1
|
Chen H, Wang J, Wang X, Peng C, Chang X, Chen Z, Yang B, Wang X, Qiu J, Guo L, Lu Y. Identification of Key Genes Controlling Sugar and Organic Acid Accumulation in Wampee Fruit ( Clausena lansium) via Genome Assembly and Genome-wide Association Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39356738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Wampee (Clausena lansium) is an economically significant subtropical fruit tree widely cultivated in Southern China. To provide high-quality genomic resources for C. lansium, we report a chromosome-level genome sequence for the "JinFeng" cultivar. The 297.1 Mb C. lansium genome contained nine chromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 29.2 Mb and encoded 23,468 protein-coding genes. Selective sweep analysis between sweet and sour C. lansium varieties and genome-wide association analysis identified 14 candidate genes putatively involved in sugar and acid accumulation. ClERF061, encoding an ethylene response factor, and ClSWEET7, encoding a Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEET) family protein, were proposed as key regulators of the sweet and sour tastes of the wampee fruit. ClERF061 and ClSWEET7 overexpression in tomatoes increased the total sugar and acid content in fruits. ClSWEET7 promoter activation by ClERF061 was confirmed via Nicotiana benthamiana transient expression. Our study provides valuable genomic resources for C. lansium genetics and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiong Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Jishui Qiu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Li Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Molecular Crop Design and Breeding, Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang, Weifang, Shandong 261325, China
| | - Yusheng Lu
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Science and Technology Research on Fruit Trees, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi M, Savoi S, Sarah G, Soriano A, Weber A, Torregrosa L, Romieu C. Vitis rotundifolia Genes Introgressed with RUN1 and RPV1: Poor Recombination and Impact on V. vinifera Berry Transcriptome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2095. [PMID: 39124212 PMCID: PMC11314213 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to several Vitis vinifera backcrosses with an initial V. vinifera L. × V. rotundifolia (previously Muscadinia rotundifolia) interspecific cross, the MrRUN1/MrRPV1 locus (resistance to downy and powdery mildews) was introgressed in genotypes phenotypically close to V. vinifera varieties. To check the consequences of introgressing parts of the V. rotundifolia genome on gene expression during fruit development, we conducted a comparative RNA-seq study on single berries from different V. vinifera cultivars and V. vinifera × V. rotundifolia hybrids, including 'G5' and two derivative microvine lines, 'MV102' (resistant) and 'MV32' (susceptible) segregating for the MrRUN1/RPV1 locus. RNA-Seq profiles were analyzed on a comprehensive set of single berries from the end of the herbaceous plateau to the ripe stage. Pair-end reads were aligned both on V. vinifera PN40024.V4 reference genome, V. rotundifolia cv 'Trayshed' and cv 'Carlos', and to the few resistance genes from the original V. rotundifolia cv '52' parent available at NCBI. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) led to classifying the differentially expressed genes into 15 modules either preferentially correlated with resistance or berry phenology and composition. Resistance positively correlated transcripts predominantly mapped on the 4-5 Mb distal region of V. rotundifolia chromosome 12 beginning with the MrRUN1/MrRPV1 locus, while the negatively correlated ones mapped on the orthologous V. vinifera region, showing this large extremity of LG12 remained recalcitrant to internal recombination during the successive backcrosses. Some constitutively expressed V. rotundifolia genes were also observed at lower densities outside this region. Genes overexpressed in developing berries from resistant accessions, either introgressed from V. rotundifolia or triggered by these in the vinifera genome, spanned various functional groups, encompassing calcium signal transduction, hormone signaling, transcription factors, plant-pathogen-associated interactions, disease resistance proteins, ROS and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This transcriptomic insight provides a foundation for understanding the disease resistance inherent in these hybrid cultivars and suggests a constitutive expression of NIR NBS LRR triggering calcium signaling. Moreover, these results illustrate the magnitude of transcriptomic changes caused by the introgressed V. rotundifolia background in backcrossed hybrids, on a large number of functions largely exceeding the ones constitutively expressed in single resistant gene transformants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Shi
- UMR AGAP Institute, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institute Agro, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Stefania Savoi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy;
| | - Gautier Sarah
- UMR AGAP Institute, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institute Agro, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
- UMT Geno-Vigne, IFV-INRAE-Institute Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France;
| | - Alexandre Soriano
- UMR AGAP Institute, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institute Agro, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Audrey Weber
- UMR AGAP Institute, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institute Agro, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Laurent Torregrosa
- UMT Geno-Vigne, IFV-INRAE-Institute Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France;
- LEPSE, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institute Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Romieu
- UMR AGAP Institute, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institute Agro, 34090 Montpellier, France; (M.S.); (G.S.); (A.S.); (A.W.)
- UMT Geno-Vigne, IFV-INRAE-Institute Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shoukat A, Saqib ZA, Akhtar J, Aslam Z, Pitann B, Hossain MS, Mühling KH. Zinc and Silicon Nano-Fertilizers Influence Ionomic and Metabolite Profiles in Maize to Overcome Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1224. [PMID: 38732438 PMCID: PMC11085825 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Salinity stress is a major factor affecting the nutritional and metabolic profiles of crops, thus hindering optimal yield and productivity. Recent advances in nanotechnology propose an avenue for the use of nano-fertilizers as a potential solution for better nutrient management and stress mitigation. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of conventional and nano-fertilizers (nano-Zn/nano-Si) on maize and subcellular level changes in its ionomic and metabolic profiles under salt stress conditions. Zinc and silicon were applied both in conventional and nano-fertilizer-using farms under stress (100 mM NaCl) and normal conditions. Different ions, sugars, and organic acids (OAs) were determined using ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The results revealed significant improvements in different ions, sugars, OAs, and other metabolic profiles of maize. Nanoparticles boosted sugar metabolism, as evidenced by increased glucose, fructose, and sucrose concentrations, and improved nutrient uptake, indicated by higher nitrate, sulfate, and phosphate levels. Particularly, nano-fertilizers effectively limited Na accumulation under saline conditions and enhanced maize's salt stress tolerance. Furthermore, nano-treatments optimized the potassium-to-sodium ratio, a critical factor in maintaining ionic homeostasis under stress conditions. With the growing threat of salinity stress on global food security, these findings highlight the urgent need for further development and implementation of effective solutions like the application of nano-fertilizers in mitigating the negative impact of salinity on plant growth and productivity. However, this controlled environment limits the direct applicability to field conditions and needs future research, particularly long-term field trials, to confirm such results of nano-fertilizers against salinity stress and their economic viability towards sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shoukat
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.S.); (J.A.)
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (B.P.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Zulfiqar Ahmad Saqib
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.S.); (J.A.)
| | - Javaid Akhtar
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.S.); (J.A.)
| | - Zubair Aslam
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Britta Pitann
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (B.P.); (M.S.H.)
| | - Md. Sazzad Hossain
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (B.P.); (M.S.H.)
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Karl Hermann Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (B.P.); (M.S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lan G, Ma W, Nai G, Liang G, Lu S, Ma Z, Mao J, Chen B. Grape SnRK2.7 Positively Regulates Drought Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4473. [PMID: 38674058 PMCID: PMC11049990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we obtained and cloned VvSnRK2.7 by screening transcriptomic data to investigate the function of the grape sucrose non-fermenting kinase 2 (SnRK2) gene under stress conditions. A yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay was used to further screen for interaction proteins of VvSnRK2.7. Ultimately, VvSnRK2.7 was heterologously expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the relative conductivity, MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and sugar content of the transgenic plants were determined under drought treatment. In addition, the expression levels of VvSnRK2.7 in Arabidopsis were analyzed. The results showed that the VvSnRK2.7-EGFP fusion protein was mainly located in the cell membrane and nucleus of tobacco leaves. In addition, the VvSnRK2.7 protein had an interactive relationship with the VvbZIP protein during the Y2H assay. The expression levels of VvSnRK2.7 and the antioxidant enzyme activities and sugar contents of the transgenic lines were higher than those of the wild type under drought treatment. Moreover, the relative conductivity and MDA content were lower than those of the wild type. The results indicate that VvSnRK2.7 may activate the enzyme activity of the antioxidant enzyme system, maintain normal cellular physiological metabolism, stabilize the berry sugar metabolism pathway under drought stress, and promote sugar accumulation to improve plant resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Baihong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu C, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Sun H. Colonization of root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica improves drought tolerance of Pinus taeda seedlings by regulating metabolome and proteome. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1294833. [PMID: 38559354 PMCID: PMC10978793 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1294833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinus taeda is an important forest tree species for plantations because of its rapid growth and high yield of oleoresins. Although P. taeda plantations distribute in warm and wet southern China, drought, sometime serious and long time, often occurs in the region. To explore drought tolerance of P. taeda and usage of beneficial microorganisms, P. taeda seedlings were planted in pots and were inoculated with root endophytic fungus Serendipita indica and finally were treated with drought stress for 53 d. Metabolome and proteome of their needles were analyzed. The results showed that S. indica inoculation of P. taeda seedlings under drought stress caused great changes in levels of some metabolites in their needles, especially some flavonoids and organic acids. Among them, the levels of eriocitrin, trans-aconitic acid, vitamin C, uric acid, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, vitamin A, stachydrine, coumalic acid, itaconic acid, calceolarioside B, 2-oxoglutaric acid, and citric acid were upregulated more than three times in inoculated seedlings under drought stress, compared to those of non-inoculated seedlings under drought stress. KEGG analysis showed that some pathways were enriched in inoculated seedlings under drought stress, such as flavonoid biosynthesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism. Proteome analysis revealed some specific differential proteins. Two proteins, namely, H9X056 and H9VDW5, only appeared in the needles of inoculated seedlings under drought stress. The protein H9VNE7 was upregulated more than 11.0 times as that of non-inoculated seedlings under drought stress. In addition, S. indica inoculation increased enrichment of water deficient-inducible proteins (such as LP3-1, LP3-2, LP3-3, and dehydrins) and those involved in ribosomal structures (such as A0A385JF23). Meanwhile, under drought stress, the inoculation caused great changes in biosynthesis and metabolism pathways, mainly including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism. In addition, there were positive relationships between accumulation of some metabolites and enrichment of proteins in P. taeda under drought stress. Altogether, our results showed great changes in metabolome and proteome in inoculated seedlings under drought stress and provided a guideline to further study functions of metabolites and proteins, especially those related to drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao N, Ma H, Wang W, Sun Z, Li P, Xia T. Overexpression of ZmSUS1 increased drought resistance of maize (Zea mays L.) by regulating sucrose metabolism and soluble sugar content. PLANTA 2024; 259:43. [PMID: 38277077 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04336-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION ZmSUS1 improved drought tolerance of maize by regulating sucrose metabolism and increasing soluble sugar content, and endowing transgenic maize with higher relative water content and photosynthesis levels. Sucrose synthase (SUS), a key enzyme of sugar metabolism, plays an important role in the regulation of carbon partitioning in plant, and affects important agronomic traits and abiotic responses to adversity. However, the function of ZmSUS1 in plant drought tolerance is still unknown. In this study, the expression patterns of ZmSUS1 in different tissues and under drought stress were analyzed in maize (Zea mays L.). It was found that ZmSUS1 was highly expressed during kernel development but also in leaves and roots of maize, and ZmSUS1 was induced by drought stress. Homozygous transgenic maize lines overexpressing ZmSUS1 increased the content and activity of SUS under drought stress and exhibited higher relative water content, proline and abscisic acid content in leaves. Specifically, the net photosynthetic rate and the soluble sugar contents including sucrose, glucose, fructose and SUS decomposition products including UDP-glucose (UDP-G) and ADP-glucose (ADP-G) in transgenic plants were significantly improved after drought stress. RNA-seq analysis showed that overexpressing of ZmSUS1 mainly affected the expression level of carbon metabolism-related genes. Especially the expression level of sucrose metabolism-related genes including sucrose phosphatase gene (SPP), sucrose phosphate synthase gene (SPS) and invertase gene (INV) were significantly up-regulated in transgenic maize. Overall, these results suggested that ZmSUS1 improved drought tolerance by regulating sucrose metabolism and increasing the soluble sugar content, and endowing transgenic maize with higher relative water content and photosynthesis levels, which can serve as a new gene candidate for cultivating drought-resistant maize varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Haizhen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Wanxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Zengkun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China.
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Coyago-Cruz E, Guachamin A, Villacís M, Rivera J, Neto M, Méndez G, Heredia-Moya J, Vera E. Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in 51 Minor Tropical Fruits of Ecuador. Foods 2023; 12:4439. [PMID: 38137243 PMCID: PMC10742603 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Less common tropical fruits have been the subject of little research, leaving a vast field to be explored. In this context, a comprehensive study was carried out on the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of 51 non-traditional fruits consumed in Ecuador. Vitamin C, organic acids, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds were evaluated using microextraction and rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) techniques, while antioxidant activity was measured using microplate readings. The results showed high levels of vitamin C (768.2 mg/100 g DW) in Dovyalis hebecarpa, total organic acids (37.2 g/100 g DW) in Passiflora tripartita, carotenoids (487.0 mg/100 g DW) in Momordica charantia, phenolic compounds (535.4 mg/g DW) in Nephelium lappaceum, Pourouma cecropiifolia (161.4 µmol TE/g DW) and Morus alba (80.5 µmol AAE/g DW) in antioxidant activity. Effective extraction of carotenoids was also observed using a mixture of methanol: acetone: dichloromethane (1:1:2) with an extraction time of 2 min, while an 80% solution of 0.1% acidified methanol with hydrochloric acid with an extraction time of 3 min was highly effective for phenolics in fruit. These results provide a valuable basis for optimising future extraction processes of bioactive compounds from non-traditional fruits, with significant implications for their potential use in various nutritional and pharmaceutical contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Aida Guachamin
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Michael Villacís
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Jason Rivera
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - María Neto
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Vera
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao L, Yan S, Wang Y, Xu G, Zhao D. Evaluation of the Effect of Preharvest Melatonin Spraying on Fruit Quality of 'Yuluxiang' Pear Based on Principal Component Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:3507. [PMID: 37761217 PMCID: PMC10529223 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT), an indoleamine compound, has a pleiotropic effect on plant growth and development and can regulate the quality of tree fruit. Systematic research on the effect of preharvest MT spraying on pear fruit quality and technical solutions for MT application to regulate pear fruit quality are still lacking. Thus, here we aimed to evaluate the effects of different spraying times, concentrations, and exogenous MT application times on 'Yuluxiang' pear fruit quality. Our results showed that the single fruit weight and vertical and horizontal diameters of pear fruit sprayed with MT twice at 30 and 90 d after full bloom were the largest, and the red and green values of the treatment were the highest. MT-treated pears had higher contents of total soluble solids, soluble sugar, sucrose, sorbitol, fructose, and glucose and lower contents of titratable acid, malic acid, and citric acid. Moreover, exogenous MT treatment increased the pear peel strength. Based on the principal component analysis of 10 fruit quality indices, the suitable periods for MT spraying on 'Yuluxiang' pears were 30 and 90 d after full bloom, the suitable concentration was 100 μmol/L, and the suitable number of times was two. This study provides a theoretical reference for optimizing MT application and improving pear fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Deying Zhao
- Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, China; (L.Z.); (S.Y.); (Y.W.); (G.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Coyago-Cruz E, Guachamin A, Méndez G, Moya M, Martínez A, Viera W, Heredia-Moya J, Beltrán E, Vera E, Villacís M. Functional and Antioxidant Evaluation of Two Ecotypes of Control and Grafted Tree Tomato ( Solanum betaceum) at Different Altitudes. Foods 2023; 12:3494. [PMID: 37761202 PMCID: PMC10530088 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is susceptible to nematode attack; for this reason, grafting is used as an alternative to reduce this impact. In this study, the bioactive compounds of the fruit (shell, pulp, and seed jelly) of two tree tomato ecotypes ('giant orange' and 'giant purple') were evaluated in both control and grafted plants grown at different altitudes (2010-2250, 2260-2500, 2510-2750 and 2760-3000 masl). Commercial quality, vitamin C, organic acids, phenolics, carotenoids and antioxidant activity were determined by microextraction and quantified by liquid chromatography (RRLC) or spectrophotometry (microplate reader). The results showed high concentrations of vitamin C, organic acids and antioxidant activity in the seed jelly, organic acids in the pulp and phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and antioxidant activity in the shell. The main phenolics were ferulic acid, caffeic acid and luteolin, while the main carotenoids were lutein, B-cryptoxanthin and B-carotene. Multivariate analysis showed that tree tomato quality was mainly influenced by altitude and fruit part and that grafting positively affected soluble solids for both ecotypes and all altitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Coyago-Cruz
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Aida Guachamin
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Gabriela Méndez
- Carrera de Ingeniería en Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Sede Quito, Campus El Girón, Av. 12 de Octubre N2422 y Wilson, Quito 170143, Ecuador (G.M.)
| | - Melany Moya
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Carrera de Obstetricia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Iquique, Luis Sodiro N14-121, Quito 170146, Ecuador;
| | - Aníbal Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Programa de Fruticultura, Av. Interoceánica Km15 y Eloy Alfaro, Quito 170518, Ecuador; (A.M.); (W.V.)
| | - William Viera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP), Programa de Fruticultura, Av. Interoceánica Km15 y Eloy Alfaro, Quito 170518, Ecuador; (A.M.); (W.V.)
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador;
| | - Elena Beltrán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería e Industrias, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Vera
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador; (E.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Michael Villacís
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Av. 12 de octubre N2422 y Veintimilla, Quito 170524, Ecuador; (E.V.); (M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|