1
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Gwon HJ, Chung YH, Lim DS, Cho W, Choi SW, Abd El-Aty AM, Song JH, Shin YK, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Uvaol ameliorates lipid deposition in hyperlipidemic hepatocytes by suppressing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B/ER stress signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150387. [PMID: 39002201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Uvaol (UV), a pentacyclic triterpene found in olives and virgin olive oil, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various disease models. While olive oil is reported to reduce obesity and insulin resistance, the specific impact of UV on liver lipid metabolism and its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, hepatic lipid accumulation was measured using oil red O staining, and protein expression levels in liver cells were assessed via Western blot analysis. Apoptosis was evaluated through cell viability and caspase 3 activity assays. UV treatment reduced lipid accumulation, fatty acid uptake, apoptosis, and ER stress in palmitate-treated liver cells. Additionally, UV enhanced fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, increased SIRT6 expression and autophagy were observed in UV-treated cells. SIRT6-targeted siRNA or 3-methyladenine blocked the effects of UV in hyperlipidemic cells. In conclusion, UV improves SIRT6/autophagy signaling, reducing lipid deposition and apoptosis in liver cells under high lipid conditions. This in vitro study provides strong evidence for potential therapeutic strategies for hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Gwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Su Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Delpino MV, Quarleri J. Perilipin 2 inhibits replication of hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid by regulating autophagy under high-fat conditions. World J Virol 2024; 13:90384. [PMID: 38616854 PMCID: PMC11008407 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i1.90384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a global health concern without a definitive cure; however, antiviral medications can effectively suppress viral replication. This study delves into the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and HBV replication, implicating molecular mechanisms such as the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 autophagy pathway, SAC1-like phosphatidylinositol phosphatase, and galectin-9 mediated selective autophagy of viral core proteins in regulating HBV replication. Within lipid droplets, perilipin 2 (PLIN2) emerges as a pivotal guardian, with its overexpression protecting against autophagy and downregulation stimulating triglyceride catabolism through the autophagy pathway. This editorial discusses the correlation between hepatic steatosis and HBV replication, emphasizing the role of PLIN2 in this process. The study underscores the multifaceted roles of lipid metabolism, autophagy, and perilipins in HBV replication, shedding light on potential therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
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3
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Sadeghi A, Niknam M, Momeni-Moghaddam MA, Shabani M, Aria H, Bastin A, Teimouri M, Meshkani R, Akbari H. Crosstalk between autophagy and insulin resistance: evidence from different tissues. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:456. [PMID: 37876013 PMCID: PMC10599071 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a critical hormone that promotes energy storage in various tissues, as well as anabolic functions. Insulin resistance significantly reduces these responses, resulting in pathological conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The management of insulin resistance requires better knowledge of its pathophysiological mechanisms to prevent secondary complications, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent evidence regarding the etiological mechanisms behind insulin resistance emphasizes the role of energy imbalance and neurohormonal dysregulation, both of which are closely regulated by autophagy. Autophagy is a conserved process that maintains homeostasis in cells. Accordingly, autophagy abnormalities have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, T2DM, obesity, and CVDs. Thus, there may be a link between autophagy and insulin resistance. Therefore, the interaction between autophagy and insulin function will be examined in this review, particularly in insulin-responsive tissues, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Niknam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Bastin
- Clinical Research Development Center "The Persian Gulf Martyrs" Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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4
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Ghanem M, Lewis GF, Xiao C. Recent advances in cytoplasmic lipid droplet metabolism in intestinal enterocyte. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159197. [PMID: 35820577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Processing of dietary fats in the intestine is a highly regulated process that influences whole-body energy homeostasis and multiple physiological functions. Dysregulated lipid handling in the intestine leads to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In intestinal enterocytes, lipids are incorporated into lipoproteins and cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). Lipoprotein synthesis and CLD metabolism are inter-connected pathways with multiple points of regulation. This review aims to highlight recent advances in the regulatory mechanisms of lipid processing in the enterocyte, with particular focus on CLDs. In-depth understanding of the regulation of lipid metabolism in the enterocyte may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murooj Ghanem
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, and University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Changting Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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5
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Cr(VI)-induced overactive mitophagy contributes to mitochondrial loss and cytotoxicity in L02 hepatocytes. Biochem J 2021; 477:2607-2619. [PMID: 32597464 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] has aroused the main interest of environmental health researchers due to its high toxicity. Liver is the main target organ of Cr(VI), and the purpose of this study was to explore whether mitophagy contributes to Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity and to demonstrate the potential mechanisms. Cr(VI) exposure induced mitochondrial loss, energy metabolism disorders and cell apoptosis, which were associated with the occurrence of excessive mitophagy characterized by the increased number of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (GFP-LC3) puncta and lysosomal colocalization with mitochondria. In addition, the suppression of mitophagy by autophagy-related 5 (ATG5) siRNA can effectively inhibit Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial loss and cytotoxicity. In summary, we reached the conclusion that Cr(VI)-induced overactive mitophagy contributes to mitochondrial loss and cytotoxicity in L02 hepatocytes, which will further reveal the possible mechanisms of Cr(VI)-induced hepatotoxicity, and provide a new experimental basis for the study of the health hazard effects of chromium.
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6
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Huang M, Yang X, Wang Z, Long J, Wang A, Zhang Y, Yan D. Lipophagy: A New Perspective of Natural Products in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2985-2999. [PMID: 34234495 PMCID: PMC8256822 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s310166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to involve in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which protects the insulin target tissues and pancreatic β-cells. However, autophagy is inhibited when the cells are lipid overload. That, in turn, increases the accumulation of fat. Lipotoxicity caused by excessive lipid accumulation contributes to pathogenesis of T2DM. Therefore, it is undeniable to break the vicious circles between lipid excess and autophagy deficiency. Lipophagy, a selective form of autophagy, is characterized by selective breakdown of lipid droplets (LDs). The nutritional status of cells contributes to the way of autophagy (selective or non-selective), while selective autophagy helps to accurately remove excess substances. It seems that lipophagy could be an effective means to decrease abnormal lipid accumulation that leads to insulin resistance and β-cell impairment by removing ectopic LDs. Based on this process, many natural compounds have been reported to decrease lipid accumulation in tissues through autophagy-lysosomal pathway, which gradually highlights the significance of lipophagy. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that lipophagy improves T2DM and natural products that are applied to induce lipophagy. It is also suggested that natural herbs with rich contents of natural products inducing lipophagy would be potential candidates for alleviating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-Characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianglan Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of China
- Yi Zhang Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Medicine, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, No. 1, Chunlan 2nd Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401121, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 23-86072771 Email
| | - Dan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Dan Yan Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong’an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 10-63139318 Email
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Correnti J, Lin C, Brettschneider J, Kuriakose A, Jeon S, Scorletti E, Oranu A, McIver-Jenkins D, Kaneza I, Buyco D, Saiman Y, Furth EE, Argemi J, Bataller R, Holland WL, Carr RM. Liver-specific ceramide reduction alleviates steatosis and insulin resistance in alcohol-fed mice. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:983-994. [PMID: 32398264 PMCID: PMC7328039 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol's impairment of both hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance (IR) are key drivers of alcoholic steatosis, the initial stage of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Pharmacologic reduction of lipotoxic ceramide prevents alcoholic steatosis and glucose intolerance in mice, but potential off-target effects limit its strategic utility. Here, we employed a hepatic-specific acid ceramidase (ASAH) overexpression model to reduce hepatic ceramides in a Lieber-DeCarli model of experimental alcoholic steatosis. We examined effects of alcohol on hepatic lipid metabolism, body composition, energy homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity as measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Our results demonstrate that hepatic ceramide reduction ameliorates the effects of alcohol on hepatic lipid droplet (LD) accumulation by promoting VLDL secretion and lipophagy, the latter of which involves ceramide cross-talk between the lysosomal and LD compartments. We additionally demonstrate that hepatic ceramide reduction prevents alcohol's inhibition of hepatic insulin signaling. These effects on the liver are associated with a reduction in oxidative stress markers and are relevant to humans, as we observe peri- LD ASAH expression in human ALD. Together, our results suggest a potential role for hepatic ceramide inhibition in preventing ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Correnti
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chelsea Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Amy Kuriakose
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eleonora Scorletti
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanke Oranu
- Division of Gastroenterology, United Health Services, Binghamton, NY
| | - Dru McIver-Jenkins
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Isabelle Kaneza
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Delfin Buyco
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yedidya Saiman
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emma E Furth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Josepmaria Argemi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, Pittsburgh Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rotonya M Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. mailto:
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8
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Trivedi PC, Bartlett JJ, Pulinilkunnil T. Lysosomal Biology and Function: Modern View of Cellular Debris Bin. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051131. [PMID: 32375321 PMCID: PMC7290337 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are the main proteolytic compartments of mammalian cells comprising of a battery of hydrolases. Lysosomes dispose and recycle extracellular or intracellular macromolecules by fusing with endosomes or autophagosomes through specific waste clearance processes such as chaperone-mediated autophagy or microautophagy. The proteolytic end product is transported out of lysosomes via transporters or vesicular membrane trafficking. Recent studies have demonstrated lysosomes as a signaling node which sense, adapt and respond to changes in substrate metabolism to maintain cellular function. Lysosomal dysfunction not only influence pathways mediating membrane trafficking that culminate in the lysosome but also govern metabolic and signaling processes regulating protein sorting and targeting. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of lysosome in influencing sorting and nutrient signaling. We further present a mechanistic overview of intra-lysosomal processes, along with extra-lysosomal processes, governing lysosomal fusion and fission, exocytosis, positioning and membrane contact site formation. This review compiles existing knowledge in the field of lysosomal biology by describing various lysosomal events necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis facilitating development of therapies maintaining lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi C. Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada; (P.C.T.); (J.J.B.)
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Jordan J. Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada; (P.C.T.); (J.J.B.)
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada; (P.C.T.); (J.J.B.)
- Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(506)-636-6973
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9
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Challa TD, Wueest S, Lucchini FC, Dedual M, Modica S, Borsigova M, Wolfrum C, Blüher M, Konrad D. Liver ASK1 protects from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and fibrosis. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e10124. [PMID: 31595673 PMCID: PMC6783644 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201810124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with obesity and may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. The deficit of pharmacological therapies for the latter mainly results from an incomplete understanding of involved pathological mechanisms. Herein, we identify apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) as a suppressor of NASH and fibrosis formation. High-fat diet-fed and aged chow-fed liver-specific ASK1-knockout mice develop a higher degree of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis compared to controls. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of ASK1 increased hepatic lipid accumulation in wild-type mice. In line, liver-specific ASK1 overexpression protected mice from the development of high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis. Mechanistically, ASK1 depletion blunts autophagy, thereby enhancing lipid droplet accumulation and liver fibrosis. In human livers of lean and obese subjects, ASK1 expression correlated negatively with liver fat content and NASH scores, but positively with markers for autophagy. Taken together, ASK1 may be a novel therapeutic target to tackle NAFLD and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenagne D Challa
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
| | - Fabrizio C Lucchini
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mara Dedual
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Salvatore Modica
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | - Marcela Borsigova
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and HealthETH ZurichSchwerzenbachSwitzerland
| | | | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and DiabetologyUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Children's Research CenterUniversity Children's HospitalZurichSwitzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human PhysiologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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10
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Xiao J, Deng YM, Liu XR, Cao JP, Zhou M, Tang YL, Xiong WH, Jiang ZS, Tang ZH, Liu LS. PCSK9: A new participant in lipophagy in regulating atherosclerosis? Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:358-364. [PMID: 31075236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) regulates lipid metabolism by degrading low-density lipoprotein receptor on the surface of hepatocytes. PCSK9-mediated lipid degradation is associated with lipophagy. Lipophagy is a process by which autophagosomes selectively sequester lipid-droplet-stored lipids and are delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Lipophagy was first discovered in hepatocytes, and its occurrence provides important fundamental insights into how lipid metabolism regulates cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Furthermore, PCSK9 may regulate lipid levels by affecting lipophagy. This review will discuss recent advances by which PCSK9 mediates lipid degradation via the lipophagy pathway and present lipophagy as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Yi-Min Deng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiang-Rui Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Cao
- Hunan Environmental Biology Vocational and Technical College, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Min Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
| | - Lu-Shan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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11
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The Alisma and Rhizoma decoction abates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated liver injuries in mice by modulating oxidative stress and autophagy. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:92. [PMID: 31035991 PMCID: PMC6489313 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of the Alisma and Rhizoma decoction on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and to further shed light on the underlying mechanisms of the actions of the Alisma and Rhizoma decoction. Methods Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) content was determined and liver inflammation and fibrosis were evaluated. Intrahepatocellular malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase contents were determined using commercially available kits Furthermore, α-SMA expression in liver tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry and LC3-II was detected by immunoblotting assays. Results Mice receiving the Alisma and Rhizoma decoction by gastric lavage had significantly lower plasma ALT content and markedly higher hepatic superoxide dismutase activity than mice receiving the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet. Furthermore, the decoction aborted MCD-induced increase in liver malondialdehyde content. Immunohistochemistry showed that the decoction suppressed hepatic α-SMA expression. Our transmission electronic microscopy revealed that the decoction markedly reduced the number of autophagosomes and immunoblotting assays showed that the decoction caused a dose-dependent decrease in LC3-II in hepatic tissues. Conclusion The Alisma and Rhizoma decoction lessens NASH-associated liver injuries by modulating oxidative stress and autophagy in hepatocytes of mice fed with MCD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2488-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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12
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Shi Y, Jia M, Xu L, Fang Z, Wu W, Zhang Q, Chung P, Lin Y, Wang S, Zhang Y. miR-96 and autophagy are involved in the beneficial effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins against high-fat-diet-induced dyslipidemia in mice. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1222-1232. [PMID: 30848548 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the possible signaling pathways underlying the regulation of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts (GSPE) on lipid metabolism. One hundred male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control group (normal diet), GSPE group (normal diet + GSPE), high-fat diet group (HFD), and high-fat diet plus GSPE (200 mg/kg/day) group (HFD + GSPE). Mice received the diets for 180 days. Body weight and serum lipid levels were measured. Autophagic flux characteristics, such as accumulation of lipids, mitochondria, and autophagosomes in the liver, were detected using transmission electron microscopy. Expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the liver was determined using RNA microarray and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRt-PCR). GSPE significantly decreased the weight gain, serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the HFD mice. Autophagic flux was significantly increased by HFD but decreased by GSPE treatment. GSPE significantly attenuated HFD-induced miR-96 upregulation, which in turn reduced the expressions of miR-96 downstream molecules, FOXO1, mTOR, p-mTOR, and LC3A/B. These results suggested that the miR-96 is involved in the protective effect of GSPE against HFD-induced dyslipidemia. Possible mechanisms might be through mTOR and FOXO1, which facilitate autophagic flux for clearance of lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Shi
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghan Jia
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Fang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter Chung
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenming Wang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjian Zhang
- Department of Thyroid, Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Lee YM, Kim MK, Choo H, Chong Y. Conjugation with Phenylalanine Enhances Autophagy-Inducing Activity of (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate in Hepatic Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12741-12747. [PMID: 30418776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as an autophagy-enhancing and thereby lipid-lowering agent, optimization of its activity warrants its therapeutic potential in the treatment of hepatic diseases as well as metabolic disorders. On the basis of our previous observations that structural modifications provided substantial improvements in the bioactivity of EGCG, we investigated the autophagy-enhancing activity of EGCG derivatives. Among 14 EGCG derivatives, E10 with a phenylalanine attached to the D ring of EGCG exhibited the most promising effects in stimulating autophagy in Huh7 cells, which was supported by several lines of evidence: (1) stimulation of autophagy revealed by an increased amount of LC3B-II (4.1 ± 0.8-fold compared to the control) as well as the 2.0 ± 0.1-fold activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in the presence of E10 and (2) E10-stimulated autophagic flux demonstrated by a 1.6 ± 0.4-fold increase in LC3B-II upon co-treatment with chloroquine, 38.1 ± 5.6% reduction of p62/SQSTM1, and an increase in the formation of autophagic compartments visualized by both CYTO-ID staining (3.0 ± 0.1-fold) and tandem RFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence (2.7 ± 0.4- and 3.2 ± 0.3-fold for green and red fluorescence, respectively). Finally, the autophagy-inducing activity of E10 culminated in a 5.3-fold reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation caused by fatty acids. In all of the assay settings, E10 was consistently 1.3-3.5-fold more potent than EGCG. Taken together, we demonstrated a significant increase in autophagy-stimulating activity of EGCG through structural modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Min Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Reverse Metabolomics Research Center , Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 , Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Reverse Metabolomics Research Center , Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 , Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Neuro-Medicine Center, Life/Health Division , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 39-1 Hawolgok-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791 , Korea
| | - Youhoon Chong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Reverse Metabolomics Research Center , Konkuk University , 1 Hwayang-dong , Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701 , Korea
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14
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Yang M, Zhang Y, Ren J. Autophagic Regulation of Lipid Homeostasis in Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:38. [PMID: 29774216 PMCID: PMC5943591 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important protein quality control process, autophagy is essential for the degradation and removal of long-lived or injured cellular components and organelles. Autophagy is known to participate in a number of pathophysiological processes including cardiometabolic syndrome. Recent findings have shown compelling evidence for the intricate interplay between autophagy and lipid metabolism. Autophagy serves as a major regulator of lipid homeostasis while lipid can also influence autophagosome formation and autophagic signaling. Lipophagy is a unique form of selective autophagy and functions as a fundamental mechanism for clearance of lipid excess in atherosclerotic plaques. Ample of evidence has denoted a novel therapeutic potential for autophagy in deranged lipid metabolism and management of cardiometabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Here we will review the interplays between cardiac autophagy and lipid metabolism in an effort to seek new therapeutic options for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, United States
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15
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Hints on ATGL implications in cancer: beyond bioenergetic clues. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:316. [PMID: 29472527 PMCID: PMC5833653 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among metabolic rearrangements occurring in cancer cells, lipid metabolism alteration has become a hallmark, aimed at sustaining accelerated proliferation. In particular, fatty acids (FAs) are dramatically required by cancer cells as signalling molecules and membrane building blocks, beyond bioenergetics. Along with de novo biosynthesis, free FAs derive from dietary sources or from intracellular lipid droplets, which represent the storage of triacylglycerols (TAGs). Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme of lipolysis, catalysing the first step of intracellular TAGs hydrolysis in several tissues. However, the roles of ATGL in cancer are still neglected though a putative tumour suppressor function of ATGL has been envisaged, as its expression is frequently reduced in different human cancers (e.g., lung, muscle, and pancreas). In this review, we will introduce lipid metabolism focusing on ATGL functions and regulation in normal cell physiology providing also speculative perspectives on potential non-energetic functions of ATGL in cancer. In particular, we will discuss how ATGL is implicated, mainly through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) signalling, in inflammation, redox homoeostasis and autophagy, which are well-known processes deregulated during cancer formation and/or progression.
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16
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Petibone DM, Majeed W, Casciano DA. Autophagy function and its relationship to pathology, clinical applications, drug metabolism and toxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 37:23-37. [PMID: 27682190 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that facilitates nutrient turnover and removal of expended macromolecules and organelles to maintain homeostasis. The recycling of cytosolic macromolecules and damaged organelles by autophagosomes occurs through the lysosomal degradation pathway. Autophagy can also be upregulated as a prosurvival pathway in response to stress stimuli such as starvation, hypoxia or cell damage. Over the last two decades, there has been a surge in research revealing the basic molecular mechanisms of autophagy in mammalian cells. A corollary of an advanced understanding of autophagy has been a concurrent expansion of research into understanding autophagic function and dysfunction in pathology. Recent studies have revealed a pivotal role for autophagy in drug toxicity, and for utilizing autophagic components as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in treating disease and cancer. In this review, advances in understanding the molecular basis of mammalian autophagy, methods used to induce and evaluate autophagy, and the diverse interactions between autophagy and drug toxicity, disease progression and carcinogenesis are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayton M Petibone
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Waqar Majeed
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
| | - Daniel A Casciano
- Center of Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA
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