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Dasgupta A, Reagor CC, Paik SP, Snow LM, Jacobo A, Hudspeth AJ. Semaphorin7A patterns neural circuitry in the lateral line of the zebrafish. eLife 2024; 12:RP89926. [PMID: 39133541 PMCID: PMC11318972 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In a developing nervous system, axonal arbors often undergo complex rearrangements before neural circuits attain their final innervation topology. In the lateral line sensory system of the zebrafish, developing sensory axons reorganize their terminal arborization patterns to establish precise neural microcircuits around the mechanosensory hair cells. However, a quantitative understanding of the changes in the sensory arbor morphology and the regulators behind the microcircuit assembly remain enigmatic. Here, we report that Semaphorin7A (Sema7A) acts as an important mediator of these processes. Utilizing a semi-automated three-dimensional neurite tracing methodology and computational techniques, we have identified and quantitatively analyzed distinct topological features that shape the network in wild-type and Sema7A loss-of-function mutants. In contrast to those of wild-type animals, the sensory axons in Sema7A mutants display aberrant arborizations with disorganized network topology and diminished contacts to hair cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of a secreted form of Sema7A by non-hair cells induces chemotropic guidance of sensory axons. Our findings propose that Sema7A likely functions both as a juxtracrine and as a secreted cue to pattern neural circuitry during sensory organ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnik Dasgupta
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York CityUnited States
| | - Caleb C Reagor
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York CityUnited States
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Sang Peter Paik
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York CityUnited States
| | - Lauren M Snow
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York CityUnited States
| | - Adrian Jacobo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York CityUnited States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - AJ Hudspeth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Sensory Neuroscience, The Rockefeller UniversityNew York CityUnited States
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2
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Leier HC, Foden AJ, Jindal DA, Wilkov AJ, Van der Linden Costello P, Vanderzalm PJ, Coutinho-Budd JC, Tabuchi M, Broihier HT. Glia control experience-dependent plasticity in an olfactory critical period. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.602232. [PMID: 39005309 PMCID: PMC11245089 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.602232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Sensory experience during developmental critical periods has lifelong consequences for circuit function and behavior, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which experience causes these changes are not well understood. The Drosophila antennal lobe houses synapses between olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and downstream projection neurons (PNs) in stereotyped glomeruli. Many glomeruli exhibit structural plasticity in response to early-life odor exposure, indicating a general sensitivity of the fly olfactory circuitry to early sensory experience. We recently found that glia regulate the development of the antennal lobe in young adult flies, leading us to ask if glia also drive experience-dependent plasticity. Here we define a critical period for structural and functional plasticity of OSN-PN synapses in the ethyl butyrate (EB)-sensitive glomerulus VM7. EB exposure for the first two days post-eclosion drives large-scale reductions in glomerular volume, presynapse number, and post-synaptic activity. The highly conserved engulfment receptor Draper is required for this critical period plasticity. Specifically, ensheathing glia upregulate Draper expression, invade the VM7 glomerulus, and phagocytose OSN presynaptic terminals in response to critical-period EB exposure. Crucially, synapse pruning during the critical period has long-term consequences for circuit function since both OSN-PN synapse number and spontaneous activity of PNs remain persistently decreased. These data demonstrate experience-dependent pruning of synapses in olfactory circuitry and argue that the Drosophila antennal lobe will be a powerful model for defining the function of glia in critical period plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Leier
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Alexander J Foden
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Darren A Jindal
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Abigail J Wilkov
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | | | - Pamela J Vanderzalm
- Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, United States
| | - Jaeda C Coutinho-Budd
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
| | - Heather T Broihier
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, United States
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3
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Mori K, Sakano H. Circuit formation and sensory perception in the mouse olfactory system. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1342576. [PMID: 38434487 PMCID: PMC10904487 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1342576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the mouse olfactory system, odor information is converted to a topographic map of activated glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB). Although the arrangement of glomeruli is genetically determined, the glomerular structure is plastic and can be modified by environmental stimuli. If the pups are exposed to a particular odorant, responding glomeruli become larger recruiting the dendrites of connecting projection neurons and interneurons. This imprinting not only increases the sensitivity to the exposed odor, but also imposes the positive quality on imprinted memory. External odor information represented as an odor map in the OB is transmitted to the olfactory cortex (OC) and amygdala for decision making to elicit emotional and behavioral outputs using two distinct neural pathways, innate and learned. Innate olfactory circuits start to work right after birth, whereas learned circuits become functional later on. In this paper, the recent progress will be summarized in the study of olfactory circuit formation and odor perception in mice. We will also propose new hypotheses on the timing and gating of olfactory circuit activity in relation to the respiration cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Japan
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4
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Mallick A, Dacks AM, Gaudry Q. Olfactory Critical Periods: How Odor Exposure Shapes the Developing Brain in Mice and Flies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:94. [PMID: 38392312 PMCID: PMC10886215 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Neural networks have an extensive ability to change in response to environmental stimuli. This flexibility peaks during restricted windows of time early in life called critical periods. The ubiquitous occurrence of this form of plasticity across sensory modalities and phyla speaks to the importance of critical periods for proper neural development and function. Extensive investigation into visual critical periods has advanced our knowledge of the molecular events and key processes that underlie the impact of early-life experience on neuronal plasticity. However, despite the importance of olfaction for the overall survival of an organism, the cellular and molecular basis of olfactory critical periods have not garnered extensive study compared to visual critical periods. Recent work providing a comprehensive mapping of the highly organized olfactory neuropil and its development has in turn attracted a growing interest in how these circuits undergo plasticity during critical periods. Here, we perform a comparative review of olfactory critical periods in fruit flies and mice to provide novel insight into the importance of early odor exposure in shaping neural circuits and highlighting mechanisms found across sensory modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahana Mallick
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Quentin Gaudry
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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5
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Huang L, Hardyman F, Edwards M, Galliano E. Deprivation-Induced Plasticity in the Early Central Circuits of the Rodent Visual, Auditory, and Olfactory Systems. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0435-23.2023. [PMID: 38195533 PMCID: PMC11059429 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0435-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is crucial for animals to adapt to dynamic sensory environments. Traditionally, it has been investigated using deprivation approaches in animal models primarily in sensory cortices. Nevertheless, emerging evidence emphasizes its significance in sensory organs and in subcortical regions where cranial nerves relay information to the brain. Additionally, critical questions started to arise. Do different sensory modalities share common cellular mechanisms for deprivation-induced plasticity at these central entry points? Does the deprivation duration correlate with specific plasticity mechanisms? This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes research papers that investigated visual, auditory, or olfactory deprivation in rodents of both sexes. It examines the consequences of sensory deprivation in homologous regions at the first central synapse following cranial nerve transmission (vision - lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus; audition - ventral and dorsal cochlear nucleus; olfaction - olfactory bulb). The systematic search yielded 91 papers (39 vision, 22 audition, 30 olfaction), revealing substantial heterogeneity in publication trends, experimental methods, measures of plasticity, and reporting across the sensory modalities. Despite these differences, commonalities emerged when correlating plasticity mechanisms with the duration of sensory deprivation. Short-term deprivation (up to 1 d) reduced activity and increased disinhibition, medium-term deprivation (1 d to a week) involved glial changes and synaptic remodeling, and long-term deprivation (over a week) primarily led to structural alterations. These findings underscore the importance of standardizing methodologies and reporting practices. Additionally, they highlight the value of cross-modal synthesis for understanding how the nervous system, including peripheral, precortical, and cortical areas, respond to and compensate for sensory inputs loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Hardyman
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Edwards
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Galliano
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB23EL Cambridge, United Kingdom
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6
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Fang A, Yu CR. Activity-dependent formation of the topographic map and the critical period in the development of mammalian olfactory system. Genesis 2024; 62:e23586. [PMID: 38593162 PMCID: PMC11003738 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Neural activity influences every aspect of nervous system development. In olfactory systems, sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor project their axons to stereotypically positioned glomeruli, forming a spatial map of odorant receptors in the olfactory bulb. As individual odors activate unique combinations of glomeruli, this map forms the basis for encoding olfactory information. The establishment of this stereotypical olfactory map requires coordinated regulation of axon guidance molecules instructed by spontaneous activity. Recent studies show that sensory experiences also modify innervation patterns in the olfactory bulb, especially during a critical period of the olfactory system development. This review examines evidence in the field to suggest potential mechanisms by which various aspects of neural activity regulate axon targeting. We also discuss the precise functions served by neural plasticity during the critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Fang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - C. Ron Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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7
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Xue J, Brawner AT, Thompson JR, Yelhekar TD, Newmaster KT, Qiu Q, Cooper YA, Yu CR, Ahmed-Braima YH, Kim Y, Lin Y. Spatiotemporal Mapping and Molecular Basis of Whole-brain Circuit Maturation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.572456. [PMID: 38260331 PMCID: PMC10802351 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.572456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Brain development is highly dynamic and asynchronous, marked by the sequential maturation of functional circuits across the brain. The timing and mechanisms driving circuit maturation remain elusive due to an inability to identify and map maturing neuronal populations. Here we create DevATLAS (Developmental Activation Timing-based Longitudinal Acquisition System) to overcome this obstacle. We develop whole-brain mapping methods to construct the first longitudinal, spatiotemporal map of circuit maturation in early postnatal mouse brains. Moreover, we uncover dramatic impairments within the deep cortical layers in a neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) model, demonstrating the utility of this resource to pinpoint when and where circuit maturation is disrupted. Using DevATLAS, we reveal that early experiences accelerate the development of hippocampus-dependent learning by increasing the synaptically mature granule cell population in the dentate gyrus. Finally, DevATLAS enables the discovery of molecular mechanisms driving activity-dependent circuit maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Andrew T Brawner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Jacqueline R Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Tushar D Yelhekar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kyra T Newmaster
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Qiang Qiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
| | - Yonatan A Cooper
- Current address: Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - C Ron Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA
| | | | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yingxi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Lead contact
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8
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Usui N. Possible roles of deep cortical neurons and oligodendrocytes in the neural basis of human sociality. Anat Sci Int 2024; 99:34-47. [PMID: 38010534 PMCID: PMC10771383 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-023-00747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Sociality is an instinctive property of organisms that live in relation to others and is a complex characteristic of higher order brain functions. However, the evolution of the human brain to acquire higher order brain functions, such as sociality, and the neural basis for executing these functions and their control mechanisms are largely unknown. Several studies have attempted to evaluate how human sociality was acquired during the course of evolution and the mechanisms controlling sociality from a neurodevelopment viewpoint. This review discusses these findings in the context of human brain evolution and the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Comparative genomic studies of postmortem primate brains have demonstrated human-specific regulatory mechanisms underlying higher order brain functions, providing evidence for the contribution of oligodendrocytes to human brain function. Functional analyses of the causative genes of ASD in animal models have demonstrated that the neural basis of social behavior is associated with layer 6 (L6) of the neocortex and oligodendrocytes. These findings demonstrate that both neurons and oligodendrocytes contribute to the neural basis and molecular mechanisms underlying human brain evolution and social functioning. This review provides novel insights into sociability and the corresponding neural bases of brain disorders and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Omics Center, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Addiction Research Unit, Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
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9
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Coppola DM, Reisert J. The Role of the Stimulus in Olfactory Plasticity. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1553. [PMID: 38002512 PMCID: PMC10669894 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasticity, the term we use to describe the ability of a nervous system to change with experience, is the evolutionary adaptation that freed animal behavior from the confines of genetic determinism. This capacity, which increases with brain complexity, is nowhere more evident than in vertebrates, especially mammals. Though the scientific study of brain plasticity dates back at least to the mid-19th century, the last several decades have seen unprecedented advances in the field afforded by new technologies. Olfaction is one system that has garnered particular attention in this realm because it is the only sensory modality with a lifelong supply of new neurons, from two niches no less! Here, we review some of the classical and contemporary literature dealing with the role of the stimulus or lack thereof in olfactory plasticity. We have restricted our comments to studies in mammals that have used dual tools of the field: stimulus deprivation and stimulus enrichment. The former manipulation has been implemented most frequently by unilateral naris occlusion and, thus, we have limited our comments to research using this technique. The work reviewed on deprivation provides substantial evidence of activity-dependent processes in both developing and adult mammals at multiple levels of the system from olfactory sensory neurons through to olfactory cortical areas. However, more recent evidence on the effects of deprivation also establishes several compensatory processes with mechanisms at every level of the system, whose function seems to be the restoration of information flow in the face of an impoverished signal. The results of sensory enrichment are more tentative, not least because of the actual manipulation: What odor or odors? At what concentrations? On what schedule? All of these have frequently not been sufficiently rationalized or characterized. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that discrepant results are common in sensory enrichment studies. Despite this problem, evidence has accumulated that even passively encountered odors can "teach" olfactory cortical areas to better detect, discriminate, and more efficiently encode them for future encounters. We discuss these and other less-established roles for the stimulus in olfactory plasticity, culminating in our recommended "aspirations" for the field going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Coppola
- Biology Department, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA
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10
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Muscatelli F. [As early as birth, oxytocin plays a key role in both food and social behavior]. Biol Aujourdhui 2023; 216:131-143. [PMID: 36744979 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2022017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohormone that regulates the so-called "social brain" and is mainly studied in adulthood. During postnatal development, the mechanisms by which the OT system structures various behaviors are little studied. Here we present the dynamic process of postnatal development of the OT system as well as the OT functions in the perinatal period that are essential for shaping social behaviors. Specifically, we discuss the role of OT, in the newborn, in integrating and adapting responses to early sensory stimuli and in stimulating suckling activity. Sensory dialogue and suckling are involved in mother-infant bonds and structure future social interactions. In rodents and humans, neurodevelopmental diseases with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), such as Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang syndromes, are associated with sensory, feeding and behavioral deficits in infancy. We propose that in early postnatal life, OT plays a key role in stimulating the maturation of neural networks controlling feeding behavior and early social interactions from birth. Administration of OT at birth improves sensory integration of environmental factors and the relationship with the mother as well as sucking activity as we have shown in mouse models and in babies with Prader-Willi syndrome. Long-term effects have also been observed on social and cognitive behavior. Therefore, early feeding difficulties might be an early predictive marker of ASD, and OT treatment a promising option to improve feeding behavior and, in the longer term, social behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Muscatelli
- INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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11
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Muscatelli F, Matarazzo V, Chini B. Neonatal oxytocin gives the tempo of social and feeding behaviors. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1071719. [PMID: 36583080 PMCID: PMC9792990 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonapeptide oxytocin (OT) is a master regulator of the social brain in early infancy, adolescence, and adult life. Here, we review the postnatal dynamic development of OT-system as well as early-life OT functions that are essential for shaping social behaviors. We specifically address the role of OT in neonates, focusing on its role in modulating/adapting sensory input and feeding behavior; both processes are involved in the establishing mother-infant bond, a crucial event for structuring all future social interactions. In patients and rodent models of Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang syndromes, two neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by autism-related features, sensory impairments, and feeding difficulties in early infancy are linked to an alteration of OT-system. Successful preclinical studies in mice and a phase I/II clinical trial in Prader-Willi babies constitute a proof of concept that OT-treatment in early life not only improves suckling deficit but has also a positive long-term effect on learning and social behavior. We propose that in early postnatal life, OT plays a pivotal role in stimulating and coordinating the maturation of neuronal networks controlling feeding behavior and the first social interactions. Consequently, OT therapy might be considered to improve feeding behavior and, all over the life, social cognition, and learning capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Muscatelli
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), INSERM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France,*Correspondence: Françoise Muscatelli,
| | - Valery Matarazzo
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), INSERM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bice Chini
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Vedano al Lambro, Italy and NeuroMI Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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12
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Mori K, Sakano H. Neural Circuitry for Stress Information of Environmental and Internal Odor Worlds. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:943647. [PMID: 35783233 PMCID: PMC9245520 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.943647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, odor information detected in the olfactory epithelium is converted to a topographic map of activated glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Odor signals are then conveyed by projection neurons to the olfactory cortex for decision making. Odor information is processed by two distinct pathways, one is innate and the other is learned, which are separately activated during exhalation and inhalation, respectively. There are two types of odor signals, exteroceptive and interoceptive, which are also processed in different phases of respiration. Exteroceptive sensory information whether attractive/pleasant or aversive/stressful, is evaluated by the valence regions in the amygdala. Stress is an alert signal telling the body to take an action so that the normal condition can be recovered. When the odor quality is negative, the brain sets up a behavioral strategy to avoid the danger or to improve the situation. In this review article, we will describe the recent progress in the study of olfactory perception focusing on stress responses to external and internal odors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Mori
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kensaku Mori,
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Hitoshi Sakano,
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13
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Mori K, Sakano H. Processing of Odor Information During the Respiratory Cycle in Mice. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 16:861800. [PMID: 35431818 PMCID: PMC9008203 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2022.861800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse olfactory system, odor signals detected in the olfactory epithelium are converted to a topographic map of activated glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. The map information is then conveyed by projection neurons, mitral cells and tufted cells, to various areas in the olfactory cortex. An odor map is transmitted to the anterior olfactory nucleus by tufted cells for odor identification and recollection of associated memory for learned decisions. For instinct decisions, odor information is directly transmitted to the valence regions in the amygdala by specific subsets of mitral cells. Transmission of orthonasal odor signals through these two distinct pathways, innate and learned, are closely related with exhalation and inhalation, respectively. Furthermore, the retronasal/interoceptive and orthonasal/exteroceptive signals are differentially processed during the respiratory cycle, suggesting that these signals are processed in separate areas of the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex. In this review article, the recent progress is summarized for our understanding of the olfactory circuitry and processing of odor signals during respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Mori
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, WAKO, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kensaku Mori,
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Hitoshi Sakano,
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14
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Molecular mechanisms regulating the spatial configuration of neurites. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:103-114. [PMID: 35248463 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Precise neural networks, composed of axons and dendrites, are the structural basis for information processing in the brain. Therefore, the correct formation of neurites is critical for accurate neural function. In particular, the three-dimensional structures of dendrites vary greatly among neuron types, and the unique shape of each dendrite is tightly linked to specific synaptic connections with innervating axons and is correlated with its information processing. Although many systems are involved in neurite formation, the developmental mechanisms that control the orientation, size, and arborization pattern of neurites definitively defines their three-dimensional structure in tissues. In this review, we summarize these regulatory mechanisms that establish proper spatial configurations of neurites, especially dendrites, in invertebrates and vertebrates.
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15
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Tufo C, Poopalasundaram S, Dorrego-Rivas A, Ford MC, Graham A, Grubb MS. Development of the mammalian main olfactory bulb. Development 2022; 149:274348. [PMID: 35147186 PMCID: PMC8918810 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian main olfactory bulb is a crucial processing centre for the sense of smell. The olfactory bulb forms early during development and is functional from birth. However, the olfactory system continues to mature and change throughout life as a target of constitutive adult neurogenesis. Our Review synthesises current knowledge of prenatal, postnatal and adult olfactory bulb development, focusing on the maturation, morphology, functions and interactions of its diverse constituent glutamatergic and GABAergic cell types. We highlight not only the great advances in the understanding of olfactory bulb development made in recent years, but also the gaps in our present knowledge that most urgently require addressing. Summary: This Review describes the morphological and functional maturation of cells in the mammalian main olfactory bulb, from embryonic development to adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Tufo
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Subathra Poopalasundaram
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ana Dorrego-Rivas
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marc C Ford
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anthony Graham
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthew S Grubb
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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16
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Rebeca H, Karen PA, Elva A, Carmen C, Fernando P. Main Olfactory Bulb Reconfiguration by Prolonged Passive Olfactory Experience Correlates with Increased Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Improved Innate Olfaction. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1141-1161. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hernández‐Soto Rebeca
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM‐Campus Juriquilla México
| | - Pimentel‐Farfan Ana Karen
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM‐Campus Juriquilla México
| | - Adan‐Castro Elva
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM‐Campus Juriquilla México
| | - Clapp Carmen
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM‐Campus Juriquilla México
| | - Peña‐Ortega Fernando
- Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM‐Campus Juriquilla México
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