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Qi J, Li Q, Xin T, Lu Q, Lin J, Zhang Y, Luo H, Zhang F, Xing Y, Wang W, Cui D, Wang M. MCOLN1/TRPML1 in the lysosome: a promising target for autophagy modulation in diverse diseases. Autophagy 2024; 20:1712-1722. [PMID: 38522082 PMCID: PMC11262240 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2333715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
MCOLN1/TRPML1 is a nonselective cationic channel specifically localized to the late endosome and lysosome. With its property of mediating the release of several divalent cations such as Ca2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ from the lysosome to the cytosol, MCOLN1 plays a pivotal role in regulating a variety of cellular events including endocytosis, exocytosis, lysosomal biogenesis, lysosome reformation, and especially in Macroautophagy/autophagy. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that maintains cytoplasmic integrity by removing superfluous proteins and damaged organelles. Acting as the terminal compartments, lysosomes are crucial for the completion of the autophagy process. This review delves into the emerging role of MCOLN1 in controlling the autophagic process by regulating lysosomal ionic homeostasis, thereby governing the fundamental functions of lysosomes. Furthermore, this review summarizes the physiological relevance as well as molecular mechanisms through which MCOLN1 orchestrates autophagy, consequently influencing mitochondria turnover, cell apoptosis and migration. In addition, we have illustrated the implications of MCOLN1-regulated autophagy in the pathological process of cancer and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In summary, given the involvement of MCOLN1-mediated autophagy in the pathogenesis of cancer and myocardial I/R injury, targeting MCOLN1 May provide clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. Exploring the regulation of MCOLN1-mediated autophagy in diverse diseases contexts will surely broaden our understanding of this pathway and offer its potential as a promising drug target.Abbreviation: CCCP:carbonyl cyanide3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CQ:chloroquine; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine;I/R: ischemia-reperfusion; MAP1LC3/LC3:microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCOLN1/TRPML1:mucolipin TRP cation channel 1; MLIV: mucolipidosis type IV; MTORC1:MTOR complex 1; ROS: reactive oxygenspecies; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianli Xin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiting Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Xing
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Derong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China of Medical University, Shenyang, LiaoningChina
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Kang H, Choi SW, Kim JY, Oh SJ, Kim SJ, Lee MS. ER-to-lysosome Ca 2+ refilling followed by K + efflux-coupled store-operated Ca 2+ entry in inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation. eLife 2024; 12:RP87561. [PMID: 38953285 PMCID: PMC11219040 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We studied lysosomal Ca2+ in inflammasome. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + palmitic acid (PA) decreased lysosomal Ca2+ ([Ca2+]Lys) and increased [Ca2+]i through mitochondrial ROS, which was suppressed in Trpm2-KO macrophages. Inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation in adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were ameliorated by Trpm2 KO. ER→lysosome Ca2+ refilling occurred after lysosomal Ca2+ release whose blockade attenuated LPS + PA-induced inflammasome. Subsequently, store-operated Ca2+entry (SOCE) was activated whose inhibition suppressed inflammasome. SOCE was coupled with K+ efflux whose inhibition reduced ER Ca2+ content ([Ca2+]ER) and impaired [Ca2+]Lys recovery. LPS + PA activated KCa3.1 channel, a Ca2+-activated K+ channel. Inhibitors of KCa3.1 channel or Kcnn4 KO reduced [Ca2+]ER, attenuated increase of [Ca2+]i or inflammasome activation by LPS + PA, and ameliorated HFD-induced inflammasome or metabolic inflammation. Lysosomal Ca2+ release induced delayed JNK and ASC phosphorylation through CAMKII-ASK1. These results suggest a novel role of lysosomal Ca2+ release sustained by ER→lysosome Ca2+ refilling and K+ efflux through KCa3.1 channel in inflammasome activation and metabolic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyereen Kang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology and Ion Channel Disease Research Center, Dongguk University College of MedicineGyeongjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of MedicineCheonanRepublic of Korea
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3
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Hu M, Feng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Huang F, Xu H. The ion channels of endomembranes. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1335-1385. [PMID: 38451235 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00025.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of organellar membranes in the biosynthetic pathway [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, and secretory vesicles] as well as those in the degradative pathway (early endosomes, macropinosomes, phagosomes, autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes). These endomembrane organelles/vesicles work together to synthesize, modify, package, transport, and degrade proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, regulating the balance between cellular anabolism and catabolism. Large ion concentration gradients exist across endomembranes: Ca2+ gradients for most endomembrane organelles and H+ gradients for the acidic compartments. Ion (Na+, K+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl-) channels on the organellar membranes control ion flux in response to cellular cues, allowing rapid informational exchange between the cytosol and organelle lumen. Recent advances in organelle proteomics, organellar electrophysiology, and luminal and juxtaorganellar ion imaging have led to molecular identification and functional characterization of about two dozen endomembrane ion channels. For example, whereas IP3R1-3 channels mediate Ca2+ release from the ER in response to neurotransmitter and hormone stimulation, TRPML1-3 and TMEM175 channels mediate lysosomal Ca2+ and H+ release, respectively, in response to nutritional and trafficking cues. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of these endomembrane channels, with a focus on their subcellular localizations, ion permeation properties, gating mechanisms, cell biological functions, and disease relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghua Feng
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Liu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Neurology and Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Liangzhu Laboratory and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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Bretou M, Sannerud R, Escamilla-Ayala A, Leroy T, Vrancx C, Van Acker ZP, Perdok A, Vermeire W, Vorsters I, Van Keymolen S, Maxson M, Pavie B, Wierda K, Eskelinen EL, Annaert W. Accumulation of APP C-terminal fragments causes endolysosomal dysfunction through the dysregulation of late endosome to lysosome-ER contact sites. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1571-1592.e9. [PMID: 38626765 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal endosomal and lysosomal abnormalities are among the early changes observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) before plaques appear. However, it is unclear whether distinct endolysosomal defects are temporally organized and how altered γ-secretase function or amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism contribute to these changes. Inhibiting γ-secretase chronically, in mouse embryonic fibroblast and hippocampal neurons, led to a gradual endolysosomal collapse initiated by decreased lysosomal calcium and increased cholesterol, causing downstream defects in endosomal recycling and maturation. This endolysosomal demise is γ-secretase dependent, requires membrane-tethered APP cytoplasmic domains, and is rescued by APP depletion. APP C-terminal fragments (CTFs) localized to late endosome/lysosome-endoplasmic reticulum contacts; an excess of APP-CTFs herein reduced lysosomal Ca2+ refilling from the endoplasmic reticulum, promoting cholesterol accretion. Tonic regulation by APP-CTFs provides a mechanistic explanation for their cellular toxicity: failure to timely degrade APP-CTFs sustains downstream signaling, instigating lysosomal dyshomeostasis, as observed in prodromal AD. This is the opposite of substrates such as Notch, which require intramembrane proteolysis to initiate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bretou
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Leroy
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anika Perdok
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Vermeire
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Vorsters
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Keymolen
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Maxson
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- VIB-BioImaging Core, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- Electrophysiology Expertise Unit, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Cen J, Hu N, Shen J, Gao Y, Lu H. Pathological Functions of Lysosomal Ion Channels in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6565. [PMID: 38928271 PMCID: PMC11203704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are highly dynamic organelles that maintain cellular homeostasis and regulate fundamental cellular processes by integrating multiple metabolic pathways. Lysosomal ion channels such as TRPML1-3, TPC1/2, ClC6/7, CLN7, and TMEM175 mediate the flux of Ca2+, Cl-, Na+, H+, and K+ across lysosomal membranes in response to osmotic stimulus, nutrient-dependent signals, and cellular stresses. These ion channels serve as the crucial transducers of cell signals and are essential for the regulation of lysosomal biogenesis, motility, membrane contact site formation, and lysosomal homeostasis. In terms of pathophysiology, genetic variations in these channel genes have been associated with the development of lysosomal storage diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, and cancer. This review aims to discuss the current understanding of the role of these ion channels in the central nervous system and to assess their potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yongjing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.C.); (N.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Huanjun Lu
- Institute of Pain Medicine and Special Environmental Medicine, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (J.C.); (N.H.); (J.S.)
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Chen W, Motsinger MM, Li J, Bohannon KP, Hanson PI. Ca 2+-sensor ALG-2 engages ESCRTs to enhance lysosomal membrane resilience to osmotic stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318412121. [PMID: 38781205 PMCID: PMC11145288 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318412121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are central players in cellular catabolism, signaling, and metabolic regulation. Cellular and environmental stresses that damage lysosomal membranes can compromise their function and release toxic content into the cytoplasm. Here, we examine how cells respond to osmotic stress within lysosomes. Using sensitive assays of lysosomal leakage and rupture, we examine acute effects of the osmotic disruptant glycyl-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide (GPN). Our findings reveal that low concentrations of GPN rupture a small fraction of lysosomes, but surprisingly trigger Ca2+ release from nearly all. Chelating cytoplasmic Ca2+ makes lysosomes more sensitive to GPN-induced rupture, suggesting a role for Ca2+ in lysosomal membrane resilience. GPN-elicited Ca2+ release causes the Ca2+-sensor Apoptosis Linked Gene-2 (ALG-2), along with Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) proteins it interacts with, to redistribute onto lysosomes. Functionally, ALG-2, but not its ESCRT binding-disabled ΔGF122 splice variant, increases lysosomal resilience to osmotic stress. Importantly, elevating juxta-lysosomal Ca2+ without membrane damage by activating TRPML1 also recruits ALG-2 and ESCRTs, protecting lysosomes from subsequent osmotic rupture. These findings reveal that Ca2+, through ALG-2, helps bring ESCRTs to lysosomes to enhance their resilience and maintain organelle integrity in the face of osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Madeline M. Motsinger
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Kevin P. Bohannon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Phyllis I. Hanson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI48109
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Wang X, Wang WX. Tracking the Cellular Degradation of Silver Nanoparticles: Development of a Generic Kinetic Model. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13308-13321. [PMID: 38716827 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the degradation of nanoparticles (NPs) after crossing the cell plasma membrane is crucial in drug delivery designs and cytotoxicity assessment. However, the key factors controlling the degradable kinetics remain unclear due to the absence of a quantification model. In this study, subcellular imaging of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was used to determine the intracellular transfer of AgNPs, and single particle ICP-MS was utilized to track the degradation process. A cellular kinetic model was subsequently developed to describe the uptake, transfer, and degradation behaviors of AgNPs. Our model demonstrated that the intracellular degradation efficiency of AgNPs was much higher than that determined by mimicking testing, and the degradation of NPs was highly influenced by cellular factors. Specifically, deficiencies in Ca or Zn primarily decreased the kinetic dissolution of NPs, while a Ca deficiency also resulted in the retardation of NP transfer. The biological significance of these kinetic parameters was strongly revealed. Our model indicated that the majority of internalized AgNPs dissolved, with the resulting ions being rapidly depurated. The release of Ag ions was largely dependent on the microvesicle-mediated route. By changing the coating and size of AgNPs, the model results suggested that size influenced the transfer of NPs into the degradation process, whereas coating affected the degradation kinetics. Overall, our developed model provides a valuable tool for understanding and predicting the impacts of the physicochemical properties of NPs and the ambient environment on nanotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Chen W, Motsinger MM, Li J, Bohannon KP, Hanson PI. Ca 2+ -sensor ALG-2 engages ESCRTs to enhance lysosomal membrane resilience to osmotic stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.04.578682. [PMID: 38352356 PMCID: PMC10862787 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.04.578682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are central players in cellular catabolism, signaling, and metabolic regulation. Cellular and environmental stresses that damage lysosomal membranes can compromise their function and release toxic content into the cytoplasm. Here, we examine how cells respond to osmotic stress within lysosomes. Using sensitive assays of lysosomal leakage and rupture, we examine acute effects of the cathepsin C-metabolized osmotic disruptant glycyl-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide (GPN). Our findings reveal that widely used concentrations of GPN rupture only a small fraction of lysosomes, but surprisingly trigger Ca 2+ release from nearly all. Chelating cytoplasmic Ca 2+ using BAPTA makes lysosomes more likely to rupture under GPN-induced stress, suggesting that Ca 2+ plays a role in protecting or rapidly repairing lysosomal membranes. Mechanistically, we establish that GPN causes the Ca 2+ -sensitive protein Apoptosis Linked Gene-2 (ALG-2) and interacting ESCRT proteins to redistribute onto lysosomes, improving their resistance to membrane stress created by GPN as well as the lysosomotropic drug chlorpromazine. Furthermore, we show that activating the cation channel TRPML1, with or without blocking the endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ pump, creates local Ca 2+ signals that protect lysosomes from rupture by recruiting ALG-2 and ESCRTs without any membrane damage. These findings reveal that Ca 2+ , through ALG-2, helps bring ESCRTs to lysosomes to enhance their resilience and maintain organelle integrity in the face of osmotic stress. SIGNIFICANCE As the degradative hub of the cell, lysosomes are full of toxic content that can spill into the cytoplasm. There has been much recent interest in how cells sense and repair lysosomal membrane damage using ESCRTs and cholesterol to rapidly fix "nanoscale damage". Here, we extend understanding of how ESCRTs contribute by uncovering a preventative role of the ESCRT machinery. We show that ESCRTs, when recruited by the Ca 2+ -sensor ALG-2, play a critical role in stabilizing the lysosomal membrane against osmotically-induced rupture. This finding suggests that cells have mechanisms not just for repairing but also for actively protecting lysosomes from stress-induced membrane damage.
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Nguyen HT, Wiederkehr A, Wollheim CB, Park KS. Regulation of autophagy by perilysosomal calcium: a new player in β-cell lipotoxicity. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:273-288. [PMID: 38297165 PMCID: PMC10907728 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential quality control mechanism for maintaining organellar functions in eukaryotic cells. Defective autophagy in pancreatic beta cells has been shown to be involved in the progression of diabetes through impaired insulin secretion under glucolipotoxic stress. The underlying mechanism reveals the pathologic role of the hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which inhibits lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic processes. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress induces Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosolic Ca2+ overload, which may contribute to mTOR activation in perilysosomal microdomains, leading to autophagic defects and β-cell failure due to lipotoxicity. This review delineates the antagonistic regulation of autophagic flux by mTOR and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) at the lysosomal membrane, and both of these molecules could be activated by perilysosomal calcium signaling. However, aberrant and persistent Ca2+ elevation upon lipotoxic stress increases mTOR activity and suppresses autophagy. Therefore, normalization of autophagy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with β-cell failure and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thu Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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10
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Chen JH, Xu N, Qi L, Yan HH, Wan FY, Gao F, Fu C, Cang C, Lu B, Bi GQ, Tang AH. Reduced lysosomal density in neuronal dendrites mediates deficits in synaptic plasticity in Huntington's disease. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113573. [PMID: 38096054 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) usually causes cognitive disorders, including learning difficulties, that emerge before motor symptoms. Mutations related to lysosomal trafficking are linked to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, whereas the cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we discover a reduction in the dendritic density of lysosomes in the hippocampus that correlates with deficits in synaptic plasticity and spatial learning in early CAG-140 HD model mice. We directly manipulate intraneuronal lysosomal positioning with light-induced CRY2:CIB1 dimerization and demonstrate that lysosomal abundance in dendrites positively modulates long-term potentiation of glutamatergic synapses onto the neuron. This modulation depends on lysosomal Ca2+ release, which further promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) entry into spines. Importantly, optogenetically restoring lysosomal density in dendrites rescues the synaptic plasticity deficit in hippocampal slices of CAG-140 mice. Our data reveal dendritic lysosomal density as a modulator of synaptic plasticity and suggest a role of lysosomal mispositioning in cognitive decline in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Lei Qi
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hao-Hao Yan
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Fang-Yan Wan
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuanhai Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Chunlei Cang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Huashan Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Bi
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China; Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ai-Hui Tang
- Department of Neurology and Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230088, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, MOE Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center and Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
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11
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Yang C, Tian F, Hu M, Kang C, Ping M, Liu Y, Hu M, Xu H, Yu Y, Gao Z, Li P. Characterization of the role of TMEM175 in an in vitro lysosomal H + fluxes model. FEBS J 2023; 290:4641-4659. [PMID: 37165739 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome acidification is a dynamic equilibrium of H+ influx and efflux across the membrane, which is crucial for cell physiology. The vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase) is responsible for the H+ influx or refilling of lysosomes. TMEM175 was identified as a novel H+ permeable channel on lysosomal membranes, and it plays a critical role in lysosome acidification. However, how TMEM175 participates in lysosomal acidification remains unknown. Here, we present evidence that TMEM175 regulates lysosomal H+ influx and efflux in enlarged lysosomes isolated from COS1 treated with vacuolin-1. By utilizing the whole-endolysosome patch-clamp recording technique, a series of integrated lysosomal H+ influx and efflux signals in a ten-of-second time scale under the physiological pH gradient (luminal pH 4.60, and cytosolic pH 7.20) was recorded from this in vitro system. Lysosomal H+ fluxes constitute both the lysosomal H+ refilling and releasing, and they are asymmetrical processes with distinct featured kinetics for each of the H+ fluxes. Lysosomal H+ fluxes are entirely abolished when TMEM175 losses of function in the F39V mutant and is blocked by the antagonist (2-GBI). Meanwhile, lysosomal H+ fluxes are modulated by the pH-buffering capacity of the lumen and the lysosomal glycosylated membrane proteins, lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). We propose that the TMEM175-mediated lysosomal H+ fluxes model would provide novel thoughts for studying the pathology of Parkinson's disease and lysosome storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyan Yang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuyun Tian
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chunlan Kang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixuan Ping
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Meiqin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Munan S, Yadav R, Pareek N, Samanta A. Ratiometric fluorescent probes for pH mapping in cellular organelles. Analyst 2023; 148:4242-4262. [PMID: 37581493 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00960b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular pH (pHi) in organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and nuclei, differs from the cytoplasmic pH, and thus maintaining the pH of these organelles is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Alterations in the intracellular pH (ΔpHi) in organelles lead to the disruption of cell proliferation, ion transportation, cellular homeostasis, and even cell death. Hence, accurately mapping the pH of organelles is crucial. Accordingly, the development of fluorescence imaging probes for targeting specific organelles and monitoring their dynamics at the molecular level has become the forefront of research in the last three decades. Among them, ratiometric fluorescent probes minimize the interference from the excitation wavelength of light, auto-fluorescence from probe concentration, environmental fluctuations, and instrument sensitivity through self-correction compared to monochromatic fluorescent probes, which are known as turn-on/off fluorescent probes. Small-molecular ratiometric fluorescent probes for detecting ΔpHi are challenging yet demanding. To date, sixty-two ratiometric pH probes have been reported for monitoring internal pH alterations in cellular organelles. However, a critical review on organelle-specific ratiometric probes for pH mapping is still lacking. Thus, in the present review, we report the most recent advances in ratiometric pH probes and the previous data on the role of mapping the ΔpHi of cellular organelles. The development strategy, including ratiometric fluorescence with one reference signal (RFRS) and ratiometric fluorescence with two reversible signals (RFRvS), is systematically illustrated. Finally, we emphasize the major challenges in developing ratiometric probes that merit further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Munan
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Niharika Pareek
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
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13
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Oh SJ, Park K, Sonn SK, Oh GT, Lee MS. Pancreatic β-cell mitophagy as an adaptive response to metabolic stress and the underlying mechanism that involves lysosomal Ca 2+ release. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1922-1932. [PMID: 37653033 PMCID: PMC10545665 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01055-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an excellent example of selective autophagy that eliminates damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria, and it is crucial for the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function. The critical roles of autophagy in pancreatic β-cell structure and function have been clearly shown. Furthermore, morphological abnormalities and decreased function of mitochondria have been observed in autophagy-deficient β-cells, suggesting the importance of β-cell mitophagy. However, the role of authentic mitophagy in β-cell function has not been clearly demonstrated, as mice with pancreatic β-cell-specific disruption of Parkin, one of the most important players in mitophagy, did not exhibit apparent abnormalities in β-cell function or glucose homeostasis. Instead, the role of mitophagy in pancreatic β-cells has been investigated using β-cell-specific Tfeb-knockout mice (TfebΔβ-cell mice); Tfeb is a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis or autophagy gene expression and participates in mitophagy. TfebΔβ-cell mice were unable to adaptively increase mitophagy or mitochondrial complex activity in response to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic stress. Consequently, TfebΔβ-cell mice exhibited impaired β-cell responses and further exacerbated metabolic deterioration after HFD feeding. TFEB was activated by mitochondrial or metabolic stress-induced lysosomal Ca2+ release, which led to calcineurin activation and mitophagy. After lysosomal Ca2+ release, depleted lysosomal Ca2+ stores were replenished by ER Ca2+ through ER→lysosomal Ca2+ refilling, which supplemented the low lysosomal Ca2+ capacity. The importance of mitophagy in β-cell function was also demonstrated in mice that developed β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance after treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor that hampered TFEB activation and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Kihyoun Park
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea
| | - Seong Keun Sonn
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03767, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Heart-Immune-Brain Network Research Center, Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03767, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, 31151, Korea.
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14
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Meng Z, Capel RA, Bose SJ, Bosch E, de Jong S, Planque R, Galione A, Burton RAB, Bueno-Orovio A. Lysosomal calcium loading promotes spontaneous calcium release by potentiating ryanodine receptors. Biophys J 2023; 122:3044-3059. [PMID: 37329137 PMCID: PMC10432190 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous calcium release by ryanodine receptors (RyRs) due to intracellular calcium overload results in delayed afterdepolarizations, closely associated with life-threatening arrhythmias. In this regard, inhibiting lysosomal calcium release by two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) knockout has been shown to reduce the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias under β-adrenergic stimulation. However, mechanistic investigations into the role of lysosomal function on RyR spontaneous release remain missing. We investigate the calcium handling mechanisms by which lysosome function modulates RyR spontaneous release, and determine how lysosomes are able to mediate arrhythmias by its influence on calcium loading. Mechanistic studies were conducted using a population of biophysically detailed mouse ventricular models including for the first time modeling of lysosomal function, and calibrated by experimental calcium transients modulated by TPC2. We demonstrate that lysosomal calcium uptake and release can synergistically provide a pathway for fast calcium transport, by which lysosomal calcium release primarily modulates sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium reuptake and RyR release. Enhancement of this lysosomal transport pathway promoted RyR spontaneous release by elevating RyR open probability. In contrast, blocking either lysosomal calcium uptake or release revealed an antiarrhythmic impact. Under conditions of calcium overload, our results indicate that these responses are strongly modulated by intercellular variability in L-type calcium current, RyR release, and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase reuptake. Altogether, our investigations identify that lysosomal calcium handling directly influences RyR spontaneous release by regulating RyR open probability, suggesting antiarrhythmic strategies and identifying key modulators of lysosomal proarrhythmic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozheng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca A Capel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J Bose
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Bosch
- Department of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophia de Jong
- Department of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Planque
- Department of Mathematics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca A B Burton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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15
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Milani M, Pihán P, Hetz C. Calcium signaling in lysosome-dependent cell death. Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102751. [PMID: 37178674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium is a crucial messenger of intracellular and extracellular signals, regulating a great variety of cellular processes such as cell death, proliferation, and metabolism. Inside the cell, calcium signaling is one of the main interorganelle communication mediators, with central functional roles at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, Golgi complex, and lysosomes. Lysosomal function is highly dependent on lumenal calcium and most of the lysosomal membrane-localised ion channels regulate several lysosomal functions and properties such as lumenal pH. One of these functions configures a specific type of cell death involving lysosomes, named lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD), which contributes to maintenance of tissue homeostasis, development and pathology when deregulated. Here, we cover the fundamental aspects of LDCD with a special focus on recent advances in calcium signaling in LDCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Milani
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, United States of America.
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16
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Oh SJ, Hwang Y, Hur KY, Lee MS. Lysosomal Ca 2+ as a mediator of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:100. [PMID: 36944629 PMCID: PMC10030853 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While the mechanism of lipotoxicity by palmitic acid (PA), an effector of metabolic stress in vitro and in vivo, has been extensively investigated, molecular details of lipotoxicity are still not fully characterized. Since recent studies reported that PA can exert lysosomal stress in addition to well-known ER and mitochondrial stress, we studied the role of lysosomal events in lipotoxicity by PA, focusing on lysosomal Ca2+. We found that PA induced accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and that mitochondrial ROS induced release of lysosomal Ca2+ due to lysosomal Ca2+ exit channel activation. Lysosomal Ca2+ release led to increased cytosolic Ca2+ which induced mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). Chelation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ or blockade of mPT with olesoxime or decylubiquinone (DUB) suppressed lipotoxicity. Lysosomal Ca2+ release led to reduced lysosomal Ca2+ content which was replenished by ER Ca2+, the largest intracellular Ca2+ reservoir (ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling), which in turn activated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Inhibition of ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling by blockade of ER Ca2+ exit channel using dantrolene or inhibition of SOCE using BTP2 inhibited lipotoxicity in vitro. Dantrolene or DUB also inhibited lipotoxic death of hepatocytes in vivo induced by administration of ethyl palmitate together with LPS. These results suggest a novel pathway of lipotoxicity characterized by mPT due to lysosomal Ca2+ release which was supplemented by ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling and subsequent SOCE, and also suggest the potential role of modulation of ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling by dantrolene or other blockers of ER Ca2+ exit channels in disease conditions characterized by lipotoxicity such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiomyopathy or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Oh
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang Medical Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yeseong Hwang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate school of Medical Science, BK21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang Medical Center, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate school of Medical Science, BK21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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17
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Wahl-Schott C, Freichel M, Hennis K, Philippaert K, Ottenheijm R, Tsvilovskyy V, Varbanov H. Characterization of Endo-Lysosomal Cation Channels Using Calcium Imaging. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:277-304. [PMID: 36894791 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Endo-lysosomes are membrane-bound acidic organelles that are involved in endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of extracellular and intracellular material. The membranes of endo-lysosomes express several Ca2+-permeable cation ion channels, including two-pore channels (TPC1-3) and transient receptor potential mucolipin channels (TRPML1-3). In this chapter, we will describe four different state-of-the-art Ca2+ imaging approaches, which are well-suited to investigate the function of endo-lysosomal cation channels. These techniques include (1) global cytosolic Ca2+ measurements, (2) peri-endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging using genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors that are directed to the cytosolic endo-lysosomal membrane surface, (3) Ca2+ imaging of endo-lysosomal cation channels, which are engineered in order to redirect them to the plasma membrane in combination with approaches 1 and 2, and (4) Ca2+ imaging by directing Ca2+ indicators to the endo-lysosomal lumen. Moreover, we will review useful small molecules, which can be used as valuable tools for endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging. Rather than providing complete protocols, we will discuss specific methodological issues related to endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wahl-Schott
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Lehrstuhl für Vegetative Physiologie, Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Hennis
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Lehrstuhl für Vegetative Physiologie, Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Koenraad Philippaert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roger Ottenheijm
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hristo Varbanov
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover(MHH), Hannover, Germany
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18
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Cai W, Li P, Gu M, Xu H. Lysosomal Ion Channels and Lysosome-Organelle Interactions. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:93-108. [PMID: 36882602 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular organelles exchange their luminal contents with each other via both vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms. By forming membrane contact sites (MCSs) with ER and mitochondria, lysosomes mediate bidirectional transport of metabolites and ions between lysosomes and organelles that regulate lysosomal physiology, movement, membrane remodeling, and membrane repair. In this chapter, we will first summarize the current knowledge of lysosomal ion channels and then discuss the molecular and physiological mechanisms that regulate lysosome-organelle MCS formation and dynamics. We will also discuss the roles of lysosome-ER and lysosome-mitochondria MCSs in signal transduction, lipid transport, Ca 2+ transfer, membrane trafficking, and membrane repair, as well as their roles in lysosome-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Cai
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxue Gu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dun Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dun Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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19
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Riederer E, Cang C, Ren D. Lysosomal Ion Channels: What Are They Good For and Are They Druggable Targets? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:19-41. [PMID: 36151054 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-013755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes play fundamental roles in material digestion, cellular clearance, recycling, exocytosis, wound repair, Ca2+ signaling, nutrient signaling, and gene expression regulation. The organelle also serves as a hub for important signaling networks involving the mTOR and AKT kinases. Electrophysiological recording and molecular and structural studies in the past decade have uncovered several unique lysosomal ion channels and transporters, including TPCs, TMEM175, TRPMLs, CLN7, and CLC-7. They underlie the organelle's permeability to major ions, including K+, Na+, H+, Ca2+, and Cl-. The channels are regulated by numerous cellular factors, ranging from H+ in the lumen and voltage across the lysosomal membrane to ATP in the cytosol to growth factors outside the cell. Genetic variations in the channel/transporter genes are associated with diseases that include lysosomal storage diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies with human genetics and channel activators suggest that lysosomal channels may be attractive targets for the development of therapeutics for the prevention of and intervention in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Riederer
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
| | - Chunlei Cang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China;
| | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
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20
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Scorza SI, Milano S, Saponara I, Certini M, De Zio R, Mola MG, Procino G, Carmosino M, Moccia F, Svelto M, Gerbino A. TRPML1-Induced Lysosomal Ca 2+ Signals Activate AQP2 Translocation and Water Flux in Renal Collecting Duct Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021647. [PMID: 36675161 PMCID: PMC9861594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic Ca2+ storage organelles that actively generate local Ca2+ signaling events to regulate a plethora of cell functions. Here, we characterized lysosomal Ca2+ signals in mouse renal collecting duct (CD) cells and we assessed their putative role in aquaporin 2 (AQP2)-dependent water reabsorption. Bafilomycin A1 and ML-SA1 triggered similar Ca2+ oscillations, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, by alkalizing the acidic lysosomal pH or activating the lysosomal cation channel mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), respectively. TRPML1-dependent Ca2+ signals were blocked either pharmacologically or by lysosomes' osmotic permeabilization, thus indicating these organelles as primary sources of Ca2+ release. Lysosome-induced Ca2+ oscillations were sustained by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ content, while bafilomycin A1 and ML-SA1 did not directly interfere with ER Ca2+ homeostasis per se. TRPML1 activation strongly increased AQP2 apical expression and depolymerized the actin cytoskeleton, thereby boosting water flux in response to an hypoosmotic stimulus. These effects were strictly dependent on the activation of the Ca2+/calcineurin pathway. Conversely, bafilomycin A1 led to perinuclear accumulation of AQP2 vesicles without affecting water permeability. Overall, lysosomal Ca2+ signaling events can be differently decoded to modulate Ca2+-dependent cellular functions related to the dock/fusion of AQP2-transporting vesicles in principal cells of the CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ida Scorza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Serena Milano
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilenia Saponara
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maira Certini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Roberta De Zio
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805443334
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21
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Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic membrane-bound organelles that use hydrolytic enzymes to break down material through pathways such as endocytosis, phagocytosis, mitophagy, and autophagy. To function properly, intralysosomal environments are strictly controlled by a set of integral membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters. Potassium ion (K+) channels are a large and diverse family of membrane proteins that control K+ flux across both the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. In the plasma membrane, they are essential in both excitable and non-excitable cells for the control of membrane potential and cell signaling. However, our understanding of intracellular K+ channels is very limited. In this review, we summarize the recent development in studies of K+ channels in the lysosome. We focus on their characterization, potential roles in maintaining lysosomal membrane potential and lysosomal function, and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengnan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yi Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Alia Kazim Rizvi Syeda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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22
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Abstract
The discovery of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release in sea urchin eggs and then as a ubiquitous Ca2+ mobilizing messenger has introduced several novel paradigms to our understanding of Ca2+ signalling, not least in providing a link between cell stimulation and Ca2+ release from lysosomes and other acidic Ca2+ storage organelles. In addition, the hallmark concentration-response relationship of NAADP-mediated Ca2+ release, shaped by striking activation/desensitization mechanisms, influences its actions as an intracellular messenger. There has been recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release, such as the identification of the endo-lysosomal two-pore channel family of cation channels (TPCs) as their principal target and the identity of NAADP-binding proteins that complex with them. The NAADP/TPC signalling axis has gained recent prominence in pathophysiology for their roles in such disease processes as neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis and cellular viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lora L Martucci
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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Physiological roles of organelles at the pre-synapse in neurons. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 154:106345. [PMID: 36521722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are involved in different pathways that can regulate pre-synaptic function. In particular, they could modulate ATP availability in response to rapid changes, could control synaptic protein levels and adjust Ca2+ signalling, which could all impact on neuronal activity. Organelles functions in these processes need to be considered alone when describing the impact of pre-synaptic organelles on neurotransmission. However, the interplay among organelles, which occurs either via signalling pathways or through physical membranous contacts, has to be considered. In this brief review, the physiological role of organelles localized at the pre-synapse in neuronal function is discussed.
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24
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Zajac M, Modi S, Krishnan Y. The evolution of organellar calcium mapping technologies. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102658. [PMID: 36274564 PMCID: PMC10224794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ fluxes are dynamically controlled by the co-involvement of multiple organellar pools of stored Ca2+. Endolysosomes are emerging as physiologically critical, yet underexplored, sources and sinks of intracellular Ca2+. Delineating the role of organelles in Ca2+ signaling has relied on chemical fluorescent probes and electrophysiological strategies. However, the acidic endolysosomal environment presents unique issues, which preclude the use of traditional chemical reporter strategies to map lumenal Ca2+. Here, we broadly address the current state of knowledge about organellar Ca2+ pools. We then outline the application of traditional probes, and their sensing paradigms. We then discuss how a new generation of probes overcomes the limitations of traditional Ca2+probes, emphasizing their ability to offer critical insights into endolysosomal Ca2+, and its feedback with other organellar pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zajac
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Souvik Modi
- Esya Labs, Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA.
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25
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Milani M, Pihán P, Hetz C. Mitochondria-associated niches in health and disease. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:285141. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The appreciation of the importance of interorganelle contacts has steadily increased over the past decades. Advances in imaging, molecular biology and bioinformatic techniques allowed the discovery of new mechanisms involved in the interaction and communication between organelles, providing novel insights into the inner works of a cell. In this Review, with the mitochondria under the spotlight, we discuss the most recent findings on the mechanisms mediating the communication between organelles, focusing on Ca2+ signaling, lipid exchange, cell death and stress responses. Notably, we introduce a new integrative perspective to signaling networks that is regulated by interorganelle interactions – the mitochondria-associated niches – focusing on the link between the molecular determinants of contact sites and their functional outputs, rather than simply physical and structural communication. In addition, we highlight the neuropathological and metabolic implications of alterations in mitochondria-associated niches and outline how this concept might improve our understanding of multi-organelle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Milani
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile 1 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO) 2 , Santiago 7750000 , Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile 3 , Santiago 8380000 , Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 4 , Novato, CA 94945 , USA
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26
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Proteomic mapping and optogenetic manipulation of membrane contact sites. Biochem J 2022; 479:1857-1875. [PMID: 36111979 PMCID: PMC9555801 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) mediate crucial physiological processes in eukaryotic cells, including ion signaling, lipid metabolism, and autophagy. Dysregulation of MCSs is closely related to various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Visualization, proteomic mapping and manipulation of MCSs may help the dissection of the physiology and pathology MCSs. Recent technical advances have enabled better understanding of the dynamics and functions of MCSs. Here we present a summary of currently known functions of MCSs, with a focus on optical approaches to visualize and manipulate MCSs, as well as proteomic mapping within MCSs.
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27
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Two-pore channels: going with the flows. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1143-1155. [PMID: 35959977 PMCID: PMC9444070 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, our understanding of the structure, mechanisms and functions of the endo-lysosomal TPC (two-pore channel) family have grown apace. Gated by the second messengers, NAADP and PI(3,5)P2, TPCs are an integral part of fundamental signal-transduction pathways, but their array and plasticity of cation conductances (Na+, Ca2+, H+) allow them to variously signal electrically, osmotically or chemically. Their relative tissue- and organelle-selective distribution, together with agonist-selective ion permeabilities provides a rich palette from which extracellular stimuli can choose. TPCs are emerging as mediators of immunity, cancer, metabolism, viral infectivity and neurodegeneration as this short review attests.
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28
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Shah KR, Guan X, Yan J. Diversity of two-pore channels and the accessory NAADP receptors in intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102594. [PMID: 35561646 PMCID: PMC9645597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signaling via changes or oscillation in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration controls almost every aspect of cellular function and physiological processes, such as gene transcription, cell motility and proliferation, muscle contraction, and learning and memory. Two-pore channels (TPCs) are a class of eukaryotic cation channels involved in intracellular Ca2+ signaling, likely present in a multitude of organisms from unicellular organisms to mammals. Accumulated evidence indicates that TPCs play a critical role in Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores mediated by the second messenger molecule, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). In recent years, significant progress has been made regarding our understanding of the structures and function of TPCs, including Cryo-EM structure determination of mammalian TPCs and characterization of a plastid TPC in a single-celled parasite.. The recent identification of Lsm12 and JPT2 as NAADP-binding proteins provides a new molecular basis for understanding NAADP-evoked Ca2+ signaling. In this review, we summarize basic structural and functional aspects of TPCs and highlight the most recent studies on the newly discovered TPC in a parasitic protozoan and the NAADP-binding proteins LSM12 and JPT2 as new key players in NAADP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal R. Shah
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiusheng Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Cell Biology Programs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA., (J. Yan)
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29
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Mondal A, Appu AP, Sadhukhan T, Bagh MB, Previde RM, Sadhukhan S, Stojilkovic S, Liu A, Mukherjee AB. Ppt1-deficiency dysregulates lysosomal Ca ++ homeostasis contributing to pathogenesis in a mouse model of CLN1 disease. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:635-656. [PMID: 35150145 PMCID: PMC9090967 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the PPT1 gene encoding palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 (PPT1) underlie the CLN1 disease, a devastating neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. The mechanism of pathogenesis underlying CLN1 disease has remained elusive. PPT1 is a lysosomal enzyme, which catalyzes the removal of palmitate from S-palmitoylated proteins (constituents of ceroid lipofuscin) facilitating their degradation and clearance by lysosomal hydrolases. Thus, it has been proposed that Ppt1-deficiency leads to lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin leading to CLN1 disease. While S-palmitoylation is catalyzed by palmitoyl acyltransferases (called ZDHHCs), palmitoyl-protein thioesterases (PPTs) depalmitoylate these proteins. We sought to determine the mechanism by which Ppt1-deficiency may impair lysosomal degradative function leading to infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis pathogenesis. Here, we report that in Ppt1-/- mice, which mimic CLN1 disease, low level of inositol 3-phosphate receptor-1 (IP3R1) that mediates Ca++ transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the lysosome dysregulated lysosomal Ca++ homeostasis. Intriguingly, the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 (NFATC4), which regulates IP3R1-expression, required S-palmitoylation for trafficking from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. We identified two palmitoyl acyltransferases, ZDHHC4 and ZDHHC8, which catalyzed S-palmitoylation of NFATC4. Notably, in Ppt1-/- mice, reduced ZDHHC4 and ZDHHC8 levels markedly lowered S-palmitoylated NFATC4 (active) in the nucleus, which inhibited IP3R1-expression, thereby dysregulating lysosomal Ca++ homeostasis. Consequently, Ca++ -dependent lysosomal enzyme activities were markedly suppressed. Impaired lysosomal degradative function impaired autophagy, which caused lysosomal storage of undigested cargo. Importantly, IP3R1-overexpression in Ppt1-/- mouse fibroblasts ameliorated this defect. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized role of Ppt1 in regulating lysosomal Ca++ homeostasis and suggest that this defect contributes to pathogenesis of CLN1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisek Mondal
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine
| | - Abhilash P. Appu
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine
| | - Tamal Sadhukhan
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine
| | - Maria B. Bagh
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine
| | - Rafael M. Previde
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830
| | | | - Stanko Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, The National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1830
| | - Anil B Mukherjee
- Section on Developmental Genetics, Division of Translational Medicine
- Correspondence to AM () or ABM ()
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30
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Barral DC, Staiano L, Guimas Almeida C, Cutler DF, Eden ER, Futter CE, Galione A, Marques ARA, Medina DL, Napolitano G, Settembre C, Vieira OV, Aerts JMFG, Atakpa‐Adaji P, Bruno G, Capuozzo A, De Leonibus E, Di Malta C, Escrevente C, Esposito A, Grumati P, Hall MJ, Teodoro RO, Lopes SS, Luzio JP, Monfregola J, Montefusco S, Platt FM, Polishchuck R, De Risi M, Sambri I, Soldati C, Seabra MC. Current methods to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function. Traffic 2022; 23:238-269. [PMID: 35343629 PMCID: PMC9323414 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of lysosomes more than 70 years ago, much has been learned about the functions of these organelles. Lysosomes were regarded as exclusively degradative organelles, but more recent research has shown that they play essential roles in several other cellular functions, such as nutrient sensing, intracellular signalling and metabolism. Methodological advances played a key part in generating our current knowledge about the biology of this multifaceted organelle. In this review, we cover current methods used to analyze lysosome morphology, positioning, motility and function. We highlight the principles behind these methods, the methodological strategies and their advantages and limitations. To extract accurate information and avoid misinterpretations, we discuss the best strategies to identify lysosomes and assess their characteristics and functions. With this review, we aim to stimulate an increase in the quantity and quality of research on lysosomes and further ground-breaking discoveries on an organelle that continues to surprise and excite cell biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duarte C. Barral
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Leopoldo Staiano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical ResearchNational Research Council (CNR)MilanItaly
| | | | - Dan F. Cutler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Emily R. Eden
- University College London (UCL) Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | - Clare E. Futter
- University College London (UCL) Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK
| | | | | | - Diego Luis Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Clinical Medicine and Surgery DepartmentFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | | | | | - Gemma Bruno
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | | | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CNRRomeItaly
| | - Chiara Di Malta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | | | - Paolo Grumati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Michael J. Hall
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Rita O. Teodoro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - Susana S. Lopes
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
| | - J. Paul Luzio
- Cambridge Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria De Risi
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Irene Sambri
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational ScienceFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Chiara Soldati
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM)PozzuoliItaly
| | - Miguel C. Seabra
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade NOVA de LisboaLisbonPortugal
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31
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Hulsurkar MM, Lahiri SK, Karch J, Wang MC, Wehrens XH. Targeting calcium-mediated inter-organellar crosstalk in cardiac diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:303-317. [PMID: 35426759 PMCID: PMC9081256 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2067479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abnormal calcium signaling between organelles such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), mitochondria and lysosomes is a key feature of heart diseases. Calcium serves as a secondary messenger mediating inter-organellar crosstalk, essential for maintaining the cardiomyocyte function. AREAS COVERED This article examines the available literature related to calcium channels and transporters involved in inter-organellar calcium signaling. The SR calcium-release channels ryanodine receptor type-2 (RyR2) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and calcium-transporter SR/ER-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) are illuminated. The roles of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDAC), the mitochondria Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUC), and the lysosomal H+/Ca2+ exchanger, two pore channels (TPC), and transient receptor potential mucolipin (TRPML) are discussed. Furthermore, recent studies showing calcium-mediated crosstalk between the SR, mitochondria, and lysosomes as well as how this crosstalk is dysregulated in cardiac diseases are placed under the spotlight. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced SR calcium release via RyR2 and reduced SR reuptake via SERCA2a, increased VDAC and MCUC-mediated calcium uptake into mitochondria, and enhanced lysosomal calcium-release via lysosomal TPC and TRPML may all contribute to aberrant calcium homeostasis causing heart disease. While mechanisms of this crosstalk need to be studied further, interventions targeting these calcium channels or combinations thereof might represent a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit M. Hulsurkar
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Satadru K. Lahiri
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Jason Karch
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
| | - Meng C. Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Huffington Center on Aging
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Xander H.T. Wehrens
- Cardiovascular Research Institute
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics
- Dept. of Medicine (Cardiology)
- Dept. of Neuroscience
- Dept. of Pediatrics (Cardiology)
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32
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Loginov SV, Fermie J, Fokkema J, Agronskaia AV, De Heus C, Blab GA, Klumperman J, Gerritsen HC, Liv N. Correlative Organelle Microscopy: Fluorescence Guided Volume Electron Microscopy of Intracellular Processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:829545. [PMID: 35478966 PMCID: PMC9035751 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.829545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular processes depend on a strict spatial and temporal organization of proteins and organelles. Therefore, directly linking molecular to nanoscale ultrastructural information is crucial in understanding cellular physiology. Volume or three-dimensional (3D) correlative light and electron microscopy (volume-CLEM) holds unique potential to explore cellular physiology at high-resolution ultrastructural detail across cell volumes. However, the application of volume-CLEM is hampered by limitations in throughput and 3D correlation efficiency. In order to address these limitations, we describe a novel pipeline for volume-CLEM that provides high-precision (<100 nm) registration between 3D fluorescence microscopy (FM) and 3D electron microscopy (EM) datasets with significantly increased throughput. Using multi-modal fiducial nanoparticles that remain fluorescent in epoxy resins and a 3D confocal fluorescence microscope integrated into a Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB.SEM), our approach uses FM to target extremely small volumes of even single organelles for imaging in volume EM and obviates the need for post-correlation of big 3D datasets. We extend our targeted volume-CLEM approach to include live-cell imaging, adding information on the motility of intracellular membranes selected for volume-CLEM. We demonstrate the power of our approach by targeted imaging of rare and transient contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes within hours rather than days. Our data suggest that extensive ER-lysosome and mitochondria-lysosome interactions restrict lysosome motility, highlighting the unique capabilities of our integrated CLEM pipeline for linking molecular dynamic data to high-resolution ultrastructural detail in 3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Loginov
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Job Fermie
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantina Fokkema
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra V. Agronskaia
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cilia De Heus
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A. Blab
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Nalan Liv,
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Martucci LL, Cancela JM. Neurophysiological functions and pharmacological tools of acidic and non-acidic Ca2+ stores. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Jain V, Bose S, Arya AK, Arif T. Lysosomes in Stem Cell Quiescence: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1618. [PMID: 35406389 PMCID: PMC8996909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that regulate essential biological processes such as cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. They are primarily connected to the degradation/recycling of cellular macromolecules and participate in cellular trafficking, nutritional signaling, energy metabolism, and immune regulation. Therefore, lysosomes connect cellular metabolism and signaling pathways. Lysosome's involvement in the critical biological processes has rekindled clinical interest towards this organelle for treating various diseases, including cancer. Recent research advancements have demonstrated that lysosomes also regulate the maintenance and hemostasis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other types of cancer. Lysosomes regulate both HSCs' metabolic networks and identity transition. AML is a lethal type of blood cancer with a poor prognosis that is particularly associated with aging. Although the genetic landscape of AML has been extensively described, only a few targeted therapies have been produced, warranting the need for further research. This review summarizes the functions and importance of targeting lysosomes in AML, while highlighting the significance of lysosomes in HSCs maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Jain
- Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Swaroop Bose
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Awadhesh K. Arya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Faris P, Casali C, Negri S, Iengo L, Biggiogera M, Maione AS, Moccia F. Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Induces Intracellular Ca2+ Signalling and Stimulates Proliferation in Human Cardiac Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:874043. [PMID: 35392169 PMCID: PMC8980055 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.874043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a newly discovered second messenger that gates two pore channels 1 (TPC1) and 2 (TPC2) to elicit endo-lysosomal (EL) Ca2+ release. NAADP-induced lysosomal Ca2+ release may be amplified by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mechanism. NAADP-induced intracellular Ca2+ signals were shown to modulate a growing number of functions in the cardiovascular system, but their occurrence and role in cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSCs) is still unknown. Herein, we found that exogenous delivery of NAADP-AM induced a robust Ca2+ signal that was abolished by disrupting the lysosomal Ca2+ store with Gly-Phe β-naphthylamide, nigericin, and bafilomycin A1, and blocking TPC1 and TPC2, that are both expressed at protein level in C-MSCs. Furthermore, NAADP-induced EL Ca2+ release resulted in the Ca2+-dependent recruitment of ER-embedded InsP3Rs and SOCE activation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed clearly visible membrane contact sites between lysosome and ER membranes, which are predicted to provide the sub-cellular framework for lysosomal Ca2+ to recruit ER-embedded InsP3Rs through CICR. NAADP-induced EL Ca2+ mobilization via EL TPC was found to trigger the intracellular Ca2+ signals whereby Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) induces C-MSC proliferation. Furthermore, NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release was required to mediate FBS-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), but not Akt, phosphorylation in C-MSCs. These finding support the notion that NAADP-induced TPC activation could be targeted to boost proliferation in C-MSCs and pave the way for future studies assessing whether aberrant NAADP signaling in C-MSCs could be involved in cardiac disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Faris
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Casali
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lara Iengo
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Biggiogera
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Serena Maione
- Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Serena Maione, ; Francesco Moccia,
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angela Serena Maione, ; Francesco Moccia,
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Park K, Lim H, Kim J, Hwang Y, Lee YS, Bae SH, Kim H, Kim H, Kang SW, Kim JY, Lee MS. Lysosomal Ca2+-mediated TFEB activation modulates mitophagy and functional adaptation of pancreatic β-cells to metabolic stress. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1300. [PMID: 35288580 PMCID: PMC8921223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlthough autophagy is critical for pancreatic β-cell function, the role and mechanism of mitophagy in β-cells are unclear. We studied the role of lysosomal Ca2+ in TFEB activation by mitochondrial or metabolic stress and that of TFEB-mediated mitophagy in β-cell function. Mitochondrial or metabolic stress induced mitophagy through lysosomal Ca2+ release, increased cytosolic Ca2+ and TFEB activation. Lysosomal Ca2+ replenishment by ER- > lysosome Ca2+ refilling was essential for mitophagy. β-cell-specific Tfeb knockout (TfebΔβ-cell) abrogated high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mitophagy, accompanied by increased ROS and reduced mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase activity or O2 consumption. TfebΔβ-cell mice showed aggravation of HFD-induced glucose intolerance and impaired insulin release. Metabolic or mitochondrial stress induced TFEB-dependent expression of mitophagy receptors including Ndp52 and Optn, contributing to the increased mitophagy. These results suggest crucial roles of lysosomal Ca2+ release coupled with ER- > lysosome Ca2+ refilling and TFEB activation in mitophagy and maintenance of pancreatic β-cell function during metabolic stress.
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Malek M, Wawrzyniak AM, Ebner M, Puchkov D, Haucke V. Inositol triphosphate-triggered calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum induces lysosome biogenesis via TFEB/TFE3. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101740. [PMID: 35182526 PMCID: PMC8914386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes serve as dynamic regulators of cell and organismal physiology by integrating the degradation of macromolecules with receptor and nutrient signaling. Previous studies have established that activation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) and transcription factor E3 (TFE3) induces the expression of lysosomal genes and proteins in signaling-inactive starved cells, that is, under conditions when activity of the master regulator of nutrient-sensing signaling mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 is repressed. How lysosome biogenesis is triggered in signaling-active cells is incompletely understood. Here, we identify a role for calcium release from the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum in the control of lysosome biogenesis that is independent of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1. We show using functional imaging that calcium efflux from endoplasmic reticulum stores induced by inositol triphosphate accumulation upon depletion of inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A, an inositol 5-phosphatase downregulated in cancer and defective in spinocerebellar ataxia, or receptor-mediated phospholipase C activation leads to the induction of lysosome biogenesis. This mechanism involves calcineurin and the nuclear translocation and elevated transcriptional activity of TFEB/TFE3. Our findings reveal a crucial function for inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase A–mediated triphosphate hydrolysis in the control of lysosome biogenesis via TFEB/TFE3, thereby contributing to our understanding how cells are able to maintain their lysosome content under conditions of active receptor and nutrient signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhannad Malek
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna M Wawrzyniak
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ebner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmytro Puchkov
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biology, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Sun J, Liu Y, Hao X, Lin W, Su W, Chiang E, Baudry M, Bi X. LAMTOR1 inhibition of TRPML1‐dependent lysosomal calcium release regulates dendritic lysosome trafficking and hippocampal neuronal function. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108119. [PMID: 35099830 PMCID: PMC8886530 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes function not only as degradatory compartments but also as dynamic intracellular calcium ion stores. The transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channel mediates lysosomal Ca2+ release, thereby participating in multiple cellular functions. The pentameric Ragulator complex, which plays a critical role in the activation of mTORC1, is also involved in lysosomal trafficking and is anchored to lysosomes through its LAMTOR1 subunit. Here, we report that the Ragulator restricts lysosomal trafficking in dendrites of hippocampal neurons via LAMTOR1‐mediated tonic inhibition of TRPML1 activity, independently of mTORC1. LAMTOR1 directly interacts with TRPML1 through its N‐terminal domain. Eliminating this inhibition in hippocampal neurons by LAMTOR1 deletion or by disrupting LAMTOR1‐TRPML1 binding increases TRPML1‐mediated Ca2+ release and facilitates dendritic lysosomal trafficking powered by dynein. LAMTOR1 deletion in the hippocampal CA1 region of adult mice results in alterations in synaptic plasticity, and in impaired object‐recognition memory and contextual fear conditioning, due to TRPML1 activation. Mechanistically, changes in synaptic plasticity are associated with increased GluA1 dephosphorylation by calcineurin and lysosomal degradation. Thus, LAMTOR1‐mediated inhibition of TRPML1 is critical for regulating dendritic lysosomal motility, synaptic plasticity, and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Sun
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Xiaoning Hao
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Weiju Lin
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Wenyue Su
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Emerald Chiang
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Michel Baudry
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific Western University of Health Sciences Pomona CA USA
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Recent advance in dual-functional luminescent probes for reactive species and common biological ions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5087-5103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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40
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Malek M, Haucke V. Inositol triphosphate signaling triggers lysosome biogenesis via calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum stores. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:251525642210970. [PMID: 35757017 PMCID: PMC7612895 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221097052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes serve as cellular degradation and signaling centers that coordinate the turnover of macromolecules with cell metabolism. The adaptation of cellular lysosome content and activity via the induction of lysosome biogenesis is therefore key to cell physiology and to counteract disease. Previous work has established a pathway for the induction of lysosome biogenesis in signaling-inactive starved cells that is based on the repression of mTORC1-mediated nutrient signaling. How lysosomal biogenesis is facilitated in signaling-active fed cells is poorly understood. A recent study by Malek et al (Malek et al, 2022) partially fills this gap by unraveling a nutrient signaling-independent pathway for lysosome biogenesis that operates in signaling-active cells. This pathway involves the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipase C, inositol (1,4,5)-triphosphate (IP3)-triggered release of calcium ions from endoplasmic reticulum stores, and the calcineurin-induced activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and its relative TFE3 to induce lysosomal gene expression independent of calcium in the lysosome lumen. These findings contribute to our understanding of how lysosome biogenesis and function are controlled in response to environmental changes and cell signaling and may conceivably be of relevance for our understanding and the treatment of lysosome-related diseases as well as for aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhannad Malek
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Cell Biology, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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41
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Ion Channels and Pumps in Autophagy: A Reciprocal Relationship. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123537. [PMID: 34944044 PMCID: PMC8700256 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, the process of cellular self-degradation, is intrinsically tied to the degradative function of the lysosome. Several diseases have been linked to lysosomal degradative defects, including rare lysosomal storage disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Ion channels and pumps play a major regulatory role in autophagy. Importantly, calcium signaling produced by TRPML1 (transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily) has been shown to regulate autophagic progression through biogenesis of autophagic-lysosomal organelles, activation of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) and degradation of autophagic cargo. ER calcium channels such as IP3Rs supply calcium for the lysosome, and lysosomal function is severely disrupted in the absence of lysosomal calcium replenishment by the ER. TRPML1 function is also regulated by LC3 (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3) and mTORC1, two critical components of the autophagic network. Here we provide an overview of the current knowledge about ion channels and pumps-including lysosomal V-ATPase (vacuolar proton-ATPase), which is required for acidification and hence proper enzymatic activity of lysosomal hydrolases-in the regulation of autophagy, and discuss how functional impairment of some of these leads to diseases.
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Song X, Li J, Tian M, Zhu H, Hu X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Ye H, McCormick PJ, Zeng B, Fu Y, Duan J, Zhang J. Cryo-EM structure of mouse TRPML2 in lipid nanodiscs. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101487. [PMID: 34915027 PMCID: PMC8808176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalians, transient receptor potential mucolipin ion channels (TRPMLs) exhibit variable permeability to cations such as Ca2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Na+, and can be activated by the phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P2 in the endolysosomal system. Loss or dysfunction of TRPMLs has been implicated in lysosomal storage disorders, infectious diseases, and metabolic diseases. TRPML2 has recently been identified as a mechanosensitive and hypotonicity-sensitive channel in endolysosomal organelles, which distinguishes it from TRPML1 and TRPML3. However, the molecular and gating mechanism of TRPML2 remains elusive. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the full-length mouse TRPML2 in lipid nanodiscs at 3.14 Å resolution. The TRPML2 homo-tetramer structure at pH 7.4 in the apo state reveals an inactive conformation and some unique features of the extracytosolic/luminal domain and voltage sensor-like domain that have implications for the ion-conducting pathway. This structure enables new comparisons between the different subgroups of TRPML channels with available structures and provides structural insights into the conservation and diversity of TRPML channels. These comparisons have broad implications for understanding a variety of molecular mechanisms of TRPMLs in different pH conditions, including with and without bound agonists and antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ganan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Miao Tian
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Huaiyi Zhu
- Human Aging Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China
| | - Yanru Cao
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Heyang Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ganan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Peter J McCormick
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
| | - Jingjing Duan
- Human Aging Research Institute, School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330031, China.
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Davis LC, Morgan AJ, Galione A. Acidic Ca 2+ stores and immune-cell function. Cell Calcium 2021; 101:102516. [PMID: 34922066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acidic organelles act as intracellular Ca2+ stores; they actively sequester Ca2+ in their lumina and release it to the cytosol upon activation of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels. Recent data suggest important roles of endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels, the Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) and the TRPML channels (mucolipins), in different aspects of immune-cell function, particularly impacting membrane trafficking, vesicle fusion/fission and secretion. Remarkably, different channels on the same acidic vesicles can couple to different downstream physiology. Endo-lysosomal Ca2+ stores can act under different modalities, be they acting alone (via local Ca2+ nanodomains around TPCs/TRPMLs) or in conjunction with the ER Ca2+ store (to either promote or suppress global ER Ca2+ release). These different modalities impinge upon functions as broad as phagocytosis, cell-killing, anaphylaxis, immune memory, thrombostasis, and chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK.
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DNA Repair Inhibition Leads to Active Export of Repetitive Sequences to the Cytoplasm Triggering an Inflammatory Response. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9286-9307. [PMID: 34593604 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0845-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied by evidence of a chronic inflammation that includes activation of microglial cells and altered levels of brain cytokines. Aspects of this response are likely secondary reactions to neurodegeneration, but for many illnesses the inflammation may itself be an early and even causative disease event. In such cases, the inflammation is referred to as "sterile" as it occurs in the absence of an actual bacterial or viral pathogen. A potent trigger of sterile inflammation in CNS microglia has been shown to be the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm (cytoDNA) induced either by direct DNA damage or by inhibited DNA repair. We have shown that cytoDNA comes from the cell nucleus as a result of insufficient DNA damage repair. Using wild-type and Atm -/- mouse microglia, we extend these observations here by showing that its genomic origins are not random, but rather are heavily biased toward transcriptionally inactive, intergenic regions, in particular repetitive elements and AT-rich sequences. Once released from the genome, in both males and females, we show that cytoDNA is actively exported to the cytoplasm by a CRM1-dependent mechanism. In the cytoplasm, it is degraded either by a cytosolic exonuclease, Trex1, or an autophagy pathway that ends with degradation in the lysosome. Blocking the accumulation of cytoDNA prevents the emergence of the sterile inflammation reaction. These findings offer new insights into the emergence of sterile inflammation and offer novel approaches that may be of use in combatting a wide range of neurodegenerative conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sterile inflammation describes a state where the defenses of the immune system are activated in the absence of a true pathogen. A potent trigger of this unorthodox response is the presence of DNA in the cytoplasm, which immune cells interpret as an invading virus or pathogen. We show that when DNA damage increases, fragments of the cell's own genome are actively exported to the cytoplasm where they are normally degraded. If this degradation is incomplete an immune reaction is triggered. Both age and stress increase DNA damage, and as age-related neurodegenerative diseases are frequently accompanied by a chronic low-level inflammation, strategies that reduce the induction of cytoplasmic DNA or speed its clearance become attractive therapeutic targets.
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Nutz B, Rupp U, Walther P, Ziegler A. The epidermis cells of mandible teeth in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber: Differentiations for mineralisation with calcium phosphate and carbonate. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2021; 65:101101. [PMID: 34500136 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Generally, the mineralisation of the crustacean cuticle occurs when the cuticle has expanded after moulting. However, in the partes incisivae of Porcellio scaber, cuticle mineralisation with calcium phosphate already occurs before the moult. We investigated the ultrastructure and distribution of organelles within the epidermis cells and searched for calcium-containing organelles using EDX and EFTEM analysis. We found two different cell types. Calcium carbonate-secreting C-cells, which resemble the epithelial cells of the general integument, and the P-cells, which, as an unusual feature, have cell extensions up to 400 μm long. During secretion of the partes incisivae, these extensions end at the unmineralised tip and the phosphate-containing middle region. Their cell bodies contain most of the mitochondria located in basal folds and a high amount of endoplasmic reticulum. The cell extensions contain many microtubules, endoplasmic reticulum, large and small vesicles and densely stained rod-shaped cisternae. The rod-shaped cisternae and the endoplasmic reticulum contain calcium. During cuticle mineralisation, vesicles, which probably belong to the endo-lysosomal system, contain calcium and phosphorus. They occur at some distance and close to the cuticle. The mineral in these vesicles has a similar composition to that within the cuticle, suggesting that they play a role in cuticle mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Nutz
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rupp
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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46
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Du W, Gu M, Hu M, Pinchi P, Chen W, Ryan M, Nold T, Bannaga A, Xu H. Lysosomal Zn 2+ release triggers rapid, mitochondria-mediated, non-apoptotic cell death in metastatic melanoma. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109848. [PMID: 34686351 PMCID: PMC8559338 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
During tumor progression, lysosome function is often maladaptively upregulated to match the high energy demand required for cancer cell hyper-proliferation and invasion. Here, we report that mucolipin TRP channel 1 (TRPML1), a lysosomal Ca2+ and Zn2+ release channel that regulates multiple aspects of lysosome function, is dramatically upregulated in metastatic melanoma cells compared with normal cells. TRPML-specific synthetic agonists (ML-SAs) are sufficient to induce rapid (within hours) lysosomal Zn2+-dependent necrotic cell death in metastatic melanoma cells while completely sparing normal cells. ML-SA-caused mitochondria swelling and dysfunction lead to cellular ATP depletion. While pharmacological inhibition or genetic silencing of TRPML1 in metastatic melanoma cells prevents such cell death, overexpression of TRPML1 in normal cells confers ML-SA vulnerability. In the melanoma mouse models, ML-SAs exhibit potent in vivo efficacy of suppressing tumor progression. Hence, targeting maladaptively upregulated lysosome machinery can selectively eradicate metastatic tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Du
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Mingxue Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meiqin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Prateeksunder Pinchi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Ryan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Timothy Nold
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ahmed Bannaga
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 4104 Biological Sciences Building, 1105 North University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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47
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P2X4 Receptors Mediate Ca 2+ Release from Lysosomes in Response to Stimulation of P2X7 and H 1 Histamine Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910492. [PMID: 34638832 PMCID: PMC8508626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X4 purinergic receptor is targeted to endolysosomes, where it mediates an inward current dependent on luminal ATP and pH. Activation of P2X4 receptors was previously shown to trigger lysosome fusion, but the regulation of P2X4 receptors and their role in lysosomal Ca2+ signaling are poorly understood. We show that lysosomal P2X4 receptors are activated downstream of plasma membrane P2X7 and H1 histamine receptor stimulation. When P2X4 receptors are expressed, the increase in near-lysosome cytosolic [Ca2+] is exaggerated, as detected with a low-affinity targeted Ca2+ sensor. P2X4-dependent changes in lysosome properties were triggered downstream of P2X7 receptor activation, including an enlargement of lysosomes indicative of homotypic fusion and a redistribution of lysosomes towards the periphery of the cell. Lysosomal P2X4 receptors, therefore, have a role in regulating lysosomal Ca2+ release and the regulation of lysosomal membrane trafficking.
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48
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Zhu F, Miao Y, Cheng M, Ye X, Chen A, Zheng G, Tian X. The CACNA1A Mutant Disrupts Lysosome Calcium Homeostasis in Cerebellar Neurons and the Resulting Endo-Lysosomal Fusion Defect Can be Improved by Calcium Modulation. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:249-263. [PMID: 34476720 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in P/Q type voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) lead severe human neurological diseases such as episodic ataxia 2, familial hemiplegic migraine 1, absence epilepsy, progressive ataxia and spinocerebellar ataxia 6. The pathogenesis of these diseases remains unclear. Mice with spontaneous mutation in the Cacna1a gene encoding the pore-forming subunit of P/Q type VGCC also exhibit ataxia, epilepsy and neurodegeneration. Based on the previous work showing that the P/Q type VGCC in neurons regulates lysosomal fusion through its calcium channel activity on lysosomes, we utilized CACNA1A mutant mice to further investigate the mechanism by which P/Q-type VGCCs regulate lysosomal function and neuronal homeostasis. We found CACNA1A mutant neurons have reduced lysosomal calcium storage without changing the resting calcium concentration in cytoplasm and the acidification of lysosomes. Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy reveal axonal degeneration due to lysosome dysfunction in the CACNA1A mutant cerebella. The calcium modulating drug thapsigargin, by depleting the ER calcium store, which locally increases the calcium concentration can alleviate the defective lysosomal fusion in mutant neurons. We propose a model that in cerebellar neurons, P/Q-type VGCC maintains the integrity of the nervous system by regulating lysosomal calcium homeostasis to affect lysosomal fusion, which in turn regulates multiple important cellular processes such as autophagy and endocytosis. This study helps us to better understand the pathogenesis of P/Q-type VGCC related neurodegenerative diseases and provides a feasible direction for future pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yunping Miao
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xiaodi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Aiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Gaoli Zheng
- National Zhejiang Center for Safety Evaluation of New Drugs, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Xuejun Tian
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310013, China. .,Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Sharma A, Ramena GT, Elble RC. Advances in Intracellular Calcium Signaling Reveal Untapped Targets for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1077. [PMID: 34572262 PMCID: PMC8466575 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ distribution is a tightly regulated process. Numerous Ca2+ chelating, storage, and transport mechanisms are required to maintain normal cellular physiology. Ca2+-binding proteins, mainly calmodulin and calbindins, sequester free intracellular Ca2+ ions and apportion or transport them to signaling hubs needing the cations. Ca2+ channels, ATP-driven pumps, and exchangers assist the binding proteins in transferring the ions to and from appropriate cellular compartments. Some, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and lysosomes, act as Ca2+ repositories. Cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is inefficient without the active contribution of these organelles. Moreover, certain key cellular processes also rely on inter-organellar Ca2+ signaling. This review attempts to encapsulate the structure, function, and regulation of major intracellular Ca2+ buffers, sensors, channels, and signaling molecules before highlighting how cancer cells manipulate them to survive and thrive. The spotlight is then shifted to the slow pace of translating such research findings into anticancer therapeutics. We use the PubMed database to highlight current clinical studies that target intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Drug repurposing and improving the delivery of small molecule therapeutics are further discussed as promising strategies for speeding therapeutic development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
| | - Grace T. Ramena
- Department of Aquaculture, University of Arkansas, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA;
| | - Randolph C. Elble
- Department of Pharmacology and Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62702, USA;
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50
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Lsm12 is an NAADP receptor and a two-pore channel regulatory protein required for calcium mobilization from acidic organelles. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4739. [PMID: 34362892 PMCID: PMC8346516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is a potent Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger which uniquely mobilizes Ca2+ from acidic endolysosomal organelles. However, the molecular identity of the NAADP receptor remains unknown. Given the necessity of the endolysosomal two-pore channel (TPC1 or TPC2) in NAADP signaling, we performed affinity purification and quantitative proteomic analysis of the interacting proteins of NAADP and TPCs. We identified a Sm-like protein Lsm12 complexed with NAADP, TPC1, and TPC2. Lsm12 directly binds to NAADP via its Lsm domain, colocalizes with TPC2, and mediates the apparent association of NAADP to isolated TPC2 or TPC2-containing membranes. Lsm12 is essential and immediately participates in NAADP-evoked TPC activation and Ca2+ mobilization from acidic stores. These findings reveal a putative RNA-binding protein to function as an NAADP receptor and a TPC regulatory protein and provides a molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms of NAADP signaling. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger which uniquely triggers Ca2+ release from acidic endolysosomal organelles. Here the authors identify Lsm12 as an NAADP receptor essential for NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release from lysosomes via NAADP binding on its Lsm domain.
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