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Hamer GL, Fimbres-Macias JP, Juarez JG, Downs CH, Carbajal E, Melo M, Garza DY, Killets KC, Wilkerson GK, Carrera-Treviño R, Corona-Barrera E, Tello-Campa AA, Rojas-Mesta MR, Borden JH, Banfield MG, Hamer SA. Development of an operational trap for collection, killing, and preservation of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): the kissing bug kill trap. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae087. [PMID: 39024462 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Surveillance of triatomines or kissing bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae), the insect vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, a Chagas disease agent, is hindered by the lack of an effective trap. To develop a kissing bug trap, we made iterative improvements over 3 years on a basic design resulting in 7 trap prototypes deployed across field sites in Texas, United States and Northern Mexico, yielding the capture of 325 triatomines of 4 species (Triatoma gerstaeckeri [Stål], T. sanguisuga [LeConte], T. neotomae [Neiva], and T. rubida [Uhler]). We began in 2019 with vertical transparent tarpaulin panel traps illuminated with artificial light powered by AC current, which were successful in autonomous trapping of flying triatomines, but were expensive, labor-intensive, and fragile. In 2020, we switched to white LED lights powered by a solar cell. We tested a scaled-down version of the vertical panel traps, a commercial cross-vane trap, and a multiple-funnel trap. The multiple-funnel traps captured 2.6× more kissing bugs per trap-day than cross-vane traps and approached the performance of the vertical panel traps in number of triatomines captured, number of triatomines per trap-day and triatomines per arthropod bycatch. Multiple-funnel traps required the least labor, were more durable, and had the highest triatomines per day per cost. Propylene glycol in the collection cups effectively preserved captured triatomines allowing for molecular detection of T. cruzi. The trapping experiments established dispersal patterns for the captured species. We conclude that multiple-funnel traps with solar-powered LED lights should be considered for adoption as surveillance and potentially mass-trapping management tools for triatomines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Hamer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Juan P Fimbres-Macias
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jose G Juarez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Christopher H Downs
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- BanfieldBio, Inc., Woodinville, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Danya Y Garza
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Keswick C Killets
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gregory K Wilkerson
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Bastrop, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill NC, USA
| | - Rogelio Carrera-Treviño
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, México
| | - Enrique Corona-Barrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, México
| | - Arturo Arabied Tello-Campa
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, México
| | - Martha Rocío Rojas-Mesta
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo, México
| | | | | | - Sarah A Hamer
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
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Gómez-Bravo A, Cirignoli S, Wehrendt D, Schijman A, León CM, Flores-Chaves M, Nieto J, Kieran TJ, Abril M, Guhl F. Zoonotic Cycle of American Trypanosomiasis in an Endemic Region of the Argentine Chaco, Factors That Influenced a Paradigm Shift. INSECTS 2024; 15:471. [PMID: 39057204 PMCID: PMC11277326 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis), is a highly complex zoonosis that is present throughout South America, Central America, and Mexico. The transmission of this disease is influenced by various factors, including human activities like deforestation and land use changes, which may have altered the natural transmission cycles and their connection to the environment. In this study conducted in the Argentine Chaco region, we examined the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi by collecting blood samples from wild and domestic animals, as well as triatomine bugs from human dwellings, across five sites of varying anthropic intervention. Samples were analyzed for T. cruzi infection via qPCR, and we additionally examined triatomines for bloodmeal analysis via NGS amplicon sequencing. Our analysis revealed a 15.3% infection rate among 20 wild species (n = 123) and no T. cruzi presence in 9 species of domestic animals (n = 1359) or collected triatomines via qPCR. Additionally, we found chicken (34.28%), human (21.59%), and goat (19.36%) as the predominant bloodmeal sources across all sites. These findings suggest that anthropic intervention and other variables analyzed may have directly impacted the spillover dynamics of T. cruzi's sylvatic cycle and potentially reduced its prevalence in human habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gómez-Bravo
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires C1061ABC, Argentina; (A.G.-B.); (M.F.-C.); (M.A.)
| | - Sebastián Cirignoli
- Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico, Puerto Iguazú N3370AIA, Argentina;
- Administración de Parques Nacionales, Parque Nacional Iberá, Mercedes W3470, Argentina
| | - Diana Wehrendt
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres”, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Alejandro Schijman
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres”, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Cielo M. León
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - María Flores-Chaves
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires C1061ABC, Argentina; (A.G.-B.); (M.F.-C.); (M.A.)
- Unidad de Leishmaniasis y Enfermedad de Chagas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain;
| | - Javier Nieto
- Unidad de Leishmaniasis y Enfermedad de Chagas, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain;
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Marcelo Abril
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires C1061ABC, Argentina; (A.G.-B.); (M.F.-C.); (M.A.)
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
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3
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Urbano P, Hernández C, Velásquez-Ortiz N, Ballesteros N, Páez-Triana L, Vega L, Urrea V, Ramírez A, Muñoz M, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, González C, Ramírez JD. Transmission ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi by Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviidae: Triatominae) infesting palm-tree species in the Colombian Orinoco, indicates risks to human populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011981. [PMID: 38377140 PMCID: PMC10906903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, affecting approximately eight million individuals in tropical regions, is primarily transmitted by vectors. Rhodnius prolixus, a triatomine vector, commonly inhabits in ecotopes with diverse palm tree species, creating optimal conditions for vector proliferation. This study aims to explore the transmission ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative parasite of Chagas disease, by investigating the feeding patterns and natural infection rates of R. prolixus specimens collected from various wild palm species in the Colombian Orinoco region. MATERIALS AND METHODS To achieve this objective, we sampled 35 individuals from three palm species (Attalea butyracea, Acrocomia aculeata, and Mauritia flexuosa) in a riparian forest in the Casanare department of eastern Colombia, totaling 105 sampled palm trees. DNA was extracted and analyzed from 115 R. prolixus specimens at different developmental stages using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for T. cruzi detection and identification of discrete typing units. Feeding preferences were determined by sequencing the 12S rRNA gene amplicon through next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A total of 676 R. prolixus specimens were collected from the sampled palms. The study revealed variation in population densities and developmental stages of R. prolixus among palm tree species, with higher densities observed in A. butyracea and lower densities in M. flexuosa. TcI was the exclusive T. cruzi discrete typing unit (DTU) found, with infection frequency positively correlated with R. prolixus abundance. Insects captured in A. butyracea exhibited higher abundance and infection rates than those from other palm species. The feeding sources comprised 13 mammal species, showing no significant differences between palm species in terms of blood sources. However, Didelphis marsupialis and Homo sapiens were present in all examined R. prolixus, and Dasypus novemcinctus was found in 89.47% of the insects. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significance of wild palms, particularly A. butyracea, as a substantial risk factor for T. cruzi transmission to humans in these environments. High population densities and infection rates of R. prolixus were observed in each examined palm tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plutarco Urbano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia, Universidad Internacional del Trópico Americano (Unitrópico), Yopal, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Centro de Tecnología en Salud (CETESA), Innovaseq SAS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Velásquez-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Ballesteros
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa Páez-Triana
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Vanessa Urrea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angie Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Biotecnología-UR (CIMBIUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, United States of America
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Carrasquilla MC, Ortiz MI, Amórtegui-Hernández D, García-Restrepo S, León C, Méndez-Cardona S, González C. Pathogens, reservoirs, and vectors involved in the transmission of vector-borne and zoonotic diseases in a Colombian region. Braz J Microbiol 2023:10.1007/s42770-023-00903-9. [PMID: 36828985 PMCID: PMC9957688 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The ecology of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) is an important system of great complexity, which involves the knowledge about the pathogens and animal species entailed in maintaining transmission cycles in a given locality, including those that act as vectors and reservoirs for the transmitted pathogens. To understand the ecology of some VBDs, we studied vectors, reservoirs, and pathogens of different VBDs, including dengue, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, malaria, Zika, and chikungunya in the municipality of La Mesa, Cundinamarca, Colombia, a locality close to the capital, Bogotá. Vectors and mammals were sampled in urban and rural areas between May and August 2019. Molecular analyses were performed for the detection of pathogens in mammals and vectors, and of blood-meal sources in insects. Several vectors and mammals collected in this study have been involved in pathogen transmission cycles or may have a potential role in them. The findings of this study suggest that in the municipality of La Mesa, there are both vector and potential reservoir species, which are or could be implicated in the maintenance of the cycles of vector-borne diseases such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Although arbovirus infections, such as dengue, are reported in the municipality, arbovirus presence was not detected. These findings highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance of vectors and associated control operations in La Mesa, of relevance to other locations where vectors and animal hosts also occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Carrasquilla
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Mario Iván Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Daniela Amórtegui-Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sebastián García-Restrepo
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Bosques Tropicales y Primatología (LEBTYP), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cielo León
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Méndez-Cardona
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Nevoa JC, Latorre-Estivalis JM, Pais FSM, Marliére NP, Fernandes GDR, Lorenzo MG, Guarneri AA. Global characterization of gene expression in the brain of starved immature Rhodnius prolixus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282490. [PMID: 36867641 PMCID: PMC9983911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodnius prolixus is a vector of Chagas disease and has become a model organism to study physiology, behavior, and pathogen interaction. The publication of its genome allowed initiating a process of comparative characterization of the gene expression profiles of diverse organs exposed to varying conditions. Brain processes control the expression of behavior and, as such, mediate immediate adjustment to a changing environment, allowing organisms to maximize their chances to survive and reproduce. The expression of fundamental behavioral processes like feeding requires fine control in triatomines because they obtain their blood meals from potential predators. Therefore, the characterization of gene expression profiles of key components modulating behavior in brain processes, like those of neuropeptide precursors and their receptors, seems fundamental. Here we study global gene expression profiles in the brain of starved R. prolixus fifth instar nymphs by means of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). RESULTS The expression of neuromodulatory genes such as those of precursors of neuropeptides, neurohormones, and their receptors; as well as the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and processing of neuropeptides and biogenic amines were fully characterized. Other important gene targets such as neurotransmitter receptors, nuclear receptors, clock genes, sensory receptors, and takeouts genes were identified and their gene expression analyzed. CONCLUSION We propose that the set of neuromodulatory-related genes highly expressed in the brain of starved R. prolixus nymphs deserves functional characterization to allow the subsequent development of tools targeting them for bug control. As the brain is a complex structure that presents functionally specialized areas, future studies should focus on characterizing gene expression profiles in target areas, e.g. mushroom bodies, to complement our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Coraiola Nevoa
- Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose Manuel Latorre-Estivalis
- Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires - CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Newmar Pinto Marliére
- Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Gustavo Lorenzo
- Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Aparecida Guarneri
- Vector Behaviour and Pathogen Interaction Group, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Méndez-Cardona S, Ortiz MI, Carrasquilla MC, Fuya P, Guhl F, González C. Altitudinal distribution and species richness of triatomines (Hemiptera:Reduviidae) in Colombia. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:450. [PMID: 36463194 PMCID: PMC9719156 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is considered to be endemic in up to 40% of the territory of Colombia, and to date 27 triatomine species have been reported the country. The purpose of this study was to update the geographical distribution of triatomine species in Colombia and assess the species richness patterns and their altitudinal distribution. METHODS Occurrence data were compiled between 2007 and 2020, including from reports of entomological surveillance from the Instituto Nacional de Salud (INS), the Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT) at Universidad de Los Andes and a review of the literature. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to describe general species richness patterns of the Triatominae subfamily. To establish the altitudinal distribution of the triatomine species, ranges were obtained from reports with unique elevation values. A generalized linear model was fitted, based on a Poisson distribution, to test the relation between triatomine species richness and Chagas disease cases (2012-2019). RESULTS An updated geographical and altitudinal distribution for triatomine species in Colombia was established, with 507 municipalities added to the previously known distributions. The greatest triatomine richness in Colombia was found to be concentrated in the northeastern region of the country, extending towards the center to the departments of Arauca, Casanare and Meta. Regarding the altitudinal distribution, the study revealed that the species Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma dimidiata have the greatest altitudinal ranges. The data also suggest a positive relation between species richness and number of Chagas disease cases reported per department. CONCLUSIONS Altitudinal ranges for 17 triatomine species found in Colombia are presented. Species richness and species composition patterns are also described, and areas with a higher risk of transmission based on the relation found with Chagas disease cases are highlighted. This updated distribution reveals that Panstrongylus geniculatus is the triatomine with the largest presence by municipalities in Colombia, being reported in 284 municipalities, followed by Rhodnius prolixus in 277 municipalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Méndez-Cardona
- grid.419226.a0000 0004 0614 5067Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia ,grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mario I. Ortiz
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Cristina Carrasquilla
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Patricia Fuya
- grid.419226.a0000 0004 0614 5067Grupo de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila González
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología Y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Calderón JM, Erazo D, Kieran TJ, Gottdenker NL, León C, Cordovez J, Guhl F, Glenn TC, González C. How microclimatic variables and blood meal sources influence Rhodnius prolixus abundance and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Attalea butyracea and Elaeis guineensis palms? Acta Trop 2020; 212:105674. [PMID: 32827453 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a zoonosis that affects several million people and is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is mainly transmitted through the feces of triatomine bugs. Within triatomines, several Rhodnius species have been found inhabiting palms, and certain factors such as palm species and location have been related to the abundance and T. cruzi infection of those insects in palms. In this study, the main goal was to determine if R. prolixus abundances and infection rates in Attalea butyracea and Elaeis guineensis palms are related to ecological factors such as palm species, crown microclimate, and available blood meal sources. Triatomine sampling was performed in two municipalities of Casanare, Colombia, specifically in the intersection of riparian forests and oil palm plantations. For R. prolixus abundance per palm, the predictors showing more relationship were palm species and blood meal species identified in the palm, and for T. cruzi infection per triatomine, they were palm species and nymphal stage. Palm microclimate was very similar in both palm species and did not show a relationship with triatomine abundance. Comparing palm species, A. butyracea showed more blood meal species, including more refractory host species, than E. guineensis, but lower T. cruzi infection rate and parasitaemia. Interestingly, non-arboreal blood meal species were frequently found in the analyzed nymphs, indicating that the blood source for R. prolixus in palms corresponded to all the fauna located in the surrounded landscape and not only in the palm. These results could expose a new ecological scenario to interpret the T. cruzi transmission in sylvatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Calderón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia.
| | - Diana Erazo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Troy J Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Nicole L Gottdenker
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Cielo León
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan Cordovez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
| | - Travis C Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá D.C. 111711, Colombia
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8
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Erazo D, González C, Guhl F, Umaña JD, Morales-Betancourt JA, Cordovez J. Rhodnius prolixus Colonization and Trypanosoma cruzi Transmission in Oil Palm ( Elaeis guineensis) Plantations in the Orinoco Basin, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:428-436. [PMID: 32458775 PMCID: PMC7356441 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease that infects more than seven million people in Latin America. The parasite is transmitted by triatomine insects, of which some species are often associated with palms. The establishment of oil palm plantations (Elaeis guineensis) in the Orinoco region (Colombia) has been rapidly growing, possibly constituting a new environment for the establishment and increase in triatomine populations. In this study, the potential of Rhodnius prolixus to colonize E. guineensis plantations and maintain T. cruzi transmission was assessed. Fieldwork was conducted in two areas located in the department of Casanare for sampling E. guineensis and Attalea butyracea palms, sampling for triatomines to determine their abundance and prevalence of T. cruzi infection. To assess T. cruzi transmission potential in the area, sylvatic and domestic mammals were sampled. Results showed that palm infestation with triatomines was higher in A. butyracea than in E. guineensis palms and T. cruzi infection in triatomines varied between habitats for one study area, but was constant in the other site. Trypanosoma cruzi–infected mammals in the E. guineensis plantations were mainly generalist rodents, suggesting that these mammals could have an important role in T. cruzi transmission in plantations. In conclusion, E. guineensis plantations in the Orinoco region are suitable habitats for R. prolixus and T. cruzi transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Erazo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Daniel Umaña
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Alejandro Morales-Betancourt
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Cordovez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Calderón JM, Fuya P, Santacoloma L, González C. Deltamethrin resistance in Chagas disease vectors colonizing oil palm plantations: implications for vector control strategies in a public health-agriculture interface. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:163. [PMID: 32245509 PMCID: PMC7118854 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triatomine bugs are responsible for the vectorial transmission of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease, a zoonosis affecting 10 million people and with 25 million at risk of infection. Several triatomine species of the genus Rhodnius have been found inhabiting palm crowns where insects can find shelter in leaves axils and blood from palm-associated vertebrates. Rhodnius prolixus insects have been collected in oil palms in Colombia, and high T. cruzi infection rates were found. Since pest control is carried out in oil palm plantations, continuous exposure to insecticides could be occurring in these triatomines. Some insecticides suggested for pest control in oil palm plantations are also recommended for triatomine control in human dwellings. In this study, our objective was to assess if triatomines inhabiting oil palms exhibit resistance to deltamethrin, an insecticide used for vector control. Methods Rhodnius prolixus nymphs were sampled in oil palms located in Tauramena, Colombia. To determine deltamethrin resistance, biological and biochemical assays were carried out on fifth-instar nymphs from the F1 generation. For biological assays, pure and commercial deltamethrin were used, and in biochemical assays, activities of detoxifying enzymes related to pyrethroid resistance, such as oxidases, esterases and transferases, were quantified. Results Deltamethrin lethal dosage 50 and 90 in R. prolixus from oil palms was significantly higher than in those from a susceptible colony suggesting possible deltamethrin resistance. Moreover, mortality with commercial deltamethrin was very low in insects from oil palms. In biochemical assays, the activity of evaluated detoxifying enzymes was significantly higher in R. prolixus from oil palms than in those from the susceptible colony. Conclusions Possible deltamethrin resistance found in R. prolixus insects from oil palms could threaten traditional vector control strategies in urban settings if insecticide-resistant triatomines can migrate from oil palms plantations. In palm oil producer countries such as Colombia, the oil palm plantations are growing constantly during the last years. We suggest that pest control strategies in oil palm crops should include triatomine surveillance and toxicological monitoring, especially in zones with several Chagas disease cases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan M Calderón
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
| | - Patricia Fuya
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Liliana Santacoloma
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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10
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Rincón-Galvis HJ, Urbano P, Hernández C, Ramírez JD. Temporal Variation of the Presence of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Into Rural Dwellings in the Department of Casanare, Eastern Colombia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:173-180. [PMID: 31559422 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus (Stål, 1859) is the major vector of Trypanosoma cruzi in Colombia and Venezuela. The species is strongly associated with high-altitude ecotopes, such as sylvatic palms (Attalea butyracea), where spatially and temporally stable infestations are established. We investigated temporal variation in regards to the presence of R. prolixus in rural dwellings in the department of Casanare (eastern Colombia) over a period of 12 mo. Thirty houses were sampled from January to December 2017 by installing Maria sensors, collecting triatomines through community entomological surveillance, and conducting a monthly search in each house. The collection of specimens from the houses varied significantly by month with the higher number of collections occurring in the low-rainfall season and the lower number of collections occurring in the months of increased precipitation. The proportions of males, females, and nymphs also varied significantly throughout the time period: nymphs (fifth instar only) were reported only during May, July, and September and significantly greater numbers of females than males were reported in the inspected dwellings in all months. Density, crowding, and colonization indices varied according to the season. A bloodmeal analysis revealed 17 different hosts. A total of 42 randomly selected R. prolixus specimens were subjected to molecular analyses for detection of T. cruzi DNA with 22 found positive (infection prevalence of 52%). In conclusion, we observed a high presence of R. prolixus (infected with T. cruzi) in dwellings close to native palm plantations. These findings indicate a high risk of vector transmission of T. cruzi for people in the study areas and challenges for the current vector control schemes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Jineth Rincón-Galvis
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia (GINBIO), Fundación Universitaria Internacional del Trópico Americano (Unitrópico), Yopal, Colombia
| | - Plutarco Urbano
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas de la Orinoquia (GINBIO), Fundación Universitaria Internacional del Trópico Americano (Unitrópico), Yopal, Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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11
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Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi strains circulating in Córdoba department (Colombia) isolated from triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) collected by the community. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:265-277. [PMID: 31529814 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v39i2.3973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From 2011 to 2016, 24 cases of Chagas disease were reported in Córdoba according to the national public health surveillance system (Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Sivigila), but the information regarding Trypanosoma cruzi circulating strains and infection rates are unknown. OBJECTIVES To establish the triatomine species with which people come in contact and recognize as Chagas disease vectors, as well as to assess the infection with trypanosomes and make an exploratory approach to host feeding preferences with the participation of the local community. MATERIALS AND METHODS Triatomines sampling was conducted in 12 municipalities between 2011 and 2016; T. cruzi infection was established by k-PCR, SAT-PCR, while strain genotyping was done by mini-exon and SL-IR (spliced-leader intergenic region) sequence characterization. We also screened for blood sources. RESULTS Local community members collected the majority of triatomines and we identified three species: Rhodnius pallescens, Panstrongylus geniculatus, and Eratyrus cuspidatus. The overall T. cruzi infection rate in collected triatomines was 66.6% and we detected the TcIDOM and TcI sylvatic strains. Community-based insect collection allowed reporting the presence of P. geniculatus in two new disperse rural settlements, T. cruzi infection of P. geniculatus in Córdoba, and the first report of triatomines infected with T. cruzi in Montería municipality. CONCLUSIONS These results revealed the presence of triatomines infected with T. cruzi inside dwellings in five municipalities of Córdoba. The dominant circulating T. cruzi strain was TcIDOM, a genotype associated with human Chagas disease and cardiomyopathies in Colombia. Our results highlight the importance of local community participation in entomological surveillance tasks.
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12
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Erazo D, Gottdenker NL, González C, Guhl F, Cuellar M, Kieran TJ, Glenn TC, Umaña JD, Cordovez J. Generalist host species drive Trypanosoma cruzi vector infection in oil palm plantations in the Orinoco region, Colombia. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:274. [PMID: 31138275 PMCID: PMC6540391 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oil palm plantation establishment in Colombia has the potential to impact Chagas disease transmission by increasing the distribution range of Rhodnius prolixus. In fact, previous studies have reported Trypanosoma cruzi natural infection in R. prolixus captured in oil palms (Elaeis guineensis) in the Orinoco region, Colombia. The aim of this study is to understand T. cruzi infection in vectors in oil palm plantations relative to community composition and host dietary specialization by analyzing vector blood meals and comparing these results to vectors captured in a native palm tree species, Attalea butyracea. METHODS Rhodnius prolixus nymphs (n = 316) were collected from A. butyracea and E. guineensis palms in Tauramena, Casanare, Colombia. Vector blood meals from these nymphs were determined by amplifying and sequencing a vertebrate-specific 12S rRNA gene fragment. RESULTS Eighteen vertebrate species were identified and pigs (Sus scrofa) made up the highest proportion of blood meals in both habitats, followed by house mouse (Mus musculus) and opossum (Didelphis marsupialis). Individual bugs feeding only from generalist mammal species had the highest predicted vector infection rate, suggesting that generalist mammalian species are more competent hosts for T. cruzi infection . CONCLUSIONS Oil palm plantations and A. butyracea palms found in altered areas provide a similar quality habitat for R. prolixus populations in terms of blood meal availability. Both habitats showed similarities in vector infection rate and potential host species, representing a single T. cruzi transmission scenario at the introduced oil palm plantation and native Attalea palm interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Erazo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Nicole L. Gottdenker
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Monica Cuellar
- Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Biomédica (GIB), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Travis C. Glenn
- Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Juan D. Umaña
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Juan Cordovez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología Matemática y Computacional (BIOMAC), Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
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Dye-Braumuller KC, Gorchakov R, Gunter SM, Nielsen DH, Roachell WD, Wheless A, Debboun M, Murray KO, Nolan MS. Identification of Triatomines and Their Habitats in a Highly Developed Urban Environment. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2019; 19:265-273. [PMID: 30571182 PMCID: PMC6459272 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven triatomine species, the vector for Chagas disease, are endemic in the southern U.S. While traditionally thought to only occur in rural habitats and sylvatic transmission cycles, recent studies provide compounding evidence that triatomines could exist in urban habitats and domestic transmission cycles in Texas. We conducted a study of active and passive surveillance techniques over 3 years (2016-2018) in the City of Houston, Harris County, Texas to determine the presence of triatomines in this metroplex. Active surveillance methods uncovered Triatoma sanguisuga nymphs from two locations in downtown Houston city parks. We also documented the first Trypanosoma cruzi positive kissing bug collected in an urban environment of Harris County, Texas. Our findings provide evidence that triatomines can be found in heavily populated U.S. urban environments, and warrant public health support for expanded triatomine and Chagas disease surveillance in city settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodion Gorchakov
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah M. Gunter
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - David H. Nielsen
- Public Health Command Central, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Walter D. Roachell
- Public Health Command Central, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anna Wheless
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Mustapha Debboun
- Mosquito and Vector Control Division, Harris County Public Health, Houston, Texas
| | - Kristy O. Murray
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa S. Nolan
- Section of Pediatric Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
- Department of Epidemiology, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Ayala Hoyos CJ, Hernández Mendoza CM, Eyes Escalante M, Romero Ricardo LR, Alvarez Rodriguez RA, Blanco Tuirán P. Detección de infección natural por Trypanosoma cruzi (Trypanosomatidae) en triatominos del municipio de Colosó, Colombia. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2019. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v24n1.72306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El reporte de triatominos infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi en un área silvestre del municipio de Colosó, hizo necesario determinar las especies de vectores en cercanía a las viviendas de la vereda Jorro, por ser el asentamiento rural próximo al hallazgo. En la presente nota, se informa por primera vez para el municipio la presencia de especies de triatominos de importancia epidemiológica con un alto porcentaje de infección por el parásito, además, de ampliar la distribución de estos vectores en el departamento de Sucre. Para ello, se realizaron capturas de los insectos en 13 viviendas por búsqueda activa, vigilancia comunitaria y trampas de luz. La determinación de la infección natural se llevó a cabo por observación directa al microscopio y amplificación por PCR del ADN de T. cruzi presente en el contenido intestinal de los triatominos. En total se capturaron 40 ejemplares de las especies Panstrongylus geniculatus, Rhodnius pallescens, Eratyrus cuspidatus y Triatoma dimidiata. La mayoría de los individuos fueron recolectados en el extradomicilio,con un menor porcentaje de insectos adultos encontrados en ambientes domésticos y la tasa de infección natural en los insectos fue del 85 %.x
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Mesa-Arciniegas P, Parra-Henao G, Carrión-Bonifacio Á, Casas-Cruz A, Patiño-Cuellar A, Díaz-Rodríguez K, Garzón-Jiménez S, Almansa-Manrique J, Bernal-Rosas Y, Hernández-Lamus C, Pedraza-Toscano A, Torres-García O. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in naturally infected dogs from an endemic region of Cundinamarca, Colombia. VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY- REGIONAL STUDIES AND REPORTS 2018; 14:212-216. [PMID: 31014732 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The seropositivity and risk factors for Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs from a municipality of Cundinamarca, a central state of Colombia were studied. A total of 356 client-owned dogs from urban, peri-urban and rural areas of La Mesa municipality, (Cundinamarca, Colombia) were randomly selected. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture. Anti-T. cruzi antibodies were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Reactive ELISA sera were processed by indirect immunofluorescence to confirm the presence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies. Chi-square tests were conducted for statistical analysis. Serologic tests for T. cruzi infection showed a prevalence of 29.49% (105/356), the rural area show a highest T. cruzi infection pattern in comparison with the other zone locations. Two triatomine species were found through the study: Panstrongylus geniculatus (53.4%) and Rhodnius colombiensis (46.6%). The prevalence of positive vectors for parasite was of 52.1% (38/73). Additionally, a very close relation between triatomine bugs and dogs in the rural zone (1:3.1) was observed. These results are the first report of natural infection by T. cruzi in domestic dogs in La Mesa municipality. In conclusion, the presence of anti-T. cruzi antibodies in dogs in this area suggest vector transmission. There is a need for active surveillance programs throughout the La Mesa municipality and vector control strategies should also be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mesa-Arciniegas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la salud Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca - UCMC, Calle 28 No. 5B-02, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Gabriel Parra-Henao
- Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta - UCC - Troncal del Caribe, Km 3, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia; Red Chagas Colombia, Cl. 26 #51-20, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Ángela Carrión-Bonifacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la salud Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca - UCMC, Calle 28 No. 5B-02, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Adriana Casas-Cruz
- Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Santa Marta - UCC - Troncal del Caribe, Km 3, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia
| | - Ana Patiño-Cuellar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño - UAN, Sede Circunvalar - Carrera 3 este # 47A-15, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Katherine Díaz-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la salud Programa de Bacteriología, Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca - UCMC, Calle 28 No. 5B-02, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Sandra Garzón-Jiménez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño - UAN, Sede Circunvalar - Carrera 3 este # 47A-15, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jorge Almansa-Manrique
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño - UAN, Sede Circunvalar - Carrera 3 este # 47A-15, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Yuly Bernal-Rosas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño - UAN, Sede Circunvalar - Carrera 3 este # 47A-15, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Claribell Hernández-Lamus
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño - UAN, Sede Circunvalar - Carrera 3 este # 47A-15, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Adriana Pedraza-Toscano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño - UAN, Sede Circunvalar - Carrera 3 este # 47A-15, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Orlando Torres-García
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño - UAN, Sede Circunvalar - Carrera 3 este # 47A-15, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
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Tovar Acero C, Negrete Peñata J, González C, León C, Ortiz M, Chacón Pacheco J, Monterrosa E, Luna A, Ricardo Caldera D, Espitia-Pérez L. New Scenarios of Chagas Disease Transmission in Northern Colombia. J Parasitol Res 2017; 2017:3943215. [PMID: 29082037 PMCID: PMC5634585 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3943215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a systemic parasitic infection caused by the flagellated form of Trypanosoma cruzi. Córdoba department, located in the Colombian Caribbean Coast, was not considered as a region at risk of T. cruzi transmission. In this article, we describe the first acute CD case in Salitral village in Sahagún, Córdoba, confirmed by microscopy and serological tests. Our results draw attention to a new scenario of transmission of acute CD in nonendemic areas of Colombia and highlight the need to include CD in the differential diagnosis of febrile syndromes in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Tovar Acero
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
| | - Jorge Negrete Peñata
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
| | - Camila González
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cielo León
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mario Ortiz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Chacón Pacheco
- Fundación Colombia Mia, Montería, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad Unicordoba, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Elkin Monterrosa
- Área de Entomología, Laboratorio de Salud Pública de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | | | - Dina Ricardo Caldera
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales y Resistencia Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
| | - Lyda Espitia-Pérez
- Grupo de Investigación Biomédica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
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[Possible oral transmission of Chagas disease among hydrocarbons sector workers in Casanare, Colombia, 2014]. BIOMEDICA 2017; 37:218-232. [PMID: 28527286 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i3.3153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent for Chagas disease, can be transmitted by oral intake of contaminated food or drinks. During epidemiological week 14 of 2014, two cases of acute Chagas disease were notified among hydrocarbons sector workers in Paz de Ariporo, Casanare. OBJECTIVE To characterize the affected population, to establish control and prevention measures and to confirm the outbreak. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an outbreak investigation that included the following components: a) Search for symptomatic people compatible with Chagas disease according to the case definition for their referral to medical services; b) entomological survey (192/197 houses); c) sanitary inspection and microbiological analysis of food samples; and d) study of reservoirs. Data management and analysis were done with Epi-Info 7.1.5 using descriptive statistics. We also calculated intradomicile and peridomicile triatomine infestation indexes. RESULTS We detected 552 exposed people; 40 had the disease (7.2%), of whom seven were women (17,5%) and 33, men (82.5%), i.e., a male-female ratio of 5:1. The mean age was 39.1 ± 10.8 years; the attack rate was 7.2% and lethality, 5% (2/40). Symptoms included fever (100% of cases), headache (80%), myalgia and arthralgia (65%), facial edema (55%), and abdominal pain (37.5%). The mean incubation time was 17 days (range: 3-21). Rhodnius prolixus domiciliary infestation index was 3.3 % and 2.2% in the peridomicile. In the five restaurants inspected sanitary conditions were deficient and food samples were microbiologically non-conforming. We found a dog and two opossums positive for IgG antibodies by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Environmental, sanitary and epidemiological conditions at the place confirmed an outbreak of Chagas diseases related to occupational exposure, possibly by oral transmission, which may be the largest to date in Colombia.
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Luna-Marín KP, Angulo-Silva VM, Hernández-Torres J, Ruiz-García M. Genetic Relationships and Spatial Genetic Structure Among Populations of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Colombia and Venezuela Based on Mitochondrial Cytochrome-b Sequences. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:341-355. [PMID: 27889871 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-016-0470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One hundred twenty Rhodnius prolixus (Stal) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) specimens from 6 Colombian Departments and 1 Venezuelan State had 594-bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene sequenced to improve the understanding of evolutionary processes that shape the main vector of Chagas disease. The levels of genetic diversity for this species were low-medium with reference to other bugs. The genetic heterogeneity among the populations was very limited which means there has been extensive gene flow and/or very recent split processes. The overall sample as well as some individual populations showed evidence of recent population expansions (with the exception of Arauca, which yielded evidence of a bottleneck for a mismatch distribution). This expansion (11,000 or 2000-25,000 year ago depending of two procedures employed) coincides with the ending of the last intense glacial conditions during the Pleistocene and the beginning of the Holocene that had a warmer and wetter climate. Some of our autocorrelation analyses (AIDA and Genetic Landscape Interpolation Analysis) indicated local patches of high genetic similarity but no globally significant spatial structure. We did show an original haplotype distributed throughout the entirety of the geographical area studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Luna-Marín
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Univ Industrial de Santander (UIS), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Lab de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular y Biología Evolutiva, Unidad de Genética, Depto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Cra 7ª No 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - V M Angulo-Silva
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales (CINTROP), Univ Industrial de Santander (UIS), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - J Hernández-Torres
- Lab de Biología Molecular (CINBIN), Escuela de Biología, Univ Industrial de Santander (UIS), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - M Ruiz-García
- Lab de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular y Biología Evolutiva, Unidad de Genética, Depto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Univ Javeriana, Cra 7ª No 43-82, Bogotá, DC, Colombia.
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Jaimes-Dueñez J, Triana-Chávez O, Cantillo-Barraza O, Hernández C, Ramírez JD, Góngora-Orjuela A. Molecular and serological detection of Trypanosoma cruzi in dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) suggests potential transmission risk in areas of recent acute Chagas disease outbreaks in Colombia. Prev Vet Med 2017; 141:1-6. [PMID: 28532988 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a zoonotic infection widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of America, including more than 50% of the Colombian territory. In the last years, an increase of outbreaks of acute Chagas disease has been observed in the east of the country due to environmental changes and mammal movements toward human settlements. Given the importance of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) as reservoir hosts and sentinels of Trypanosoma cruzi infection across different regions of America, in this study we reported a serological and molecular detection of T. cruzi infection in 242 dogs from an endemic area of Meta department (East of Colombia), with recent emergence of acute Chagas disease outbreaks. The distribution of T. cruzi infection in dogs was not homogeneous, ranging from 0-41.4% and 0-5.1% in different sampling sectors, through serological (ELISA/IFAT) and molecular methods (conventional and real time PCR), respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that dog infection was associated with specific sampling sectors. Our results show a moderate seroprevalence of infection and active circulation of T. cruzi in dogs from this zone, which suggest areas with potential risk of infection to human that must be taken into consideration when Chagas disease control programs need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeiczon Jaimes-Dueñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Reproducción y Genética Animal GIRGA, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia; Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas BCEI, Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas BCEI, Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Cantillo-Barraza
- Grupo de Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas BCEI, Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas - UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas - UR (GIMUR), Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Agustín Góngora-Orjuela
- Grupo de Investigación en Reproducción y Genética Animal GIRGA, Programa de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Llanos, Villavicencio, Colombia
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[Risk of transmission of Chagas disease by intrusion of triatomines and wild mammals in Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia]. BIOMEDICA 2017; 37:68-78. [PMID: 28527250 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v37i1.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Notice of triatomines in dwellings of some neighborhoods in Bucaramanga motivated the realization of this study.Objetive: To evaluate the intrusion of triatomines and mammals, as well as some risk factors in urban dwellings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Triatomines were collected in a neighborhood in Bucaramanga, Santander, on a monthly basis during one year with participation of the community. Collection included manual search in lamp posts, use of light traps, animal bait, and chemical attractants in nearby forests. Reservoirs were collected with bait traps. Insects and mammals were identified and examined in order to determine their natural infection. Risk factors in homes were assessed by means of a social-environmental survey. RESULTS Eleven adult specimens of Pastrongylus geniculatus, as well as 63 of Rhodnius pallescens were collected in the forest, recreational peridomiciliary areas, and houses. Even two females and 21 nymphs of R. pallescens were found in bedrooms. Two specimens of Didelphis marsupialis were captured in neighboring forests. Out of the eleven P. geniculatus captured, nine were examined. Of these, five were positive for Trypanosoma cruzi. It was not possible to establish a significant risk factor;however, the dwellings with report of triatomines were located nearer to the adjacent forest. CONCLUSIONS The finding of intrusive triatominae species and mammals with T. cruzi in intradomiciliary and peridomiciliary areas and periurban forests prove the potential risk to acquire infection from these populations that dwell in urban housing adjacent to these ecotopes where the sylvan cycle is kept.
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Parra-Henao G, Angulo VM, Osorio L, Jaramillo-O N. Geographic Distribution and Ecology of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Colombia. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:122-129. [PMID: 26487247 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Triatoma dimidiata Latreille is the second most important vector of Chagas' disease in Colombia and is found in urban and periurban areas. From January 2007 to June 2008, we performed field work in 8 departments, 18 municipalities, and 44 rural villages, covering most of its known distribution and all of its ecological zones in the country. The goal was to determine the geographical distribution, the ecology, and house infestation indices of T. dimidiata over its range and hence the Chagas' disease transmission risk. In Colombia, T. dimidiata occupies a wide variety of ecosystems, from transformed ecosystems in the Andean biome with shrub and xerofitic vegetation to very dense forests in the humid tropical forests in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta. According to genetic and ecological criteria, at least two T. dimidiata forms of this species are present: populations from the northwest of the country (Caribbean plains) are restricted to palm tree habitats, and domestic involvement is limited to sporadic visits because of attraction by light; and populations of the east region (Andean mountains) presenting a complex distributional pattern including sylvatic, peridomestic, and domiciliated ecotopes, and occupying a great variety of life zones. The latter population is of epidemiological importance due to the demonstrated migration and genetical flow of individuals among the different habitats. Control, therefore, must take into account its diversity of habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Parra-Henao
- Red Chagas Colombia, calle 26 No 51-20 zona 6 CAN, Bogotá D.C., Colombia (; ), Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical-Universidad CES, Kra 43 A N° 52 S 99, Sabaneta, Antioquia, Colombia, Grupo de Epidemiología y Bioestadística, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia,
| | - Víctor Manuel Angulo
- Red Chagas Colombia, calle 26 No 51-20 zona 6 CAN, Bogotá D.C., Colombia (; ), CINTROP, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Kra 27 calle 9, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Lisardo Osorio
- Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, calle 67 No. 53 - 108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia , and
| | - Nicolás Jaramillo-O
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, calle 67 No. 53 - 108, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
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Jácome-Pinilla D, Hincapie-Peñaloza E, Ortiz MI, Ramírez JD, Guhl F, Molina J. Risks associated with dispersive nocturnal flights of sylvatic Triatominae to artificial lights in a model house in the northeastern plains of Colombia. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:600. [PMID: 26582012 PMCID: PMC4652337 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Control initiatives and continuous surveillance of vector-borne transmission have proved to be effective measures for diminishing the incidence of Chagas disease in endemic countries. However, the active dispersal of infected sylvatic adult triatomines by flight represents one of the main obstacles to eliminating domestic transmission. Methods In order to determine the risk that active dispersal of sylvatic adult triatomines represents in Colombian northeastern plains, we quantified the distribution and abundance of triatomines in palm trees (primarily Attalea butyracea) using live bait traps. Directional light traps were used to estimate the frequency of sylvatic triatomine dispersal and their possible origin. Finally, the effect of environmental parameters and artificial light sources on the take-off of sylvatic Rhodnius prolixus was evaluated in field experiments. Results R. prolixus was found in 90 % of the palm trees that densely aggregated toward the northern portion of the study area. R. prolixus, and three other sylvatic triatomine species were found to actively disperse and were attracted to the directional light traps (Triatoma maculata, Panstrongylus geniculatus and Psammolestes arthuri). Temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and night luminosity did not affect the active dispersal of the triatomines which is higher the first two hours after sunset. Artificial lights from houses at 60 and 110 m played a key role in the directionality of the R. prolixus take-offs. Trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from R. prolixus, T. maculata and P. geniculatus and was genotyped as T. cruzi I, III and IV. Conclusions Our results highlight the potential risk in Colombian northeastern plains of actively dispersing sylvatic triatomines and their role in the domestic introduction of Discrete Typing Units of T. cruzi associated to sylvatic foci of Chagas disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jácome-Pinilla
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Mario I Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas Universidad del Rosario (GIMUR), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Molina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, A.A. 4976 Carrera 1a # 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia.
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López-Cancino SA, Tun-Ku E, De la Cruz-Felix HK, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, Izeta-Alberdi A, Pech-May A, Mazariegos-Hidalgo CJ, Valdez-Tah A, Ramsey JM. Landscape ecology of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southern Yucatan Peninsula. Acta Trop 2015. [PMID: 26219998 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Landscape interactions of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) with Triatoma dimidiata (Td) depend on the presence and relative abundance of mammal hosts. This study analyzed a landscape adjacent to the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, composed of conserved areas, crop and farming areas, and the human community of Zoh Laguna with reported Chagas disease cases. Sylvatic mammals of the Chiroptera, Rodentia, and Marsupialia orders were captured, and livestock and pets were sampled along with T. dimidiata in all habitats. Infection by T. cruzi was analyzed using mtDNA markers, while lineage and DTU was analyzed using the mini-exon. 303 sylvatic specimens were collected, corresponding to 19 species during the rainy season and 114 specimens of 18 species during dry season. Five bats Artibeus jamaicensis, Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium, Sturnira ludovici, Dermanura phaeotis (Dp) and one rodent Heteromys gaumeri were collected in the three habitats. All but Dp, and including Carollia brevicauda and Myotis keaysi, were infected with predominately TcI in the sylvatic habitat and TcII in the ecotone. Sigmodon hispidus was the rodent with the highest prevalence of infection by T. cruzi I and II in ecotone and domestic habitats. Didelphis viginiana was infected only with TcI in both domestic and sylvatic habitats; the only two genotyped human cases were TcII. Two main clades of T. cruzi, lineages I (DTU Ia) and II (DTU VI), were found to be sympatric (all habitats and seasons) in the Zoh-Laguna landscape, suggesting that no species-specific interactions occur between the parasite and any mammal host, in any habitat. We have also found mixed infections of the two principal T. cruzi clades in individuals across modified habitats, particularly in livestock and pets, and in both haplogroups of T. dimidiata. Results are contradictory to the dilution hypothesis, although we did find that most resilient species had an important role as T. cruzi hosts. Our study detected some complex trends in parasite transmission related to lineage sorting within the matrix. Intriguingly, TcIa is dominant in terrestrial small wildlife in the sylvatic habitat and is the only parasite DTU found in D. virginiana in the domestic habitat, although its frequency remained constant in sylvatic and ecotone vectors. Bats have a key role in TcVI dispersal from the sylvatic habitat, while dogs, sheep, and humans are drivers of TcVI between domestic and ecotone habitats. Overall, our results allow us to conclude that T. cruzi transmission is dependent on host availability within a highly permeable landscape in Zoh Laguna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sury Antonio López-Cancino
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Ezequiel Tun-Ku
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Napoleón Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Merida, Departamento de Ecología Humana, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Amaia Izeta-Alberdi
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Angélica Pech-May
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, CONICET, Jujuy y Neuquén s/n, 3370, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | | | - Alba Valdez-Tah
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departamento de Sociedad y Cultura, Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Janine M Ramsey
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
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Abad-Franch F, Lima MM, Sarquis O, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Sánchez-Martín M, Calzada J, Saldaña A, Monteiro FA, Palomeque FS, Santos WS, Angulo VM, Esteban L, Dias FBS, Diotaiuti L, Bar ME, Gottdenker NL. On palms, bugs, and Chagas disease in the Americas. Acta Trop 2015. [PMID: 26196330 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Palms are ubiquitous across Neotropical landscapes, from pristine forests or savannahs to large cities. Although palms provide useful ecosystem services, they also offer suitable habitat for triatomines and for Trypanosoma cruzi mammalian hosts. Wild triatomines often invade houses by flying from nearby palms, potentially leading to new cases of human Chagas disease. Understanding and predicting triatomine-palm associations and palm infestation probabilities is important for enhancing Chagas disease prevention in areas where palm-associated vectors transmit T. cruzi. We present a comprehensive overview of palm infestation by triatomines in the Americas, combining a thorough reanalysis of our published and unpublished records with an in-depth review of the literature. We use site-occupancy modeling (SOM) to examine infestation in 3590 palms sampled with non-destructive methods, and standard statistics to describe and compare infestation in 2940 palms sampled by felling-and-dissection. Thirty-eight palm species (18 genera) have been reported to be infested by ∼39 triatomine species (10 genera) from the USA to Argentina. Overall infestation varied from 49.1-55.3% (SOM) to 62.6-66.1% (dissection), with important heterogeneities among sub-regions and particularly among palm species. Large palms with complex crowns (e.g., Attalea butyracea, Acrocomia aculeata) and some medium-crowned palms (e.g., Copernicia, Butia) are often infested; in slender, small-crowned palms (e.g., Euterpe) triatomines associate with vertebrate nests. Palm infestation tends to be higher in rural settings, but urban palms can also be infested. Most Rhodnius species are probably true palm specialists, whereas Psammolestes, Eratyrus, Cavernicola, Panstrongylus, Triatoma, Alberprosenia, and some Bolboderini seem to use palms opportunistically. Palms provide extensive habitat for enzootic T. cruzi cycles and a critical link between wild cycles and transmission to humans. Unless effective means to reduce contact between people and palm-living triatomines are devised, palms will contribute to maintaining long-term and widespread, albeit possibly low-intensity, transmission of human Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Abad-Franch
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane - Fiocruz, Rua Teresina 476, Manaus 69057-070, Amazonas, Brazil; Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou - Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marli M Lima
- Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otília Sarquis
- Laboratório de Ecoepidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Médica e Biologia de Vetores, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília 70904-970, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - María Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona - ISGlobal, c/ Rosselló 132, 5° 2ª, 08036 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - José Calzada
- Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Av. Justo Arosemena y Calle 32, Panamá 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Azael Saldaña
- Insituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Av. Justo Arosemena y Calle 32, Panamá 0816-02593, Panama
| | - Fernando A Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Palomeque
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027, USA
| | - Walter S Santos
- Laboratório de Doença de Chagas, Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas - SVS/MS, Rodovia BR 316 km 7 s/n, 67030-000 Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Victor M Angulo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Calle 9 no. 27, Piedecuesta 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Lyda Esteban
- Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales - CINTROP, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Calle 9 no. 27, Piedecuesta 680002, Santander, Colombia
| | - Fernando B S Dias
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou - Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Liléia Diotaiuti
- Laboratório de Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou - Fiocruz, Av. Augusto de Lima 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - María Esther Bar
- Laboratorio de Artrópodos, Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Av. Libertad 5470, CP 3400 Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Nicole L Gottdenker
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Escalante ME, Gomez D, Silvera LA, Sánchez G, Venegas J. Detection of high percentage of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, in wild populations of Colombian Caribbean triatomines. Acta Parasitol 2015. [PMID: 26204001 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In Colombia it is estimated that about 900,000 persons are infected with T. cruzi. There are 25 triatomine species and 5 of them have been reported infected with T. cruzi in the Colombian Caribbean region. In order to obtain more information about the triatomine populations in this region, 89 wild triatomines were collected from four Colombian Departments. The most frequent specie collected was Rhodnius pallescens (65%), followed by Rhodnius prolixus (20%), Panstrongylus geniculatus (10.1%) and Triatoma dimidiata (1%), found in Bolivar, Córdoba, Atlántico/Sucre, and Bolívar Departments, respectively. The majority of triatomines (95.5%) were captured in the arboreal ecotope and 76.4% were found infected with T. cruzi. Interestingly, some of these triatomine species were captured in Departments in which they had not previously been reported and also new finding of triatomine species infected with T. cruzi. These results are relevant, because they can be consequence of a continued geographical expansion of this parasite, not only in the Colombian Caribbean region, but even in all Latin America. The information presented here will contribute in the surveillance and control strategies of the vectors infected with T. cruzi that circulate in four department of Colombian Caribbean region in order to interrupt the transmission to human dwelling.
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Urbano P, Poveda C, Molina J. Effect of the physiognomy of Attalea butyracea (Arecoideae) on population density and age distribution of Rhodnius prolixus (Triatominae). Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:199. [PMID: 25889617 PMCID: PMC4389994 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhodnius prolixus Stål, 1859 is one of the main vectors of Trypanosoma (Schyzotrypanum) cruzi Chagas, 1909. In its natural forest environment, this triatomine is mainly found in palm tree crowns, where it easily establishes and develops dense populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the physiognomy and reproductive status of Attalea butyracea on the population relative density and age structure of R. prolixus and to determine the vector's population stratification according to the vertical and horizontal profile of an A. butyracea forest. METHODS Using live bait traps, 150 individuals of A. butyracea with different physiognomy and 40 individuals with similar physiognomy (crown size, number of leaves, palm tree height, diameter at breast height, reproductive status) were sampled for triatomines in Yopal, Casanare-Colombia. Temperature and relative humidity were measured in the crown of the palm tree. Entomological indices and natural infection rates were also determined. RESULTS The relative population density of R. prolixus on natural A. butyracea groves is associated with the palm's height, number of leaves and crown volume. The young immature stages were present mostly at the crown's base and the advanced immature stages and adults were present mostly at the crown of the palm tree. This distribution correlates with the temperature stability and relative humidity in the base and the fluctuation of both environmental variables in the palm's crown. A higher density of R. prolixus was found as the palm tree height increased and as the distance of the palm with respect to the forest border decreased, especially towards anthropically intervened areas. A density index of 12.6 individuals per palm tree with an infestation index of 88.9% and a colonization index of 98.7% was observed. 85.2% was the infection index with T. cruzi. CONCLUSION The physiognomy of palm trees affects the relative population density and the distribution of developmental stages of R. prolixus. Therefore, they constitute a risk factor for the potential migration of infected insects from wild environments towards residential environments and the subsequent epidemiological risk of transmission of T. cruzi to people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plutarco Urbano
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bloque A, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bloque A, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Molina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bloque A, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Rendón LM, Guhl F, Cordovez JM, Erazo D. New scenarios of Trypanosoma cruzi transmission in the Orinoco region of Colombia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:283-8. [PMID: 25830543 PMCID: PMC4489465 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodnius prolixus, a blood-sucking triatomine with domiciliary anthropophilic habits,
is the main vector of Chagas disease. The current paradigm of Trypanosoma cruzi
transmission in Columbia includes a sylvatic and domiciliary cycle co-existing with
domestic and sylvatic populations of reservoirs. The aim of this study is to evaluate
the population densities and relative abundance of triatomines and mammals that may
be involved in the sylvatic cycle of Chagas disease to clarify the epidemiological
scenario in an endemic area in the province of Casanare. Insect vectors on Attalea
butyracea palms were captured using both manual searches and bait traps. The capture
of mammals was performed using Sherman and Tomahawk traps. We report an infestation
index of 88.5% in 148 palms and an index of T. cruzi natural infection of 60.2% in
269 dissected insects and 11.9% in 160 captured mammals. High population densities of
triatomines were observed in the sylvatic environment and there was a high relative
abundance of reservoirs in the area, suggesting a stable enzootic cycle. We found no
evidence of insect domiciliation. Taken together, these observations suggest that
eco-epidemiological factors shape the transmission dynamics of T. cruzi, creating
diverse scenarios of disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina María Rendón
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Manuel Cordovez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Erazo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Peña-García VH, Gómez-Palacio AM, Triana-Chávez O, Mejía-Jaramillo AM. Eco-epidemiology of Chagas disease in an endemic area of Colombia: risk factor estimation, Trypanosoma cruzi characterization and identification of blood-meal sources in bugs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:1116-24. [PMID: 25331808 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) is a mountainous area in Colombia that is highly endemic to Chagas disease. We explored some eco-epidemiological attributes involved in the Chagas disease transmission scenario in three Indigenous communities. An epidemiological survey was done, where parasite infection in reservoirs and insects, Trypanosoma cruzi genotyping, identification of blood-meal sources in intradomiciliary insects using the high-resolution melting technique, and some risk factors were evaluated. The results suggest that several dwelling conditions such as thatched palm roofs and mud walls carried the highest risk of finding intradomiciliary Rhodnius prolixus, which 56.41% were infected with T. cruzi and fed with human blood. Moreover, T. cruzi Ia was the most frequent haplotype found in insects. These results indicate the existence of a domestic T. cruzi transmission cycle that does not overlap with the sylvatic cycle, and highlight the need for efficient entomological control focused to this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor H Peña-García
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrés M Gómez-Palacio
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana M Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas - BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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Attalea butyracea próximas a las viviendas como posible fuente de infestación domiciliaria por Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) en los Llanos Orientales de Colombia. BIOMEDICA 2012. [DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v32i2.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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