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Ceyzériat K, Badina AM, Petrelli F, Montessuit S, Nicolaides A, Millet P, Savioz A, Martinou JC, Tournier BB. Inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier in astrocytes reduces amyloid and tau accumulation in the 3xTgAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 200:106623. [PMID: 39103022 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by an accumulation of pathologic amyloid-beta (Aβ) and Tau proteins, neuroinflammation, metabolic changes and neuronal death. Reactive astrocytes participate in these pathophysiological processes by releasing pro-inflammatory molecules and recruiting the immune system, which further reinforces inflammation and contributes to neuronal death. Besides these neurotoxic effects, astrocytes can protect neurons by providing them with high amounts of lactate as energy fuel. Astrocytes rely on aerobic glycolysis to generate lactate by reducing pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, through lactate dehydrogenase. Consequently, limited amounts of pyruvate enter astrocytic mitochondria through the Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier (MPC) to be oxidized. The MPC is a heterodimer composed of two subunits MPC1 and MPC2, the function of which in astrocytes has been poorly investigated. Here, we analyzed the role of the MPC in the pathogeny of AD, knowing that a reduction in overall glucose metabolism has been associated with a drop in cognitive performances and an accumulation of Aβ and Tau. We generated 3xTgAD mice in which MPC1 was knocked-out in astrocytes specifically and focused our study on the biochemical hallmarks of the disease, mainly Aβ and neurofibrillary tangle production. We show that inhibition of the MPC before the onset of the disease significantly reduces the quantity of Aβ and Tau aggregates in the brain of 3xTgAD mice, suggesting that acting on astrocytic glucose metabolism early on could hinder the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Ceyzériat
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Geneva, Switzerland; Laboratory of Child Growth and Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien M Badina
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alekos Nicolaides
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Armand Savioz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin B Tournier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva and Geneva Neuroscience Center, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Cardon I, Grobecker S, Jenne F, Jahner T, Rupprecht R, Milenkovic VM, Wetzel CH. Serotonin effects on human iPSC-derived neural cell functions: from mitochondria to depression. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02538-0. [PMID: 38532010 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Depression's link to serotonin dysregulation is well-known. The monoamine theory posits that depression results from impaired serotonin activity, leading to the development of antidepressants targeting serotonin levels. However, their limited efficacy suggests a more complex cause. Recent studies highlight mitochondria as key players in depression's pathophysiology. Mounting evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly correlates with major depressive disorder (MDD), underscoring its pivotal role in depression. Exploring the serotonin-mitochondrial connection, our study investigated the effects of chronic serotonin treatment on induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes and neurons from healthy controls and two case study patients. One was a patient with antidepressant non-responding MDD ("Non-R") and another had a non-genetic mitochondrial disorder ("Mito"). The results revealed that serotonin altered the expression of genes related to mitochondrial function and dynamics in neurons and had an equalizing effect on calcium homeostasis in astrocytes, while ATP levels seemed increased. Serotonin significantly decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium in neurons. Electrophysiological measurements evidenced that serotonin depolarized the resting membrane potential, increased both sodium and potassium current density and ultimately improved the overall excitability of neurons. Specifically, neurons from the Non-R patient appeared responsive to serotonin in vitro, which seemed to improve neurotransmission. While it is unclear how this translates to the systemic level and AD resistance mechanisms are not fully elucidated, our observations show that despite his treatment resistance, this patient's cortical neurons are responsive to serotonergic signals. In the Mito patient, evidence suggested that serotonin, by increasing excitability, exacerbated an existing hyperexcitability highlighting the importance of considering mitochondrial disorders in patients with MDD, and avoiding serotonin-increasing medication. Taken together, our findings suggested that serotonin positively affects calcium homeostasis in astrocytes and increases neuronal excitability. The latter effect must be considered carefully, as it could have beneficial or detrimental implications based on individual pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseline Cardon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Grobecker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Jenne
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Jahner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir M Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian H Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Tiwari A, Myeong J, Hashemiaghdam A, Zhang H, Niu X, Laramie MA, Stunault MI, Sponagel J, Patti G, Shriver L, Klyachko V, Ashrafi G. Mitochondrial pyruvate transport regulates presynaptic metabolism and neurotransmission. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.586011. [PMID: 38562794 PMCID: PMC10983914 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.586011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Glucose has long been considered the primary fuel source for the brain. However, glucose levels fluctuate in the brain during sleep, intense circuit activity, or dietary restrictions, posing significant metabolic stress. Here, we demonstrate that the mammalian brain utilizes pyruvate as a fuel source, and pyruvate can support neuronal viability in the absence of glucose. Nerve terminals are sites of metabolic vulnerability within a neuron and we show that mitochondrial pyruvate uptake is a critical step in oxidative ATP production in hippocampal terminals. We find that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is post-translationally modified by lysine acetylation which in turn modulates mitochondrial pyruvate uptake. Importantly, our data reveal that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier regulates distinct steps in synaptic transmission, namely, the spatiotemporal pattern of synaptic vesicle release and the efficiency of vesicle retrieval, functions that have profound implications for synaptic plasticity. In summary, we identify pyruvate as a potent neuronal fuel and mitochondrial pyruvate uptake as a critical node for the metabolic control of synaptic transmission in hippocampal terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Tiwari
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jongyun Myeong
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Arsalan Hashemiaghdam
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
- Present address: Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Xianfeng Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Marissa A Laramie
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Marion I Stunault
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jasmin Sponagel
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Gary Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Leah Shriver
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Vitaly Klyachko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Ghazaleh Ashrafi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis
- Needleman Center for Neurometabolism and Axonal Therapeutics, Washington University in St. Louis
- Lead Contact
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D'Andrea L, Audano M, Pedretti S, Pelucchi S, Stringhi R, Imperato G, De Cesare G, Cambria C, Laporte MH, Zamboni N, Antonucci F, Di Luca M, Mitro N, Marcello E. Glucose-derived glutamate drives neuronal terminal differentiation in vitro. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:991-1021. [PMID: 38243137 PMCID: PMC10933318 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuronal maturation is the phase during which neurons acquire their final characteristics in terms of morphology, electrical activity, and metabolism. However, little is known about the metabolic pathways governing neuronal maturation. Here, we investigate the contribution of the main metabolic pathways, namely glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid oxidation, during the maturation of primary rat hippocampal neurons. Blunting glucose oxidation through the genetic and chemical inhibition of the mitochondrial pyruvate transporter reveals that this protein is critical for the production of glutamate, which is required for neuronal arborization, proper dendritic elongation, and spine formation. Glutamate supplementation in the early phase of differentiation restores morphological defects and synaptic function in mitochondrial pyruvate transporter-inhibited cells. Furthermore, the selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors restores the impairment of neuronal differentiation due to the reduced generation of glucose-derived glutamate and rescues synaptic local translation. Fatty acid oxidation does not impact neuronal maturation. Whereas glutamine metabolism is important for mitochondria, it is not for endogenous glutamate production. Our results provide insights into the role of glucose-derived glutamate as a key player in neuronal terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D'Andrea
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pelucchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ramona Stringhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriele Imperato
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia De Cesare
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Cambria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054 Milan and via Vanvitelli 32, Milan, Italy
| | - Marine H Laporte
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), Via F.lli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20054 Milan and via Vanvitelli 32, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences "Rodolfo Paoletti", Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Grabowska K, Grabowski M, Przybyła M, Pondel N, Barski JJ, Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Liśkiewicz D. Ketogenic diet and behavior: insights from experimental studies. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1322509. [PMID: 38389795 PMCID: PMC10881757 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1322509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
As a journal page for full details. The ketogenic diet (KD) has been established as a treatment for epilepsy, but more recently it has been explored as an alternative or add-on therapy for many other diseases ranging from weight loss to neurological disorders. Animal models are widely used in studies investigating the therapeutic effects of the KD as well as underlying mechanisms. Especially in the context of neurological, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders essential endpoints are assessed by behavioral and motor tests. Here we summarized research evaluating the influence of the KD on cognition, depressive and anxiety-related behaviors, and social and nutritional behaviors of laboratory rodents. Each section contains a brief description of commonly used behavioral tests highlighting their limitations. Ninety original research articles, written in English, performed on mice or rats, providing measurement of blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels and behavioral evaluation were selected for the review. The majority of research performed in various disease models shows that the KD positively impacts cognition. Almost an equal number of studies report a reduction or no effect of the KD on depressive-related behaviors. For anxiety-related behaviors, the majority of studies show no effect. Despite the increasing use of the KD in weight loss and its appetite-reducing properties the behavioral evaluation of appetite regulation has not been addressed in preclinical studies. This review provides an overview of the behavioral effects of nutritional ketosis addressed to a broad audience of scientists interested in the KD field but not necessarily specializing in behavioral tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstancja Grabowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Grabowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Przybyła
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Pondel
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław J Barski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
- Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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Armstrong OJ, Neal ES, Vidovic D, Xu W, Borges K. Transient anticonvulsant effects of time-restricted feeding in the 6-Hz mouse model. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 151:109618. [PMID: 38184948 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intermittent fasting enhances neural bioenergetics, is neuroprotective, and elicits antioxidant effects in various animal models. There are conflicting findings on seizure protection, where intermittent fasting regimens often cause severe weight loss resembling starvation which is unsustainable long-term. Therefore, we tested whether a less intensive intermittent fasting regimen such as time-restricted feeding (TRF) may confer seizure protection. METHODS Male CD1 mice were assigned to either ad libitum-fed control, continuous 8 h TRF, or 8 h TRF with weekend ad libitum food access (2:5 TRF) for one month. Body weight, food intake, and blood glucose levels were measured. Seizure thresholds were determined at various time points using 6-Hz and maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) tests. Protein levels and mRNA expression of genes, enzyme activity related to glucose metabolism, as well as mitochondrial dynamics were assessed in the cortex and hippocampus. Markers of antioxidant defence were evaluated in the plasma, cortex, and liver. RESULTS Body weight gain was similar in the ad libitum-fed and TRF mouse groups. In both TRF regimens, blood glucose levels did not change between the fed and fasted state and were higher during fasting than in the ad libitum-fed groups. Mice in the TRF group had increased seizure thresholds in the 6-Hz test on day 15 and on day 19 in a second cohort of 2:5 TRF mice, but similar seizure thresholds at other time points compared to ad libitum-fed mice. Continuous TRF did not alter MEST seizure thresholds on day 28. Mice in the TRF group showed increased maximal activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the cortex, which was accompanied by increased protein levels of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 in the cortex and hippocampus. There were no other major changes in protein or mRNA levels associated with energy metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics in the brain, nor markers of antioxidant defence in the brain, liver, or plasma. CONCLUSIONS Both continuous and 2:5 TRF regimens transiently increased seizure thresholds in the 6-Hz model at around 2 weeks, which coincided with stability of blood glucose levels during the fed and fasted periods. Our findings suggest that the lack of prolonged anticonvulsant effects in the acute electrical seizure models employed may be attributed to only modest metabolic and antioxidant adaptations found in the brain and liver. Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic value of TRF in managing seizure-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Armstrong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Skerman Building 65, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elliott S Neal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Skerman Building 65, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Diana Vidovic
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Medical Building 181, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Weizhi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Skerman Building 65, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karin Borges
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Skerman Building 65, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Cardon I, Grobecker S, Kücükoktay S, Bader S, Jahner T, Nothdurfter C, Koschitzki K, Berneburg M, Weber BHF, Stöhr H, Höring M, Liebisch G, Braun F, Rothammer-Hampl T, Riemenschneider MJ, Rupprecht R, Milenkovic VM, Wetzel CH. Mitochondrial and Cellular Function in Fibroblasts, Induced Neurons, and Astrocytes Derived from Case Study Patients: Insights into Major Depression as a Mitochondria-Associated Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:963. [PMID: 38256041 PMCID: PMC10815943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The link between mitochondria and major depressive disorder (MDD) is increasingly evident, underscored both by mitochondria's involvement in many mechanisms identified in depression and the high prevalence of MDD in individuals with mitochondrial disorders. Mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism are increasingly considered to be involved in MDD's pathogenesis. This study focused on cellular and mitochondrial (dys)function in two atypical cases: an antidepressant non-responding MDD patient ("Non-R") and another with an unexplained mitochondrial disorder ("Mito"). Skin biopsies from these patients and controls were used to generate various cell types, including astrocytes and neurons, and cellular and mitochondrial functions were analyzed. Similarities were observed between the Mito patient and a broader MDD cohort, including decreased respiration and mitochondrial function. Conversely, the Non-R patient exhibited increased respiratory rates, mitochondrial calcium, and resting membrane potential. In conclusion, the Non-R patient's data offered a new perspective on MDD, suggesting a detrimental imbalance in mitochondrial and cellular processes, rather than simply reduced functions. Meanwhile, the Mito patient's data revealed the extensive effects of mitochondrial dysfunctions on cellular functions, potentially highlighting new MDD-associated impairments. Together, these case studies enhance our comprehension of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseline Cardon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Sonja Grobecker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Selin Kücükoktay
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Stefanie Bader
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Tatjana Jahner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Caroline Nothdurfter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Kevin Koschitzki
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. F. Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Human Genetics, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Stöhr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Braun
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Rothammer-Hampl
- Department of Neuropathology, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Rupprecht
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Vladimir M. Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
| | - Christian H. Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (I.C.)
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Zlatic SA, Werner E, Surapaneni V, Lee CE, Gokhale A, Singleton K, Duong D, Crocker A, Gentile K, Middleton F, Dalloul JM, Liu WLY, Patgiri A, Tarquinio D, Carpenter R, Faundez V. Systemic proteome phenotypes reveal defective metabolic flexibility in Mecp2 mutants. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 33:12-32. [PMID: 37712894 PMCID: PMC10729867 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes mutated in monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders are broadly expressed. This observation supports the concept that monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders are systemic diseases that profoundly impact neurodevelopment. We tested the systemic disease model focusing on Rett syndrome, which is caused by mutations in MECP2. Transcriptomes and proteomes of organs and brain regions from Mecp2-null mice as well as diverse MECP2-null male and female human cells were assessed. Widespread changes in the steady-state transcriptome and proteome were identified in brain regions and organs of presymptomatic Mecp2-null male mice as well as mutant human cell lines. The extent of these transcriptome and proteome modifications was similar in cortex, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle and more pronounced than in the hippocampus and striatum. In particular, Mecp2- and MECP2-sensitive proteomes were enriched in synaptic and metabolic annotated gene products, the latter encompassing lipid metabolism and mitochondrial pathways. MECP2 mutations altered pyruvate-dependent mitochondrial respiration while maintaining the capacity to use glutamine as a mitochondrial carbon source. We conclude that mutations in Mecp2/MECP2 perturb lipid and mitochondrial metabolism systemically limiting cellular flexibility to utilize mitochondrial fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Zlatic
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Steet, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Steet, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Veda Surapaneni
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Steet, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Chelsea E Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Steet, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Steet, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Kaela Singleton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Steet, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Amanda Crocker
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Bicentennial Way, Middlebury, VT 05753, United States
| | - Karen Gentile
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Frank Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 505 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | - Joseph Martin Dalloul
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - William Li-Yun Liu
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Anupam Patgiri
- Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Daniel Tarquinio
- Center for Rare Neurological Diseases, 5600 Oakbrook Pkwy, Norcross, GA 30093, United States
| | - Randall Carpenter
- Rett Syndrome Research Trust, 67 Under Cliff Rd, Trumbull, CT 06611, United States
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, 615 Michael Steet, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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9
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Zlatic SA, Werner E, Surapaneni V, Lee CE, Gokhale A, Singleton K, Duong D, Crocker A, Gentile K, Middleton F, Dalloul JM, Liu WLY, Patgiri A, Tarquinio D, Carpenter R, Faundez V. Systemic Proteome Phenotypes Reveal Defective Metabolic Flexibility in Mecp2 Mutants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535431. [PMID: 37066332 PMCID: PMC10103972 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Genes mutated in monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders are broadly expressed. This observation supports the concept that monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders are systemic diseases that profoundly impact neurodevelopment. We tested the systemic disease model focusing on Rett syndrome, which is caused by mutations in MECP2. Transcriptomes and proteomes of organs and brain regions from Mecp2-null mice as well as diverse MECP2-null male and female human cells were assessed. Widespread changes in the steady-state transcriptome and proteome were identified in brain regions and organs of presymptomatic Mecp2-null male mice as well as mutant human cell lines. The extent of these transcriptome and proteome modifications was similar in cortex, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle and more pronounced than in the hippocampus and striatum. In particular, Mecp2- and MECP2-sensitive proteomes were enriched in synaptic and metabolic annotated gene products, the latter encompassing lipid metabolism and mitochondrial pathways. MECP2 mutations altered pyruvate-dependent mitochondrial respiration while maintaining the capacity to use glutamine as a mitochondrial carbon source. We conclude that mutations in Mecp2/MECP2 perturb lipid and mitochondrial metabolism systemically limiting cellular flexibility to utilize mitochondrial fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Veda Surapaneni
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Chelsea E. Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Avanti Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Kaela Singleton
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Amanda Crocker
- Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont 05753
| | - Karen Gentile
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Frank Middleton
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Joseph Martin Dalloul
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - William Li-Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | - Anupam Patgiri
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
| | | | | | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA, 30322
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10
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Nunn AVW, Guy GW, Bell JD. Informing the Cannabis Conjecture: From Life's Beginnings to Mitochondria, Membranes and the Electrome-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13070. [PMID: 37685877 PMCID: PMC10488084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Before the late 1980s, ideas around how the lipophilic phytocannabinoids might be working involved membranes and bioenergetics as these disciplines were "in vogue". However, as interest in genetics and pharmacology grew, interest in mitochondria (and membranes) waned. The discovery of the cognate receptor for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) led to the classification of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and the conjecture that phytocannabinoids might be "working" through this system. However, the how and the "why" they might be beneficial, especially for compounds like CBD, remains unclear. Given the centrality of membranes and mitochondria in complex organisms, and their evolutionary heritage from the beginnings of life, revisiting phytocannabinoid action in this light could be enlightening. For example, life can be described as a self-organising and replicating far from equilibrium dissipating system, which is defined by the movement of charge across a membrane. Hence the building evidence, at least in animals, that THC and CBD modulate mitochondrial function could be highly informative. In this paper, we offer a unique perspective to the question, why and how do compounds like CBD potentially work as medicines in so many different conditions? The answer, we suggest, is that they can modulate membrane fluidity in a number of ways and thus dissipation and engender homeostasis, particularly under stress. To understand this, we need to embrace origins of life theories, the role of mitochondria in plants and explanations of disease and ageing from an adaptive thermodynamic perspective, as well as quantum mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair V. W. Nunn
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
- The Guy Foundation, Beaminster DT8 3HY, UK
| | - Geoffrey W. Guy
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
- The Guy Foundation, Beaminster DT8 3HY, UK
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (G.W.G.); (J.D.B.)
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11
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Tavoulari S, Sichrovsky M, Kunji ERS. Fifty years of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier: New insights into its structure, function, and inhibition. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14016. [PMID: 37366179 PMCID: PMC10909473 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) resides in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where it links cytosolic and mitochondrial metabolism by transporting pyruvate produced in glycolysis into the mitochondrial matrix. Due to its central metabolic role, it has been proposed as a potential drug target for diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, neurodegeneration, and cancers relying on mitochondrial metabolism. Little is known about the structure and mechanism of MPC, as the proteins involved were only identified a decade ago and technical difficulties concerning their purification and stability have hindered progress in functional and structural analyses. The functional unit of MPC is a hetero-dimer comprising two small homologous membrane proteins, MPC1/MPC2 in humans, with the alternative complex MPC1L/MPC2 forming in the testis, but MPC proteins are found throughout the tree of life. The predicted topology of each protomer consists of an amphipathic helix followed by three transmembrane helices. An increasing number of inhibitors are being identified, expanding MPC pharmacology and providing insights into the inhibitory mechanism. Here, we provide critical insights on the composition, structure, and function of the complex and we summarize the different classes of small molecule inhibitors and their potential in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Tavoulari
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maximilian Sichrovsky
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Edmund R. S. Kunji
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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12
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Ghazaryan A, Wallace JA, Tang WW, Barba C, Lee SH, Bauer KM, Nelson MC, Kim CN, Stubben C, Voth WP, Rao DS, O’Connell RM. miRNA-1 promotes acute myeloid leukemia cell pathogenesis through metabolic regulation. Front Genet 2023; 14:1192799. [PMID: 37229187 PMCID: PMC10203238 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1192799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous and deadly disease characterized by uncontrolled expansion of malignant blasts. Altered metabolism and dysregulated microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles are both characteristic of AML. However, there is a paucity of studies exploring how changes in the metabolic state of the leukemic cells regulate miRNA expression leading to altered cellular behavior. Here, we blocked pyruvate entry into mitochondria by deleting the Mitochondria Pyruvate Carrier (MPC1) gene in human AML cell lines, which decreased Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS). This metabolic shift also led to increased expression of miR-1 in the human AML cell lines tested. AML patient sample datasets showed that higher miR-1 expression correlates with reduced survival. Transcriptional and metabolic profiling of miR-1 overexpressing AML cells revealed that miR-1 increased OXPHOS, along with key metabolites that fuel the TCA cycle such as glutamine and fumaric acid. Inhibition of glutaminolysis decreased OXPHOS in miR-1 overexpressing MV4-11 cells, highlighting that miR-1 promotes OXPHOS through glutaminolysis. Finally, overexpression of miR-1 in AML cells exacerbated disease in a mouse xenograft model. Together, our work expands current knowledge within the field by uncovering novel connections between AML cell metabolism and miRNA expression that facilitates disease progression. Further, our work points to miR-1 as a potential new therapeutic target that may be used to disrupt AML cell metabolism and thus pathogenesis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arevik Ghazaryan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jared A. Wallace
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - William W. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Cindy Barba
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Soh-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kaylyn M. Bauer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Morgan C. Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Carissa N. Kim
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Chris Stubben
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Warren P. Voth
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dinesh S. Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ryan M. O’Connell
- Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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13
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Liu Y, Yuan Y, Yan Y, Wang R, Wang Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Hua J, Wang Y, Zhao L. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats. Life Sci 2023; 325:121686. [PMID: 37030616 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical pathological change in cerebral ischemia. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein carrier participating in pyruvate transport. The work is aiming to figure out the effect of MPC1 on cerebral ischemia. MAIN METHODS Bilateral internal carotid artery embolization (BICAO) rats model and cells model from oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) were used to simulate cerebral ischemia in vivo and in vitro. The effect of MPC1 on cerebral ischemia was detected by imaging, behavioral test, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot and RT-Q-PCR. RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) was applied to explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the role of MPC1 in cerebral ischemia. KEY FINDING After BICAO or OGD/R treatment, MPC1 expression in ischemic cortical neurons was significantly decreased, and MPC1 deficiency significantly reduced cerebral blood flow, decreased locomotion activities, and exacerbated neuronal injury. Moreover, MPC1 deficiency obviously aggravated oxidative stress, structural disruption and dysfunction of mitochondria, autophagy and calcium overload of ischemic cortical neurons. Interestingly, MPC1 overexpression remarkably reversed neuronal loss and persisting neuronal deficits induced by OGD. Using RNA-seq, 38 MPC1-associated differentially expressed genes were involved in oxidative stress, autophagy and calcium overload. Our results further confirmed that MPC1 could alleviate autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in the ischemic cortical neurons. SIGNIFICANCE MPC1 may exert neuroprotective effects by attenuating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload and autophagy during cerebral ischemia. MPC1-related genes identified by RNA-seq may be a novel therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Hua
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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14
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Petrelli F, Scandella V, Montessuit S, Zamboni N, Martinou JC, Knobloch M. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism regulates the activation of quiescent adult neural stem cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd5220. [PMID: 36857455 PMCID: PMC9977184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is important for adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) behavior. However, its role in the transition from quiescence to proliferation is not fully understood. We here show that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a crucial and unexpected part in this process. MPC transports pyruvate into mitochondria, linking cytosolic glycolysis to mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Despite its metabolic key function, the role of MPC in NSPCs has not been addressed. We show that quiescent NSPCs have an active mitochondrial metabolism and express high levels of MPC. Pharmacological MPC inhibition increases aspartate and triggers NSPC activation. Furthermore, genetic Mpc1 ablation in vitro and in vivo also activates NSPCs, which differentiate into mature neurons, leading to overall increased hippocampal neurogenesis in adult and aged mice. These findings highlight the importance of metabolism for NSPC regulation and identify an important pathway through which mitochondrial pyruvate import controls NSPC quiescence and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Petrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Scandella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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McCommis KS, Finck BN. The Hepatic Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier as a Regulator of Systemic Metabolism and a Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:261. [PMID: 36830630 PMCID: PMC9953669 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate sits at an important metabolic crossroads of intermediary metabolism. As a product of glycolysis in the cytosol, it must be transported into the mitochondrial matrix for the energy stored in this nutrient to be fully harnessed to generate ATP or to become the building block of new biomolecules. Given the requirement for mitochondrial import, it is not surprising that the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) has emerged as a target for therapeutic intervention in a variety of diseases characterized by altered mitochondrial and intermediary metabolism. In this review, we focus on the role of the MPC and related metabolic pathways in the liver in regulating hepatic and systemic energy metabolism and summarize the current state of targeting this pathway to treat diseases of the liver. Available evidence suggests that inhibiting the MPC in hepatocytes and other cells of the liver produces a variety of beneficial effects for treating type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We also highlight areas where our understanding is incomplete regarding the pleiotropic effects of MPC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S. McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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16
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Understanding the Role of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Abnormal Myelination in Excessive Aggression Associated with Depression: Recent Input from Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020915. [PMID: 36674429 PMCID: PMC9861430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggression and deficient cognitive control problems are widespread in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). These abnormalities are known to contribute significantly to the accompanying functional impairment and the global burden of disease. Progress in the development of targeted treatments of excessive aggression and accompanying symptoms has been limited, and there exists a major unmet need to develop more efficacious treatments for depressed patients. Due to the complex nature and the clinical heterogeneity of MDD and the lack of precise knowledge regarding its pathophysiology, effective management is challenging. Nonetheless, the aetiology and pathophysiology of MDD has been the subject of extensive research and there is a vast body of the latest literature that points to new mechanisms for this disorder. Here, we overview the key mechanisms, which include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, insulin receptor signalling and abnormal myelination. We discuss the hypotheses that have been proposed to unify these processes, as many of these pathways are integrated for the neurobiology of MDD. We also describe the current translational approaches in modelling depression, including the recent advances in stress models of MDD, and emerging novel therapies, including novel approaches to management of excessive aggression, such as anti-diabetic drugs, antioxidant treatment and herbal compositions.
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17
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CKII Control of Axonal Plasticity Is Mediated by Mitochondrial Ca 2+ via Mitochondrial NCLX. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243990. [PMID: 36552754 PMCID: PMC9777275 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux by NCLX is a critical rate-limiting step in mitochondria signaling. We previously showed that NCLX is phosphorylated at a putative Casein Kinase 2 (CKII) site, the serine 271 (S271). Here, we asked if NCLX is regulated by CKII and interrogated the physiological implications of this control. We found that CKII inhibitors down-regulated NCLX-dependent Ca2+ transport activity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and primary hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we show that the CKII phosphomimetic mutants on NCLX inhibited (S271A) and constitutively activated (S271D) NCLX transport, respectively, rendering it insensitive to CKII inhibition. These phosphomimetic NCLX mutations also control the allosteric regulation of NCLX by mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Since the omnipresent CKII is necessary for modulating the plasticity of the axon initial segment (AIS), we interrogated, in hippocampal neurons, if NCLX is required for this process. Similarly to WT neurons, NCLX-KO neurons can exhibit homeostatic plasticity following M-channel block. However, while WT neurons utilize a CKII-sensitive distal relocation of AIS Na+ and Kv7 channels to decrease their intrinsic excitability, we did not observe such translocation in NCLX-KO neurons. Thus, our results indicate that NCLX is regulated by CKII and is a crucial link between CKII signaling and fast neuronal plasticity.
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18
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Arnst N, Redolfi N, Lia A, Bedetta M, Greotti E, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Signaling and Bioenergetics in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3025. [PMID: 36551781 PMCID: PMC9775979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hereditary and sporadic neurodegenerative illness defined by the gradual and cumulative loss of neurons in specific brain areas. The processes that cause AD are still under investigation and there are no available therapies to halt it. Current progress puts at the forefront the "calcium (Ca2+) hypothesis" as a key AD pathogenic pathway, impacting neuronal, astrocyte and microglial function. In this review, we focused on mitochondrial Ca2+ alterations in AD, their causes and bioenergetic consequences in neuronal and glial cells, summarizing the possible mechanisms linking detrimental mitochondrial Ca2+ signals to neuronal death in different experimental AD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Arnst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nelly Redolfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Lia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Bedetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy
- Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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19
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Bar-Peled L, Kory N. Principles and functions of metabolic compartmentalization. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1232-1244. [PMID: 36266543 PMCID: PMC10155461 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism has historically been studied at the levels of whole cells, whole tissues and whole organisms. As a result, our understanding of how compartmentalization-the spatial and temporal separation of pathways and components-shapes organismal metabolism remains limited. At its essence, metabolic compartmentalization fulfils three important functions or 'pillars': establishing unique chemical environments, providing protection from reactive metabolites and enabling the regulation of metabolic pathways. However, how these pillars are established, regulated and maintained at both the cellular and systemic levels remains unclear. Here we discuss how the three pillars are established, maintained and regulated within the cell and discuss the consequences of dysregulation of metabolic compartmentalization in human disease. Organelles are increasingly emerging as 'command-and-control centres' and the increased understanding of metabolic compartmentalization is revealing new aspects of metabolic homeostasis, with this knowledge being translated into therapies for the treatment of cancer and certain neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Bar-Peled
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nora Kory
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Gøtzsche CR, Woldbye DPD, Hundahl CA, Hay-Schmidt A. Neuroglobin deficiency increases seizure susceptibility but does not affect basal behavior in mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1921-1932. [PMID: 35822521 PMCID: PMC9544565 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroglobin (Ngb) is found in the neurones of several different brain areas and is known to bind oxygen and other gaseous molecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, but it does not seem to act as a respiratory molecule for neurones. Using male and female Ngb‐knockout (KO) mice, we addressed the role of Ngb in neuronal brain activity using behavioral tests but found no differences in general behaviors, memory processes, and anxiety−/depression‐like behaviors. Oxidative stress and ROS play key roles in epileptogenesis, and oxidative injury produced by an excessive production of free radicals is involved in the initiation and progression of epilepsy. The ROS binding properties led us to hypothesize that lack of Ngb could affect central coping with excitatory stimuli. We consequently explored whether exposure to the excitatory molecule kainate (KA) would increase severity of seizures in mice lacking Ngb. We found that the duration and severity of seizures were increased, while the latency time to develop seizures was shortened in Ngb‐KO compared to wildtype adult female mice. Consistently, c‐fos expression after KA was significantly increased in Ngb‐KO mice in the amygdala and piriform cortex, regions rich in Ngb and known to be centrally involved in seizure generation. Moreover, the measured c‐fos expression levels were correlated with seizure susceptibility. With these new findings combined with previous studies we propose that Ngb could constitute an intrinsic defense mechanism against neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative stress by buffering of ROS in amygdala and other Ngb‐containing brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper R Gøtzsche
- Department for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Department for Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Yiew NKH, Finck BN. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier at the crossroads of intermediary metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E33-E52. [PMID: 35635330 PMCID: PMC9273276 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00074.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate metabolism, a central nexus of carbon homeostasis, is an evolutionarily conserved process and aberrant pyruvate metabolism is associated with and contributes to numerous human metabolic disorders including diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. As a product of glycolysis, pyruvate is primarily generated in the cytosol before being transported into the mitochondrion for further metabolism. Pyruvate entry into the mitochondrial matrix is a critical step for efficient generation of reducing equivalents and ATP and for the biosynthesis of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids from pyruvate. However, for many years, the identity of the carrier protein(s) that transported pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix remained a mystery. In 2012, the molecular-genetic identification of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC), a heterodimeric complex composed of protein subunits MPC1 and MPC2, enabled studies that shed light on the many metabolic and physiological processes regulated by pyruvate metabolism. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating pyruvate transport and the processes affected by pyruvate metabolism may enable novel therapeutics to modulate mitochondrial pyruvate flux to treat a variety of disorders. Herein, we review our current knowledge of the MPC, discuss recent advances in the understanding of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism in various tissue and cell types, and address some of the outstanding questions relevant to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K H Yiew
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brian N Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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