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Xu Z, Wu Y, Chen X, Jin B. Identification of tumor-antigen signatures and immune subtypes for messenger RNA vaccine selection in advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Surgery 2024; 176:785-797. [PMID: 38851900 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2024.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma still lacks reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Recently, tumor vaccines targeting specific molecules have been proposed as a promising treatment in mitigating tumor progression, which was rekindled under the background of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the application of messenger RNA vaccine against advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma antigens remains stagnant, and no subgroup of patients deemed suitable for vaccination has been extensively studied or validated. Our study aims to explore novel advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma antigen signatures to select suitable patients for vaccination. METHODS Gene expression profiles of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma samples and their corresponding clinical data were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model was applied to develop signatures to stratify patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the prognostic accuracy of each factor. Tumor Immune Estimation Resource was used to visualize the relationship between the proportion of antigen-presenting cells and the expression of filtered genes. The "CIBERSORT" and "WGCNA" R Packages were employed to ascertain disparities in immune infiltration levels between advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma subgroups. The Search Tools for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein-protein interaction network. CCK-8 and colony formation assays were included in the invitro experiment. RESULTS In total, 244 potential tumor antigens were identified. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression, 21 tumor antigens were selected for developing a risk evaluation signature. The risk score signature can be a useful tool to predict the outcome of advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients. According to the differential clinical, molecular, and immune-related genes, we divided advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients into the immune "cold" subtype and immune "hot" subtype. By developing a logistic score, the immune subtype signature can better distinguish a patient more likely to be immune "cold" subtype or immune "hot" subtype. Interestingly, patients with high risk scores had a higher proportion of immune "hot" subtype than those with a low risk score. Furthermore, the prognostic value was significantly improved when combining risk score and immune subtype. Distinct immune landscapes and signal pathways were observed between different tumor subtypes. Finally, novel tumor antigens related to oxidative stress were identified. CONCLUSION The tumor-antigens-based risk score and immune subtype signatures identified potentially effective neo-antigens for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma messenger RNA vaccine development, and patients with low risk scores and immune "cold" subtype tumors are more prone to benefit from messenger RNA vaccination. Furthermore, our study highlights the significant role of oxidative stress in determining the efficacy of the messenger RNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Bladder Tumor Innovation Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Bladder Tumor Innovation Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Bladder Tumor Innovation Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baiye Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Bladder Tumor Innovation Diagnosis and Treatment, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Jin Z, De U, Tithi TI, Kleberg J, Nataraj A, Jolley E, Carelock ME, Davies BS, Zhang W, Kolb R. ANGPTL4 Suppresses Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma via Inhibition of Lysosomal Acid Lipase. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2242-2254. [PMID: 39105498 PMCID: PMC11348483 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, is a heterogeneous disease with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) being the most prevalent and aggressive subtype. While most ccRCC tumors have elevated expression of angiopoietin-like4 (ANGPTL4), in our study we identified a significant subset of patients whose cancers show no increase in ANGPTL4 expression. These patients have a worse prognosis compared to the patients with high expression of ANGPTL4. These ANGPTL4-low cancers are characterized by the increased frequency of wild-type Von Hippel-Lindau(WT VHL), a gene that is commonly mutated in ccRCC, and an enrichment for genes associated with lipid metabolism. Using RCC tumor models with WT VHL, we demonstrate that ANGPTL4 behaves as a tumor suppressor. The loss of ANGPTL4 in ccRCC cell lines results in increased tumor growth and colony formation in a lysosomal acid lipase (LAL)-dependent manner, a phenotype rescued by the expression of N-terminus ANGPTL4. At the mechanistic level, the loss of ANGPTL4 increases LAL activity in ccRCC cells. These data suggest that ANGPTL4 enacts its tumor-suppressive effects in ccRCC by regulating LAL activity. Importantly, the identified patient cohort with low ANGPTL4 expression may exhibit increased reliance on lipid metabolism, which can be a point of target for future therapy. SIGNIFICANCE Our data indicate angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) acts as a tumor suppressor in clear cell renal cell carcinoma via regulating lipid metabolism and identifies a cohort of patients with lower expression of ANGPTL4 that are correlated with shorter survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Jin
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Umasankar De
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Tanzia Islam Tithi
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Jeremy Kleberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Akhila Nataraj
- Department of Health Science, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Elena Jolley
- Interdisciplinary Medical Sciences Division, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
| | - Madison E. Carelock
- Cancer Biology Concentration, Biomedical Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Brandon S. Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, and Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | - Ryan Kolb
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
- UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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3
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Abbott KL, Ali A, Reinfeld BI, Deik A, Subudhi S, Landis MD, Hongo RA, Young KL, Kunchok T, Nabel CS, Crowder KD, Kent JR, Madariaga MLL, Jain RK, Beckermann KE, Lewis CA, Clish CB, Muir A, Rathmell WK, Rathmell J, Vander Heiden MG. Metabolite profiling of human renal cell carcinoma reveals tissue-origin dominance in nutrient availability. eLife 2024; 13:RP95652. [PMID: 38787918 PMCID: PMC11126308 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a determinant of cancer progression and therapeutic efficacy, with nutrient availability playing an important role. Although it is established that the local abundance of specific nutrients defines the metabolic parameters for tumor growth, the factors guiding nutrient availability in tumor compared to normal tissue and blood remain poorly understood. To define these factors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we performed quantitative metabolomic and comprehensive lipidomic analyses of tumor interstitial fluid (TIF), adjacent normal kidney interstitial fluid (KIF), and plasma samples collected from patients. TIF nutrient composition closely resembles KIF, suggesting that tissue-specific factors unrelated to the presence of cancer exert a stronger influence on nutrient levels than tumor-driven alterations. Notably, select metabolite changes consistent with known features of RCC metabolism are found in RCC TIF, while glucose levels in TIF are not depleted to levels that are lower than those found in KIF. These findings inform tissue nutrient dynamics in RCC, highlighting a dominant role of non-cancer-driven tissue factors in shaping nutrient availability in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keene L Abbott
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Bradley I Reinfeld
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC)NashvilleUnited States
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUnited States
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Sonu Subudhi
- Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Madelyn D Landis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC)NashvilleUnited States
| | - Rachel A Hongo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC)NashvilleUnited States
| | - Kirsten L Young
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC)NashvilleUnited States
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | - Christopher S Nabel
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kayla D Crowder
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | - Johnathan R Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Rakesh K Jain
- Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Kathryn E Beckermann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC)NashvilleUnited States
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical ResearchCambridgeUnited States
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC)NashvilleUnited States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, VUMCNashvilleUnited States
| | - Jeffrey Rathmell
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, VUMCNashvilleUnited States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, VUMCNashvilleUnited States
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBostonUnited States
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4
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Grützmann K, Salomo K, Krüger A, Lohse-Fischer A, Erdmann K, Seifert M, Baretton G, Aust D, William D, Schröck E, Thomas C, Füssel S. Identification of novel snoRNA-based biomarkers for clear cell renal cell carcinoma from urine-derived extracellular vesicles. Biol Direct 2024; 19:38. [PMID: 38741178 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of RCC with high rates of metastasis. Targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase and checkpoint inhibitors have improved treatment success, but therapy-related side effects and tumor recurrence remain a challenge. As a result, ccRCC still have a high mortality rate. Early detection before metastasis has great potential to improve outcomes, but no suitable biomarker specific for ccRCC is available so far. Therefore, molecular biomarkers derived from body fluids have been investigated over the past decade. Among them, RNAs from urine-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are very promising. METHODS RNA was extracted from urine-derived EVs from a cohort of 78 subjects (54 ccRCC patients, 24 urolithiasis controls). RNA-seq was performed on the discovery cohort, a subset of the whole cohort (47 ccRCC, 16 urolithiasis). Reads were then mapped to the genome, and expression was quantified based on 100 nt long contiguous genomic regions. Cluster analysis and differential region expression analysis were performed with adjustment for age and gender. The candidate biomarkers were validated by qPCR in the entire cohort. Receiver operating characteristic, area under the curve and odds ratios were used to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the models. RESULTS An initial cluster analysis of RNA-seq expression data showed separation by the subjects' gender, but not by tumor status. Therefore, the following analyses were done, adjusting for gender and age. The regions differentially expressed between ccRCC and urolithiasis patients mainly overlapped with small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). The differential expression of four snoRNAs (SNORD99, SNORD22, SNORD26, SNORA50C) was validated by quantitative PCR. Confounder-adjusted regression models were then used to classify the validation cohort into ccRCC and tumor-free subjects. Corresponding accuracies ranged from 0.654 to 0.744. Models combining multiple genes and the risk factors obesity and hypertension showed improved diagnostic performance with an accuracy of up to 0.811 for SNORD99 and SNORA50C (p = 0.0091). CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovered four previously unrecognized snoRNA biomarkers from urine-derived EVs, advancing the search for a robust, easy-to-use ccRCC screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Grützmann
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Salomo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Krüger
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Lohse-Fischer
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Seifert
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gustavo Baretton
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Aust
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Doreen William
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, ERN GENTURIS, Hereditary Cancer Syndrome Center Dresden, Max Planck, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, ERN GENTURIS, Hereditary Cancer Syndrome Center Dresden, Max Planck, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Füssel
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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5
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Abbott KL, Ali A, Reinfeld BI, Deik A, Subudhi S, Landis MD, Hongo RA, Young KL, Kunchok T, Nabel CS, Crowder KD, Kent JR, Madariaga MLL, Jain RK, Beckermann KE, Lewis CA, Clish CB, Muir A, Rathmell WK, Rathmell JC, Vander Heiden MG. Metabolite profiling of human renal cell carcinoma reveals tissue-origin dominance in nutrient availability. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.24.573250. [PMID: 38187626 PMCID: PMC10769456 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.24.573250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a determinant of cancer progression and therapeutic efficacy, with nutrient availability playing an important role. Although it is established that the local abundance of specific nutrients defines the metabolic parameters for tumor growth, the factors guiding nutrient availability in tumor compared to normal tissue and blood remain poorly understood. To define these factors in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), we performed quantitative metabolomic and comprehensive lipidomic analyses of tumor interstitial fluid (TIF), adjacent normal kidney interstitial fluid (KIF), and plasma samples collected from patients. TIF nutrient composition closely resembles KIF, suggesting that tissue-specific factors unrelated to the presence of cancer exert a stronger influence on nutrient levels than tumor-driven alterations. Notably, select metabolite changes consistent with known features of RCC metabolism are found in RCC TIF, while glucose levels in TIF are not depleted to levels that are lower than those found in KIF. These findings inform tissue nutrient dynamics in RCC, highlighting a dominant role of non-cancer driven tissue factors in shaping nutrient availability in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keene L. Abbott
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bradley I. Reinfeld
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sonu Subudhi
- Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madelyn D. Landis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel A. Hongo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kirsten L. Young
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher S. Nabel
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Johnathan R. Kent
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Steele Laboratories of Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Beckermann
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Caroline A. Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Present address: UMass Chan Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Muir
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W. Kimryn Rathmell
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, VUMC, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Liu XD, Zhang YT, McGrail DJ, Zhang X, Lam T, Hoang A, Hasanov E, Manyam G, Peterson CB, Zhu H, Kumar SV, Akbani R, Pilie PG, Tannir NM, Peng G, Jonasch E. SETD2 Loss and ATR Inhibition Synergize to Promote cGAS Signaling and Immunotherapy Response in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4002-4015. [PMID: 37527013 PMCID: PMC10592192 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) demonstrates durable clinical benefits in a minority of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We aimed to identify the molecular features that determine the response and develop approaches to enhance it. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated the effects of SET domain-containing protein 2 (SETD2) loss on the DNA damage response pathway, the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, the tumor immune microenvironment, and the response to ataxia telangiectasia and rad3-related (ATR) and checkpoint inhibition in RCC. RESULTS ATR inhibition activated the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, resulting in the concurrent expression of inflammatory cytokines and immune checkpoints. Among the common RCC genotypes, SETD2 loss is associated with preferential ATR activation and sensitizes cells to ATR inhibition. SETD2 knockdown promoted the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway in response to ATR inhibition. Treatment with the ATR inhibitor VE822 concurrently upregulated immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in Setd2 knockdown Renca tumors, providing a rationale for ATR inhibition plus ICB combination therapy. Setd2-deficient Renca tumors demonstrated greater vulnerability to ICB monotherapy or combination therapy with VE822 than Setd2-proficient tumors. Moreover, SETD2 mutations were associated with a higher response rate and prolonged overall survival in patients with ICB-treated RCC but not in patients with non-ICB-treated RCC. CONCLUSIONS SETD2 loss and ATR inhibition synergize to promote cGAS signaling and enhance immune cell infiltration, providing a mechanistic rationale for the combination of ATR and checkpoint inhibition in patients with RCC with SETD2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-De Liu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Yan-Ting Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Daniel J. McGrail
- Center for Immunotherapy and Precision Immuno-Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Truong Lam
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anh Hoang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elshad Hasanov
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ganiraju Manyam
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christine B. Peterson
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shwetha V Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick G. Pilie
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guang Peng
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Molecular Targets of Shenqi Dihuang, A Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Its Potential Role in Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy. Genet Res (Camb) 2023; 2023:2355891. [PMID: 36741922 PMCID: PMC9891814 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2355891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), which includes herbal slices and proprietary products, is widely used in China. Shenqi Dihuang (SQDH) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula with ingredients that affect tumor growth. Despite recent advances in prognosis, patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cannot currently receive curative treatment. The present study aimed to explore the potential target genes closely associated with SQDH. The gene expression data for SQDH and RCC were obtained from the TCMSP and TCGA databases. The SQDH-based prognostic prediction model reveals a strong correlation between RCC and SQDH. In addition, the immune cell infiltration analysis indicated that SQDH might be associated with the immune response of RCC patients. Based on this, we successfully built the prognostic prediction model using SQDH-related genes. The results demonstrated that CCND1 and NR3C2 are closely associated with the prognosis of RCC patients. Finally, the pathways enrichment analysis revealed that response to oxidative stress, cyclin binding, programmed cell death, and immune response are the most enriched pathways in CCND1. Furthermore, transcription regulator activity, regulation of cell population proliferation, and cyclin binding are closely associated with the NR3C2.
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8
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Si L, Pan X, He K, Sun L, Wang Y, Xu X, Lu J. PD‐L1
expression by different scoring methods and different cutoff values and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics in gastric cancer: A retrospective study. PRECISION MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/prm2.12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Si
- The Department of Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing China
| | - XiaoHua Pan
- The Department of Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing China
| | - Kang He
- The Department of Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing China
| | - Ling Sun
- The Department of Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing China
| | - Yajing Wang
- The Department of Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing China
| | - Xinyu Xu
- The Department of Pathology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- The Department of Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, and Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research Nanjing China
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9
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Qin S, Xv Z, Chen X, Wang S, Lu H, Li J, Guo X, Yang J, Liu C, Wang Y, Wang H. Comparing efficacy and safety of first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A Bayesian network meta-regression analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1072634. [PMID: 36910649 PMCID: PMC9992527 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1072634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This Bayesian network meta-regression analysis provides a head-to-head comparison of first-line therapeutic immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) combinations for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) using median follow-up time as covariate. Methods We searched Six databases for a comprehensive analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs). Comparing progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of different interventions at the same time node by Bayesian network meta-analysis. Bayesian network meta-regression analysis was performed on objective response rate (ORR), adverse events (AEs) (grade ≥ 3) and the hazard ratios (HR) associated with PFS and OS, with the median follow-up time as the covariate. Results Eventually a total of 22 RCTs reporting 11,090 patients with 19 interventions. Lenvatinib plus Pembrolizumab (LenPem) shows dominance of PFS, and Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib (PemAxi) shows superiority in OS at each time point. After meta-regression analysis, for HRs of PFS, LenPem shows advantages; for HRs of OS, PemAxi shows superiority; For ORR, LenPem provides better results. For AEs (grade ≥ 3), Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab (AtezoBev) is better. Conclusion Considering the lower toxicity and the higher quality of life, PemAxi should be recommended as the optimal therapy in treating mRCC. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD4202236775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Qin
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xv
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Health, Brooks College, Sunnyvale, CA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shurui Wang
- School of Nursing, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinglin Guo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengjiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yaoguang Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- School of Health Sciences and Engineering, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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10
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Mulgaonkar A, Elias R, Woolford L, Guan B, Nham K, Kapur P, Christie A, Tcheuyap VT, Singla N, Bowman IA, Stevens C, Hao G, Brugarolas J, Sun X. ImmunoPET Imaging with 89Zr-Labeled Atezolizumab Enables In Vivo Evaluation of PD-L1 in Tumorgraft Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:4907-4916. [PMID: 36074149 PMCID: PMC9669181 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) have transformed the treatment paradigm for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, response rates to ICIs as single agents or in combination vary widely and predictive biomarkers are lacking. Possibly related to the heterogeneity and dynamic nature of PD-L1 expression, tissue-based methods have shown limited value. Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) may enable noninvasive, comprehensive, and real-time PD-L1 detection. Herein, we systematically examined the performance of immunoPET for PD-L1 detection relative to IHC in an RCC patient-derived tumorgraft (TG) platform. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eight independent RCC TGs with a wide range of PD-L1 expression (0%-85%) were evaluated by immunoPET. Uptake of 89Zr-labeled atezolizumab ([89Zr]Zr-DFO-ATZ) was compared with PD-L1 expression in tumors by IHC through double-blind analyses. Clinical outcomes of ICI-treated patients whose TGs were examined were analyzed to evaluate the clinical role of immunoPET in RCC. RESULTS ImmunoPET with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ATZ (day 6/7 postinjection) revealed a statistically significant association with PD-L1 IHC assays (P = 0.0014; correlation ρXY = 0.78). Furthermore, immunoPET can be used to assess the heterogeneous distribution of PD-L1 expression. Finally, studies in the corresponding patients (n = 4) suggest that PD-L1 signal may influence ICI responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS ImmunoPET with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-ATZ may enable a thorough and dynamic assessment of PD-L1 across sites of disease. The power of immunoPET to predict ICI response in RCC is being explored in an ongoing clinical trial (NCT04006522).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Mulgaonkar
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Roy Elias
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Layton Woolford
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bing Guan
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kien Nham
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alana Christie
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vanina T. Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nirmish Singla
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - I. Alex Bowman
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christina Stevens
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guiyang Hao
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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11
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Hu X, Wu L, Yao Y, Ma J, Li X, Shen H, Liu L, Dai H, Wang W, Chu X, Sheng C, Yang M, Zheng H, Song F, Chen K, Liu B. The integrated landscape of eRNA in gastric cancer reveals distinct immune subtypes with prognostic and therapeutic relevance. iScience 2022; 25:105075. [PMID: 36157578 PMCID: PMC9490034 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive regulation effect of eRNA on tumor immune cell infiltration and the outcome remains obscure. We comprehensively identify the eRNA-mediated immune infiltration patterns of gastric cancer (GC) samples. We creatively proposed a random forest machine-learning (ML) algorithm to map eRNA to mRNA expression patterns. The eRNA score was constructed using principal component analysis algorithms and validated in an independent cohort. Three subtypes with distinct eRNA expression patterns were determined in GC. There were significant differences between the three subtypes in the overall survival rate, immune cell infiltration characteristics, and immunotherapy response indicators. The patients in the high eRNA score group have a higher overall survival rate and might benefit from immunotherapy. This work revealed that eRNA regulation might be a new prognostic index and might offer a potential biomarker in the response of immunotherapy. Evaluating the eRNA regulation manner of GC will contribute to guiding more effective immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Liuxing Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yanxin Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Junfu Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiangchun Li
- Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongru Shen
- Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hongji Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xinlei Chu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Chao Sheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, Tianjin 300060, China
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12
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Deluce J, Maleki Vareki S, Fernandes R. The role of gut microbiome in immune modulation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221122714. [PMID: 36105887 PMCID: PMC9465582 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinomas (mRCC) has drastically improved
since the advent of immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with
a significant proportion of patients achieving durable responses. While this has
revolutionized treatment and improved outcomes for mRCC patients, a large subset
of patients still does not respond to treatment with ICIs. Moreover, ICIs can
induce various immune-related adverse events, limiting their use in many
patients. Therefore, there is a need to identify the predictive biomarkers of
both efficacy and toxicity associated with ICIs, which would allow for a more
personalized approach and help with clinical decision-making. This review aims
to explore the role of the gut microbiome in RCC to overcome primary resistance
and predict response to treatment with ICIs. First, current therapeutic
strategies and mechanisms of action of ICI therapies for RCC treatment will be
reviewed. With the technological development of shotgun whole-genome sequencing,
the gut microbiome has emerged as an exciting field of research within oncology.
Thus, the role of the microbiome and its bidirectional interaction with ICIs and
other drugs will be explored, with a particular focus on the microbiome profile
in RCC. Lastly, the rationale for future clinical interventions to overcome
resistance to ICIs using fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with RCC
will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Deluce
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London Regional Cancer Program, Room A4-130A, Cancer Research Laboratory Program, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, 800 Commissioners Road East, Room A3-940, London ON N6A 5W9, Canada.Cancer Research Laboratory Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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13
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Osca-Verdegal R, Beltrán-García J, Górriz JL, Martínez Jabaloyas JM, Pallardó FV, García-Giménez JL. Use of Circular RNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapeutics of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:879814. [PMID: 35813211 PMCID: PMC9257016 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.879814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer, representing 90% of kidney cancer diagnoses, and the deadliest urological cancer. While the incidence and mortality rates by renal cell carcinoma are higher in men compared to women, in both sexes the clinical characteristics are the same, and usually unspecific, thereby hindering and delaying the diagnostic process and increasing the metastatic potential. Regarding treatment, surgical resection remains the main therapeutic strategy. However, even after radical nephrectomy, metastasis may still occur in some patients, with most metastatic renal cell carcinomas being resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, the identification of new biomarkers to help clinicians in the early detection, and treatment of renal cell carcinoma is essential. In this review, we describe circRNAs related to renal cell carcinoma processes reported to date and propose the use of some in therapeutic strategies for renal cell carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Osca-Verdegal
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Beltrán-García
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Górriz
- Department of Nephrology, University Clinic Hospital, INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- EpiDisease S.L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Luis García-Giménez,
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14
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Shapiro DD, Virumbrales-Muñoz M, Beebe DJ, Abel EJ. Models of Renal Cell Carcinoma Used to Investigate Molecular Mechanisms and Develop New Therapeutics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:871252. [PMID: 35463327 PMCID: PMC9022005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.871252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Modeling renal cell carcinoma is critical to investigating tumor biology and therapeutic mechanisms. Multiple systems have been developed to represent critical components of the tumor and its surrounding microenvironment. Prominent in vitro models include traditional cell cultures, 3D organoid models, and microphysiological devices. In vivo models consist of murine patient derived xenografts or genetically engineered mice. Each system has unique advantages as well as limitations and researchers must thoroughly understand each model to properly investigate research questions. This review addresses common model systems for renal cell carcinoma and critically evaluates their performance and ability to measure tumor characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Division of Urology, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Maria Virumbrales-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - E Jason Abel
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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15
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Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Wang H, Jiang T, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Su B, Tian Y. Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated With HIV/AIDS: A Review of the Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:872438. [PMID: 35433425 PMCID: PMC9010566 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), one of the most common genitourinary tumors, is induced by many factors, primarily smoking, obesity, and hypertension. As a non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may also play a critical role in the incidence and progression of RCC. It is evident that individuals who are infected with HIV are more likely than the general population to develop RCC. The age of RCC diagnosis among HIV-positive patients is younger than among HIV-negative individuals. However, many other characteristics remain unknown. With the increase in RCC incidence among HIV-infected patients, more research is being conducted to discover the relationship between RCC and HIV, especially with regard to HIV-induced immunodeficiency, diagnosis, and treatment. Unexpectedly, the majority of the literature suggests that there is no relationship between RCC and HIV-induced immunodeficiency. Nonetheless, differences in pathology, symptoms, or treatment in HIV-positive patients diagnosed with RCC are a focus. In this review, we summarize the association of RCC with HIV in terms of epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Taiyi Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian, ; Bin Su,
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ye Tian, ; Bin Su,
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16
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Development of a Novel Immune Subtyping System Expanded with Immune Landscape and an 11-Gene Signature for Predicting Prostate Cancer Survival. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1183173. [PMID: 35222640 PMCID: PMC8866019 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1183173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Nearly half of patients with prostate cancer will develop metastasis. Immunotherapy is currently a promising strategy for treating metastatic prostate cancer. This study aimed to construct an immune subtyping system and provide a more comprehensive understanding of tumor microenvironment. Methods Data were downloaded from TCGA database and cBioPortal database. Consensus clustering was used to identify immune subtypes. Immune features were scored by ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT. Efficacy of different subtypes in immunotherapy was predicted by TIDE tool. Immune landscape was delineated through “monocle.” Coexpressed gene modules were identified by weighted correlation network analysis. Univariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO analysis were applied to construct a prognostic model. Results Four immune subtypes (IS1 to IS4) were identified. Prognosis, mutation patterns, expression of immune genes, immune biomarkers, immunohistochemical biomarkers, and prediction efficacy of immunotherapy were significantly different among four immune subtypes. Five coexpressed gene modules were identified and an 11-gene prognostic model was constructed based on the modules. Conclusions The study developed a novel immune subtyping system and an 11-gene prognostic model of prostate cancer, which could guide personalized treatment and immunotherapy for patients with prostate cancer.
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17
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Yao J, Duan L, Huang X, Liu J, Fan X, Xiao Z, Yan R, Liu H, An G, Hu B, Ge Y. Development and Validation of a Prognostic Gene Signature Correlated With M2 Macrophage Infiltration in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:769727. [PMID: 34926275 PMCID: PMC8677679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.769727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of esophageal cancer and the seventh most prevalent cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed to play an crucial role in ESCC progression, prognosis, and the response to immunotherapy. There is a need for predictive biomarkers of TME-related processes to better prognosticate ESCC outcomes. Aim To identify a novel gene signature linked with the TME to predict the prognosis of ESCC. Methods We calculated the immune/stromal scores of 95 ESCC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) using the ESTIMATE algorithm, and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between high and low immune/stromal score patients. The key prognostic genes were further analyzed by the intersection of protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and univariate Cox regression analysis. Finally, a risk score model was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis. We evaluated the associations between the risk score model and immune infiltration via the CIBERSORT algorithm. Moreover, we validated the signature using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Within the ten gene signature, five rarely reported genes were further validated with quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using an ESCC tissue cDNA microarray. Results A total of 133 up-regulated genes were identified as DEGs. Ten prognostic genes were selected based on intersection analysis of univariate COX regression analysis and PPI, and consisted of C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CD86, C3AR1, CSF1R, ITGB2, LCP2, SPI1, and TYROBP (HR>1, p<0.05). The expression of 9 of these genes in the tumor samples were significantly higher compared to matched adjacent normal tissue based on the GEO database (p<0.05). Next, we assessed the ability of the ten-gene signature to predict the overall survival of ESCC patients, and found that the high-risk group had significantly poorer outcomes compared to the low-risk group using univariate and multivariate analyses in the TCGA and GEO cohorts (HR=2.104, 95% confidence interval:1.343-3.295, p=0.001; HR=1.6915, 95% confidence interval:1.053-2.717, p=0.0297). Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated a relatively sensitive and specific profile for the signature (1-, 2-, 3-year AUC=0.672, 0.854, 0.81). To identify the basis for these differences in the TME, we performed correlation analyses and found a significant positive correlation with M1 and M2 macrophages and CD8+ T cells, as well as a strong correlation to M2 macrophage surface markers. A nomogram based on the risk score and select clinicopathologic characteristics was constructed to predict overall survival of ESCC patients. For validation, qRT-PCR of an ESCC patient cDNA microarray was performed, and demonstrated that C1QA, C3AR1, LCP2, SPI1, and TYROBP were up-regulated in tumor samples and predict poor prognosis. Conclusion This study established and validated a novel 10-gene signature linked with M2 macrophages and poor prognosis in ESCC patients. Importantly, we identified C1QA, C3AR1, LCP2, SPI1, and TYROBP as novel M2 macrophage-correlated survival biomarkers. These findings may identify potential targets for therapy in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Duan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuying Huang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Fan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zeru Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heshu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyu An
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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18
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Santoni M, Massari F. Risk of selected gastrointestinal toxicities in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with immuno-TKI combinations: a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:1225-1232. [PMID: 34167420 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1948328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent years have registered the advent of novel treatment options for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), including combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Immuno-TKI combinations have been suggested to improve clinical outcomes but may also result in increased toxicity, including gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events. METHODS Herein, we performed a meta-analysis aimed at comparing the risk of certain GI toxicities in mRCC patients treated with immuno-TKI combinations versus sunitinib monotherapy. Overall, four phase III trials (KEYNOTE-426, JAVELIN Renal 101, CheckMate 9ER, CLEAR) involving 3059 mRCC patients were available. RESULTS The meta-analysis suggested an increased risk of all-grade diarrhea, grade 3-4 diarrhea and grade 3-4 decreased appetite in patients treated with immuno-TKI combinations. Conversely, an apparently higher risk of all-grade nausea was observed in the sunitinib group. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis suggested that immuno-TKI combinations are associated with higher risk of GI toxicities compared with sunitinib. Beyond the efficacy of immuno-TKI combinations in mRCC patients, careful consideration should be given to treatment-related adverse events, including GI toxicities. Early recognition and treatment are critical to maximize recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | | | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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19
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Sunitinib with photoirradiation-mediated reactive oxygen species generation induces apoptosis of renal cell carcinoma cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102427. [PMID: 34216806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy is a clinically approved, minimally invasive,therapeutic procedure used for the treatment of several cancers. In recent years, sunitinib, one of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, has also attracted attention as a novel photosensitizer. However, there is currently no data available on the combined cytotoxic effects of sunitinib and photoirradiation on renal cell carcinoma including how the treatment induced cellular toxicity. METHODS In the present study, we used sunitinib as a photosensitizer and evaluated the effects of sunitinib and photodynamic therapy treatment on renal cancer cell lines, including the induction of cell death. RESULTS Our study showed that treatment with sunitinib and photoirradiation at 8 mW/cm2 for 30 min resulted in the production intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is indicated by the increase in mRNA expression levels of PAI-1, NF-κβ, and Caspase-3. An increase in rate of apoptotic reaction and increase in the expression level of apoptotic marker were also observed when cells undergo treatment with sunitinib and photoirradiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that combining photodynamic therapy with sunitinib represents a minimally invasive therapeutic procedure with cancer selectivity for renal cell carcinoma.
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20
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Li H, Chen L, Zhu GY, Yao X, Dong R, Guo JH. Interventional Treatment for Cholangiocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:671327. [PMID: 34268114 PMCID: PMC8276166 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.671327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common type of primary liver malignancy. The latest classification includes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, with the latter one further categorized into perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Although surgical resection is the preferred treatment for CCA, less than half of the patients are actually eligible for radical surgical resection. Interventional treatment, such as intra-arterial therapies, ablation, and brachytherapy (iodine-125 seed implantation), has become an acceptable palliative treatment for patients with unresectable CCA. For these patients, interventional treatment is helpful for locoregional control, symptom relief, and improving quality of life. Herein, in a timely and topical manner, we will review these advances and highlight future directions of research in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Yu Zhu
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijuan Yao
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-He Guo
- Center of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Di Bona C, Stühler V, Rausch S, Stenzl A, Bedke J. Pembrolizumab for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1157-1164. [PMID: 34042015 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1935856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The acquisition of resistance to VEGF-inhibiting therapies has prompted research toward immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Among several, checkpoint inhibitors including PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are the most promising approach. AREAS COVERED This review addresses the clinical efficacy of the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab in first- and second-line treatment for mRCC regarding the most recent and significant published and ongoing studies. Attention is also given to its pharmacological characteristics as well as adverse events and its impact on patients' quality of life. EXPERT OPINION Immunotherapy has become the backbone for the treatment of advanced RCC. With the approval of several therapeutic options, research needs now to focus on defining the appropriate therapy for each patient. Axitinib plus pembrolizumab belongs to the combinations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) plus immune checkpoint inhibitors for the first-line treatment of metastatic RCC. New combinations of pembrolizumab plus TKI for the evaluation in first- and second-line treatment of mRCC available. However, studies directly comparing the various treatment regimens using predictive biomarkers and long-term endpoints, including treatment-free survival, are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Di Bona
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Viktoria Stühler
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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22
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Bai D, Feng H, Yang J, Yin A, Qian A, Sugiyama H. Landscape of immune cell infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma to aid immunotherapy. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2126-2139. [PMID: 33735492 PMCID: PMC8177771 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, comprised of tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, is closely associated with the clinical outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. However, the landscape of immune infiltration in ccRCC has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we applied multiple computational methods and various datasets to reveal the immune infiltrative landscape of ccRCC patients. The tumor immune infiltration (TII) levels of 525 ccRCC patients using a single-sample gene were examined and further categorized into immune infiltration subgroups. The TII score was characterized by distinct clinical traits and showed a significant divergence based on gender, grade, and stage. A high TII score was associated with the ERBB signaling pathway, the TGF-β signaling pathway, and the MTOR signaling pathway, as well as a better prognosis. Furthermore, patients with high TII scores exhibited greater sensitivity to pazopanib. The low TII score was characterized by a high immune infiltration level of CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, the immune check point genes, including CTLA-4, LAG3, PD-1, and IDO1, presented a high expression level in the low TII score group. Patients in the high TII score group demonstrated significant therapeutic advantages and clinical benefits. The findings in this study have the potential to assist in the strategic design of immunotherapeutic treatments for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsInstitute of Flexible ElectronicsMIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in ShenzhenNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Huhu Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsInstitute of Flexible ElectronicsMIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Jiajun Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsInstitute of Flexible ElectronicsMIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible ElectronicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Aiping Yin
- The Division of NephrologyThe 1st Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Airong Qian
- School of Life SciencesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and BiotechnologyInstitute of Special Environmental BiophysicsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Institute for Integrated Cell‐Material SciencesKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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23
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Hasanov E, Jonasch E. MK-6482 as a potential treatment for von Hippel-Lindau disease-associated clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:495-504. [PMID: 33945366 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1925248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an inherited autosomal dominant syndrome caused by a germline mutation and/or deletion of the VHL gene. Inappropriate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated transcription of proangiogenic and metabolic genes leads to the development of tumors and cysts in multiple organs. Surgery is a standard treatment for localized tumors with a risk of metastasis or organ dysfunction. Repeated surgeries cause substantial morbidity and have a major impact on quality of life. There is an urgent need to develop effective and safe systemic treatments for VHL disease manifestations. The small-molecule HIF 2 alpha inhibitor MK-6482 (belzutifan) has demonstrated significant efficacy in VHL disease related renal cell carcinomas, hemangioblastomas, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors while demonstrating an acceptable safety profile. AREAS COVERED This paper reviews the development of the HIF-2 alpha inhibitor, MK-6482, and discusses preliminary results of ongoing phase I/II studies in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and VHL disease. An examination of ongoing clinical development of MK-6482 and perspectives on potential future developments and challenges are offered. EXPERT OPINION Because of its favorable safety profile, its clear efficacy in VHL disease, promising findings in sporadic, advanced RCC, and convenient oral formulation, MK-6482 is expected to become a leading treatment for VHL disease. Among other currently available oral agents, we believe that MK-6482 will be a preferred treatment for VHL-associated RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elshad Hasanov
- Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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24
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Cimadamore A, Rizzo A, Mollica V, Massari F, Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M, Cheng L, Santoni M, Montironi R. An update on immunotherapy in uro-oncology. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2021.1911638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | | | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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Abstract
Introduction: Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a heterogeneous group of aggressive malignancies comprising intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer. Although recent years have witnessed the emergence of novel treatment targets, medical therapy remains a compelling challenge in these hepatobiliary malignancies. In order to provide more effective treatment options, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are currently under investigation in advanced BTC, with controversial results reported so far.Areas covered: This review provides an overview regarding current scenario of ICIs and immune-based combinations in advanced BTC, where several novel treatments are currently being developed, some of which have suggested interesting efficacy in recent clinical trials. In addition, we provide a report of ongoing Phase I to III clinical trials assessing ICIs and new immunotherapeutic strategies for advanced BTC.Expert opinion: Although immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape of several hematological and solid tumors, the role of ICIs and immune-based combinations in advanced BTC is still unclear. Despite ICI monotherapy has reported limited efficacy in this setting, the durable responses observed in sporadic cases suggest that testing patients for MMR, MSI, TMB, and PD-L1 expression is warranted. Results of currently ongoing trials are highly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Santoni M, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Ricci AD, Grilli G, Greco A, Montironi R, Ardizzoni A, Massari F. Comparative effectiveness of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors according to IMDC risk groups in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:783-793. [PMID: 33906376 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations have become the new standard of primary systemic treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. We performed a meta-analysis aimed at evaluating ICIs plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) combinations across International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk groups. Materials & methods: All the relevant randomized clinical trials were retrieved through Cochrane library, PubMed/Med and EMBASE; three Phase III randomized clinical trials were included. Results: ICI-TKI combinations significantly decreased the risk of death in IMDC poor- and intermediate-risk patients. Conversely, a nonstatistically significant benefit was observed in favorable-risk patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that IMDC poor-risk patients benefit most from ICI-TKI combinations, while a proportion of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients could respond to targeted agent monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | | | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Giada Grilli
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Alba Greco
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni n.15, Bologna 40138, Italia
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27
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Rizzo A, Mollica V, Dall'Olio FG, Ricci AD, Maggio I, Marchetti A, Rosellini M, Santoni M, Ardizzoni A, Massari F. Quality of life assessment in renal cell carcinoma Phase II and III clinical trials published between 2010 and 2020: a systematic review. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2671-2681. [PMID: 33880963 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Quality of life (QoL) assessment is frequently not included among the end points of clinical trials (CTs) on renal cell carcinoma. Herein we aimed to describe the assessment and reporting of QoL in Phase II and Phase III CTs published between 2010 and 2020. Methods: A total of 25 CTs were included; 76% of trials included were conducted in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients, while 20% of studies evaluated adjuvant systemic treatments. Results: In 13/25 publications, QoL was not listed among the end points, with secondary publications dedicated to QoL present in a minority of cases. Conclusions: QoL was not included among the end points of a large percentage of CTs. Implementing the inclusion of QoL represents an urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Filippo Gustavo Dall'Olio
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Ilaria Maggio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL of Bologna, Bologna, 40139, Italy
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, Macerata, 62100, Italy
| | - Andrea Ardizzoni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni15, Bologna, 40138, Italy
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Hue JJ, Bingmer K, Sugumar K, Markt SC, Rothermel LD, Hardacre JM, Ammori JB, Winter JM, Ocuin LM. Immunotherapy Is Associated with a Survival Benefit in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer. J Pancreat Cancer 2021; 7:31-38. [PMID: 33937617 PMCID: PMC8080907 DOI: 10.1089/pancan.2021.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immunotherapy (IT) has led to improved survival in several common cancers but success in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has been limited. We analyzed if combination IT-chemotherapy (IT-CT) is associated with improved survival compared with chemotherapy alone (CT) in patients with metastatic PDAC. Methods: The National Cancer Database (2004-2016) was queried for patients who were diagnosed with metastatic PDAC. Patients were categorized by treatment group: CT only and IT-CT. Patients were excluded if they received radiation or a surgical procedure. The primary outcome was overall survival. Results: A total of 59,289 patients were identified, of whom 58,947 (99.4%) received CT and 342 (0.6%) received IT-CT. The IT-CT group was younger, had fewer comorbidities, and was more often treated at an academic center. The utilization of multiagent CT was similar between the groups. Median survival of patients treated with IT-CT was longer than CT alone (7.9 months vs. 6.3 months, p = 0.005). On multivariable analysis, receipt of IT-CT was associated with a survival advantage as compared with CT (hazard ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence intervals 0.76-0.97) when adjusting for demographics and type of CT regimen. Conclusion: In patients with metastatic PDAC, it appears that combination IT-CT may perhaps be associated with a survival advantage compared with CT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hue
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine Bingmer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kavin Sugumar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah C Markt
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Luke D Rothermel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Hardacre
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - John B Ammori
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jordan M Winter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lee M Ocuin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Rizzo A, Rosellini M, Marchetti A, Mollica V, Massari F. Determinants of treatment for first-line immune-based combinations in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a critical overview of recent evidence. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:685-692. [PMID: 33823678 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The last three decades have witnessed a revolution in the therapeutic scenario of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), due to the advent of novel agents including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors and the combination of both treatments. These strategies have reported unprecedented response rates, thus improving the clinical outcomes of mRCC patients, and current international guidelines support the use of immune-based combinations as first-line treatment in patients with metastatic disease. However, more data are awaited to help clinicians in the decision-making process. Herein, we provide an overview of recently published results regarding immune-based combinations as first-line treatment in mRCC patients, critically discussing available data that could help in suggesting determinants of treatment in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna - Italia
| | - Matteo Rosellini
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna - Italia
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna - Italia
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna - Italia
| | - Francesco Massari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna - Italia
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Schenkel LB, Molina JR, Swinger KK, Abo R, Blackwell DJ, Lu AZ, Cheung AE, Church WD, Kunii K, Kuplast-Barr KG, Majer CR, Minissale E, Mo JR, Niepel M, Reik C, Ren Y, Vasbinder MM, Wigle TJ, Richon VM, Keilhack H, Kuntz KW. A potent and selective PARP14 inhibitor decreases protumor macrophage gene expression and elicits inflammatory responses in tumor explants. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1158-1168.e13. [PMID: 33705687 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PARP14 has been implicated by genetic knockout studies to promote protumor macrophage polarization and suppress the antitumor inflammatory response due to its role in modulating interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ signaling pathways. Here, we describe structure-based design efforts leading to the discovery of a potent and highly selective PARP14 chemical probe. RBN012759 inhibits PARP14 with a biochemical half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.003 μM, exhibits >300-fold selectivity over all PARP family members, and its profile enables further study of PARP14 biology and disease association both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of PARP14 with RBN012759 reverses IL-4-driven protumor gene expression in macrophages and induces an inflammatory mRNA signature similar to that induced by immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in primary human tumor explants. These data support an immune suppressive role of PARP14 in tumors and suggest potential utility of PARP14 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Schenkel
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; MOMA Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer R Molina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kerren K Swinger
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; Xilio Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Ryan Abo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; Obsidian Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Danielle J Blackwell
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Alvin Z Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Anne E Cheung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; A2Empowerment, Arlington, MA 02474, USA
| | - W David Church
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kaiko Kunii
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kristy G Kuplast-Barr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Christina R Majer
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Elena Minissale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jan-Rung Mo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Mario Niepel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Christopher Reik
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; Bain & Company, Boston, MA 02116, USA
| | - Yue Ren
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Melissa M Vasbinder
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Tim J Wigle
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Victoria M Richon
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Heike Keilhack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Kevin W Kuntz
- Department of Molecular Discovery, Ribon Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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Mollica V, Rizzo A, Di Nunno V, Santoni M, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Scarpelli M, Cimadamore A, Montironi R, Massari F. Adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma: is it the right strategy to inhibit VEGF? Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1581-1587. [PMID: 33850792 PMCID: PMC8039625 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several clinical trials have assessed different agents in the adjuvant setting, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) still remains a disease orphan of an effective adjuvant treatment. In fact, systemic therapies targeting angiogenesis that have been observed to be effective in metastatic setting failed to show an improvement in terms of clinical outcomes when used ad adjuvant treatments. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 5 randomized clinical trials to assess the impact of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting angiogenesis after surgery: ASSURE, S-TRAC, PROTECT, ATLAS, SORCE. Among the 6,531 patients assessed, we confirmed the lack of efficacy of adjuvant treatments in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) (pooled-HR 0.93, 95% CI, 0.84–1.02, P=0.16) and overall survival (OS) (pooled-HR 0.98, 95% CI, 0.88–1.09, P=0.54). To the best of our knowledge, we still ignore why some treatments active in the metastatic setting do not show similar efficacy as adjuvant treatment. Exploring possible reasons of this apparently conflicting results is important as it may offer new insights that should be evaluated in next generation adjuvant trials. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reported significant results—as monotherapy or in combinations with other anticancer agents—in metastatic setting, and the results of trials evaluating these agents in the adjuvant setting are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Mollica
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - Vincenzo Di Nunno
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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Stühler V, Rausch S, Maas JM, Stenzl A, Bedke J. Combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 21:1215-1226. [PMID: 33576709 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1890713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have experienced several paradigm shifts and substantial changes in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) over the last two decades. Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as a dual combination (ICI-ICI) or with VEGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKI) has shown remarkable efficacy in mRCC patients and has become the standard of care in first-line therapy. AREAS COVERED In this review, we will discuss the background as well as the benefits of combining ICI with TKI compared to ICI-ICI combination therapy for mRCC treatment and will also briefly highlight biomarkers for patient selection on therapies to improve patient outcomes and limit toxicities. EXPERT OPINION Due to the mediated additional anti-tumor effects, there is a strong rationale to combine ICIs and TKIs for mRCC therapy. When comparing first-line therapy options, the exceptionally higher ORR and PFS for the ICI-TKI combinations should be highlighted, whereas, nevertheless, the complete response rate is slightly higher for the ICI-ICI combination. In terms of an individualized therapeutic approach, biomarkers predicting the success or failure of an anti-VEGF-based regimen or ICI therapy as a corresponding mono - or combination therapy are lacking so far, however, gene expression signatures can be a landmark in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Stühler
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Rausch
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Moritz Maas
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Nunno VD, Nuvola G, Mosca M, Maggio I, Gatto L, Tosoni A, Lodi R, Franceschi E, Brandes AA. Clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with brain metastases. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:419-432. [PMID: 33472433 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) represent a negative prognostic factor for patients with solid malignancies. BMs are generally approached with loco-regional treatments and the blood-brain barrier limits the efficacy of some systemic drugs. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the management of brain metastases in patients with solid malignancies. We performed a review of available literature. Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent the standard treatment for several advanced solid malignancies. However, with the exception of melanoma their clinical role in other solid malignancies is not completely clear due to the exclusion of patients with BM from approval clinical trials. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors may be an effective treatment of brain metastases of melanoma while their clinical role on brain metastases from other solid malignancies is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Nuvola
- Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna
| | - Mirta Mosca
- Department of Specialized, Experimental & Diagnostic Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna
| | - Ilaria Maggio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lidia Gatto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alicia Tosoni
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda USL, Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Lodi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna
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The Role of Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 and Its Ligands in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228582. [PMID: 33202536 PMCID: PMC7696621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major invasive subtype of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The essential components of cancer development are chronic inflammation and neoangiogenesis. It has been suggested that the chemokine ligand 9, -10, –11 (CXCL9–11) and chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) chemokines receptor expressed on monocytes, T and NK cells may be involved in the inhibition of angiogenesis. However, to date, little is known about the potential clinical significance of these chemokines and their receptor in renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, in this review, we described the role of CXCR3 and its ligands in pathogenesis of RCC. We performed an extensive search of the current literature in our investigation, using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. The changes of chemokines and their specific receptor in renal cell carcinoma were observed. Published studies revealed an increased expression of CXCR3 and elevated concentration of its ligands in RCC. The association between treatment of RCC and CXCL9–11/CXCR3 concentration and expression was also observed. Moreover, CXCR3 and its ligands levels were related to patient’s prognosis, risk of metastasis and tumor growth. This review describes the potential role of CXCR3 and its ligands in pathogenesis of RCC, as well as their potential immune-therapeutic significance. However, future studies should aim to confirm the clinical and prognostic role of CXCL9–11/CXCR3 in renal cell carcinoma.
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Normalized Dual-Energy Iodine Ratio Best Differentiates Renal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes Among Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers From Perfusion CT and Dual-Energy CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 215:1389-1397. [PMID: 33052738 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of perfusion CT (PCT) and dual-energy CT (DECT) in differentiating clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) from non-ccRCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This retrospective study included 51 patients with 52 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) (36 ccRCCs and 16 non-ccRCCs) who underwent both PCT and DECT before surgery or biopsy between January 2014 and December 2018. Three independent readers measured blood flow, blood volume (BV), and permeability using PCT and iodine concentration (IC) and iodine ratio using DECT. Interreader agreement was calculated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess PCT and DECT models. Size-specific dose estimates of the two methods were compared. RESULTS. BV (ICC, 0.93) and iodine ratio (ICC, 0.85) were the most reproducible parameters. Both PCT and DECT were significant models (p < 0.05, all readers) for differentiating ccRCC from non-ccRCC. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between PCT and DECT (p > 0.05). BV and iodine ratio were independent predictors of nonccRCC (p < 0.05). However, the mean size-specific dose estimate was 16 times lower with DECT than with PCT (p < 0.001). The AUC of iodine ratio was 0.95, and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with an iodine ratio cutoff of 63.72% was 0.90, 0.86, and 0.87, respectively. CONCLUSION. PCT and DECT had comparable and high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating RCC subtypes; however, because of the significantly lower radiation dose of DECT, iodine ratio may be used as the best independent predictor.
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Correlative serum biomarker analyses in the phase 2 trial of lenvatinib-plus-everolimus in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:237-246. [PMID: 33024271 PMCID: PMC7782770 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No biomarkers have been established to predict treatment efficacy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In an exploratory retrospective analysis of a Phase 2 study, we constructed composite biomarker scores (CBSs) to predict progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic RCC randomised to receive lenvatinib-plus-everolimus. Methods Of 40 biomarkers tested, the 5 most strongly associated with PFS (HGF, MIG, IL-18BP, IL-18, ANG-2) or OS (TIMP-1, M-CSF, IL-18BP, ANG-2, VEGF) were used to make a 5-factor PFS-CBS or OS-CBS, respectively. A 2-factor CBS was generated with biomarkers common to PFS-CBS and OS-CBS. Patients were divided into groups accordingly (5-factor-CBS high: 3−5, CBS-low: 0–2; 2-factor-CBS high: 1–2, CBS-low: 0). Results PFS/OS with lenvatinib-plus-everolimus were significantly longer in the 5-factor CBS-high group versus the CBS-low group (P = 0.0022/P < 0.0001, respectively). In the CBS-high group, PFS/OS were significantly longer with lenvatinib-plus-everolimus versus everolimus (P < 0.001/P = 0.0079, respectively); PFS was also significantly longer with lenvatinib-plus-everolimus versus lenvatinib (P = 0.0046). The 5-factor-CBS had a predictive role in PFS and OS after multivariate analysis. Similar trends were observed with the 2-factor-CBS for PFS (i.e., lenvatinib-plus-everolimus versus everolimus). Conclusions The 5-factor CBS may identify patients with metastatic RCC who would benefit from lenvatinib-plus-everolimus versus everolimus; additional validation is required. Clinical trial registration The clinical trial registration number is NCT01136733.
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Santoni M, Massari F, Aurilio G, Mollica V, Cimadamore A, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Battelli N, Nolé F, Montironi R. Designing novel immunocombinations in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:1257-1268. [PMID: 32998603 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have radically changed the treatment approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). In the present article, we reported and discussed the available data with immunocombinations in mRCC, offering new perspectives in the treatment landscape of these patients. We discussed the main results of pivotal clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of mRCC. Moreover, we discussed novel immuno-based treatments currently under investigation in ongoing clinical trials. Renal cell carcinoma is a particularly immunogenic tumor and immunotherapy is a pivotal treatment approach. A wide series of clinical trials is exploring novel promising immunocombinations in patients with renal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Massari
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna - Italia
| | - Gaetano Aurilio
- Medical Oncology Division of Urogenital & Head & Neck Tumours, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Mollica
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna - Italia
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Franco Nolé
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni - 15, Bologna - Italia
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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Khetani VV, Portal DE, Shah MR, Mayer T, Singer EA. Combination drug regimens for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:541-562. [PMID: 32879843 PMCID: PMC7443831 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i8.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) make up about 90% of kidney cancers, of which 80% are of the clear cell subtype. About 20% of patients are already metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Initial treatment is often cytoreductive nephrectomy, but systemic therapy is required for advanced RCC. Single agent targeted therapies are moderately toxic and only somewhat effective, leading to development of immunotherapies and combination therapies. This review identifies limitations of monotherapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, discusses recent advances in combination therapies, and highlights therapeutic options under development. The goal behind combining various modalities of systemic therapy is to potentiate a synergistic antitumor effect. However, combining targeted therapies may cause increased toxicity. The initial attempts to create therapeutic combinations based on inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor or mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were largely unsuccessful in achieving a profile of increased synergy without increased toxicity. To date, five combination therapies have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, with the most recently approved therapies being a combination of checkpoint inhibition plus targeted therapy. Several other combination therapies are under development, including some in the phase 3 stage. The new wave of combination therapies for metastatic RCC has the potential to increase response rates and improve survival outcomes while maintaining tolerable side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj V Khetani
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Daniella E Portal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Mansi R Shah
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Tina Mayer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
| | - Eric A Singer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States
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Theodros D, Murter BM, Sidhom JW, Nirschl TR, Clark DJ, Chen L, Tam AJ, Blosser RL, Schwen ZR, Johnson MH, Pierorazio PM, Zhang H, Ganguly S, Pardoll DM, Zarif JC. High-dimensional Cytometry (ExCYT) and Mass Spectrometry of Myeloid Infiltrate in Clinically Localized Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Identifies Novel Potential Myeloid Targets for Immunotherapy. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1850-1859. [PMID: 32737216 PMCID: PMC7664124 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the focus of the role of cancer immunotherapy has been in advanced disease states, we sought to investigate changes to the immune infiltrate of early, clinically localized clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). Using orthogonal approaches including Mass Spectrometry on immune cell infiltrates, we report numerous alterations that provide new insight into the biology of treatment-naïve ccRCC and identification of novel targets that may prove to be clinically impactful. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide with research efforts dramatically improving understanding of the biology of the disease. To investigate the role of the immune system in treatment-naïve clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC), we interrogated the immune infiltrate in patient-matched ccRCC tumor samples, benign normal adjacent tissue (NAT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs isolated from whole blood, focusing our attention on the myeloid cell infiltrate. Using flow cytometric, MS, and ExCYT analysis, we discovered unique myeloid populations in PBMCs across patient samples. Furthermore, normal adjacent tissues and ccRCC tissues contained numerous myeloid populations with a unique signature for both tissues. Enrichment of the immune cell (CD45+) fraction and subsequent gene expression analysis revealed a number of myeloid-related genes that were differentially expressed. These data provide evidence, for the first time, of an immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic role of myeloid cells in early, clinically localized ccRCC. The identification of a number of immune proteins for therapeutic targeting provides a rationale for investigation into the potential efficacy of earlier intervention with single-agent or combination immunotherapy for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debebe Theodros
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin M Murter
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John-William Sidhom
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas R Nirschl
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Pathobiology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David J Clark
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - LiJun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ada J Tam
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard L Blosser
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zeyad R Schwen
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael H Johnson
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip M Pierorazio
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sudipto Ganguly
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Pathobiology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jelani C Zarif
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Russo G, Reche P, Pennisi M, Pappalardo F. The combination of artificial intelligence and systems biology for intelligent vaccine design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1267-1281. [PMID: 32662677 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1791076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A new body of evidence depicts the applications of artificial intelligence and systems biology in vaccine design and development. The combination of both approaches shall revolutionize healthcare, accelerating clinical trial processes and reducing the costs and time involved in drug research and development. AREAS COVERED This review explores the basics of artificial intelligence and systems biology approaches in the vaccine development pipeline. The topics include a detailed description of epitope prediction tools for designing epitope-based vaccines and agent-based models for immune system response prediction, along with a focus on their potentiality to facilitate clinical trial phases. EXPERT OPINION Artificial intelligence and systems biology offer the opportunity to avoid the inefficiencies and failures that arise in the classical vaccine development pipeline. One promising solution is the combination of both methodologies in a multiscale perspective through an accurate pipeline. We are entering an 'in silico era' in which scientific partnerships, including a more and more increasing creation of an 'ecosystem' of collaboration and multidisciplinary approach, are relevant for addressing the long and risky road of vaccine discovery and development. In this context, regulatory guidance should be developed to qualify the in silico trials as evidence for intelligent vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Russo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania , Catania, Italy
| | - Pedro Reche
- Department of Immunology, Universidad Complutense De Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria , Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzio Pennisi
- Computer Science Institute, DiSIT, University of Eastern Piedmont , Italy
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Elaidi R, Phan L, Borchiellini D, Barthelemy P, Ravaud A, Oudard S, Vano Y. Comparative Efficacy of First-Line Immune-Based Combination Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061673. [PMID: 32599839 PMCID: PMC7352474 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three drug combinations, ipilimumab-nivolumab (Ipi-Nivo), pembrolizumab-axitinib (Pembro-Axi), and avelumab-axitinib (Ave-Axi), have received regulatory approval in the USA and Europe for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with clear cell component (mRCC). However, no head-to-head comparison data are available to identify the best option. Therefore, we aimed to compare these new treatments in a first-line setting. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov for any randomized controlled trials of treatment-naïve patients with mRCC, from January 2015 to October 2019. The process was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis with two different approaches, a contrast-based model comparing HRs and ORs between studies and arm-based using parametric modeling. The outcomes for the analysis were overall survival, progression-free survival (PFS), and objective response rate. Our search identified 3 published phase 3 randomized clinical trials (2835 patients). In the contrast-based model, Ave-Axi (SUCRA = 83%) and Pembro-Axi (SUCRA = 80%) exhibited the best ranking probabilities for PFS. For overall survival (OS), Pembro-Axi (SUCRA = 96%) was the most preferable option against Ave-Axi and Ipi-Nivo. Objective response rate analysis showed Ave-Axi as the best (SUCRA: 94%) and Pembro-Axi as the second best option. In the parametric models, the risk of progression was comparable for Ave-Axi and Ipi-Nivo, whereas Pembro-Axi exhibited a lower risk during the first 6 months of treatment and a higher risk afterwards. Furthermore, Pembro-Axi exhibited a net advantage in terms of OS over the two other regimens, while Ave-Axi was the least preferable option. Overall evidence suggests that pembrolizumab plus axitinib seems to have a slight advantage over the other two combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Elaidi
- ARTIC (Association pour la Recherche sur les Thérapeutiques Innovantes en Cancérologie), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-56-09-23-40
| | - Letuan Phan
- ARTIC (Association pour la Recherche sur les Thérapeutiques Innovantes en Cancérologie), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France;
| | | | | | - Alain Ravaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital St Andre, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Stéphane Oudard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France; (S.O.); (Y.V.)
| | - Yann Vano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France; (S.O.); (Y.V.)
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A Meta-Analysis Evaluating Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Harboring Chromosome 9P Loss. Mol Diagn Ther 2020; 23:569-577. [PMID: 31332726 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-019-00414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT 9p loss appears a reliable and promising marker able to differentiate specific categories of patients with renal cell carcinoma associated with a worse prognosis. OBJECTIVE The aim was to systematically evaluate relative risk of death, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) among patients harboring 9p loss. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We found a total of 92 potentially relevant articles focused on the detection of 9p loss in patients with renal cell carcinoma and clinical outcomes of this population. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were employed to carry out this work. Fourteen studies resulted to be eligible for this analysis; 11 of these reported data on 5-year overall survival, six on CSS and four on DFS. An increased risk of death has been observed in patients harboring 9p loss (pooled relative risk of 3.965; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.647-5.940, p < 0.001). Similarly, worse CSS (hazard ratio [HR] 6.776; 95% CI 3.824-12.009; p < 0.001) and DFS (HR 2.914; 95% CI 1.245-6.819; p = 0.014) have been observed in this population. Heterogeneity was significant in survival analysis, while no significant heterogeneity was observed in the CSS and DFS analyses. CONCLUSIONS Patients harboring chromosome 9p loss have worse clinical outcomes in terms of overall survival, CSS and DFS.
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Friedrich M, Heimer N, Stoehr C, Steven A, Wach S, Taubert H, Hartmann A, Seliger B. CREB1 is affected by the microRNAs miR-22-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-27a-3p, and miR-221-3p and correlates with adverse clinicopathological features in renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6499. [PMID: 32300145 PMCID: PMC7162877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB1) has been shown to be involved in diverse biological pathways including the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and metastasis. In this context, aberrant expression of CREB1 and the functional consequences are well investigated in a number of hematopoietic and solid tumors. However, CREB1 expression and underlying control mechanisms are only poorly analyzed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The present study confirmed a deregulation of CREB1 protein in the clear cell type of RCC (ccRCC) and analysis of in-house ccRCC cell lines suggested a post-transcriptional control. The combination of miRNA enrichment assay, in silico analysis and molecular biological approaches revealed four novel CREB1-regulating miRNAs, namely miR-22-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-27a-3p, and miR-221-3p. Categorizing RCC samples as CREB1 negative or positive, respectively, the expression of these miRNAs was found to be inversely correlated with CREB1 protein levels. Analyzing 453 consecutive RCC tumors by immunohistochemistry, weakly negative, but significant correlations of CREB1 with tumor stage and grade, vascular invasion (V1) and lymphovascular invasion (L1) were found. In this respect, ccRCC might differ from other solid tumors like esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma or glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Friedrich
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nadine Heimer
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christine Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Steven
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Institute of Urology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Institute of Urology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Yoon JY, Gedye C, Paterson J, Ailles L. Stem/progenitor cell marker expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a potential relationship with the immune microenvironment to be explored. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:272. [PMID: 32245446 PMCID: PMC7119074 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a markedly heterogeneous disease in many aspects, including the tumour microenvironment. Our previous study showed the importance of the tumour microenvironment in ccRCC xeno-transplant success rates. In order to better understand the potential relationship between TICs and the immune microenvironment, we employed a multi-modal approach, examining RNA and protein expression (flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry). METHODS We first examined the gene expression pattern of 18 stem/progenitor marker genes in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) ccRCC cohort. Flow cytometry was next employed to examine lineage-specific expression levels of stem/progenitor markers and immune population makeup in six, disaggregated, primary ccRCC specimens. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a commercial ccRCC tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS The 18 genes differed with respect to their correlation patterns with one another and to their prognostic significance. By flow cytometry, correlating expression frequency of 12 stem/progenitor markers and CD10 resulted in two clusters-one with CD10 (marker of proximal tubular differentiation), and second cluster containing mostly mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers, including CD146. In turn, these clusters differed with respect to their correlation with different CD45+ lineage markers and their expression of immune checkpoint pathway proteins. To confirm these findings, four stem/progenitor marker expression patterns were compared with CD4, CD8 and CD20 in a ccRCC TMA which showed a number of similar trends with respect to frequency of the different tumour-infiltrating leukocytes. CONCLUSION Taken together, we observed heterogeneous but patterned expression levels of different stem/progenitor markers. Our results suggest a non-random relationship between their expression patterns with the immune microenvironment populations in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yoon Yoon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A1, Canada.
| | - Craig Gedye
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Paterson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurie Ailles
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Modeling clear cell renal cell carcinoma and therapeutic implications. Oncogene 2020; 39:3413-3426. [PMID: 32123314 PMCID: PMC7194123 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1234-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises a diverse group of malignancies arising from the nephron. The most prevalent type, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), is characterized by genetic mutations in factors governing the hypoxia signaling pathway, resulting in metabolic dysregulation, heightened angiogenesis, intratumoral heterogeneity, and deleterious tumor microenvironmental (TME) crosstalk. Identification of specific genetic variances has led to therapeutic innovation and improved survival for patients with ccRCC. Current barriers to effective long-term therapeutic success highlight the need for continued drug development using improved modeling systems. ccRCC preclinical models can be grouped into three broad categories: cell line, mouse, and 3D models. Yet, the breadth of important unanswered questions in ccRCC research far exceeds the accessibility of model systems capable of carrying them out. Accordingly, we review the strengths, weaknesses, and therapeutic implications of each model system that are relied upon today.
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Sarantis P, Koustas E, Papadimitropoulou A, Papavassiliou AG, Karamouzis MV. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Treatment hurdles, tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2020; 12:173-181. [PMID: 32104548 PMCID: PMC7031151 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v12.i2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal diseases, with an average 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Unfortunately, the majority of patients have unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation have not been shown to significantly improve survival. Recently, there has been a swift increase in cancer treatments that incorporate immunotherapy-based strategies to target all the stepwise events required for tumor initiation and progression. The results in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma are very encouraging. Unfortunately, the application of checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, in pancreatic cancer has been disappointing. Many studies have revealed that the PDAC microenvironment supports tumor growth, promotes metastasis and consists of a physical barrier to drug delivery. Combination therapies hold great promise for enhancing immune responses to achieve a better therapeutic effect. In this review, we provide an outline of why pancreatic cancer is so lethal and of the treatment hurdles that exist. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the tumor microenvironment, and some of the latest and most promising studies on immunotherapy in PDAC are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Sarantis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Koustas
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Adriana Papadimitropoulou
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Michalis V Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- First Department of Internal Medicine, “Laiko” General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Lobo J, Jerónimo C, Henrique R. Targeting the Immune system and Epigenetic Landscape of Urological Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E829. [PMID: 32012885 PMCID: PMC7037817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last years, we have witnessed remarkable advances in targeted therapies for cancer patients. There is a growing effort to either replace or reduce the dose of unspecific, systemic (chemo)therapies, given the associated short- and long-term side effects, by introducing more specific targeted therapies as single or combination agents. Due to the well-known implications of the immune system and epigenetic landscape in modulating cancer development, both have been explored as potential targets in several malignancies, including those affecting the genitourinary tract. As the immune system function is also epigenetically regulated, there is rationale for combining both strategies. However, this is still rather underexplored, namely in urological tumors. We aim to briefly review the use of immune therapies in prostate, kidney, bladder, and testicular cancer, and further describe studies providing supporting evidence on their combination with epigenetic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Lobo
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
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Exceptional Response of Metastatic Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitors: Should Increased VEGF-C Expression Be Used to Guide Treatment? Case Rep Urol 2020; 2019:2479823. [PMID: 31956465 PMCID: PMC6949673 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2479823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is sparse literature demonstrating effective treatments for metastatic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC). The tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib selectively inhibits the VEGF pathway and it is a standard care for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), although data supporting its use in ChRCC is much more limited. A 56-year-old underwent palliative nephrectomy for locally-advanced ChRCC with sarcomatoid differentiation. Tumor gene expression profiling using Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip platform demonstrated significantly elevated VEGF-C expression compared to normal renal tissue (n = 12) and other types RCC (n = 158). Adjuvant sunitinib was used to treat his residual unresectable retroperitoneal lymph nodes. He demonstrated an exceptional response and underwent complete surgical resection four months later. He has been managed with TKIs for nearly nine years with only minimal disease progression. Additional studies exploring treatment options for patients with non-clear cell RCC are needed; in their absence, we would recommend TKIs for patients whose tumors bear a similar molecular profile.
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Cimadamore A, Scarpelli M, Santoni M, Massari F, Tartari F, Cerqueti R, Lopez-Beltran A, Cheng L, Montironi R. Genitourinary Tumors: Update on Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis and Prediction of Response to Therapy. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:305-312. [PMID: 30799789 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190225124352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research of biomarkers in genitourinary tumors goes along with the development of complex emerging techniques ranging from next generation sequencing platforms, applied to archival pathology specimens, cytological samples, liquid biopsies, and to patient-derived tumor models. METHODS This contribution is an update on molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy in genitourinary tumors. The following major topics are dealt with: Immunological biomarkers, including the microbiome, and their potential role and caveats in renal cell carcinoma, bladder and prostate cancers and testicular germ cell tumors; Tissue biomarkers for imaging and therapy, with emphasis on Prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer; Liquid biomarkers in prostate cancer, including circulating tumor cell isolation and characterization in renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer with emphasis on biomarkers detectable in the urine and testicular germ cell tumors; and Biomarkers and economic sustainability. CONCLUSION The identification of effective biomarkers has become a major focus in cancer research, mainly due to the necessity of selecting potentially responsive patients in order to improve their outcomes, as well as to reduce the toxicity and costs related to ineffective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Scarpelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Tartari
- Department of Economics and Law, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Roy Cerqueti
- Department of Economics and Law, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy
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Strizova Z, Bartunkova J, Smrz D. The challenges of adoptive cell transfer in the treatment of human renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1831-1838. [PMID: 31222485 PMCID: PMC11028041 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02359-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urologic malignancies. Its incidence continues to rise worldwide with a rate of 2% per year. Approximately, one-third of the RCC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages due to the asymptomatic nature of its early stages. This represents a great hurdle, since RCC is largely chemoresistant/radioresistant, and targeted therapy of mRCC still has limited efficacy. The 5-year survival rate of metastatic RCC (mRCC) is only around 10%. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), a particular form of cell-based anticancer immunotherapy, is a promising approach in the treatment of mRCC. The vaccination principle, however, faces unique challenges that preclude the efficacy of ACT. In this article, we review the main challenges of ACT in the treatment of mRCC and describe multiple methods that can be used to overcome these challenges. In this respect, the ultimate purpose of this review is to provide a descriptive tool by which to improve the development of novel protocols for ACT of mRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Strizova
- Institute of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jirina Bartunkova
- Institute of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Institute of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic.
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