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Burg N, Malpass R, Alex L, Tran M, Englebrecht E, Kuo A, Pannelini T, Minett M, Athukorala K, Worgall T, Faust HJ, Goodman S, Mehta B, Brenner M, Vestweber D, Wei K, Blobel C, Hla T, Salmon JE. Endothelial cell sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 restrains VE-cadherin cleavage and attenuates experimental inflammatory arthritis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171467. [PMID: 38855867 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory mediators extravasate from blood into joints via gaps between endothelial cells (ECs), but the contribution of ECs is not known. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), widely expressed on ECs, maintains the vascular barrier. Here, we assessed the contribution of vascular integrity and EC S1PR1 signaling to joint damage in mice exposed to serum-induced arthritis (SIA). EC-specific deletion of S1PR1 or pharmacological blockade of S1PR1 promoted vascular leak and amplified SIA, whereas overexpression of EC S1PR1 or treatment with an S1PR1 agonist delayed SIA. Blockade of EC S1PR1 induced membrane metalloproteinase-dependent cleavage of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), a principal adhesion molecule that maintains EC junctional integrity. We identified a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase domain 10 (ADAM10) as the principal VE-cadherin "sheddase." Mice expressing a stabilized VE-cadherin construct had decreased extravascular VE-cadherin and vascular leakage in response to S1PR1 blockade, and they were protected from SIA. Importantly, patients with active rheumatoid arthritis had decreased circulating S1P and microvascular expression of S1PR1, suggesting a dysregulated S1P/S1PR1 axis favoring vascular permeability and vulnerability. We present a model in which EC S1PR1 signaling maintains homeostatic vascular barrier function by limiting VE-cadherin shedding mediated by ADAM10 and suggest this signaling axis as a therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Burg
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryan Malpass
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linda Alex
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miles Tran
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric Englebrecht
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tilla Worgall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Heather J Faust
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bella Mehta
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carl Blobel
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jane E Salmon
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Mannion AJ, Zhao H, Zhang Y, von Wright Y, Bergman O, Roy J, Saharinen P, Holmgren L. Regulation of YAP Promotor Accessibility in Endothelial Mechanotransduction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:666-689. [PMID: 38299356 PMCID: PMC10880945 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells are constantly exposed to mechanical forces in the form of fluid shear stress, extracellular stiffness, and cyclic strain. The mechanoresponsive activity of YAP (Yes-associated protein) and its role in vascular development are well described; however, whether changes to transcription or epigenetic regulation of YAP are involved in these processes remains unanswered. Furthermore, how mechanical forces are transduced to the nucleus to drive transcriptional reprogramming in endothelial cells is poorly understood. The YAP target gene, AmotL2 (angiomotin-like 2), is a junctional mechanotransducer that connects cell-cell junctions to the nuclear membrane via the actin cytoskeleton. METHODS We applied mechanical manipulations including shear flow, stretching, and substrate stiffness to endothelial cells to investigate the role of mechanical forces in modulating YAP transcription. Using in vitro and in vivo endothelial depletion of AmotL2, we assess nuclear morphology, chromatin organization (using transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing), and whole-mount immunofluorescent staining of the aorta to determine the regulation and functionality of YAP. Finally, we use genetic and chemical inhibition to uncouple the nuclear-cytoskeletal connection to investigate the role of this pathway on YAP transcription. RESULTS Our results reveal that mechanical forces sensed at cell-cell junctions by the YAP target gene AmotL2 are directly involved in changes in global chromatin accessibility and activity of the histone methyltransferase EZH2, leading to modulation of YAP promotor activity. Functionally, shear stress-induced proliferation of endothelial cells in vivo was reliant on AmotL2 and YAP/TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif) expression. Mechanistically, uncoupling of the nuclear-cytoskeletal connection from junctions and focal adhesions led to altered nuclear morphology, chromatin accessibility, and YAP promotor activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a role for AmotL2 and nuclear-cytoskeletal force transmission in modulating the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of YAP to maintain a mechano-enforced positive feedback loop of vascular homeostasis. These findings may offer an explanation as to the proinflammatory phenotype that leads to aneurysm formation observed in AmotL2 endothelial deletion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarren J. Mannion
- Departments of Oncology-Pathology (A.J.M., H.Z., Y.Z., L.H.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany (A.J.M.)
| | - Honglei Zhao
- Departments of Oncology-Pathology (A.J.M., H.Z., Y.Z., L.H.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Departments of Oncology-Pathology (A.J.M., H.Z., Y.Z., L.H.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva von Wright
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland (Y.v.W., P.S.)
| | - Otto Bergman
- Medicine (O.B.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joy Roy
- Molecular Medicine and Surgery (J.R.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (J.R.)
| | - Pipsa Saharinen
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland (Y.v.W., P.S.)
- Translational Cancer Medicine Program and Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.S.)
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Departments of Oncology-Pathology (A.J.M., H.Z., Y.Z., L.H.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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3
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Lin YC, Swendeman S, Moreira IS, Ghosh A, Kuo A, Rosário-Ferreira N, Guo S, Culbertson A, Levesque MV, Cartier A, Seno T, Schmaier A, Galvani S, Inoue A, Parikh SM, FitzGerald GA, Zurakowski D, Liao M, Flaumenhaft R, Gümüş ZH, Hla T. Designer high-density lipoprotein particles enhance endothelial barrier function and suppress inflammation. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg9256. [PMID: 38377179 PMCID: PMC10954247 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg9256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles promote endothelial cell (EC) function and suppress inflammation, but their utility in treating EC dysfunction has not been fully explored. Here, we describe a fusion protein named ApoA1-ApoM (A1M) consisting of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), the principal structural protein of HDL that forms lipid nanoparticles, and ApoM, a chaperone for the bioactive lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). A1M forms HDL-like particles, binds to S1P, and is signaling competent. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the S1P-bound ApoM moiety in A1M efficiently activated EC surface receptors. Treatment of human umbilical vein ECs with A1M-S1P stimulated barrier function either alone or cooperatively with other barrier-enhancing molecules, including the stable prostacyclin analog iloprost, and suppressed cytokine-induced inflammation. A1M-S1P injection into mice during sterile inflammation suppressed neutrophil influx and inflammatory mediator secretion. Moreover, systemic A1M administration led to a sustained increase in circulating HDL-bound S1P and suppressed inflammation in a murine model of LPS-induced endotoxemia. We propose that A1M administration may enhance vascular endothelial barrier function, suppress cytokine storm, and promote resilience of the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chien Lin
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Steven Swendeman
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Avishek Ghosh
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nícia Rosário-Ferreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Alan Culbertson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michel V. Levesque
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Takahiro Seno
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alec Schmaier
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sylvain Galvani
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Samir M. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology and Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75235, USA
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maofu Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | | | - Zeynep H. Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA and Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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4
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Payne S, Neal A, De Val S. Transcription factors regulating vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:28-58. [PMID: 36795082 PMCID: PMC10952167 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating the dynamic and precise patterns of gene expression required for the initial specification of endothelial cells (ECs), and during endothelial growth and differentiation. While sharing many core features, ECs can be highly heterogeneous. Differential gene expression between ECs is essential to pattern the hierarchical vascular network into arteries, veins and capillaries, to drive angiogenic growth of new vessels, and to direct specialization in response to local signals. Unlike many other cell types, ECs have no single master regulator, instead relying on differing combinations of a necessarily limited repertoire of TFs to achieve tight spatial and temporal activation and repression of gene expression. Here, we will discuss the cohort of TFs known to be involved in directing gene expression during different stages of mammalian vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, with a primary focus on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Payne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alice Neal
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah De Val
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
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5
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Baluk P, Shirakura K, Vestweber D, McDonald DM. Heterogeneity of endothelial VE-PTP downstream polarization, Tie2 activation, junctional claudin-5, and permeability in the aorta and vena cava. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 395:81-103. [PMID: 38032480 PMCID: PMC10774230 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of mammalian blood vessels have multiple levels of heterogeneity along the vascular tree and among different organs. Further heterogeneity results from blood flow turbulence and variations in shear stress. In the aorta, vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP), which dephosphorylates tyrosine kinase receptor Tie2 in the plasma membrane, undergoes downstream polarization and endocytosis in endothelial cells exposed to laminar flow and high shear stress. VE-PTP sequestration promotes Tie2 phosphorylation at tyrosine992 and endothelial barrier tightening. The present study characterized the heterogeneity of VE-PTP polarization, Tie2-pY992 and total Tie2, and claudin-5 in anatomically defined regions of endothelial cells in the mouse descending thoracic aorta, where laminar flow is variable and IgG extravasation is patchy. We discovered that VE-PTP and Tie2-pY992 had mosaic patterns, unlike the uniform distribution of total Tie2. Claudin-5 at tight junctions also had a mosaic pattern, whereas VE-cadherin at adherens junctions bordered all endothelial cells. Importantly, the amounts of Tie2-pY992 and claudin-5 in aortic endothelial cells correlated with downstream polarization of VE-PTP. VE-PTP and Tie2-pY992 also had mosaic patterns in the vena cava, but claudin-5 was nearly absent and extravasated IgG was ubiquitous. Correlation of Tie2-pY992 and claudin-5 with VE-PTP polarization supports their collective interaction in the regulation of endothelial barrier function in the aorta, yet differences between the aorta and vena cava indicate additional flow-related determinants of permeability. Together, the results highlight new levels of endothelial cell functional mosaicism in the aorta and vena cava, where blood flow dynamics are well known to be heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baluk
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA
| | - Keisuke Shirakura
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Donald M McDonald
- Department of Anatomy, Cardiovascular Research Institute, and UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Room S1349, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0452, USA.
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6
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Mannion AJ, Holmgren L. Nuclear mechanosensing of the aortic endothelium in health and disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050361. [PMID: 37909406 PMCID: PMC10629673 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium, the monolayer of endothelial cells that line blood vessels, is exposed to a number of mechanical forces, including frictional shear flow, pulsatile stretching and changes in stiffness influenced by extracellular matrix composition. These forces are sensed by mechanosensors that facilitate their transduction to drive appropriate adaptation of the endothelium to maintain vascular homeostasis. In the aorta, the unique architecture of the vessel gives rise to changes in the fluid dynamics, which, in turn, shape cellular morphology, nuclear architecture, chromatin dynamics and gene regulation. In this Review, we discuss recent work focusing on how differential mechanical forces exerted on endothelial cells are sensed and transduced to influence their form and function in giving rise to spatial variation to the endothelium of the aorta. We will also discuss recent developments in understanding how nuclear mechanosensing is implicated in diseases of the aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarren J. Mannion
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 64, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 64, Sweden
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7
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Weigel C, Bellaci J, Spiegel S. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptors in vascular endothelial and lymphatic barrier function. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104775. [PMID: 37142226 PMCID: PMC10220486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular and lymphatic systems both comprise a series of structurally distinct vessels lined with an inner layer of endothelial cells that function to provide a semipermeable barrier to blood and lymph. Regulation of the endothelial barrier is critical for maintaining vascular and lymphatic barrier homeostasis. One of the regulators of endothelial barrier function and integrity is sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite secreted into the blood by erythrocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells and into the lymph by lymph endothelial cells. Binding of S1P to its G protein-coupled receptors, known as S1PR1-5, regulates its pleiotropic functions. This review outlines the structural and functional differences between vascular and lymphatic endothelium and describes current understanding of the importance of S1P/S1PR signaling in regulation of barrier functions. Most studies thus far have been primarily focused on the role of the S1P/S1PR1 axis in vasculature and have been summarized in several excellent reviews, and thus, we will only discuss new perspectives on the molecular mechanisms of action of S1P and its receptors. Much less is known about the responses of the lymphatic endothelium to S1P and the functions of S1PRs in lymph endothelial cells, and this is the major focus of this review. We also discuss current knowledge related to signaling pathways and factors regulated by the S1P/S1PR axis that control lymphatic endothelial cell junctional integrity. Gaps and limitations in current knowledge are highlighted together with the need to further understand the role of S1P receptors in the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bellaci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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8
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Shimizu T, Hara M, Yatomi Y. Apolipoprotein M/sphingosine 1-phosphate protects against diabetic nephropathy. Transl Res 2023:S1931-5244(23)00024-5. [PMID: 36805561 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy remains a common cause of end-stage renal failure and its associated mortality around the world. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a multifunctional lipid mediator and binds to HDL via apolipoprotein M (ApoM). Since HDL has been reported to be epidemiologically associated with kidney disease, we attempted to investigate the involvement of the ApoM/S1P axis in the pathogenesis/progression of diabetic nephropathy. In type 2 diabetic patients, the serum ApoM levels were inversely correlated with the clinical stage of diabetic nephropathy. The decline in the eGFR over a 5-year observation period proceeded more rapidly in subjects with lower serum ApoM levels. In a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, deletion of ApoM deteriorated the phenotypes of diabetic nephropathy: the urinary albumin and plasma creatinine levels increased, the kidneys enlarged, and renal fibrosis and thickening of the basement membrane progressed. On the other hand, overexpression of ApoM ameliorated these phenotypes. These protective effects of ApoM were partially inhibited by treatment with VPC23019, an antagonist of S1P1 and S1P3, but not by treatment with JTE013, an antagonist of S1P2. ApoM/S1P axis attenuated activation of the Smad3 pathway, while augmented eNOS phosphorylation through the S1P1 pathway. Moreover, ApoM/S1P increased the SIRT1 protein levels and enhanced mitochondrial functions by increasing the S1P content of the cell membrane, which might cause selective activation of S1P1. ApoM might be a useful biomarker for predicting the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and the ApoM/S1P-S1P1 axis might serve as a novel therapeutic target for preventing the development/progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and 5Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomo Shimizu
- Tsukuba Research Institute, Research & Development Division, Sekisui Medical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and 5Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Levesque MV, Hla T. Signal Transduction and Gene Regulation in the Endothelium. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:cshperspect.a041153. [PMID: 35667710 PMCID: PMC9722983 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signals act on G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate homeostasis and adapt to stress. This involves rapid intracellular post-translational responses and long-lasting gene-expression changes that ultimately determine cellular phenotype and fate changes. The lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its receptors (S1PRs) are examples of well-studied GPCR signaling axis essential for vascular development, homeostasis, and diseases. The biochemical cascades involved in rapid S1P signaling are well understood. However, gene-expression regulation by S1PRs are less understood. In this review, we focus our attention to how S1PRs regulate nuclear chromatin changes and gene transcription to modulate vascular and lymphatic endothelial phenotypic changes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Because S1PR-targeted drugs approved for use in the treatment of autoimmune diseases cause substantial vascular-related adverse events, these findings are critical not only for general understanding of stimulus-evoked gene regulation in the vascular endothelium, but also for therapeutic development of drugs for autoimmune and perhaps vascular diseases.
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10
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Sakai E, Yatomi Y. Differences in the Distribution of Ceramides and Sphingosine among Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein-Depleted Fractions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:1727-1758. [PMID: 35082227 PMCID: PMC9881536 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In addition to the quantity and quality, the carriers, such as lipoproteins and albumin, can affect the physiological properties and clinical significance of lipids. This study aimed to elucidate the modulation of the levels of ceramides and sphingosine, which are considered as proatherosclerotic lipids, in lipoproteins and lipoprotein-depleted fractions in subjects with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We separated the serum samples collected from healthy subjects (n=22) and subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=39) into Triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lipoprotein-depleted fractions via ultracentrifugation. Then, we measured the levels of six species of ceramides, sphingosine, and dihydrosphingosine via LC-MS/MS and statistically analyzed them to identify the sphingolipids in each fraction, which are associated with diabetes as well as cardiovascular and renal complications. RESULTS In subjects with diabetes, the levels of sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine in the TRL, LDL, and lipoprotein-depleted fractions were higher, whereas those in the HDL were lower. In addition, the ceramide levels in HDL were lower, whereas those in lipoprotein-depleted fractions were higher. Furthermore, The levels of ceramides in lipoproteins, especially LDL, were negatively associated with the presence of cardiovascular diseases and stage 4 diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS The contents of ceramides and sphingosine in lipoproteins and lipoprotein-depleted fractions were differently modulated in diabetes and associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetic nephropathy. The carrier might be an important factor for the biological properties and clinical significance of these sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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D'Amato G, Phansalkar R, Naftaly JA, Fan X, Amir ZA, Rios Coronado PE, Cowley DO, Quinn KE, Sharma B, Caron KM, Vigilante A, Red-Horse K. Endocardium-to-coronary artery differentiation during heart development and regeneration involves sequential roles of Bmp2 and Cxcl12/Cxcr4. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2517-2532.e6. [PMID: 36347256 PMCID: PMC9833645 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endocardial cells lining the heart lumen are coronary vessel progenitors during embryogenesis. Re-igniting this developmental process in adults could regenerate blood vessels lost during cardiac injury, but this requires additional knowledge of molecular mechanisms. Here, we use mouse genetics and scRNA-seq to identify regulators of endocardial angiogenesis and precisely assess the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling. Time-specific lineage tracing demonstrated that endocardial cells differentiated into coronary endothelial cells primarily at mid-gestation. A new mouse line reporting CXCR4 activity-along with cell-specific gene deletions-demonstrated it was specifically required for artery morphogenesis rather than angiogenesis. Integrating scRNA-seq data of endocardial-derived coronary vessels from mid- and late-gestation identified a Bmp2-expressing transitioning population specific to mid-gestation. Bmp2 stimulated endocardial angiogenesis in vitro and in injured neonatal mouse hearts. Our data demonstrate how understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying endocardial angiogenesis can identify new potential therapeutic targets promoting revascularization of the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano D'Amato
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ragini Phansalkar
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaochen Fan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhainib A Amir
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Dale O Cowley
- Animal Models Core, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kelsey E Quinn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Bikram Sharma
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alessandra Vigilante
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine & Institute for Liver Studies, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Integrating epigenetics and metabolomics to advance treatments for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115245. [PMID: 36096239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating vascular disease with multiple etiologies. Emerging evidence supports a fundamental role for epigenetic machinery and metabolism in the initiation and progression of PAH. Here, we summarize emerging epigenetic mechanisms that have been identified as contributors to PAH evolution, specifically, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs. Furthermore, the interplay between epigenetics with metabolism is explored while new crosstalk targets to be investigated in PAH are proposed that highlight multi-omics strategies including integrated epigenomics and metabolomics. Therapeutic opportunities and challenges associated with epigenetics and metabolomics in PAH are examined, highlighting the role that epigenetics and metabolomics have in facilitating early detection, personalized dietary plans, and advanced drug therapy for PAH.
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13
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Souilhol C, Tardajos Ayllon B, Li X, Diagbouga MR, Zhou Z, Canham L, Roddie H, Pirri D, Chambers EV, Dunning MJ, Ariaans M, Li J, Fang Y, Jørgensen HF, Simons M, Krams R, Waltenberger J, Fragiadaki M, Ridger V, De Val S, Francis SE, Chico TJA, Serbanovic-Canic J, Evans PC. JAG1-NOTCH4 mechanosensing drives atherosclerosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo7958. [PMID: 36044575 PMCID: PMC9432841 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) sensing of disturbed blood flow triggers atherosclerosis, a disease of arteries that causes heart attack and stroke, through poorly defined mechanisms. The Notch pathway plays a central role in blood vessel growth and homeostasis, but its potential role in sensing of disturbed flow has not been previously studied. Here, we show using porcine and murine arteries and cultured human coronary artery EC that disturbed flow activates the JAG1-NOTCH4 signaling pathway. Light-sheet imaging revealed enrichment of JAG1 and NOTCH4 in EC of atherosclerotic plaques, and EC-specific genetic deletion of Jag1 (Jag1ECKO) demonstrated that Jag1 promotes atherosclerosis at sites of disturbed flow. Mechanistically, single-cell RNA sequencing in Jag1ECKO mice demonstrated that Jag1 suppresses subsets of ECs that proliferate and migrate. We conclude that JAG1-NOTCH4 sensing of disturbed flow enhances atherosclerosis susceptibility by regulating EC heterogeneity and that therapeutic targeting of this pathway may treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Souilhol
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Blanca Tardajos Ayllon
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Xiuying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, LuZhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mannekomba R. Diagbouga
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lindsay Canham
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Roddie
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniela Pirri
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emily V. Chambers
- Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark J. Dunning
- Sheffield Bioinformatics Core, Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Ariaans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jin Li
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Biological Sciences Division, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Helle F. Jørgensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Simons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rob Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Hirslanden Klinik im Park, Cardiovascular Medicine, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Heart Center AG, 8002 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Fragiadaki
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sarah De Val
- BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sheila E. Francis
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy JA Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jovana Serbanovic-Canic
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul C. Evans
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, INSIGNEO Institute for In Silico Medicine, and the Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Splice factor polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) primes endothelial inflammation in atherogenic disturbed flow conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122227119. [PMID: 35858420 PMCID: PMC9335344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122227119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Plaque forms in low and disturbed flow regions of the vasculature, where platelets adhere and endothelial cells are “primed” to respond to cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α) with elevated levels of cell adhesion molecules via the NF-κB signaling pathway. We show that the splice factor polypyrimidine tract binding protein (Ptbp1; purple) mediates priming. Ptbp1 is induced in endothelial cells by platelet recruitment, promoting priming and subsequent myeloid cell infiltration into plaque. Mechanistically, Ptbp1 regulates splicing of genes (e.g., Ripk1) involved in the NF-κB signaling pathway and is required for efficient nuclear translocation of NF-κB in endothelial cells. This provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying an endothelial priming process that reinforces vascular inflammation. NF-κB–mediated endothelial activation drives leukocyte recruitment and atherosclerosis, in part through adhesion molecules Icam1 and Vcam1. The endothelium is primed for cytokine activation of NF-κB by exposure to low and disturbed blood flow (LDF)but the molecular underpinnings are not fully understood. In an experimental in vivo model of LDF, platelets were required for the increased expression of several RNA-binding splice factors, including polypyrimidine tract binding protein (Ptbp1). This was coordinated with changes in RNA splicing in the NF-κB pathway in primed cells, leading us to examine splice factors as mediators of priming. Using Icam1 and Vcam1 induction by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α stimulation as a readout, we performed a CRISPR Cas9 knockout screen and identified a requirement for Ptbp1 in priming. Deletion of Ptbp1 had no effect on cell growth or response to apoptotic stimuli, but reversed LDF splicing patterns and inhibited NF-κB nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation of downstream targets, including Icam1 and Vcam1. In human coronary arteries, elevated PTBP1 correlates with expression of TNF pathway genes and plaque. In vivo, endothelial-specific deletion of Ptbp1 reduced Icam1 expression and myeloid cell infiltration at regions of LDF in atherosclerotic mice, limiting atherosclerosis. This may be mediated, in part, by allowing inclusion of a conserved alternative exon in Ripk1 leading to a reduction in Ripk1 protein. Our data show that Ptbp1, which is induced in a subset of the endothelium by platelet recruitment at regions of LDF, is required for priming of the endothelium for subsequent NF-κB activation, myeloid cell recruitment and atherosclerosis.
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15
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Yazbeck P, Cullere X, Bennett P, Yajnik V, Wang H, Kawada K, Davis V, Parikh A, Kuo A, Mysore V, Hla T, Milstone D, Mayadas TN. DOCK4 Regulation of Rho GTPases Mediates Pulmonary Vascular Barrier Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:886-902. [PMID: 35477279 PMCID: PMC9233130 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular endothelium maintains tissue-fluid homeostasis by controlling the passage of large molecules and fluid between the blood and interstitial space. The interaction of catenins and the actin cytoskeleton with VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin) is the primary mechanism for stabilizing AJs (adherens junctions), thereby preventing lung vascular barrier disruption. Members of the Rho (Ras homology) family of GTPases and conventional GEFs (guanine exchange factors) of these GTPases have been demonstrated to play important roles in regulating endothelial permeability. Here, we evaluated the role of DOCK4 (dedicator of cytokinesis 4)-an unconventional Rho family GTPase GEF in vascular function. METHODS We generated mice deficient in DOCK4' used DOCK4 silencing and reconstitution approaches in human pulmonary artery endothelial cells' used assays to evaluate protein localization, endothelial cell permeability, and small GTPase activation. RESULTS Our data show that DOCK4-deficient mice are viable. However, these mice have hemorrhage selectively in the lung, incomplete smooth muscle cell coverage in pulmonary vessels, increased basal microvascular permeability, and impaired response to S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate)-induced reversal of thrombin-induced permeability. Consistent with this, DOCK4 rapidly translocates to the cell periphery and associates with the detergent-insoluble fraction following S1P treatment, and its absence prevents S1P-induced Rac-1 activation and enhancement of barrier function. Moreover, DOCK4-silenced pulmonary artery endothelial cells exhibit enhanced basal permeability in vitro that is associated with enhanced Rho GTPase activation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that DOCK4 maintains AJs necessary for lung vascular barrier function by establishing the normal balance between RhoA (Ras homolog family member A) and Rac-1-mediated actin cytoskeleton remodeling, a previously unappreciated function for the atypical GEF family of molecules. Our studies also identify S1P as a potential upstream regulator of DOCK4 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Yazbeck
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xavier Cullere
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Paul Bennett
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Vijay Yajnik
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02445
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02445
| | - Vanessa Davis
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Asit Parikh
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02445
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 20115
| | - Vijayashree Mysore
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 20115
| | - David Milstone
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Tanya N. Mayadas
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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16
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Spampinato SF, Sortino MA, Salomone S. Sphingosine-1-phosphate and Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors in the cardiovascular system: pharmacology and clinical implications. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:95-139. [PMID: 35659378 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid that binds and activates five distinct receptor subtypes, S1P1, S1P2, S1P3, S1P4, S1P5, widely expressed in different cells, tissues and organs. In the cardiovascular system these receptors have been extensively studied, but no drug acting on them has been approved so far for treating cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, a number of S1P receptor agonists are approved as immunomodulators, mainly for multiple sclerosis, because of their action on lymphocyte trafficking. This chapter summarizes the available information on S1P receptors in the cardiovascular system and discusses their potential for treating cardiovascular conditions and/or their role on the clinical pharmacology of drugs so far approved for non-cardiovascular conditions. Basic research has recently produced data useful to understand the molecular pharmacology of S1P and S1P receptors, regarding biased agonism, S1P storage, release and vehiculation and chaperoning by lipoproteins, paracrine actions, intracellular non-receptorial S1P actions. On the other hand, the approval of fingolimod and newer generation S1P receptor ligands as immunomodulators, provides information on a number of clinical observations on the impact of these drugs on cardiovascular system which need to be integrated with preclinical data. S1P receptors are potential targets for prevention and treatment of major cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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17
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Panara V, Monteiro R, Koltowska K. Epigenetic Regulation of Endothelial Cell Lineages During Zebrafish Development-New Insights From Technical Advances. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:891538. [PMID: 35615697 PMCID: PMC9125237 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.891538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation is integral in orchestrating the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression which underlies tissue development. The emergence of new tools to assess genome-wide epigenetic modifications has enabled significant advances in the field of vascular biology in zebrafish. Zebrafish represents a powerful model to investigate the activity of cis-regulatory elements in vivo by combining technologies such as ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq and CUT&Tag with the generation of transgenic lines and live imaging to validate the activity of these regulatory elements. Recently, this approach led to the identification and characterization of key enhancers of important vascular genes, such as gata2a, notch1b and dll4. In this review we will discuss how the latest technologies in epigenetics are being used in the zebrafish to determine chromatin states and assess the function of the cis-regulatory sequences that shape the zebrafish vascular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Panara
- Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,Birmingham Centre of Genome Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Koltowska
- Immunology Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,*Correspondence: Katarzyna Koltowska,
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18
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Hu Y, Dai K. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Metabolism and Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:67-76. [PMID: 35503175 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a well-defined bioactive lipid molecule derived from membrane sphingolipid metabolism. In the past decades, a series of key enzymes involved in generation of S1P have been identified and characterized in detail, as well as enzymes degrading S1P. S1P requires transporter to cross the plasma membrane and carrier to deliver to its cognate receptors and therefore transduces signaling in autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine fashions. The essential roles in regulation of development, metabolism, inflammation, and many other aspects of life are mainly executed when S1P binds to receptors provoking the downstream signaling cascades in distinct cells. This chapter will review the synthesis, degradation, transportation, and signaling of S1P and try to provide a comprehensive view of the biology of S1P, evoking new enthusiasms and ideas into the field of the fascinating S1P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kezhi Dai
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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19
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Mussbacher M, Schossleitner K, Kral-Pointner JB, Salzmann M, Schrammel A, Schmid JA. More than Just a Monolayer: the Multifaceted Role of Endothelial Cells in the Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:483-492. [PMID: 35404040 PMCID: PMC9162978 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the Review In this review, we summarize current insights into the versatile roles of endothelial cells in atherogenesis. Recent Findings The vascular endothelium represents the first barrier that prevents the entry of lipoproteins and leukocytes into the vessel wall, thereby controlling two key events in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Disturbance of endothelial homeostasis increases vascular permeability, inflammation, and cellular trans-differentiation, which not only promotes the build-up of atherosclerotic plaques but is also involved in life-threatening thromboembolic complications such as plaque rupture and erosion. In this review, we focus on recent findings on endothelial lipoprotein transport, inflammation, cellular transitions, and barrier function. Summary By using cutting-edge technologies such as single-cell sequencing, epigenetics, and cell fate mapping, novel regulatory mechanisms and endothelial cell phenotypes have been discovered, which have not only challenged established concepts of endothelial activation, but have also led to a different view of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Department of Dermatology, Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia B Kral-Pointner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine II/Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schrammel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University Vienna, Schwarzspanierstr. 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Malhi NK, Luo Y, Tang X, Sriram K, Calandrelli R, Zhong S, Chen ZB. Isolation and Profiling of Human Primary Mesenteric Arterial Endothelial Cells at the Transcriptome Level. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63307. [PMID: 35343966 PMCID: PMC9180814 DOI: 10.3791/63307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial for vascular and whole-body function through their dynamic response to environmental cues. Elucidating the transcriptome and epigenome of ECs is paramount to understanding their roles in development, health, and disease, but is limited in the availability of isolated primary cells. Recent technologies have enabled the high-throughput profiling of EC transcriptome and epigenome, leading to the identification of previously unknown EC cell subpopulations and developmental trajectories. While EC cultures are a useful tool in the exploration of EC function and dysfunction, the culture conditions and multiple passages can introduce external variables that alter the properties of native EC, including morphology, epigenetic state, and gene expression program. To overcome this limitation, the present paper demonstrates a method of isolating human primary ECs from donor mesenteric arteries aiming to capture their native state. ECs in the intimal layer are dissociated mechanically and biochemically with the use of particular enzymes. The resultant cells can be directly used for bulk RNA or single-cell RNA-sequencing or plated for culture. In addition, a workflow is described for the preparation of human arterial tissue for spatial transcriptomics, specifically for a commercially available platform, although this method is also suitable for other spatial transcriptome profiling techniques. This methodology can be applied to different vessels collected from a variety of donors in health or disease states to gain insights into EC transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, a pivotal aspect of endothelial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yingjun Luo
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope
| | - Kiran Sriram
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope
| | | | - Sheng Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope;
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21
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Abstract
Lysophospholipids, exemplified by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are produced by the metabolism and perturbation of biological membranes. Both molecules are established extracellular lipid mediators that signal via specific G protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates. This widespread signaling axis regulates the development, physiological functions, and pathological processes of all organ systems. Indeed, recent research into LPA and S1P has revealed their important roles in cellular stress signaling, inflammation, resolution, and host defense responses. In this review, we focus on how LPA regulates fibrosis, neuropathic pain, abnormal angiogenesis, endometriosis, and disorders of neuroectodermal development such as hydrocephalus and alopecia. In addition, we discuss how S1P controls collective behavior, apoptotic cell clearance, and immunosurveillance of cancers. Advances in lysophospholipid research have led to new therapeutics in autoimmune diseases, with many more in earlier stages of development for a wide variety of diseases, such as fibrotic disorders, vascular diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; , .,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; , .,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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22
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity and Functional Diversity of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111976. [PMID: 34769408 PMCID: PMC8584409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) line the lymphatic vasculature and play a central role in the immune response. LECs have abilities to regulate immune transport, to promote immune cell survival, and to cross present antigens to dendritic cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA) technology has accelerated new discoveries in the field of lymphatic vascular biology. This review will summarize these new findings in regard to embryonic development, LEC heterogeneity with associated functional diversity, and interactions with other cells. Depending on the organ, location in the lymphatic vascular tree, and micro-environmental conditions, LECs feature unique properties and tasks. Furthermore, adjacent stromal cells need the support of LECs for fulfilling their tasks in the immune response, such as immune cell transport and antigen presentation. Although aberrant lymphatic vasculature has been observed in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, the knowledge on LEC heterogeneity and functional diversity in these diseases is limited. Combining scRNA sequencing data with imaging and more in-depth functional experiments will advance our knowledge of LECs in health and disease. Building the case, the LEC could be put forward as a new therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases, counterweighting the current immune-cell focused therapies.
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23
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Anwar M, Amin MR, Balaji Ragunathrao VA, Matsche J, Karginov A, Minshall RD, Mo GCH, Komarova Y, Mehta D. Tyrosine phosphorylation of S1PR1 leads to chaperone BiP-mediated import to the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212707. [PMID: 34652421 PMCID: PMC8562845 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202006021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), upon agonist binding, undergo serine–threonine phosphorylation, leading to either receptor recycling or degradation. Here, we show a new fate of GPCRs, exemplified by ER retention of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1). We show that S1P phosphorylates S1PR1 on tyrosine residue Y143, which is associated with recruitment of activated BiP from the ER into the cytosol. BiP then interacts with endocytosed Y143-S1PR1 and delivers it into the ER. In contrast to WT-S1PR1, which is recycled and stabilizes the endothelial barrier, phosphomimicking S1PR1 (Y143D-S1PR1) is retained by BiP in the ER and increases cytosolic Ca2+ and disrupts barrier function. Intriguingly, a proinflammatory, but non-GPCR agonist, TNF-α, also triggered barrier-disruptive signaling by promoting S1PR1 phosphorylation on Y143 and its import into ER via BiP. BiP depletion restored Y143D-S1PR1 expression on the endothelial cell surface and rescued canonical receptor functions. Findings identify Y143-phosphorylated S1PR1 as a potential target for prevention of endothelial barrier breakdown under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Md Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vijay Avin Balaji Ragunathrao
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Andrei Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Gary C H Mo
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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24
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Akbari E, Spychalski GB, Menyhert MM, Rangharajan KK, Tinapple JW, Prakash S, Song JW. Endothelial barrier function is co-regulated at vessel bifurcations by fluid forces and sphingosine-1-phosphate. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 3:100020. [PMID: 35317095 PMCID: PMC8936769 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid mediator of endothelial barrier function. Prior studies have implicated mechanical stimulation due to intravascular laminar shear stress in co-regulating S1P signaling in endothelial cells (ECs). Yet, vascular networks in vivo consist of vessel bifurcations, and this geometry generates hemodynamic forces at the bifurcation point distinct from laminar shear stress. However, the role of these forces at vessel bifurcations in regulating S1P-dependent endothelial barrier function is not known. In this study, we implemented a microfluidic platform that recapitulates the flow dynamics of vessel bifurcations with in situ quantification of the permeability of microvessel analogues. Co-application of S1P with impinging bifurcated fluid flow, which is characterized by approximately zero shear stress and 38 dyn•cm-2 stagnation pressure at the vessel bifurcation point, promotes vessel stabilization. Similarly, co-treatment of S1P with 3 dyn•cm-2 laminar shear stress is also protective of endothelial barrier function. Moreover, it is shown that vessel stabilization due to bifurcated fluid flow and laminar shear stress is dependent on S1P receptor 1 or 2 signaling. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the endothelium-protective function of fluid forces at vessel bifurcations and their involvement in coordinating S1P-dependent regulation of vessel permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Akbari
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Griffin B. Spychalski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Miles M. Menyhert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Kaushik K. Rangharajan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Joseph W. Tinapple
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Shaurya Prakash
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
| | - Jonathan W. Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, 43210
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25
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Kon V, Yang HC, Smith LE, Vickers KC, Linton MF. High-Density Lipoproteins in Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158201. [PMID: 34360965 PMCID: PMC8348850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of epidemiological studies have established the strong inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration and cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence suggests that HDL particle functions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions, and cholesterol efflux capacity may be more strongly associated with cardiovascular disease protection than HDL cholesterol concentration. These HDL functions are also relevant in non-cardiovascular diseases, including acute and chronic kidney disease. This review examines our current understanding of the kidneys’ role in HDL metabolism and homeostasis, and the effect of kidney disease on HDL composition and functionality. Additionally, the roles of HDL particles, proteins, and small RNA cargo on kidney cell function and on the development and progression of both acute and chronic kidney disease are examined. The effect of HDL protein modification by reactive dicarbonyls, including malondialdehyde and isolevuglandin, which form adducts with apolipoprotein A-I and impair proper HDL function in kidney disease, is also explored. Finally, the potential to develop targeted therapies that increase HDL concentration or functionality to improve acute or chronic kidney disease outcomes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Kon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (V.K.); (H.-C.Y.)
| | - Hai-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (V.K.); (H.-C.Y.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Loren E. Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Kasey C. Vickers
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Stone OA, Zhou B, Red-Horse K, Stainier DYR. Endothelial ontogeny and the establishment of vascular heterogeneity. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100036. [PMID: 34145927 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of distinct cellular identities was pivotal during the evolution of Metazoa, enabling the emergence of an array of specialized tissues with different functions. In most animals including vertebrates, cell specialization occurs in response to a combination of intrinsic (e.g., cellular ontogeny) and extrinsic (e.g., local environment) factors that drive the acquisition of unique characteristics at the single-cell level. The first functional organ system to form in vertebrates is the cardiovascular system, which is lined by a network of endothelial cells whose organ-specific characteristics have long been recognized. Recent genetic analyses at the single-cell level have revealed that heterogeneity exists not only at the organ level but also between neighboring endothelial cells. Thus, how endothelial heterogeneity is established has become a key question in vascular biology. Drawing upon evidence from multiple organ systems, here we will discuss the role that lineage history may play in establishing endothelial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A Stone
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Department of Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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27
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Chen B, Banton MC, Singh L, Parkinson DB, Dun XP. Single Cell Transcriptome Data Analysis Defines the Heterogeneity of Peripheral Nerve Cells in Homeostasis and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:624826. [PMID: 33828460 PMCID: PMC8019921 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.624826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies and the development of bioinformatics pipelines enable us to more accurately define the heterogeneity of cell types in a selected tissue. In this report, we re-analyzed recently published single-cell RNA sequencing data sets and provide a rationale to redefine the heterogeneity of cells in both intact and injured mouse peripheral nerves. Our analysis showed that, in both intact and injured peripheral nerves, cells could be functionally classified into four categories: Schwann cells, nerve fibroblasts, immune cells, and cells associated with blood vessels. Nerve fibroblasts could be sub-clustered into epineurial, perineurial, and endoneurial fibroblasts. Identified immune cell clusters include macrophages, mast cells, natural killer cells, T and B lymphocytes as well as an unreported cluster of neutrophils. Cells associated with blood vessels include endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. We show that endothelial cells in the intact mouse sciatic nerve have three sub-types: epineurial, endoneurial, and lymphatic endothelial cells. Analysis of cell type-specific gene changes revealed that Schwann cells and endoneurial fibroblasts are the two most important cell types promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. Analysis of communication between these cells identified potential signals for early blood vessel regeneration, neutrophil recruitment of macrophages, and macrophages activating Schwann cells. Through this analysis, we also report appropriate marker genes for future single cell transcriptome data analysis to identify cell types in intact and injured peripheral nerves. The findings from our analysis could facilitate a better understanding of cell biology of peripheral nerves in homeostasis, regeneration, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Matthew C Banton
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Lolita Singh
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - David B Parkinson
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Xin-Peng Dun
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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28
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Moses SR, Adorno JJ, Palmer AF, Song JW. Vessel-on-a-chip models for studying microvascular physiology, transport, and function in vitro. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C92-C105. [PMID: 33176110 PMCID: PMC7846973 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00355.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To understand how the microvasculature grows and remodels, researchers require reproducible systems that emulate the function of living tissue. Innovative contributions toward fulfilling this important need have been made by engineered microvessels assembled in vitro with microfabrication techniques. Microfabricated vessels, commonly referred to as "vessels-on-a-chip," are from a class of cell culture technologies that uniquely integrate microscale flow phenomena, tissue-level biomolecular transport, cell-cell interactions, and proper three-dimensional (3-D) extracellular matrix environments under well-defined culture conditions. Here, we discuss the enabling attributes of microfabricated vessels that make these models more physiological compared with established cell culture techniques and the potential of these models for advancing microvascular research. This review highlights the key features of microvascular transport and physiology, critically discusses the strengths and limitations of different microfabrication strategies for studying the microvasculature, and provides a perspective on current challenges and future opportunities for vessel-on-a-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah R Moses
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan J Adorno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Andre F Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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29
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Engelbrecht E, MacRae CA, Hla T. Lysolipids in Vascular Development, Biology, and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:564-584. [PMID: 33327749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.305565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane phospholipid metabolism forms lysophospholipids, which possess unique biochemical and biophysical properties that influence membrane structure and dynamics. However, lysophospholipids also function as ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors that influence embryonic development, postnatal physiology, and disease. The 2 most well-studied species-lysophosphatidic acid and S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate)-are particularly relevant to vascular development, physiology, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the role of lysophosphatidic acid and S1P in vascular developmental processes, endothelial cell biology, and their roles in cardiovascular disease processes. In addition, we also point out the apparent connections between lysophospholipid biology and the Wnt (int/wingless family) pathway, an evolutionarily conserved fundamental developmental signaling system. The discovery that components of the lysophospholipid signaling system are key genetic determinants of cardiovascular disease has warranted current and future research in this field. As pharmacological approaches to modulate lysophospholipid signaling have entered the clinical sphere, new findings in this field promise to influence novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Engelbrecht
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine (C.A.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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30
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Anwar M, Mehta D. Post-translational modifications of S1PR1 and endothelial barrier regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158760. [PMID: 32585303 PMCID: PMC7409382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), a G-protein coupled receptor that is expressed in endothelium and activated upon ligation by the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is an important vascular-barrier protective mechanism at the level of adherens junctions (AJ). Loss of endothelial barrier function is a central factor in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions characterized by protein-rich lung edema formation, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While several S1PR1 agonists are available, the challenge of arresting the progression of protein-rich edema formation remains to be met. In this review, we discuss the role of S1PRs, especially S1PR1, in regulating endothelial barrier function. We review recent findings showing that replenishment of the pool of cell-surface S1PR1 may be crucial to the effectiveness of S1P in repairing the endothelial barrier. In this context, we discuss the S1P generating machinery and mechanisms that regulate S1PR1 at the cell surface and their impact on endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago, IL 60612, United States of America.
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31
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Geng X, Yanagida K, Akwii RG, Choi D, Chen L, Ho Y, Cha B, Mahamud MR, Berman de Ruiz K, Ichise H, Chen H, Wythe JD, Mikelis CM, Hla T, Srinivasan RS. S1PR1 regulates the quiescence of lymphatic vessels by inhibiting laminar shear stress-dependent VEGF-C signaling. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137652. [PMID: 32544090 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During the growth of lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis), lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) at the growing front sprout by forming filopodia. Those tip cells are not exposed to circulating lymph, as they are not lumenized. In contrast, LECs that trail the growing front are exposed to shear stress, become quiescent, and remodel into stable vessels. The mechanisms that coordinate the opposed activities of lymphatic sprouting and maturation remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the canonical tip cell marker Delta-like 4 (DLL4) promotes sprouting lymphangiogenesis by enhancing VEGF-C/VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3) signaling. However, in lumenized lymphatic vessels, laminar shear stress (LSS) inhibits the expression of DLL4, as well as additional tip cell markers. Paradoxically, LSS also upregulates VEGF-C/VEGFR3 signaling in LECs, but sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) activity antagonizes LSS-mediated VEGF-C signaling to promote lymphatic vascular quiescence. Correspondingly, S1pr1 loss in LECs induced lymphatic vascular hypersprouting and hyperbranching, which could be rescued by reducing Vegfr3 gene dosage in vivo. In addition, S1PR1 regulates lymphatic vessel maturation by inhibiting RhoA activity to promote membrane localization of the tight junction molecule claudin-5. Our findings suggest a potentially new paradigm in which LSS induces quiescence and promotes the survival of LECs by downregulating DLL4 and enhancing VEGF-C signaling, respectively. S1PR1 dampens LSS/VEGF-C signaling, thereby preventing sprouting from quiescent lymphatic vessels. These results also highlight the distinct roles that S1PR1 and DLL4 play in LECs when compared with their known roles in the blood vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Racheal G Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Dongwon Choi
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lijuan Chen
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - YenChun Ho
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Boksik Cha
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Md Riaj Mahamud
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Karen Berman de Ruiz
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hirotake Ichise
- Institute for Animal Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Sathish Srinivasan
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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32
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Engelbrecht E, Levesque MV, He L, Vanlandewijck M, Nitzsche A, Niazi H, Kuo A, Singh SA, Aikawa M, Holton K, Proia RL, Kono M, Pu WT, Camerer E, Betsholtz C, Hla T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate-regulated transcriptomes in heterogenous arterial and lymphatic endothelium of the aorta. eLife 2020; 9:52690. [PMID: 32091396 PMCID: PMC7054001 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the medical importance of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), in vivo cellular heterogeneity of GPCR signaling and downstream transcriptional responses are not understood. We report the comprehensive characterization of transcriptomes (bulk and single-cell) and chromatin domains regulated by sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1) in adult mouse aortic endothelial cells. First, S1PR1 regulates NFκB and nuclear glucocorticoid receptor pathways to suppress inflammation-related mRNAs. Second, S1PR1 signaling in the heterogenous endothelial cell (EC) subtypes occurs at spatially-distinct areas of the aorta. For example, a transcriptomically distinct arterial EC population at vascular branch points (aEC1) exhibits ligand-independent S1PR1/ß-arrestin coupling. In contrast, circulatory S1P-dependent S1PR1/ß-arrestin coupling was observed in non-branch point aEC2 cells that exhibit an inflammatory gene expression signature. Moreover, S1P/S1PR1 signaling regulates the expression of lymphangiogenic and inflammation-related transcripts in an adventitial lymphatic EC (LEC) population in a ligand-dependent manner. These insights add resolution to existing concepts of endothelial heterogeneity, GPCR signaling and S1P biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Engelbrecht
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Deapartment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Michel V Levesque
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Deapartment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Vanlandewijck
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anja Nitzsche
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Hira Niazi
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Deapartment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Kristina Holton
- Harvard Medical School Research Computing, Boston, United States
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Mari Kono
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - William T Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Eric Camerer
- Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Deapartment of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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