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Di Stolfo G, Mastroianno S, Soldato N, Massaro RS, De Luca G, Seripa D, Urbano M, Gravina C, Greco A, Siena P, Ciccone MM, Guaricci AI, Forleo C, Carella M, Potenza DR. The Role of TOMM40 in Cardiovascular Mortality and Conduction Disorders: An Observational Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3177. [PMID: 38892888 PMCID: PMC11172937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: TOMM40 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2075650 consists of allelic variation c.275-31A > G and it has been linked to Alzheimer disease, apolipoprotein and cholesterol levels and other risk factors. However, data on its role in cardiovascular disorders are lacking. The first aim of the study is to evaluate mortality according to TOMM40 genotype in a cohort of selected patients affected by advanced atherosclerosis. Second aim was to investigate the relationship between Xg and AA alleles and the presence of conduction disorders and implantation of defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker (PM) in our cohort. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 276 patients (mean age 70.16 ± 7.96 years) affected by hemodynamic significant carotid stenosis and/or ischemia of the lower limbs of II or III stadium Fontaine. We divided the population into two groups according to the genotype (Xg and AA carriers). We evaluated several electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters, including heart rate, rhythm, presence of right and left bundle branch block (LBBB and RBBB), PR interval, QRS duration and morphology, QTc interval, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We clinically followed these patients for 82.53 ± 30.02 months and we evaluated the incidence of cardiovascular events, number of deaths and PM/ICD implantations. Results: We did not find a difference in total mortality between Xg and AA carriers (16.3 % vs. 19.4%; p = 0.62). However, we found a higher mortality for fatal cardiovascular events in Xg carriers (8.2% vs. 4.4%; HR = 4.53, 95% CI 1.179-17.367; p = 0.04) with respect to AA carriers. We noted a higher percentage of LBBB in Xg carriers (10.2% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.027), which was statistically significant. Presence of right bundle branch block (RBBB) was also higher in Xg (10.2% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.10), but without reaching statistically significant difference compared to AA patients. We did not observe significant differences in heart rate, presence of sinus rhythm, number of device implantations, PR and QTc intervals, QRS duration and LVEF between the two groups. At the time of enrolment, we observed a tendency for device implant in Xg carriers at a younger age compared to AA carriers (58.50 ± 0.71 y vs. 72.14 ± 11.11 y, p = 0.10). During the follow-up, we noted no statistical difference for new device implantations in Xg respect to AA carriers (8.2% vs. 3.5%; HR = 2.384, 95% CI 0.718-7.922; p = 0.156). The tendency to implant Xg at a younger age compared to AA patients was confirmed during follow-up, but without reaching a significant difference(69.50 ± 2.89 y vs. 75.63 ± 8.35 y, p = 0.074). Finally, we pointed out that Xg carriers underwent device implantation 7.27 ± 4.43 years before AA (65.83 ± 6.11 years vs. 73.10 ± 10.39 years) and that difference reached a statistically significant difference (p = 0.049) when we considered all patients, from enrollment to follow-up. Conclusions: In our study we observed that TOMM40 Xg patients affected by advanced atherosclerosis have a higher incidence of developing fatal cardiovascular events, higher incidence of LBBB and an earlier age of PM or ICD implantations, as compared to AA carriers. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the genomic contribution of TOMM40 SNPs to cardiovascular deaths and cardiac conduction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Sandra Mastroianno
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Nicolò Soldato
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Raimondo Salvatore Massaro
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Giovanni De Luca
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Davide Seripa
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (D.S.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Urbano
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (D.S.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Carolina Gravina
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (D.S.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Greco
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (D.S.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Paola Siena
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy;
| | - Domenico Rosario Potenza
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
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Guo L, Liu JJ, Long SY, Wang PY, Li S, Wang JL, Wei XF, Li J, Lei L, Huang AL, Hu JL. TIM22 and TIM29 inhibit HBV replication by up-regulating SRSF1 expression. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29439. [PMID: 38294104 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global health problem. After the viruses infect the human body, the host can respond to the virus infection by coordinating various cellular responses, in which mitochondria play an important role. Evidence has shown that mitochondrial proteins are involved in host antiviral responses. In this study, we found that the overexpression of TIM22 and TIM29, the members of the inner membrane translocase TIM22 complex, significantly reduced the level of intracellular HBV DNA and RNA and secreted HBV surface antigens and E antigen. The effects of TIM22 and TIM29 on HBV replication and transcription is attributed to the reduction of core promoter activity mediated by the increased expression of SRSF1 which acts as a suppressor of HBV replication. This study provides new evidence for the critical role of mitochondria in the resistance of HBV infection and new targets for the development of treatment against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, China
| | - Jia-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Long
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pei-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Sixth Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia-Fei Wei
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Lei
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie-Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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3
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Loterio RK, Thomas DR, Andrade W, Lee YW, Santos LL, Mascarenhas DPA, Steiner TM, Chiaratto J, Fielden LF, Lopes L, Bird LE, Goldman GH, Stojanovski D, Scott NE, Zamboni DS, Newton HJ. Coxiella co-opts the Glutathione Peroxidase 4 to protect the host cell from oxidative stress-induced cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308752120. [PMID: 37639588 PMCID: PMC10483631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308752120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The causative agent of human Q fever, Coxiella burnetii, is highly adapted to infect alveolar macrophages by inhibiting a range of host responses to infection. Despite the clinical and biological importance of this pathogen, the challenges related to genetic manipulation of both C. burnetii and macrophages have limited our knowledge of the mechanisms by which C. burnetii subverts macrophages functions. Here, we used the related bacterium Legionella pneumophila to perform a comprehensive screen of C. burnetii effectors that interfere with innate immune responses and host death using the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella and mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. We identified MceF (Mitochondrial Coxiella effector protein F), a C. burnetii effector protein that localizes to mitochondria and contributes to host cell survival. MceF was shown to enhance mitochondrial function, delay membrane damage, and decrease mitochondrial ROS production induced by rotenone. Mechanistically, MceF recruits the host antioxidant protein Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to the mitochondria. The protective functions of MceF were absent in primary macrophages lacking GPX4, while overexpression of MceF in human cells protected against oxidative stress-induced cell death. C. burnetii lacking MceF was replication competent in mammalian cells but induced higher mortality in G. mellonella, indicating that MceF modulates the host response to infection. This study reveals an important C. burnetii strategy to subvert macrophage cell death and host immunity and demonstrates that modulation of the host antioxidant system is a viable strategy to promote the success of intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson K. Loterio
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP14049-900, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - David R. Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
- Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3800, Australia
| | - Warrison Andrade
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP14049-900, Brazil
| | - Yi Wei Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Leonardo L. Santos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP14049-900, Brazil
| | - Danielle P. A. Mascarenhas
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP14049-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Steiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Jéssica Chiaratto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP14040-903, Brazil
| | - Laura F. Fielden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Leticia Lopes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lauren E. Bird
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Gustavo H. Goldman
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP14040-903, Brazil
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Nichollas E. Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP14049-900, Brazil
| | - Hayley J. Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC3000, Australia
- Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC3800, Australia
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4
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Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang Z, Lin X, Li Z, Ren Y, Zhao J. The translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 22-2 is required for mitochondrial membrane function during Arabidopsis seed development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4427-4448. [PMID: 37105529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The carrier translocase (also known as translocase of the inner membrane 22; TIM22 complex) is an important component of the mitochondrial protein import apparatus. However, the biological functions of AtTIM22-2 in Arabidopsis remain poorly defined. Here, we report studies on two tim22-2 mutants that exhibit defects in embryo and endosperm development, leading to seed abortion. AtTIM22-2, which was localized in mitochondria, was widely expressed in embryos and in various seedling organs. Loss of AtTIM22-2 function resulted in irregular mitochondrial cristae, decreased respiratory activity, and a lower membrane potential, together with changes in gene expression and enzyme activity related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, leading to increased accumulation of ROS in the embryo. The levels of transcripts encoding mitochondrial protein import components were also altered in the tim22-2 mutants. Furthermore, mass spectrometry, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that AtTIM22-2 interacted with AtTIM23-2, AtB14.7 (a member of Arabidopsis OEP16 family encoded by At2G42210), and AT5G27395 (mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex, subunit TIM44-related protein). Taken together, these results demonstrate that AtTIM22-2 is essential for maintaining mitochondrial membrane functions during seed development. These findings lay the foundations for a new model of the composition and functions of the TIM22 complex in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaodi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yafang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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5
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Anderson AJ, Crameri JJ, Ang C, Malcolm TR, Kang Y, Baker MJ, Palmer CS, Sharpe AJ, Formosa LE, Ganio K, Baker MJ, McDevitt CA, Ryan MT, Maher MJ, Stojanovski D. Human Tim8a, Tim8b and Tim13 are auxiliary assembly factors of mature Complex IV. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56430. [PMID: 37272231 PMCID: PMC10398661 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Tim8a and Tim8b are paralogous intermembrane space proteins of the small TIM chaperone family. Yeast small TIMs function in the trafficking of proteins to the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes. This putative import function for hTim8a and hTim8b has been challenged in human models, but their precise molecular function(s) remains undefined. Likewise, the necessity for human cells to encode two Tim8 proteins and whether any potential redundancy exists is unclear. We demonstrate that hTim8a and hTim8b function in the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV). Using affinity enrichment mass spectrometry, we define the interaction network of hTim8a, hTim8b and hTim13, identifying subunits and assembly factors of the Complex IV COX2 module. hTim8-deficient cells have a COX2 and COX3 module defect and exhibit an accumulation of the Complex IV S2 subcomplex. These data suggest that hTim8a and hTim8b function in assembly of Complex IV via interactions with intermediate-assembly subcomplexes. We propose that hTim8-hTim13 complexes are auxiliary assembly factors involved in the formation of the Complex IV S3 subcomplex during assembly of mature Complex IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Jordan J Crameri
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Ching‐Seng Ang
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Tess R Malcolm
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Megan J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Alice J Sharpe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | - Luke E Formosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | - Katherine Ganio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Michael J Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | - Megan J Maher
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- School of ChemistryThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVicAustralia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and PharmacologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVicAustralia
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6
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Mitochondrial protein import and UPR mt in skeletal muscle remodeling and adaptation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:28-36. [PMID: 35063351 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The biogenesis of mitochondria requires the coordinated expression of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes. However, the vast majority of gene products within the organelle are encoded in the nucleus, synthesized in the cytosol, and imported into mitochondria via the protein import machinery, which permit the entry of proteins to expand the mitochondrial network. Once inside, proteins undergo a maturation and folding process brought about by enzymes comprising the unfolded protein response (UPRmt). Protein import and UPRmt activity must be synchronized and matched with mtDNA-encoded subunit synthesis for proper assembly of electron transport chain complexes to avoid proteotoxicity. This review discusses the functions of the import and UPRmt systems in mammalian skeletal muscle, as well as how exercise alters the equilibrium of these pathways in a time-dependent manner, leading to a new steady state of mitochondrial content resulting in enhanced oxidative capacity and improved muscle health.
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Coyne LP, Wang X, Song J, de Jong E, Schneider K, Massa PT, Middleton FA, Becker T, Chen XJ. Mitochondrial protein import clogging as a mechanism of disease. eLife 2023; 12:e84330. [PMID: 37129366 PMCID: PMC10208645 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis requires the import of >1,000 mitochondrial preproteins from the cytosol. Most studies on mitochondrial protein import are focused on the core import machinery. Whether and how the biophysical properties of substrate preproteins affect overall import efficiency is underexplored. Here, we show that protein traffic into mitochondria can be disrupted by amino acid substitutions in a single substrate preprotein. Pathogenic missense mutations in ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ANT1), and its yeast homolog ADP/ATP carrier 2 (Aac2), cause the protein to accumulate along the protein import pathway, thereby obstructing general protein translocation into mitochondria. This impairs mitochondrial respiration, cytosolic proteostasis, and cell viability independent of ANT1's nucleotide transport activity. The mutations act synergistically, as double mutant Aac2/ANT1 causes severe clogging primarily at the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex. This confers extreme toxicity in yeast. In mice, expression of a super-clogger ANT1 variant led to neurodegeneration and an age-dependent dominant myopathy that phenocopy ANT1-induced human disease, suggesting clogging as a mechanism of disease. More broadly, this work implies the existence of uncharacterized amino acid requirements for mitochondrial carrier proteins to avoid clogging and subsequent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Coyne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Jiyao Song
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Ebbing de Jong
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Karin Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Paul T Massa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neurology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Frank A Middleton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Xin Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseUnited States
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8
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Busch JD, Fielden LF, Pfanner N, Wiedemann N. Mitochondrial protein transport: Versatility of translocases and mechanisms. Mol Cell 2023; 83:890-910. [PMID: 36931257 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of mitochondria requires the import of approximately 1,000 different precursor proteins into and across the mitochondrial membranes. Mitochondria exhibit a wide variety of mechanisms and machineries for the translocation and sorting of precursor proteins. Five major import pathways that transport proteins to their functional intramitochondrial destination have been elucidated; these pathways range from the classical amino-terminal presequence-directed pathway to pathways using internal or even carboxy-terminal targeting signals in the precursors. Recent studies have provided important insights into the structural organization of membrane-embedded preprotein translocases of mitochondria. A comparison of the different translocases reveals the existence of at least three fundamentally different mechanisms: two-pore-translocase, β-barrel switching, and transport cavities open to the lipid bilayer. In addition, translocases are physically engaged in dynamic interactions with respiratory chain complexes, metabolite transporters, quality control factors, and machineries controlling membrane morphology. Thus, mitochondrial preprotein translocases are integrated into multi-functional networks of mitochondrial and cellular machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D Busch
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura F Fielden
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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9
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Kumar A, Waingankar TP, D'Silva P. Functional crosstalk between the TIM22 complex and YME1 machinery maintains mitochondrial proteostasis and integrity. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286750. [PMID: 36601773 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TIM22 pathway cargos are essential for sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis as an excess of these proteins leads to proteostatic stress and cell death. Yme1 is an inner membrane metalloprotease that regulates protein quality control with chaperone-like and proteolytic activities. Although the mitochondrial translocase and protease machinery are critical for organelle health, their functional association remains unexplored. The present study unravels a novel genetic connection between the TIM22 complex and YME1 machinery in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is required for maintaining mitochondrial health. Our genetic analyses indicate that impairment in the TIM22 complex rescues the respiratory growth defects of cells without Yme1. Furthermore, Yme1 is essential for the stability of the TIM22 complex and regulates the proteostasis of TIM22 pathway substrates. Moreover, impairment in the TIM22 complex suppressed the mitochondrial structural and functional defects of Yme1-devoid cells. In summary, excessive levels of TIM22 pathway substrates could be one of the reasons for respiratory growth defects of cells lacking Yme1, and compromising the TIM22 complex can compensate for the imbalance in mitochondrial proteostasis caused by the loss of Yme1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Tejashree Pradip Waingankar
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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10
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Schneider A. Evolution and diversification of mitochondrial protein import systems. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102077. [PMID: 35390639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
More than 95% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus, synthesised in the cytosol and imported into the organelle. The evolution of mitochondrial protein import systems was therefore a prerequisite for the conversion of the α-proteobacterial mitochondrial ancestor into an organelle. Here, I review that the origin of the mitochondrial outer membrane import receptors can best be understood by convergent evolution. Subsequently, I discuss an evolutionary scenario that was proposed to explain the diversification of the inner membrane carrier protein translocases between yeast and mammals. Finally, I illustrate a scenario that can explain how the two specialised inner membrane protein translocase complexes found in most eukaryotes were reduced to a single multifunctional one in trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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11
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Kumar A, Matta SK, Vigneshwaran R, D'Silva P. A journey through the gateway of polytopic inner membrane proteins: The carrier translocase machinery. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2022.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Eaglesfield R, Tokatlidis K. Targeting and Insertion of Membrane Proteins in Mitochondria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:803205. [PMID: 35004695 PMCID: PMC8740019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.803205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane proteins play an essential role in all major mitochondrial functions. The respiratory complexes of the inner membrane are key for the generation of energy. The carrier proteins for the influx/efflux of essential metabolites to/from the matrix. Many other inner membrane proteins play critical roles in the import and processing of nuclear encoded proteins (∼99% of all mitochondrial proteins). The outer membrane provides another lipidic barrier to nuclear-encoded protein translocation and is home to many proteins involved in the import process, maintenance of ionic balance, as well as the assembly of outer membrane components. While many aspects of the import and assembly pathways of mitochondrial membrane proteins have been elucidated, many open questions remain, especially surrounding the assembly of the respiratory complexes where certain highly hydrophobic subunits are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA and synthesised and inserted into the membrane from the matrix side. This review will examine the various assembly pathways for inner and outer mitochondrial membrane proteins while discussing the most recent structural and biochemical data examining the biogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Eaglesfield
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Scotland, United Kingdom
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13
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Bogorodskiy A, Okhrimenko I, Burkatovskii D, Jakobs P, Maslov I, Gordeliy V, Dencher NA, Gensch T, Voos W, Altschmied J, Haendeler J, Borshchevskiy V. Role of Mitochondrial Protein Import in Age-Related Neurodegenerative and Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3528. [PMID: 34944035 PMCID: PMC8699856 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in providing energy, maintaining cellular metabolism, and regulating cell survival and death. To carry out these crucial functions, mitochondria employ more than 1500 proteins, distributed between two membranes and two aqueous compartments. An extensive network of dedicated proteins is engaged in importing and sorting these nuclear-encoded proteins into their designated mitochondrial compartments. Defects in this fundamental system are related to a variety of pathologies, particularly engaging the most energy-demanding tissues. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge about the mitochondrial protein import machinery and describe the known interrelation of its failure with age-related neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.B.); (I.O.); (D.B.); (I.M.); (V.G.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Ivan Okhrimenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.B.); (I.O.); (D.B.); (I.M.); (V.G.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Dmitrii Burkatovskii
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.B.); (I.O.); (D.B.); (I.M.); (V.G.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Philipp Jakobs
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.B.); (I.O.); (D.B.); (I.M.); (V.G.); (N.A.D.)
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.B.); (I.O.); (D.B.); (I.M.); (V.G.); (N.A.D.)
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38400 Grenoble, France
| | - Norbert A. Dencher
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.B.); (I.O.); (D.B.); (I.M.); (V.G.); (N.A.D.)
- Physical Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Gensch
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1: Molecular and Cellular Physiology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Voos
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IBMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Joachim Altschmied
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
- IUF—Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Haendeler
- Environmentally-Induced Cardiovascular Degeneration, Central Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.J.); (J.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (A.B.); (I.O.); (D.B.); (I.M.); (V.G.); (N.A.D.)
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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14
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Proteomic analysis demonstrates the role of the quality control protease LONP1 in mitochondrial protein aggregation. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101134. [PMID: 34461102 PMCID: PMC8503632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial matrix protease LONP1 is an essential part of the organellar protein quality control system. LONP1 has been shown to be involved in respiration control and apoptosis. Furthermore, a reduction in LONP1 level correlates with aging. Up to now, the effects of a LONP1 defect were mostly studied by utilizing transient, siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches. We generated a new cellular model system for studying the impact of LONP1 on mitochondrial protein homeostasis by a CRISPR/Cas-mediated genetic knockdown (gKD). These cells showed a stable reduction of LONP1 along with a mild phenotype characterized by absent morphological differences and only small negative effects on mitochondrial functions under normal culture conditions. To assess the consequences of a permanent LONP1 depletion on the mitochondrial proteome, we analyzed the alterations of protein levels by quantitative mass spectrometry, demonstrating small adaptive changes, in particular with respect to mitochondrial protein biogenesis. In an additional proteomic analysis, we determined the temperature-dependent aggregation behavior of mitochondrial proteins and its dependence on a reduction of LONP1 activity, demonstrating the important role of the protease for mitochondrial protein homeostasis in mammalian cells. We identified a significant number of mitochondrial proteins that are affected by a reduced LONP1 activity especially with respect to their stress-induced solubility. Taken together, our results suggest a very good applicability of the LONP1 gKD cell line as a model system for human aging processes.
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15
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Molecular Insights into Mitochondrial Protein Translocation and Human Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071031. [PMID: 34356047 PMCID: PMC8305315 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In human mitochondria, mtDNA encodes for only 13 proteins, all components of the OXPHOS system. The rest of the mitochondrial components, which make up approximately 99% of its proteome, are encoded in the nuclear genome, synthesized in cytosolic ribosomes and imported into mitochondria. Different import machineries translocate mitochondrial precursors, depending on their nature and the final destination inside the organelle. The proper and coordinated function of these molecular pathways is critical for mitochondrial homeostasis. Here, we will review molecular details about these pathways, which components have been linked to human disease and future perspectives on the field to expand the genetic landscape of mitochondrial diseases.
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16
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Grevel A, Becker T. Porins as helpers in mitochondrial protein translocation. Biol Chem 2021; 401:699-708. [PMID: 31967957 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria import the vast majority of their proteins via dedicated protein machineries. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM complex) forms the main entry site for precursor proteins that are produced on cytosolic ribosomes. Subsequently, different protein sorting machineries transfer the incoming preproteins to the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes, the intermembrane space, and the matrix. In this review, we highlight the recently discovered role of porin, also termed voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), in mitochondrial protein biogenesis. Porin forms the major channel for metabolites and ions in the outer membrane of mitochondria. Two different functions of porin in protein translocation have been reported. First, it controls the formation of the TOM complex by modulating the integration of the central receptor Tom22 into the mature translocase. Second, porin promotes the transport of carrier proteins toward the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex), which inserts these preproteins into the inner membrane. Therefore, porin acts as a coupling factor to spatially coordinate outer and inner membrane transport steps. Thus, porin links metabolite transport to protein import, which are both essential for mitochondrial function and biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Grevel
- Institute of Biochemistry und Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry und Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Needs HI, Protasoni M, Henley JM, Prudent J, Collinson I, Pereira GC. Interplay between Mitochondrial Protein Import and Respiratory Complexes Assembly in Neuronal Health and Degeneration. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:432. [PMID: 34064758 PMCID: PMC8151517 DOI: 10.3390/life11050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that >99% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and synthesised in the cytosol renders the process of mitochondrial protein import fundamental for normal organelle physiology. In addition to this, the nuclear genome comprises most of the proteins required for respiratory complex assembly and function. This means that without fully functional protein import, mitochondrial respiration will be defective, and the major cellular ATP source depleted. When mitochondrial protein import is impaired, a number of stress response pathways are activated in order to overcome the dysfunction and restore mitochondrial and cellular proteostasis. However, prolonged impaired mitochondrial protein import and subsequent defective respiratory chain function contributes to a number of diseases including primary mitochondrial diseases and neurodegeneration. This review focuses on how the processes of mitochondrial protein translocation and respiratory complex assembly and function are interlinked, how they are regulated, and their importance in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope I. Needs
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Margherita Protasoni
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Jeremy M. Henley
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
- Centre for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Ian Collinson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; (H.I.N.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Gonçalo C. Pereira
- Medical Research Council-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; (M.P.); (J.P.)
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18
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Acoba MG, Alpergin ESS, Renuse S, Fernández-Del-Río L, Lu YW, Khalimonchuk O, Clarke CF, Pandey A, Wolfgang MJ, Claypool SM. The mitochondrial carrier SFXN1 is critical for complex III integrity and cellular metabolism. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108869. [PMID: 33730581 PMCID: PMC8048093 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers (MCs) mediate the passage of small molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), enabling regulated crosstalk between compartmentalized reactions. Despite MCs representing the largest family of solute carriers in mammals, most have not been subjected to a comprehensive investigation, limiting our understanding of their metabolic contributions. Here, we functionally characterize SFXN1, a member of the non-canonical, sideroflexin family. We find that SFXN1, an integral IMM protein with an uneven number of transmembrane domains, is a TIM22 complex substrate. SFXN1 deficiency leads to mitochondrial respiratory chain impairments, most detrimental to complex III (CIII) biogenesis, activity, and assembly, compromising coenzyme Q levels. The CIII dysfunction is independent of one-carbon metabolism, the known primary role for SFXN1 as a mitochondrial serine transporter. Instead, SFXN1 supports CIII function by participating in heme and α-ketoglutarate metabolism. Our findings highlight the multiple ways that SFXN1-based amino acid transport impacts mitochondrial and cellular metabolic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Grace Acoba
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ebru S Selen Alpergin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Río
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Nebraska Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Departments of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steven M Claypool
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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19
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Qi L, Wang Q, Guan Z, Wu Y, Shen C, Hong S, Cao J, Zhang X, Yan C, Yin P. Cryo-EM structure of the human mitochondrial translocase TIM22 complex. Cell Res 2021; 31:369-372. [PMID: 32901109 PMCID: PMC8027037 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Qi
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Zeyuan Guan
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Yan Wu
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Cuicui Shen
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Sixing Hong
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
| | - Xing Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Center of Cryo Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Chuangye Yan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Ping Yin
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070 China
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20
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Mitochondrial control of cellular protein homeostasis. Biochem J 2021; 477:3033-3054. [PMID: 32845275 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are involved in several vital functions of the eukaryotic cell. The majority of mitochondrial proteins are coded by nuclear DNA. Constant import of proteins from the cytosol is a prerequisite for the efficient functioning of the organelle. The protein import into mitochondria is mediated by diverse import pathways and is continuously under watch by quality control systems. However, it is often challenged by both internal and external factors, such as oxidative stress or energy shortage. The impaired protein import and biogenesis leads to the accumulation of mitochondrial precursor proteins in the cytosol and activates several stress response pathways. These defense mechanisms engage a network of processes involving transcription, translation, and protein clearance to restore cellular protein homeostasis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of various factors and processes contributing to mitochondrial stress caused by protein biogenesis failure and summarize the recovery mechanisms employed by the cell.
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21
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Palmer CS, Anderson AJ, Stojanovski D. Mitochondrial protein import dysfunction: mitochondrial disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1107-1131. [PMID: 33314127 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The majority of proteins localised to mitochondria are encoded by the nuclear genome, with approximately 1500 proteins imported into mammalian mitochondria. Dysfunction in this fundamental cellular process is linked to a variety of pathologies including neuropathies, cardiovascular disorders, myopathies, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, demonstrating the importance of mitochondrial protein import machinery for cellular function. Correct import of proteins into mitochondria requires the co-ordinated activity of multimeric protein translocation and sorting machineries located in both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, directing the imported proteins to the destined mitochondrial compartment. This dynamic process maintains cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation significantly affects cellular signalling pathways and metabolism. This review summarises current knowledge of the mammalian mitochondrial import machinery and the pathological consequences of mutation of its components. In addition, we will discuss the role of mitochondrial import in cancer, and our current understanding of the role of mitochondrial import in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Jackson TD, Hock DH, Fujihara KM, Palmer CS, Frazier AE, Low YC, Kang Y, Ang CS, Clemons NJ, Thorburn DR, Stroud DA, Stojanovski D. The TIM22 complex mediates the import of sideroflexins and is required for efficient mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:475-491. [PMID: 33476211 PMCID: PMC8101445 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-06-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) is a mitochondrial lipid kinase that contributes to protein biogenesis as a subunit of the TIM22 complex at the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mutations in AGK cause Sengers syndrome, an autosomal recessive condition characterized by congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, skeletal myopathy, and lactic acidosis. We mapped the proteomic changes in Sengers patient fibroblasts and AGKKO cell lines to understand the effects of AGK dysfunction on mitochondria. This uncovered down-regulation of a number of proteins at the inner mitochondrial membrane, including many SLC25 carrier family proteins, which are predicted substrates of the complex. We also observed down-regulation of SFXN proteins, which contain five transmembrane domains, and show that they represent a novel class of TIM22 complex substrate. Perturbed biogenesis of SFXN proteins in cells lacking AGK reduces the proliferative capabilities of these cells in the absence of exogenous serine, suggesting that dysregulation of one-carbon metabolism is a molecular feature in the biology of Sengers syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Daniella H Hock
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Kenji M Fujihara
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Ann E Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yau C Low
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute and.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute
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23
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TIM29 is required for enhanced stem cell activity during regeneration in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1166. [PMID: 33441924 PMCID: PMC7806878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TIM29 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that interacts with the protein import complex TIM22. TIM29 was shown to stabilize the TIM22 complex but its biological function remains largely unknown. Until recently, it was classified as one of the Domain of Unknown Function (DUF) genes, with a conserved protein domain DUF2366 of unclear function. Since characterizing DUF genes can provide novel biological insight, we used previously established transcriptional profiles of the germline and stem cells of the flatworm Macrostomum lignano to probe conserved DUFs for their potential role in germline biology, stem cell function, regeneration, and development. Here, we demonstrate that DUF2366/TIM29 knockdown in M. lignano has very limited effect during the normal homeostatic condition but prevents worms from adapting to a highly proliferative state required for regeneration.
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24
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Singha UK, Tripathi A, Smith JT, Quinones L, Saha A, Singha T, Chaudhuri M. Novel IM-associated protein Tim54 plays a role in the mitochondrial import of internal signal-containing proteins in Trypanosoma brucei. Biol Cell 2021; 113:39-57. [PMID: 33084070 PMCID: PMC8265390 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM) imports most of the nucleus-encoded proteins that are destined for the matrix, inner membrane (IM) and the intermembrane space (IMS). Trypanosoma brucei, the infectious agent for African trypanosomiasis, possesses a unique TIM complex consisting of several novel proteins in association with a relatively conserved protein TbTim17. Tandem affinity purification of the TbTim17 protein complex revealed TbTim54 as a potential component of this complex. RESULTS TbTim54, a trypanosome-specific IMS protein, is peripherally associated with the IM and is present in a protein complex slightly larger than the TbTim17 complex. TbTim54 knockdown (KD) reduced the import of TbTim17 and compromised the integrity of the TbTim17 complex. TbTim54 KD inhibited the in vitro mitochondrial import and assembly of the internal signal-containing mitochondrial carrier proteins MCP3, MCP5 and MCP11 to a greater extent than TbTim17 KD. Furthermore, TbTim54 KD, but not TbTim17 KD, significantly hampered the mitochondrial targeting of ectopically expressed MCP3 and MCP11. These observations along with our previous finding that the mitochondrial import of N-terminal signal-containing proteins like cytochrome oxidase subunit 4 and MRP2 was affected to a greater extent by TbTim17 KD than TbTim54 KD indicating a substrate-specificity of TbTim54 for internal-signal containing mitochondrial proteins. In other organisms, small Tim chaperones in the IMS are known to participate in the translocation of MCPs. We found that TbTim54 can directly interact with at least two of the six known small TbTim proteins, TbTim11 and TbTim13, as well as with the N-terminal domain of TbTim17. CONCLUSION TbTim54 interacts with TbTim17. It also plays a crucial role in the mitochondrial import and complex assembly of internal signal-containing IM proteins in T. brucei. SIGNIFICANCE We are the first to characterise TbTim54, a novel TbTim that is involved primarily in the mitochondrial import of MCPs and TbTim17 in T. brucei.
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25
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Chaudhuri M, Darden C, Soto Gonzalez F, Singha UK, Quinones L, Tripathi A. Tim17 Updates: A Comprehensive Review of an Ancient Mitochondrial Protein Translocator. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1643. [PMID: 33297490 PMCID: PMC7762337 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The translocases of the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes, the TOM and TIMs, import hundreds of nucleus-encoded proteins into mitochondria. TOM and TIMs are multi-subunit protein complexes that work in cooperation with other complexes to import proteins in different sub-mitochondrial destinations. The overall architecture of these protein complexes is conserved among yeast/fungi, animals, and plants. Recent studies have revealed unique characteristics of this machinery, particularly in the eukaryotic supergroup Excavata. Despite multiple differences, homologues of Tim17, an essential component of one of the TIM complexes and a member of the Tim17/Tim22/Tim23 family, have been found in all eukaryotes. Here, we review the structure and function of Tim17 and Tim17-containing protein complexes in different eukaryotes, and then compare them to the single homologue of this protein found in Trypanosoma brucei, a unicellular parasitic protozoan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Chaudhuri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd, Jr., Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; (C.D.); (F.S.G.); (U.K.S.); (L.Q.); (A.T.)
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26
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Fielden LF, Scott NE, Palmer CS, Khoo CA, Newton HJ, Stojanovski D. Proteomic Identification of Coxiella burnetii Effector Proteins Targeted to the Host Cell Mitochondria During Infection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 20:100005. [PMID: 33177156 PMCID: PMC7950127 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the host cell is integral to the survival and replication of microbial pathogens. Several intracellular bacterial pathogens deliver bacterial proteins, termed "effector proteins" into the host cell during infection by sophisticated protein translocation systems, which manipulate cellular processes and functions. The functional contribution of individual effectors is poorly characterized, particularly in intracellular bacterial pathogens with large effector protein repertoires. Technical caveats have limited the capacity to study these proteins during a native infection, with many effector proteins having only been demonstrated to be translocated during over-expression of tagged versions. Here, we developed a novel strategy to examine effector proteins in the context of infection. We coupled a broad, unbiased proteomics-based screen with organelle purification to study the host-pathogen interactions occurring between the host cell mitochondrion and the Gram-negative, Q fever pathogen Coxiella burnetii. We identify four novel mitochondrially-targeted C. burnetii effector proteins, renamed Mitochondrial Coxiella effector protein (Mce) B to E. Examination of the subcellular localization of ectopically expressed proteins confirmed their mitochondrial localization, demonstrating the robustness of our approach. Subsequent biochemical analysis and affinity enrichment proteomics of one of these effector proteins, MceC, revealed the protein localizes to the inner membrane and can interact with components of the mitochondrial quality control machinery. Our study adapts high-sensitivity proteomics to study intracellular host-pathogen interactions, providing a robust strategy to examine the subcellular localization of effector proteins during native infection. This approach could be applied to a range of pathogens and host cell compartments to provide a rich map of effector dynamics throughout infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Fielden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chen Ai Khoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley J Newton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Valpadashi A, Callegari S, Linden A, Neumann P, Ficner R, Urlaub H, Deckers M, Rehling P. Defining the architecture of the human TIM22 complex by chemical crosslinking. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:157-168. [PMID: 33125709 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of mitochondrial proteins are nuclear encoded and imported into mitochondria as precursor proteins via dedicated translocases. The translocase of the inner membrane 22 (TIM22) is a multisubunit molecular machine specialized for the translocation of hydrophobic, multi-transmembrane-spanning proteins with internal targeting signals into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Here, we undertook a crosslinking-mass spectrometry (XL-MS) approach to determine the molecular arrangement of subunits of the human TIM22 complex. Crosslinking of the isolated TIM22 complex using the BS3 crosslinker resulted in the broad generation of crosslinks across the majority of TIM22 components, including the small TIM chaperone complex. The crosslinking data uncovered several unexpected features, opening new avenues for a deeper investigation into the steps required for TIM22-mediated translocation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Valpadashi
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Ubiquitin Signalling Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andreas Linden
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Piotr Neumann
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Ficner
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Muriungi NG, Ueda K. TIMM29 interacts with hepatitis B virus preS1 to modulate the HBV life cycle. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:792-809. [PMID: 32970362 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV), a major global health problem, can cause chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinomas in chronically infected patients. However, before HBV infection can be adequately controlled, many mysteries about the HBV life cycle must be solved. In this study, TIMM29, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, was identified as an interaction partner of the preS1 region of the HBV large S protein. The interaction was verified by both an immunoprecipitation with preS1 peptides and a GST-pulldown assay. Immunofluorescence studies also showed colocalization of preS1 and TIMM29. Moreover, it was determined that the preS1 bound with amino acids 92-189 of the TIMM29 protein. Infection of HBV in TIMM29-overexpressing NTCP/G2 cells resulted in a significant decrease of HBeAg and both extracellular particle-associated and core particle-associated HBV DNA without affecting cccDNA formation. Comparable results were obtained with TIMM29-overexpressing HB611 cells, which constitutively produce HBV. In contrast, knockout of TIMM29 in NTCP/G2 cells led to a higher production of HBV including HBeAg expression, as did knockout of TIMM29 in HB611. Collectively, these results suggested that TIMM29 interacts with the preS1 region of the HBV large S protein and modulates HBV amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Gakii Muriungi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueda
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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29
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Muñoz-Gómez SA, Snyder SN, Montoya SJ, Wideman JG. Independent accretion of TIM22 complex subunits in the animal and fungal lineages. F1000Res 2020; 9:1060. [PMID: 33014348 PMCID: PMC7523481 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25904.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mitochondrial protein import complexes arose early in eukaryogenesis. Most of the components of the protein import pathways predate the last eukaryotic common ancestor. For example, the carrier-insertase TIM22 complex comprises the widely conserved Tim22 channel core. However, the auxiliary components of fungal and animal TIM22 complexes are exceptions to this ancient conservation. Methods: Using comparative genomics and phylogenetic approaches, we identified precisely when each TIM22 accretion occurred. Results: In animals, we demonstrate that Tim29 and Tim10b arose early in the holozoan lineage. Tim29 predates the metazoan lineage being present in the animal sister lineages, choanoflagellate and filastereans, whereas the erroneously named Tim10b arose from a duplication of Tim9 at the base of metazoans. In fungi, we show that Tim54 has representatives present in every holomycotan lineage including microsporidians and fonticulids, whereas Tim18 and Tim12 appeared much later in fungal evolution. Specifically, Tim18 and Tim12 arose from duplications of Sdh3 and Tim10, respectively, early in the Saccharomycotina. Surprisingly, we show that Tim54 is distantly related to AGK suggesting that AGK and Tim54 are extremely divergent orthologues and the origin of AGK/Tim54 interaction with Tim22 predates the divergence of animals and fungi. Conclusions: We argue that the evolutionary history of the TIM22 complex is best understood as the neutral structural divergence of an otherwise strongly functionally conserved protein complex. This view suggests that many of the differences in structure/subunit composition of multi-protein complexes are non-adaptive. Instead, most of the phylogenetic variation of functionally conserved molecular machines, which have been under stable selective pressures for vast phylogenetic spans, such as the TIM22 complex, is most likely the outcome of the interplay of random genetic drift and mutation pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Muñoz-Gómez
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Shannon N. Snyder
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Samantha J. Montoya
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jeremy G. Wideman
- Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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30
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Horten P, Colina-Tenorio L, Rampelt H. Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Metabolite Carriers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1008. [PMID: 32645990 PMCID: PMC7408425 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
: Metabolite carriers of the mitochondrial inner membrane are crucial for cellular physiology since mitochondria contribute essential metabolic reactions and synthesize the majority of the cellular ATP. Like almost all mitochondrial proteins, carriers have to be imported into mitochondria from the cytosol. Carrier precursors utilize a specialized translocation pathway dedicated to the biogenesis of carriers and related proteins, the carrier translocase of the inner membrane (TIM22) pathway. After recognition and import through the mitochondrial outer membrane via the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, carrier precursors are ushered through the intermembrane space by hexameric TIM chaperones and ultimately integrated into the inner membrane by the TIM22 carrier translocase. Recent advances have shed light on the mechanisms of TOM translocase and TIM chaperone function, uncovered an unexpected versatility of the machineries, and revealed novel components and functional crosstalk of the human TIM22 translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Horten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Rampelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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31
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Pfanner N, Warscheid B, Wiedemann N. Mitochondrial proteins: from biogenesis to functional networks. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:267-284. [PMID: 30626975 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the viability of eukaryotic cells as they perform crucial functions in bioenergetics, metabolism and signalling and have been associated with numerous diseases. Recent functional and proteomic studies have revealed the remarkable complexity of mitochondrial protein organization. Protein machineries with diverse functions such as protein translocation, respiration, metabolite transport, protein quality control and the control of membrane architecture interact with each other in dynamic networks. In this Review, we discuss the emerging role of the mitochondrial protein import machinery as a key organizer of these mitochondrial protein networks. The preprotein translocases that reside on the mitochondrial membranes not only function during organelle biogenesis to deliver newly synthesized proteins to their final mitochondrial destination but also cooperate with numerous other mitochondrial protein complexes that perform a wide range of functions. Moreover, these protein networks form membrane contact sites, for example, with the endoplasmic reticulum, that are key for integration of mitochondria with cellular function, and defects in protein import can lead to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute of Biology II, Biochemistry - Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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32
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Gray MW, Burger G, Derelle R, Klimeš V, Leger MM, Sarrasin M, Vlček Č, Roger AJ, Eliáš M, Lang BF. The draft nuclear genome sequence and predicted mitochondrial proteome of Andalucia godoyi, a protist with the most gene-rich and bacteria-like mitochondrial genome. BMC Biol 2020; 18:22. [PMID: 32122349 PMCID: PMC7050145 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-0741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Comparative analyses have indicated that the mitochondrion of the last eukaryotic common ancestor likely possessed all the key core structures and functions that are widely conserved throughout the domain Eucarya. To date, such studies have largely focused on animals, fungi, and land plants (primarily multicellular eukaryotes); relatively few mitochondrial proteomes from protists (primarily unicellular eukaryotic microbes) have been examined. To gauge the full extent of mitochondrial structural and functional complexity and to identify potential evolutionary trends in mitochondrial proteomes, more comprehensive explorations of phylogenetically diverse mitochondrial proteomes are required. In this regard, a key group is the jakobids, a clade of protists belonging to the eukaryotic supergroup Discoba, distinguished by having the most gene-rich and most bacteria-like mitochondrial genomes discovered to date. Results In this study, we assembled the draft nuclear genome sequence for the jakobid Andalucia godoyi and used a comprehensive in silico approach to infer the nucleus-encoded portion of the mitochondrial proteome of this protist, identifying 864 candidate mitochondrial proteins. The A. godoyi mitochondrial proteome has a complexity that parallels that of other eukaryotes, while exhibiting an unusually large number of ancestral features that have been lost particularly in opisthokont (animal and fungal) mitochondria. Notably, we find no evidence that the A. godoyi nuclear genome has or had a gene encoding a single-subunit, T3/T7 bacteriophage-like RNA polymerase, which functions as the mitochondrial transcriptase in all eukaryotes except the jakobids. Conclusions As genome and mitochondrial proteome data have become more widely available, a strikingly punctuate phylogenetic distribution of different mitochondrial components has been revealed, emphasizing that the pathways of mitochondrial proteome evolution are likely complex and lineage-specific. Unraveling this complexity will require comprehensive comparative analyses of mitochondrial proteomes from a phylogenetically broad range of eukaryotes, especially protists. The systematic in silico approach described here offers a valuable adjunct to direct proteomic analysis (e.g., via mass spectrometry), particularly in cases where the latter approach is constrained by sample limitation or other practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Gray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Gertraud Burger
- Département de Biochimie and Robert-Cedergren Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Derelle
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vladimír Klimeš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michelle M Leger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matt Sarrasin
- Département de Biochimie and Robert-Cedergren Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Čestmír Vlček
- Current address: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J Roger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - B Franz Lang
- Département de Biochimie and Robert-Cedergren Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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33
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Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells. They consist of hundreds of different proteins that exhibit crucial activities in respiration, catabolic metabolism and the synthesis of amino acids, lipids, heme and iron-sulfur clusters. With the exception of a handful of hydrophobic mitochondrially encoded membrane proteins, all these proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes, targeted to receptors on the mitochondrial surface, and transported across or inserted into the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane before they are folded and assembled into their final native structure. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and components of the mitochondrial protein import systems with a particular focus on recent developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja G Hansen
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Johannes M Herrmann
- Cell Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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34
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Wei X, Du M, Xie J, Luo T, Zhou Y, Zhang K, Li J, Chen D, Xu P, Jia M, Zhou H, Fang H, Lyu J, Yang Y. Mutations in TOMM70 lead to multi-OXPHOS deficiencies and cause severe anemia, lactic acidosis, and developmental delay. J Hum Genet 2020; 65:231-240. [PMID: 31907385 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
TOM70 is a member of the TOM complex that transports cytosolic proteins into mitochondria. Here, we identified two compound heterozygous variants in TOMM70 [c.794C>T (p.T265M) and c.1745C>T (p.A582V)] from a patient with severe anemia, lactic acidosis, and developmental delay. Patient-derived immortalized lymphocytes showed decreased TOM70 expression, oligomerized TOM70 complex, and TOM 20/22/40 complex compared with expression in control lymphocytes. Functional analysis revealed that patient-derived cells exhibited multi-oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complex defects, with complex IV being primarily affected. As a result, patient-derived cells grew slower in galactose medium and generated less ATP and more extracellular lactic acid than did control cells. In vitro cell model compensatory experiments confirmed the pathogenicity of TOMM70 variants since only wild-type TOM70, but not mutant TOM70, could restore the complex IV defect and TOM70 expression in TOM70 knockdown U2OS cells. Altogether, we report the first case of mitochondrial disease-causing mutations in TOMM70 and demonstrate that TOM70 is essential for multi-OXPHOS assembly. Mutational screening of TOMM70 should be employed to identify mitochondrial disease-causing gene mutations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Du
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Manli Jia
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaibin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hezhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China.
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Kumar A, Matta SK, D'Silva P. Role of conserved regions of Tim22 in the structural organization of the carrier translocase. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs.244632. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.244632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis requires efficient sorting of various proteins into different mitochondrial sub-compartments mediated by dedicated protein machinery present in the outer and inner membrane. Among them, the TIM22 complex enables the integration of complex membrane proteins with internal targeting signals into the inner membrane. Although the Tim22 forms the core of the complex, the dynamic recruitment of subunits to the channel is still enigmatic. The present study first-time highlights that IMS and TM4 regions of Tim22 are critically required for the interaction of the membrane-embedded subunits including, Tim54, Tim18, and Sdh3, thereby maintain the functional architecture of TIM22 translocase. On the other hand, TM1 and TM2 regions of Tim22 are important for the Tim18 association, while TM3 is exclusively required for the Sdh3 interaction. Moreover, the impairment in TIM22 complex assembly influences its translocase activity, mitochondrial network, and the viability of cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Overall our findings provide compelling evidence to highlight the significance of conserved regions of Tim22 that are important for the maintenance of the TIM22 complex and mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Srujan Kumar Matta
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, New Biological Sciences Building, Indian Institute of Science, C V Raman Avenue, Bangalore-560012, India
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36
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Kang Y, Anderson AJ, Jackson TD, Palmer CS, De Souza DP, Fujihara KM, Stait T, Frazier AE, Clemons NJ, Tull D, Thorburn DR, McConville MJ, Ryan MT, Stroud DA, Stojanovski D. Function of hTim8a in complex IV assembly in neuronal cells provides insight into pathomechanism underlying Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome. eLife 2019; 8:48828. [PMID: 31682224 PMCID: PMC6861005 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Tim8a and Tim8b are members of an intermembrane space chaperone network, known as the small TIM family. Mutations in TIMM8A cause a neurodegenerative disease, Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome (MTS), which is characterised by sensorineural hearing loss, dystonia and blindness. Nothing is known about the function of hTim8a in neuronal cells or how mutation of this protein leads to a neurodegenerative disease. We show that hTim8a is required for the assembly of Complex IV in neurons, which is mediated through a transient interaction with Complex IV assembly factors, in particular the copper chaperone COX17. Complex IV assembly defects resulting from loss of hTim8a leads to oxidative stress and changes to key apoptotic regulators, including cytochrome c, which primes cells for death. Alleviation of oxidative stress with Vitamin E treatment rescues cells from apoptotic vulnerability. We hypothesise that enhanced sensitivity of neuronal cells to apoptosis is the underlying mechanism of MTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander J Anderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas Daniel Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Catherine S Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David P De Souza
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kenji M Fujihara
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tegan Stait
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ann E Frazier
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Clemons
- Division of Cancer Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deidreia Tull
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetic Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm J McConville
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael T Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David A Stroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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37
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Hoshino A, Wang WJ, Wada S, McDermott-Roe C, Evans CS, Gosis B, Morley MP, Rathi KS, Li J, Li K, Yang S, McManus MJ, Bowman C, Potluri P, Levin M, Damrauer S, Wallace DC, Holzbaur ELF, Arany Z. The ADP/ATP translocase drives mitophagy independent of nucleotide exchange. Nature 2019; 575:375-379. [PMID: 31618756 PMCID: PMC6858570 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis depends on mitophagy, the programmed degradation of mitochondria. Only a few proteins are known to participate in mitophagy. Here we develop a multidimensional CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen, using multiple mitophagy reporter systems and pro-mitophagy triggers, and identify numerous components of parkin-dependent mitophagy1. Unexpectedly, we find that the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) complex is required for mitophagy in several cell types. Whereas pharmacological inhibition of ANT-mediated ADP/ATP exchange promotes mitophagy, genetic ablation of ANT paradoxically suppresses mitophagy. Notably, ANT promotes mitophagy independently of its nucleotide translocase catalytic activity. Instead, the ANT complex is required for inhibition of the presequence translocase TIM23, which leads to stabilization of PINK1, in response to bioenergetic collapse. ANT modulates TIM23 indirectly via interaction with TIM44, which regulates peptide import through TIM232. Mice that lack ANT1 show blunted mitophagy and consequent profound accumulation of aberrant mitochondria. Disease-causing human mutations in ANT1 abrogate binding to TIM44 and TIM23 and inhibit mitophagy. Together, our findings show that ANT is an essential and fundamental mediator of mitophagy in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hoshino
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wei-Jia Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shogo Wada
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chris McDermott-Roe
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chantell S Evans
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bridget Gosis
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristina Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meagan J McManus
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Division of Human Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caitlyn Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prasanth Potluri
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Division of Human Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Scott Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Division of Human Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erika L F Holzbaur
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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38
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Callegari S, Müller T, Schulz C, Lenz C, Jans DC, Wissel M, Opazo F, Rizzoli SO, Jakobs S, Urlaub H, Rehling P, Deckers M. A MICOS-TIM22 Association Promotes Carrier Import into Human Mitochondria. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2835-2851. [PMID: 31103774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial membrane proteins with internal targeting signals are inserted into the inner membrane by the carrier translocase (TIM22 complex). For this, precursors have to be initially directed from the TOM complex in the outer mitochondrial membrane across the intermembrane space toward the TIM22 complex. How these two translocation processes are topologically coordinated is still unresolved. Using proteomic approaches, we find that the human TIM22 complex associates with the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. This association does not appear to be conserved in yeast, whereby the yeast MICOS complex instead interacts with the presequence translocase. Using a yeast mic10Δ strain and a HEK293T MIC10 knockout cell line, we characterize the role of MICOS for protein import into the mitochondrial inner membrane and matrix. We find that a physiological cristae organization promotes efficient import via the presequence pathway in yeast, while in human mitochondria, the MICOS complex is dispensable for protein import along the presequence pathway. However, in human mitochondria, the MICOS complex is required for the efficient import of carrier proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Our analyses suggest that in human mitochondria, positioning of the carrier translocase at the crista junction, and potentially in vicinity to the TOM complex, is required for efficient transport into the inner membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Müller
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christof Lenz
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel C Jans
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 11 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Wissel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, von-Siebold-Strasse 3a, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jakobs
- Department of NanoBiophotonics, Mitochondrial Structure and Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg, 11 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Bioanalytics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Markus Deckers
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Ellenrieder L, Dieterle MP, Doan KN, Mårtensson CU, Floerchinger A, Campo ML, Pfanner N, Becker T. Dual Role of Mitochondrial Porin in Metabolite Transport across the Outer Membrane and Protein Transfer to the Inner Membrane. Mol Cell 2019; 73:1056-1065.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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40
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Pacheu-Grau D, Callegari S, Emperador S, Thompson K, Aich A, Topol SE, Spencer EG, McFarland R, Ruiz-Pesini E, Torkamani A, Taylor RW, Montoya J, Rehling P. Mutations of the mitochondrial carrier translocase channel subunit TIM22 cause early-onset mitochondrial myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:4135-4144. [PMID: 30452684 PMCID: PMC6240735 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein import into mitochondria is facilitated by translocases within the outer and the inner mitochondrial membranes that are dedicated to a highly specific subset of client proteins. The mitochondrial carrier translocase (TIM22 complex) inserts multispanning proteins, such as mitochondrial metabolite carriers and translocase subunits (TIM23, TIM17A/B and TIM22), into the inner mitochondrial membrane. Both types of substrates are essential for mitochondrial metabolic function and biogenesis. Here, we report on a subject, diagnosed at 1.5 years, with a neuromuscular presentation, comprising hypotonia, gastroesophageal reflux disease and persistently elevated serum and Cerebrospinal fluid lactate (CSF). Patient fibroblasts displayed reduced oxidative capacity and altered mitochondrial morphology. Using trans-mitochondrial cybrid cell lines, we excluded a candidate variant in mitochondrial DNA as causative of these effects. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in the TIM22 gene (NM_013337), resulting in premature truncation in one allele (p.Tyr25Ter) and a point mutation in a conserved residue (p.Val33Leu), within the intermembrane space region, of the TIM22 protein in the second allele. Although mRNA transcripts of TIM22 were elevated, biochemical analyses revealed lower levels of TIM22 protein and an even greater deficiency of TIM22 complex formation. In agreement with a defect in carrier translocase function, carrier protein amounts in the inner membrane were found to be reduced. This is the first report of pathogenic variants in the TIM22 pore-forming subunit of the carrier translocase affecting the biogenesis of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins critical for metabolite exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pacheu-Grau
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37073, Germany
| | - Sylvie Callegari
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37073, Germany
| | - Sonia Emperador
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Kyle Thompson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Aich
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37073, Germany
| | - Sarah E Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Emily G Spencer
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Robert McFarland
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Julio Montoya
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza-CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, 50013, Spain
| | - Peter Rehling
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37073, Germany
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077, Göttingen, Germany
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41
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Heinemeyer T, Stemmet M, Bardien S, Neethling A. Underappreciated Roles of the Translocase of the Outer and Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Protein Complexes in Human Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 38:23-40. [PMID: 30481057 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular survival, and for their proper functioning, translocation of ∼1500 proteins across the mitochondrial membranes is required. The translocase of the outer (TOMM) and inner mitochondrial membrane (TIMM) complexes are major components of this translocation machinery. Through specific processes, preproteins and other molecules are imported, translocated, and directed to specific mitochondrial compartments for their function. In this study, we review the association of subunits of these complexes with human disease. Pathogenic mutations have been identified in the TIMM8A (DDP) and DNAJC19 (TIMM14) genes and are linked to Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy syndrome (with and without ataxia), respectively. Polymorphisms in TOMM40 have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, nonpathological cognitive aging, and various cardiovascular-related traits. Furthermore, reduced protein expression levels of several complex subunits have been associated with Parkinson's disease, Meniere's disease, and cardiovascular disorders. However, increased mRNA and protein levels of complex subunits are found in cancers. This review highlights the importance of the mitochondrial import machinery in human disease and stresses the need for further studies. Ultimately, this knowledge may prove to be critical for the development of therapeutic modalities for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Heinemeyer
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique Stemmet
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annika Neethling
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
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42
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Jin C, Bao J, Wang Y, Chen W, Wu T, Wang L, Lv X, Gao W, Wang B, Zhu G, Dai G, Sun W. Changes in long non-coding RNA expression profiles related to the antagonistic effects of Escherichia coli F17 on lamb spleens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16514. [PMID: 30410073 PMCID: PMC6224397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep colibacillosis is one of the most common bacterial diseases found at large-scale sheep farms. The aim of this study was to employ RNA-seq to screen differentially expressed (DE) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that impart antagonistic or sensitive effects on Escherichia coli F17. In this study, individuals who had antagonistic or sensitive responses to E. coli F17 were identified by feeding E. coli F17 strains to Hu lambs. The sensitive group had higher levels of intestinal bacteria than that in the antagonistic group (P < 0.05), the jejunum showed various levels of mucosal tissue damage and had a dark colour, and disintegration of part of the small intestinal villi was observed. Totals of 34 DE lncRNAs and 703 DE mRNAs in two groups were identified. qRT-PCR results for 12 randomly selected DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were consistent with the RNA-seq data. Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG Pathway enrichment and lncRNA-mRNA interaction analyses identified 6 co-expressed genes, namely, MYO1G, TIMM29, CARM1, ADGRB1, SEPT4, and DESI2. This is the first study that has performed expression profiling of lncRNAs in the spleen of antagonistic and sensitive lambs. The identification of DE lncRNAs can facilitate investigations into the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to diarrhoea in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyan Jin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Lv
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Buzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Xilaiyuan Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Dai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China. .,Joint international research laboratory of agriculture and agri - product safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
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43
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Mitochondrial diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondrial protein import. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1225-1238. [PMID: 30287509 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles which perform complex and varied functions within eukaryotic cells. Maintenance of mitochondrial health and functionality is thus a key cellular priority and relies on the organelle's extensive proteome. The mitochondrial proteome is largely encoded by nuclear genes, and mitochondrial proteins must be sorted to the correct mitochondrial sub-compartment post-translationally. This essential process is carried out by multimeric and dynamic translocation and sorting machineries, which can be found in all four mitochondrial compartments. Interestingly, advances in the diagnosis of genetic disease have revealed that mutations in various components of the human import machinery can cause mitochondrial disease, a heterogenous and often severe collection of disorders associated with energy generation defects and a multisystem presentation often affecting the cardiovascular and nervous systems. Here, we review our current understanding of mitochondrial protein import systems in human cells and the molecular basis of mitochondrial diseases caused by defects in these pathways.
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44
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Reyes A, Melchionda L, Burlina A, Robinson AJ, Ghezzi D, Zeviani M. Mutations in TIMM50 compromise cell survival in OxPhos-dependent metabolic conditions. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:emmm.201708698. [PMID: 30190335 PMCID: PMC6180300 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
TIMM50 is an essential component of the TIM23 complex, the mitochondrial inner membrane machinery that imports cytosolic proteins containing a mitochondrial targeting presequence into the mitochondrial inner compartment. Whole exome sequencing (WES) identified compound heterozygous pathogenic mutations in TIMM50 in an infant patient with rapidly progressive, severe encephalopathy. Patient fibroblasts presented low levels of TIMM50 and other components of the TIM23 complex, lower mitochondrial membrane potential, and impaired TIM23-dependent protein import. As a consequence, steady-state levels of several components of mitochondrial respiratory chain were decreased, resulting in decreased respiration and increased ROS production. Growth of patient fibroblasts in galactose shifted energy production metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), producing an apparent improvement in most of the above features but also increased apoptosis. Complementation of patient fibroblasts with TIMM50 improved or restored these features to control levels. Moreover, RNASEH1 and ISCU mutant fibroblasts only shared a few of these features with TIMM50 mutant fibroblasts. Our results indicate that mutations in TIMM50 cause multiple mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and that functional TIMM50 is essential for cell survival in OxPhos-dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Reyes
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Laura Melchionda
- Unit of Molecular NeurogeneticsFoundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute‐IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic DiseasesDepartment of PediatricsUniversity Hospital PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Alan J Robinson
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Daniele Ghezzi
- Unit of Molecular NeurogeneticsFoundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute‐IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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45
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Plant mitochondrial protein import: the ins and outs. Biochem J 2018; 475:2191-2208. [PMID: 30018142 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the mitochondrial proteome, required to fulfil its diverse range of functions, is cytosolically synthesised and translocated via specialised machinery. The dedicated translocases, receptors, and associated proteins have been characterised in great detail in yeast over the last several decades, yet many of the mechanisms that regulate these processes in higher eukaryotes are still unknown. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge of mitochondrial protein import in plants. Despite the fact that the mechanisms of mitochondrial protein import have remained conserved across species, many unique features have arisen in plants to encompass the developmental, tissue-specific, and stress-responsive regulation in planta. An understanding of unique features and mechanisms in plants provides us with a unique insight into the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in higher eukaryotes.
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46
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Williamson NA. Operational Experience of an Open-Access, Subscription-Based Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:439-446. [PMID: 29299836 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the successful adoption of a subscription-based, open-access model of service delivery for a mass spectrometry and proteomics facility. In 2009, the Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility at the University of Melbourne (Australia) moved away from the standard fee for service model of service provision. Instead, the facility adopted a subscription- or membership-based, open-access model of service delivery. For a low fixed yearly cost, users could directly operate the instrumentation but, more importantly, there were no limits on usage other than the necessity to share available instrument time with all other users. All necessary training from platform staff and many of the base reagents were also provided as part of the membership cost. These changes proved to be very successful in terms of financial outcomes for the facility, instrument access and usage, and overall research output. This article describes the systems put in place as well as the overall successes and challenges associated with the operation of a mass spectrometry/proteomics core in this manner. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Williamson
- The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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47
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Fukasawa Y, Oda T, Tomii K, Imai K. Origin and Evolutionary Alteration of the Mitochondrial Import System in Eukaryotic Lineages. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:1574-1586. [PMID: 28369657 PMCID: PMC5455965 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein transport systems are fundamentally important for maintaining mitochondrial function. Nevertheless, mitochondrial protein translocases such as the kinetoplastid ATOM complex have recently been shown to vary in eukaryotic lineages. Various evolutionary hypotheses have been formulated to explain this diversity. To resolve any contradiction, estimating the primitive state and clarifying changes from that state are necessary. Here, we present more likely primitive models of mitochondrial translocases, specifically the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) and translocase of the inner membrane (TIM) complexes, using scrutinized phylogenetic profiles. We then analyzed the translocases’ evolution in eukaryotic lineages. Based on those results, we propose a novel evolutionary scenario for diversification of the mitochondrial transport system. Our results indicate that presequence transport machinery was mostly established in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, and that primitive translocases already had a pathway for transporting presequence-containing proteins. Moreover, secondary changes including convergent and migrational gains of a presequence receptor in TOM and TIM complexes, respectively, likely resulted from constrained evolution. The nature of a targeting signal can constrain alteration to the protein transport complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fukasawa
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Oda
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tomii
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan.,Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Imai
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan.,Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Mårtensson CU, Becker T. Acylglycerol Kinase: Mitochondrial Protein Transport Meets Lipid Biosynthesis. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:700-702. [PMID: 28867158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The carrier translocase (TIM22 complex) inserts hydrophobic proteins into the mitochondrial inner membrane. Recently, the acylglycerol kinase (AGK) mutated in Sengers syndrome was identified as a novel subunit of the human TIM22 complex. This finding reveals an exciting link between mitochondrial protein and lipid biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph U Mårtensson
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Becker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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49
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Wenger C, Oeljeklaus S, Warscheid B, Schneider A, Harsman A. A trypanosomal orthologue of an intermembrane space chaperone has a non-canonical function in biogenesis of the single mitochondrial inner membrane protein translocase. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006550. [PMID: 28827831 PMCID: PMC5584982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein import is essential for Trypanosoma brucei across its life cycle and mediated by membrane-embedded heterooligomeric protein complexes, which mainly consist of trypanosomatid-specific subunits. However, trypanosomes contain orthologues of small Tim chaperones that escort hydrophobic proteins across the intermembrane space. Here we have experimentally analyzed three novel trypanosomal small Tim proteins, one of which contains only an incomplete Cx3C motif. RNAi-mediated ablation of TbERV1 shows that their import, as in other organisms, depends on the MIA pathway. Submitochondrial fractionation combined with immunoprecipitation and BN-PAGE reveals two pools of small Tim proteins: a soluble fraction forming 70 kDa complexes, consistent with hexamers and a second fraction that is tightly associated with the single trypanosomal TIM complex. RNAi-mediated ablation of the three proteins leads to a growth arrest and inhibits the formation of the TIM complex. In line with these findings, the changes in the mitochondrial proteome induced by ablation of one small Tim phenocopy the effects observed after ablation of TbTim17. Thus, the trypanosomal small Tims play an unexpected and essential role in the biogenesis of the single TIM complex, which for one of them is not linked to import of TbTim17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wenger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, Freiburg, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Anke Harsman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, Switzerland
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50
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Vukotic M, Nolte H, König T, Saita S, Ananjew M, Krüger M, Tatsuta T, Langer T. Acylglycerol Kinase Mutated in Sengers Syndrome Is a Subunit of the TIM22 Protein Translocase in Mitochondria. Mol Cell 2017; 67:471-483.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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