1
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Simwela NV, Jaecklein E, Sassetti CM, Russell DGM. Impaired fatty acid import or catabolism in macrophages restricts intracellular growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.22.604660. [PMID: 39091727 PMCID: PMC11291043 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.604660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection of macrophages reprograms cellular metabolism to promote lipid retention. While it is clearly known that intracellular Mtb utilize host derived lipids to maintain infection, the role of macrophage lipid processing on the bacterias ability to access the intracellular lipid pool remains undefined. We utilized a CRISPR-Cas9 genetic approach to assess the impact of sequential steps in fatty acid metabolism on the growth of intracellular Mtb. Our analyzes demonstrate that macrophages which cannot either import, store or catabolize fatty acids restrict Mtb growth by both common and divergent anti-microbial mechanisms, including increased glycolysis, increased oxidative stress, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced autophagy and nutrient limitation. We also show that impaired macrophage lipid droplet biogenesis is restrictive to Mtb replication, but increased induction of the same fails to rescue Mtb growth. Our work expands our understanding of how host fatty acid homeostasis impacts Mtb growth in the macrophage.
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2
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Simwela NV, Johnston L, Pavinski Bitar P, Jaecklein E, Altier C, Sassetti CM, Russell DG. Genome-wide screen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis- infected macrophages identified the GID/CTLH complex as a determinant of intracellular bacterial growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.06.592714. [PMID: 38766174 PMCID: PMC11100626 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The eukaryotic GID/CTLH complex is a highly conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in a broad range of biological processes. However, a role of this complex in host antimicrobial defenses has not been described. We exploited Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) induced cytotoxicity in macrophages in a FACS based CRISPR genetic screen to identify host determinants of intracellular Mtb growth restriction. Our screen identified 5 ( GID8 , YPEL5 , WDR26 , UBE2H , MAEA ) of the 10 predicted members of the GID/CTLH complex as determinants of intracellular growth of both Mtb and Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. We show that the antimicrobial properties of the GID/CTLH complex knockdown macrophages are mediated by enhanced GABAergic signaling, activated AMPK, increased autophagic flux and resistance to cell death. Meanwhile, Mtb isolated from GID/CTLH knockdown macrophages are nutritionally starved and oxidatively stressed. Our study identifies the GID/CTLH complex activity as broadly suppressive of host antimicrobial responses against intracellular bacterial infections. Graphical abstract
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3
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Ankley LM, Conner KN, Vielma TE, Godfrey JJ, Thapa M, Olive AJ. GSK3α/β Restrain IFN-γ-Inducible Costimulatory Molecule Expression in Alveolar Macrophages, Limiting CD4+ T Cell Activation. Immunohorizons 2024; 8:147-162. [PMID: 38345473 PMCID: PMC10916365 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in eliminating respiratory pathogens. Both pulmonary resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) and recruited macrophages contribute to detecting, responding to, and resolving infections in the lungs. Despite their distinct functions, it remains unclear how these macrophage subsets regulate their responses to infection, including how activation by the cytokine IFN-γ is regulated. This shortcoming prevents the development of therapeutics that effectively target distinct lung macrophage populations without exacerbating inflammation. We aimed to better understand the transcriptional regulation of resting and IFN-γ-activated cells using a new ex vivo model of AMs from mice, fetal liver-derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), and immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages. Our findings reveal that IFN-γ robustly activates both macrophage types; however, the profile of activated IFN-γ-stimulated genes varies greatly between these cell types. Notably, FLAMs show limited expression of costimulatory markers essential for T cell activation upon stimulation with only IFN-γ. To understand cell type-specific differences, we examined how the inhibition of the regulatory kinases GSK3α/β alters the IFN-γ response. GSK3α/β controlled distinct IFN-γ responses, and in AM-like cells, we found that GSK3α/β restrained the induction of type I IFN and TNF, thus preventing the robust expression of costimulatory molecules and limiting CD4+ T cell activation. Together, these data suggest that the capacity of AMs to respond to IFN-γ is restricted in a GSK3α/β-dependent manner and that IFN-γ responses differ across distinct macrophage populations. These findings lay the groundwork to identify new therapeutic targets that activate protective pulmonary responses without driving deleterious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurisa M. Ankley
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Kayla N. Conner
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Taryn E. Vielma
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Jared J. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Mahima Thapa
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Andrew J. Olive
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
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4
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Silva RCMC, Travassos LH, Dutra FF. The dichotomic role of single cytokines: Fine-tuning immune responses. Cytokine 2024; 173:156408. [PMID: 37925788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are known for their pleiotropic effects. They can be classified by their function as pro-inflammatory, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-12, or anti-inflammatory, like IL-10, IL-35 and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Though this type of classification is an important simplification for the understanding of the general cytokine's role, it can be misleading. Here, we discuss recent studies that show a dichotomic role of the so-called pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, highlighting that their function can be dependent on the microenvironment and their concentrations. Furthermore, we discuss how the back-and-forth interplay between cytokines and immunometabolism can influence the dichotomic role of inflammatory responses as an important target to complement cytokine-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Holanda Travassos
- Laboratório de Receptores e Sinalização intracelular, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabianno Ferreira Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Inflamação, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Wang S, Zhang G, Cui Q, Yang Y, Wang D, Liu A, Xia Y, Li W, Liu Y, Yu J. The DC-T cell axis is an effective target for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1099. [PMID: 38018578 PMCID: PMC10681037 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC)-T cell axis is a bridge that connects innate and adaptive immunities. The initial immune response against tumors is mainly induced by mature antigen-presenting DCs. Enhancing the crosstalk between DCs and T cells may be an effective approach to improve the immune response to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this article, a review was made of the interaction between DCs and T cells in the treatment of NSCLC and how this interaction affects the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcui Wang
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Graduate SchoolTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Guan Zhang
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Graduate SchoolTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Qian Cui
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Graduate SchoolTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yanjie Yang
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Graduate SchoolTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Graduate SchoolTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Aqing Liu
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Graduate SchoolTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
- Graduate SchoolTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Wentao Li
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Yunhe Liu
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Department of OncologyFirst Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
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6
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Ankley LM, Conner KN, Vielma TE, Thapa M, Olive AJ. GSK3α/β restrains IFNγ-inducible costimulatory molecule expression in alveolar macrophages, limiting CD4 + T cell activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.16.553574. [PMID: 37645748 PMCID: PMC10462134 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.16.553574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in eliminating respiratory pathogens. Both pulmonary resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) and recruited macrophages contribute to detecting, responding to, and resolving infections in the lungs. Despite their distinct functions, it remains unclear how these macrophage subsets regulate their responses to infection, including how activation by the cytokine IFNγ is regulated. This shortcoming prevents the development of therapeutics that effectively target distinct lung macrophage populations without exacerbating inflammation. We aimed to better understand the transcriptional regulation of resting and IFNγ-activated cells using a new ex vivo model of AMs from mice, fetal liver-derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), and immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages (iBMDMs). Our findings reveal that IFNγ robustly activates both macrophage types; however, the profile of activated IFNγ-stimulated genes varies greatly between these cell types. Notably, FLAMs show limited expression of costimulatory markers essential for T cell activation upon stimulation with only IFNγ. To understand cell type-specific differences, we examined how the inhibition of the regulatory kinases GSK3α/β alters the IFNγ response. GSK3α/β controlled distinct IFNγ responses, and in AM-like cells, we found GSK3α/β restrained the induction of type I IFN and TNF, thus preventing the robust expression of costimulatory molecules and limiting CD4+ T cell activation. Together, these data suggest that the capacity of AMs to respond to IFNγ is restricted in a GSK3α/β-dependent manner and that IFNγ responses differ across distinct macrophage populations. These findings lay the groundwork to identify new therapeutic targets that activate protective pulmonary responses without driving deleterious inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurisa M. Ankley
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kayla N. Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Taryn E. Vielma
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Mahima Thapa
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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7
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Androvic P, Schifferer M, Perez Anderson K, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Jiang H, Ji H, Liu L, Gouna G, Berghoff SA, Besson-Girard S, Knoferle J, Simons M, Gokce O. Spatial Transcriptomics-correlated Electron Microscopy maps transcriptional and ultrastructural responses to brain injury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4115. [PMID: 37433806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complexity of cellular function within a tissue necessitates the combination of multiple phenotypic readouts. Here, we developed a method that links spatially-resolved gene expression of single cells with their ultrastructural morphology by integrating multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) and large area volume electron microscopy (EM) on adjacent tissue sections. Using this method, we characterized in situ ultrastructural and transcriptional responses of glial cells and infiltrating T-cells after demyelinating brain injury in male mice. We identified a population of lipid-loaded "foamy" microglia located in the center of remyelinating lesion, as well as rare interferon-responsive microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes that co-localized with T-cells. We validated our findings using immunocytochemistry and lipid staining-coupled single-cell RNA sequencing. Finally, by integrating these datasets, we detected correlations between full-transcriptome gene expression and ultrastructural features of microglia. Our results offer an integrative view of the spatial, ultrastructural, and transcriptional reorganization of single cells after demyelinating brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Androvic
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Perez Anderson
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanyi Jiang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hao Ji
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Garyfallia Gouna
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan A Berghoff
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Knoferle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ozgun Gokce
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Chowdhury S, Kar A, Bhowmik D, Gautam A, Basak D, Sarkar I, Ghosh P, Sarkar D, Deka A, Chakraborty P, Mukhopadhyay A, Mehrotra S, Basak S, Paul S, Chatterjee S. Intracellular Acetyl CoA Potentiates the Therapeutic Efficacy of Antitumor CD8+ T Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2640-2655. [PMID: 35648389 PMCID: PMC7613107 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Effector CD8+ T cells rely primarily on glucose metabolism to meet their biosynthetic and functional needs. However, nutritional limitations in the tumor microenvironment can cause T-cell hyporesponsiveness. Therefore, T cells must acquire metabolic traits enabling sustained effector function at the tumor site to elicit a robust antitumor immune response. Here, we report that IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells have elevated intracellular acetyl CoA levels and can maintain IFNγ levels in nutrient-deprived, tumor-conditioned media (TCM). Pharmacological and metabolic analyses demonstrated an active glucose-citrate-acetyl CoA circuit in IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells supporting an intracellular pool of acetyl CoA in an ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY)-dependent manner. Intracellular acetyl CoA levels enhanced histone acetylation, lipid synthesis, and IFNγ production, improving the metabolic and functional fitness of CD8+ T cells in tumors. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of ACLY severely impaired IFNγ production and viability of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-restricted conditions. Furthermore, CD8+ T cells cultured in high pyruvate-containing media in vitro acquired critical metabolic features of IL12-stimulated CD8+ T cells and displayed improved antitumor potential upon adoptive transfer in murine lymphoma and melanoma models. Overall, this study delineates the metabolic configuration of CD8+ T cells required for stable effector function in tumors and presents an affordable approach to promote the efficacy of CD8+ T cells for adoptive T-cell therapy. SIGNIFICANCE IL12-mediated metabolic reprogramming increases intracellular acetyl CoA to promote the effector function of CD8+ T cells in nutrient-depleted tumor microenvironments, revealing strategies to potentiate the antitumor efficacy of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehanshu Chowdhury
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Anwesha Kar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Debaleena Bhowmik
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Division of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School “From Molecules to Organisms,” Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Debashree Basak
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ishita Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Puspendu Ghosh
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Deborpita Sarkar
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Alvina Deka
- System Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Paramita Chakraborty
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Asima Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Shikhar Mehrotra
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Soumen Basak
- System Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandip Paul
- Center for Health Science and Technology, JIS Institute of Advanced Studies and Research, JIS University, Kolkata, India
| | - Shilpak Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, IICB-Translational Research Unit of Excellence, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Corresponding Author: Shilpak Chatterjee, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C Mallick Road, Kolkata 700032, India. Phone: 33-2499-5700, ext. 3013; E-mail:
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9
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IFNγ Regulates NAD+ Metabolism to Promote the Respiratory Burst in Human Monocytes. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3821-3834. [PMID: 35500221 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IFNγ is an essential and pleiotropic activator of human monocytes, but little is known about the changes in cellular metabolism required for IFNγ-induced activation. We sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which IFNγ reprograms monocyte metabolism to support its immunologic activities. We found that IFNγ increased oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in monocytes, indicative of reactive oxygen species generation by both mitochondria and NADPH oxidase. Transcriptional profiling revealed that this oxidative phenotype was driven by IFNγ-induced reprogramming of NAD+ metabolism, which is dependent on nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)-mediated NAD+ salvage to generate NADH and NADPH for oxidation by mitochondrial complex I and NADPH oxidase, respectively. Consistent with this pathway, monocytes from patients with gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 demonstrated higher than normal OCR. Whereas chemical or genetic disruption of mitochondrial complex I (rotenone treatment or Leigh Syndrome patient monocytes) or NADPH oxidase (DPI treatment or chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patient monocytes) reduced OCR. Interestingly, inhibition of NAMPT in healthy monocytes completely abrogated the IFNγ-induced oxygen consumption, comparable to levels observed in CGD monocytes. These data identify an IFNγ-induced, NAMPT-dependent, NAD+ salvage pathway that is critical for IFNγ activation of human monocytes.
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10
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Emtenani S, Martin ET, Gyoergy A, Bicher J, Genger JW, Köcher T, Akhmanova M, Guarda M, Roblek M, Bergthaler A, Hurd TR, Rangan P, Siekhaus DE. Macrophage mitochondrial bioenergetics and tissue invasion are boosted by an Atossa-Porthos axis in Drosophila. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109049. [PMID: 35319107 PMCID: PMC9194793 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism must adapt to changing demands to enable homeostasis. During immune responses or cancer metastasis, cells leading migration into challenging environments require an energy boost, but what controls this capacity is unclear. Here, we study a previously uncharacterized nuclear protein, Atossa (encoded by CG9005), which supports macrophage invasion into the germband of Drosophila by controlling cellular metabolism. First, nuclear Atossa increases mRNA levels of Porthos, a DEAD‐box protein, and of two metabolic enzymes, lysine‐α‐ketoglutarate reductase (LKR/SDH) and NADPH glyoxylate reductase (GR/HPR), thus enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics. Then Porthos supports ribosome assembly and thereby raises the translational efficiency of a subset of mRNAs, including those affecting mitochondrial functions, the electron transport chain, and metabolism. Mitochondrial respiration measurements, metabolomics, and live imaging indicate that Atossa and Porthos power up OxPhos and energy production to promote the forging of a path into tissues by leading macrophages. Since many crucial physiological responses require increases in mitochondrial energy output, this previously undescribed genetic program may modulate a wide range of cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsi Emtenani
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Elliot T Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Bicher
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jakob-Wendelin Genger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maria Akhmanova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mariana Guarda
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Marko Roblek
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Hurd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prashanth Rangan
- Department of Biological Sciences, RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daria E Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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11
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Kalyanaraman B. Exploiting the tumor immune microenvironment and immunometabolism using mitochondria-targeted drugs: Challenges and opportunities in racial disparity and cancer outcome research. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22226. [PMID: 35233843 PMCID: PMC9242412 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101862r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Black and Hispanic cancer patients have a higher incidence of cancer mortality. Many factors (e.g., socioeconomic differences, insufficient access to healthcare) contribute to racial disparity. Emerging research implicates biological disparity in cancer outcomes. Studies show distinct differences in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in Black cancer patients. Studies also have linked altered mitochondrial metabolism to changes in immune cell activation in TIME. Recent publications revealed a novel immunomodulatory role for triphenylphosphonium‐based mitochondrial‐targeted drugs (MTDs). These are synthetically modified, naturally occurring molecules (e.g., honokiol, magnolol, metformin) or FDA‐approved small molecule drugs (e.g., atovaquone, hydroxyurea). Modifications involve conjugating the parent molecule via an alkyl linker chain to a triphenylphosphonium moiety. These modified molecules (e.g., Mito‐honokiol, Mito‐magnolol, Mito‐metformin, Mito‐atovaquone, Mito‐hydroxyurea) accumulate in tumor cell mitochondria more effectively than in normal cells and inhibit mitochondrial respiration, induce reactive oxygen species, activate AMPK and redox transcription factors, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Besides these intrinsic effects of MTDs in redox signaling and proliferation in tumors, MTDs induced extrinsic effects in the TIME of mouse xenografts. MTD treatment inhibited tumor‐suppressive immune cells, myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, and regulatory T cells, and activated T cells and antitumor immune effects. One key biological disparity in Black cancer patients was related to altered mitochondrial oxidative metabolism; MTDs targeting vulnerabilities in tumor cells and the TIME may help us understand this biological disparity. Clinical trials should include an appropriate number of Black and Hispanic cancer patients and should validate the intratumoral, antihypoxic effects of MTDs with imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.,Center for Disease Prevention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Kiritsy MC, Ankley LM, Trombley J, Huizinga GP, Lord AE, Orning P, Elling R, Fitzgerald KA, Olive AJ. A genetic screen in macrophages identifies new regulators of IFNγ-inducible MHCII that contribute to T cell activation. eLife 2021; 10:65110. [PMID: 34747695 PMCID: PMC8598162 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-mediated activation of host immunity is central to the control of pathogens. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a key cytokine in protective immunity that induces major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (MHCII) to amplify CD4+ T cell activation and effector function. Despite its central role, the dynamic regulation of IFNγ-induced MHCII is not well understood. Using a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen in murine macrophages, we identified genes that control MHCII surface expression. Mechanistic studies uncovered two parallel pathways of IFNγ-mediated MHCII control that require the multifunctional glycogen synthase kinase three beta (GSK3β) or the mediator complex subunit 16 (MED16). Both pathways control distinct aspects of the IFNγ response and are necessary for IFNγ-mediated induction of the MHCII transactivator Ciita, MHCII expression, and CD4+ T cell activation. Our results define previously unappreciated regulation of MHCII expression that is required to control CD4+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Kiritsy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Laurisa M Ankley
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Justin Trombley
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Gabrielle P Huizinga
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Audrey E Lord
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Pontus Orning
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Roland Elling
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
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13
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Kiritsy MC, McCann K, Mott D, Holland SM, Behar SM, Sassetti CM, Olive AJ. Mitochondrial respiration contributes to the interferon gamma response in antigen-presenting cells. eLife 2021; 10:e65109. [PMID: 34726598 PMCID: PMC8598164 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological synapse allows antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to convey a wide array of functionally distinct signals to T cells, which ultimately shape the immune response. The relative effect of stimulatory and inhibitory signals is influenced by the activation state of the APC, which is determined by an interplay between signal transduction and metabolic pathways. While pathways downstream of toll-like receptors rely on glycolytic metabolism for the proper expression of inflammatory mediators, little is known about the metabolic dependencies of other critical signals such as interferon gamma (IFNγ). Using CRISPR-Cas9, we performed a series of genome-wide knockout screens in murine macrophages to identify the regulators of IFNγ-inducible T cell stimulatory or inhibitory proteins MHCII, CD40, and PD-L1. Our multiscreen approach enabled us to identify novel pathways that preferentially control functionally distinct proteins. Further integration of these screening data implicated complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the expression of all three markers, and by extension the IFNγ signaling pathway. We report that the IFNγ response requires mitochondrial respiration, and APCs are unable to activate T cells upon genetic or chemical inhibition of complex I. These findings suggest a dichotomous metabolic dependency between IFNγ and toll-like receptor signaling, implicating mitochondrial function as a fulcrum of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Kiritsy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Katelyn McCann
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniel Mott
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Steven M Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Samuel M Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Christopher M Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Andrew J Olive
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUnited States
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