by using breast cancer tissue microarrays and public cancer databases. The effects of MASTL depletion with siRNAs were evaluated in various breast cancer cells or normal cells. Various methods, including cell viability, cell cycle, soft agar, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, PP2A activity, live image, and sphere forming assay, were used in this study. RESULTS This study showed the oncosuppressive mechanism of MASTL targeting that promotes mitotic catastrophe through PP2A activation selectively in breast cancer cells. MASTL expression was closely associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in breast cancer. The depletion of MASTL reduced the oncogenic properties of breast cancer cells with high MASTL expression, but did not affect the viability of non-transformed normal cells with low MASTL expression. With regard to the underlying mechanism, we found that MASTL inhibition caused mitotic catastrophe through PP2A activation in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, MASTL depletion enhanced the radiosensitivity of breast cancer cells with increased PP2A activity. Notably, MASTL depletion dramatically reduced the formation of radioresistant breast cancer stem cells in response to irradiation. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that MASTL inhibition promoted mitotic catastrophe through PP2A activation, which led to the inhibition of cancer cell growth and a reversal of radioresistance in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Na Yoon
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706 South Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Ho Choe
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706 South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Jung
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706 South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706 South Korea
- Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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30
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MASTL overexpression promotes chromosome instability and metastasis in breast cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:4518-4533. [PMID: 29743597 PMCID: PMC6095835 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MASTL kinase is essential for correct progression through mitosis, with loss of MASTL causing chromosome segregation errors, mitotic collapse and failure of cytokinesis. However, in cancer MASTL is most commonly amplified and overexpressed. This correlates with increased chromosome instability in breast cancer and poor patient survival in breast, ovarian and lung cancer. Global phosphoproteomic analysis of immortalised breast MCF10A cells engineered to overexpressed MASTL revealed disruption to desmosomes, actin cytoskeleton, PI3K/AKT/mTOR and p38 stress kinase signalling pathways. Notably, these pathways were also disrupted in patient samples that overexpress MASTL. In MCF10A cells, these alterations corresponded with a loss of contact inhibition and partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which disrupted migration and allowed cells to proliferate uncontrollably in 3D culture. Furthermore, MASTL overexpression increased aberrant mitotic divisions resulting in increased micronuclei formation. Mathematical modelling indicated that this delay was due to continued inhibition of PP2A-B55, which delayed timely mitotic exit. This corresponded with an increase in DNA damage and delayed transit through interphase. There were no significant alterations to replication kinetics upon MASTL overexpression, however, inhibition of p38 kinase rescued the interphase delay, suggesting the delay was a G2 DNA damage checkpoint response. Importantly, knockdown of MASTL, reduced cell proliferation, prevented invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, indicating the potential of future therapies that target MASTL. Taken together, these results suggest that MASTL overexpression contributes to chromosome instability and metastasis, thereby decreasing breast cancer patient survival.
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31
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Álvarez-Fernández M, Sanz-Flores M, Sanz-Castillo B, Salazar-Roa M, Partida D, Zapatero-Solana E, Ali HR, Manchado E, Lowe S, VanArsdale T, Shields D, Caldas C, Quintela-Fandino M, Malumbres M. Therapeutic relevance of the PP2A-B55 inhibitory kinase MASTL/Greatwall in breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:828-840. [PMID: 29229993 PMCID: PMC5943447 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PP2A is a major tumor suppressor whose inactivation is frequently found in a wide spectrum of human tumors. In particular, deletion or epigenetic silencing of genes encoding the B55 family of PP2A regulatory subunits is a common feature of breast cancer cells. A key player in the regulation of PP2A/B55 phosphatase complexes is the cell cycle kinase MASTL (also known as Greatwall). During cell division, inhibition of PP2A-B55 by MASTL is required to maintain the mitotic state, whereas inactivation of MASTL and PP2A reactivation is required for mitotic exit. Despite its critical role in cell cycle progression in multiple organisms, its relevance as a therapeutic target in human cancer and its dependence of PP2A activity is mostly unknown. Here we show that MASTL overexpression predicts poor survival and shows prognostic value in breast cancer patients. MASTL knockdown or knockout using RNA interference or CRISPR/Cas9 systems impairs proliferation of a subset of breast cancer cells. The proliferative function of MASTL in these tumor cells requires its kinase activity and the presence of PP2A-B55 complexes. By using a new inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system in breast cancer cells, we show that genetic ablation of MASTL displays a significant therapeutic effect in vivo. All together, these data suggest that the PP2A inhibitory kinase MASTL may have both prognostic and therapeutic value in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Sanz-Flores
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Sanz-Castillo
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Salazar-Roa
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Partida
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - H Raza Ali
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Scott Lowe
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Todd VanArsdale
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., New York, USA
| | - David Shields
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pfizer Inc., New York, USA
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.
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Charrasse S, Gharbi-Ayachi A, Burgess A, Vera J, Hached K, Raynaud P, Schwob E, Lorca T, Castro A. Ensa controls S-phase length by modulating Treslin levels. Nat Commun 2017; 8:206. [PMID: 28785014 PMCID: PMC5547116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Greatwall/Ensa/PP2A-B55 pathway is essential for controlling mitotic substrate phosphorylation and mitotic entry. Here, we investigate the effect of the knockdown of the Gwl substrate, Ensa, in human cells. Unexpectedly, Ensa knockdown promotes a dramatic extension of S phase associated with a lowered density of replication forks. Notably, Ensa depletion results in a decrease of Treslin levels, a pivotal protein for the firing of replication origins. Accordingly, the extended S phase in Ensa-depleted cells is completely rescued by the overexpression of Treslin. Our data herein reveal a new mechanism by which normal cells regulate S-phase duration by controlling the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of Treslin in a Gwl/Ensa-dependent pathway. The Greatwall/Ensa/PP2A-B55 pathway controls mitotic substrate phosphorylation and mitotic entry. Here the authors show that cells regulate S phase duration by controlling the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of Treslin in a Gwl/Ensa-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Charrasse
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Aicha Gharbi-Ayachi
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Andrew Burgess
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Jorge Vera
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Khaled Hached
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Peggy Raynaud
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Etienne Schwob
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, CNRS UMR 5535, University of Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Lorca
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
| | - Anna Castro
- Université de Montpellier, Centre de Recherche de Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier, Equipe Labellisée 'Ligue Contre le Cancer', CNRS UMR 5237, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Pérez-Hidalgo L, Moreno S. Coupling TOR to the Cell Cycle by the Greatwall-Endosulfine-PP2A-B55 Pathway. Biomolecules 2017; 7:biom7030059. [PMID: 28777780 PMCID: PMC5618240 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell growth and division are two processes tightly coupled in proliferating cells. While Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is the master regulator of growth, the cell cycle is dictated by the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). A long-standing question in cell biology is how these processes may be connected. Recent work has highlighted that regulating the phosphatases that revert CDK phosphorylations is as important as regulating the CDKs for cell cycle progression. At mitosis, maintaining a low level of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)-B55 activity is essential for CDK substrates to achieve the correct level of phosphorylation. The conserved Greatwall–Endosulfine pathway has been shown to be required for PP2A-B55 inhibition at mitosis in yeasts and multicellular organisms. Interestingly, in yeasts, the Greatwall–Endosulfine pathway is negatively regulated by TOR Complex 1 (TORC1). Moreover, Greatwall–Endosulfine activation upon TORC1 inhibition has been shown to regulate the progression of the cell cycle at different points: the G1 phase in budding yeast, the G2/M transition and the differentiation response in fission yeast, and the entry into quiescence in both budding and fission yeasts. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how the Greatwall–Endosulfine pathway may provide a connection between cell growth and the cell cycle machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Pérez-Hidalgo
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), CSIC/University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Sergio Moreno
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), CSIC/University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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PHLPPing through history: a decade in the life of PHLPP phosphatases. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 44:1675-1682. [PMID: 27913677 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the decade since their discovery, the PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPP) have emerged as critical regulators of cellular homeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with various pathophysiologies, ranging from cancer to degenerative diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. The two PHLPP isozymes, PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, were identified in a search for phosphatases that dephosphorylate Akt, and thus suppress growth factor signaling. However, given that there are over 200 000 phosphorylated residues in a single cell, and fewer than 50 Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, it is not surprising that PHLPP has many other cellular functions yet to be discovered, including a recently identified role in regulating the epigenome. Both PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 are commonly deleted in human cancers, supporting a tumor suppressive role. Conversely, the levels of one isozyme, PHLPP1, are elevated in diabetes. Thus, mechanisms to correctly control PHLPP activity in cells are critical for normal cellular homeostasis. This review summarizes the known functions of PHLPP and its role in disease.
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Talarek N, Gueydon E, Schwob E. Homeostatic control of START through negative feedback between Cln3-Cdk1 and Rim15/Greatwall kinase in budding yeast. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28600888 PMCID: PMC5484617 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How cells coordinate growth and division is key for size homeostasis. Phosphorylation by G1-CDK of Whi5/Rb inhibitors of SBF/E2F transcription factors triggers irreversible S-phase entry in yeast and metazoans, but why this occurs at a given cell size is not fully understood. We show that the yeast Rim15-Igo1,2 pathway, orthologous to Gwl-Arpp19/ENSA, is up-regulated in early G1 and helps promoting START by preventing PP2ACdc55 to dephosphorylate Whi5. RIM15 overexpression lowers cell size while IGO1,2 deletion delays START in cells with low CDK activity. Deletion of WHI5, CDC55 and ectopic CLN2 expression suppress the START delay of igo1,2∆ cells. Rim15 activity increases after cells switch from fermentation to respiration, where Igo1,2 contribute to chromosome maintenance. Interestingly Cln3-Cdk1 also inhibits Rim15 activity, which enables homeostatic control of Whi5 phosphorylation and cell cycle entry. We propose that Rim15/Gwl regulation of PP2A plays a hitherto unappreciated role in cell size homeostasis during metabolic rewiring of the cell cycle. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26233.001
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Etienne Schwob
- IGMM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Ren D, Fisher LA, Zhao J, Wang L, Williams BC, Goldberg ML, Peng A. Cell cycle-dependent regulation of Greatwall kinase by protein phosphatase 1 and regulatory subunit 3B. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10026-10034. [PMID: 28446604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.778233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Greatwall (Gwl) kinase plays an essential role in the regulation of mitotic entry and progression. Mitotic activation of Gwl requires both cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1)-dependent phosphorylation and its autophosphorylation at an evolutionarily conserved serine residue near the carboxyl terminus (Ser-883 in Xenopus). In this study we show that Gwl associates with protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), particularly PP1γ, which mediates the dephosphorylation of Gwl Ser-883. Consistent with the mitotic activation of Gwl, its association with PP1 is disrupted in mitotic cells and egg extracts. During mitotic exit, PP1-dependent dephosphorylation of Gwl Ser-883 occurs prior to dephosphorylation of other mitotic substrates; replacing endogenous Gwl with a phosphomimetic S883E mutant blocks mitotic exit. Moreover, we identified PP1 regulatory subunit 3B (PPP1R3B) as a targeting subunit that can direct PP1 activity toward Gwl. PPP1R3B bridges PP1 and Gwl association and promotes Gwl Ser-883 dephosphorylation. Consistent with the cell cycle-dependent association of Gwl and PP1, Gwl and PPP1R3B dissociate in M phase. Interestingly, up-regulation of PPP1R3B facilitates mitotic exit and blocks mitotic entry. Thus, our study suggests PPP1R3B as a new cell cycle regulator that functions by governing Gwl dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Ren
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 and
| | - Laura A Fisher
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 and
| | - Jing Zhao
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 and
| | - Ling Wang
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 and
| | - Byron C Williams
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Michael L Goldberg
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Aimin Peng
- From the Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 and
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Martín R, Portantier M, Chica N, Nyquist-Andersen M, Mata J, Lopez-Aviles S. A PP2A-B55-Mediated Crosstalk between TORC1 and TORC2 Regulates the Differentiation Response in Fission Yeast. Curr Biol 2016; 27:175-188. [PMID: 28041796 PMCID: PMC5266790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular cues regulate cell fate, and this is mainly achieved through the engagement of specific transcriptional programs. The TORC1 and TORC2 complexes mediate the integration of nutritional cues to cellular behavior, but their interplay is poorly understood. Here, we use fission yeast to investigate how phosphatase activity participates in this interplay during the switch from proliferation to sexual differentiation. We find that loss of PP2A-B55Pab1 enhances the expression of differentiation-specific genes and leads to premature conjugation. pab1 deletion brings about a transcriptional profile similar to TORC1 inactivation, and deletion of pab1 overcomes the repression of differentiation genes in cells overexpressing TORC1. Importantly, we show that this effect is mediated by an increased TORC2-AKT (Gad8) signaling. Under nutrient-rich conditions, PP2A-B55Pab1 dephosphorylates Gad8 Ser546, repressing its activity. Conversely, TORC1 inactivation upon starvation leads to the inactivation of PP2A-B55Pab1 through the Greatwall-Endosulfin pathway. This results in the activation of Gad8 and the commitment to differentiation. Thus, PP2A-B55Pab1 enables a crosstalk between the two TOR complexes that controls cell-fate decisions in response to nutrient availability. PP2A-B55Pab1 regulates the differentiation response of fission yeast cells PP2A-B55Pab1 enables a crosstalk between TORC1 and TORC2 TORC1 favors PP2A-B55Pab1 activity to prevent the hyperphosphorylation of Gad8 TORC1 inactivation leads to PP2A-B55Pab1 inhibition, activation of Gad8, and differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Martín
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway
| | - Marina Portantier
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway
| | - Nathalia Chica
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway
| | - Mari Nyquist-Andersen
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway
| | - Juan Mata
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Building O, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Sandra Lopez-Aviles
- The Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Oslo 0349, Norway.
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Ocasio CA, Rajasekaran MB, Walker S, Le Grand D, Spencer J, Pearl FM, Ward SE, Savic V, Pearl LH, Hochegger H, Oliver AW. A first generation inhibitor of human Greatwall kinase, enabled by structural and functional characterisation of a minimal kinase domain construct. Oncotarget 2016; 7:71182-71197. [PMID: 27563826 PMCID: PMC5342071 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MASTL (microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like), more commonly known as Greatwall (GWL), has been proposed as a novel cancer therapy target. GWL plays a crucial role in mitotic progression, via its known substrates ENSA/ARPP19, which when phosphorylated inactivate PP2A/B55 phosphatase. When over-expressed in breast cancer, GWL induces oncogenic properties such as transformation and invasiveness. Conversely, down-regulation of GWL selectively sensitises tumour cells to chemotherapy. Here we describe the first structure of the GWL minimal kinase domain and development of a small-molecule inhibitor GKI-1 (Greatwall Kinase Inhibitor-1). In vitro, GKI-1 inhibits full-length human GWL, and shows cellular efficacy. Treatment of HeLa cells with GKI-1 reduces ENSA/ARPP19 phosphorylation levels, such that they are comparable to those obtained by siRNA depletion of GWL; resulting in a decrease in mitotic events, mitotic arrest/cell death and cytokinesis failure. Furthermore, GKI-1 will be a useful starting point for the development of more potent and selective GWL inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory A. Ocasio
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Mohan B. Rajasekaran
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Sarah Walker
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Darren Le Grand
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - John Spencer
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Simon E. Ward
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Velibor Savic
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Laurence H. Pearl
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Helfrid Hochegger
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Antony W. Oliver
- Cancer Research UK DNA Repair Enzymes Group, Genome Damage and Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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Rogers S, Fey D, McCloy RA, Parker BL, Mitchell NJ, Payne RJ, Daly RJ, James DE, Caldon CE, Watkins DN, Croucher DR, Burgess A. PP1 initiates the dephosphorylation of MASTL, triggering mitotic exit and bistability in human cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1340-54. [PMID: 26872783 PMCID: PMC4852720 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Entry into mitosis is driven by the phosphorylation of thousands of substrates, under the master control of Cdk1. During entry into mitosis, Cdk1, in collaboration with MASTL kinase, represses the activity of the major mitotic protein phosphatases, PP1 and PP2A, thereby ensuring mitotic substrates remain phosphorylated. For cells to complete and exit mitosis, these phosphorylation events must be removed, and hence, phosphatase activity must be reactivated. This reactivation of phosphatase activity presumably requires the inhibition of MASTL; however, it is not currently understood what deactivates MASTL and how this is achieved. In this study, we identified that PP1 is associated with, and capable of partially dephosphorylating and deactivating, MASTL during mitotic exit. Using mathematical modelling, we were able to confirm that deactivation of MASTL is essential for mitotic exit. Furthermore, small decreases in Cdk1 activity during metaphase are sufficient to initiate the reactivation of PP1, which in turn partially deactivates MASTL to release inhibition of PP2A and, hence, create a feedback loop. This feedback loop drives complete deactivation of MASTL, ensuring a strong switch-like activation of phosphatase activity during mitotic exit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rogers
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rachael A McCloy
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Payne
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David E James
- The Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst 2010, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Neil Watkins
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst 2010, New South Wales, Australia Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst 2010, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Burgess
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Darlinghurst 2010, New South Wales, Australia
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