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Wang C, Yang X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Tao J, Jiang X, Wu C. Temporal trends in mortality of tuberculosis attributable to high fasting plasma glucose in China from 1990 to 2019: a joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1225931. [PMID: 37575123 PMCID: PMC10413982 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) has been identified as the important risk factor contributing to the increased burden of diseases. But there remains a lack of research on tuberculosis (TB) mortality specifically attributable to HFPG. Thus, this study aims to explore the long-term trends in HFPG-related TB mortality in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data on HFPG-related TB mortality were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. Analyzing the data using joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort methods adjusting for age, period, and cohort allowed us to assess the trends in TB mortality due to HFPG. Results The age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of TB attributable to HFPG exhibited a downward trend in China from 1990 to 2019, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of -7.0 (95% CI, -7.5 to -6.6). Similar trends were found for male (AAPC of -6.5 [95% CI, -7.0 to -6.0]) and female (AAPC of -8.2 [95% CI, -8.5 to -7.9]), respectively. Local drifts curve with a U-shaped pattern reflected the AAPC of TB mortality due to HFPG across age groups. The greatest decline was observed in the age group of 60-64 years. The mortality rates related to HFPG first increased and then decreased with increasing age, peaking in the 55-59 age group. Our analysis of the period and cohort effects found that the rate ratios of TB mortality due to HFPG have decreased over the past three decades, more prominently in women. It is noteworthy that while both genders have seen a decline in HFPG-attributable TB mortality and risk, men have a higher risk and slightly less significant decline than women. Conclusion The present study shows that HFPG-related ASMRs and risk of TB in China decreased over the last 30 years, with similar trends observed in both men and women. In order to attain the recommended level set by the WHO, the effective strategies for glycemic control and management still needed to be implemented strictly to further decrease the burden of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Honglu Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanzhuo Zhang
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Tao
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengai Wu
- National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Prognostic factors and population-based analysis of melanoma with sentinel lymph node biopsy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20524. [PMID: 34654890 PMCID: PMC8521595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a rare but fatal disease in East Asia. Despite its increasing incidence, a general lack of awareness about the disease was noted. This study aims to provide population-based prognostic analysis of melanoma with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in Taiwan. We conducted this retrospective cohort study using the data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database during 1997–2013. The study cohort contains 3284 patients. The 5-year survival rates of patients undergoing SLNB and not undergoing SLNB were 45.5% and 33.6%. In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 80 years [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 2.15] and male (aHR = 1.19) were associated with a poorer prognosis, while high social economic status (SES) (aHR = 0.69) and undergoing SLNB (aHR = 0.84) were good prognostic factors. Old age and low SES were associated with lower percentages of patients undergoing SLNB (P < 0.001). E-value analysis suggested robustness to unmeasured confounding. In conclusion, undergoing SLNB was associated with a better prognosis. The poor prognosis of old age and low SES may be due to decreased percentages of patients undergoing SLNB. Therefore, we recommend that SLNB should be performed on patients, especially in old age or low SES, who are candidates for SLNB according to current guidelines to achieve maximal survival.
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Oba J, Woodman SE. The genetic and epigenetic basis of distinct melanoma types. J Dermatol 2021; 48:925-939. [PMID: 34008215 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma represents the deadliest skin cancer. Recent therapeutic developments, including targeted and immune therapies have revolutionized clinical management and improved patient outcome. This progress was achieved by rigorous molecular and functional studies followed by robust clinical trials. The identification of key genomic alterations and gene expression profiles have propelled the understanding of distinct characteristics within melanoma subtypes. The aim of this review is to summarize and highlight the main genetic and epigenetic findings of melanomas and highlight their pathological and therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Oba
- Genomics Unit, Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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4
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Wang H, Hu X, Li M, Pan Z, Li D, Zheng Q. Daphnoretin induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:453. [PMID: 33907563 PMCID: PMC8063224 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that daphnoretin exhibits a diverse array of antitumor mechanisms and pharmacological activities. However, there is no definitive explanation for the antitumor mechanisms of daphnoretin in malignant melanoma. In the present study, MTT and colony formation assays demonstrated that daphnoretin significantly inhibited the proliferation of melanoma A375 and B16 cells. Following treatment with daphnoretin, apoptotic bodies were observed in A375 and B16 cells via Hoechst 33258 staining. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that the apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, Bax, cytochrome c and apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 were significantly upregulated, while the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bcl-2 were downregulated in A375 and B16 cells. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy revealed that daphnoretin induced higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that daphnoretin induced ROS-mediated mitochondria apoptosis in human (A375) and murine (B16) malignant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P.R. China
| | - Xue Hu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Minjing Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zhaohai Pan
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Defang Li
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, P.R. China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Tumor Metabolism, School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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5
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Davis DS, Robinson C, Callender VD. Skin cancer in women of color: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Int J Womens Dermatol 2021; 7:127-134. [PMID: 33937476 PMCID: PMC8072498 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC), which include basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, account for 40% of all neoplasms in white patients, making these cancers the most common malignancy in the United States. Given the large number of NMSC cases in white patients, there is a correspondingly large body of literature addressing various aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. The incidence of both malignant melanoma and NMSC is well established and remains significantly lower in patients with skin of color (SoC) when compared with white patients. Although there is a lower incidence of skin cancer in SoC, there is often a poorer prognosis among this group. There is even more limited data focusing on women of color, making an accurate determination of incidence and mortality difficult. This gender disparity causes decreased skin cancer awareness and index of suspicion among patients and providers, hindering appropriate evaluation and care. Therefore, there is a need for an increased understanding of skin cancer in women of color. In the traditional sense, SoC refers to people of African, Asian, Native American, Middle Eastern, and Hispanic backgrounds. Patients in these ethnic groups have richly pigmented skin that is usually categorized as Fitzpatrick types III through VI and thus have notable differences in skin disease and presentation compared with fair-skinned individuals. We present this review of skin cancer in women of color to give a reasonably comprehensive representation of the literature to advance our understanding and knowledge in this unique population.
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Affiliation(s)
- DiAnne S. Davis
- North Dallas Dermatology Associates, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Camille Robinson
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Corresponding author.
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Lee A, Kim HJ, Kim E, Lee JY, Lee J, Lee JG, Lee CK, Shin SJ, Chung KY, Kim MS. Complications and outcomes following inguinal lymphadenectomy for malignant melanoma in an Asian population. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2020; 16:71-78. [PMID: 36945711 PMCID: PMC9942730 DOI: 10.14216/kjco.20012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Melanoma is a potentially fatal cutaneous malignancy and regional lymph node (LN) metastases are the most important predictors of mortality. This study aimed to analyze clinical features and risk factors of complications associated with inguinal LN dissection (LND) to establish treatment protocols. Methods This single-center retrospective study (2000 to 2018) consisted of patients who underwent inguinal area sentinel LN biopsy (SLNB) or LND due to malignant melanoma. Risk factors and outcomes were analyzed. Results One hundred patients underwent SLNB alone (n=67; patients with negative SLNB), complete LND (CLND) after positive SLNB (n=19), or radical LND without SLNB (n=14). Five-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates among these groups were 87.3%, 57.4%, and 61.9%, and 59.0%, 22.7%, and 28.1%, respectively. The complication rate in the SLNB alone group was lower than the other groups (22.4% vs. 47.4% and 35.7%, respectively; P=0.048). Seroma was the most common complication in the SLNB alone group (15.0%); lymphedema was most common in the CLND after SLNB group (21.1%). Multivariate analysis of risk factors for postoperative complications found the hazard ratio for body mass index >28 kg/m2 was 4.376 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.243-15.401; P=0.022). The hazard ratio for LND (including CLND after SLNB and radical LND without SLNB) was 3.263 (95% CI, 1.248-8.529; P=0.016). Conclusion Inguinal LND is a higher risk procedure compared to SLNB and other sites for postoperative complications, irrespective of meticulous surgical techniques. More studies are needed to establish treatment protocols (e.g., observation vs. CLND after a positive SLNB result) and the risks and benefits in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eunjin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Youn Lee
- Department of Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juhan Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong-kun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Shin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Yang Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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7
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Epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma and melanoma in situ: a 10-year nationwide retrospective cohort study in South Korea. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:297-302. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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8
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Yang DD, Salciccioli JD, Marshall DC, Sheri A, Shalhoub J. Trends in malignant melanoma mortality in 31 countries from 1985 to 2015. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:1056-1064. [PMID: 32133614 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma (MM) causes the highest absolute number of deaths among skin cancers. An up-to-date analysis of international MM mortality trends is required for assessing the burden of disease, and may support the assessment of the effectiveness of new diagnostic, therapeutic and preventative strategies. OBJECTIVES To report MM mortality trends between 1985 and 2015 using the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used country-level MM mortality data from the WHO Mortality Database for all countries with high usability death registration data. Mortality trends were described using Joinpoint regression modelling. RESULTS Thirty-one countries met the inclusion criteria. All countries, except the Czech Republic, demonstrated increased age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) in males over the observation period. More countries exhibited decreased or stable MM mortality in females. The median mortality rate for 2013-2015 was 2·57 deaths per 100 000 for males and 1·55 per 100 000 for females. Australia and Norway had the highest ASDRs for males (5·72 per 100 000 and 4·55 per 100 000, respectively). Norway and Slovenia had the highest ASDRs for females (3·02 per 100 000 and 2·58 per 100 000, respectively). MM mortality was greater for males than females in all countries, with sex disparity increasing across the period. Disparity in mortality between older and younger cohorts in several countries was also found. CONCLUSIONS An overall increase in MM mortality over the past 30 years was observed. However, there was notable variation in mortality trends between countries, as well as between males and females, and between different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Yang
- North Central and East London Foundation School, London, UK
| | - J D Salciccioli
- Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D C Marshall
- Critical Care Research Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Sheri
- Department of Oncology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Shalhoub
- Academic Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Zhang Z, Imani S, Shasaltaneh MD, Hosseinifard H, Zou L, Fan Y, Wen Q. The role of vascular mimicry as a biomarker in malignant melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1134. [PMID: 31752759 PMCID: PMC6873453 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) a microvascular system consisting of non-endothelial cells that is newly formed by aggressive tumors, has been proposed as an important therapeutic target in malignant melanoma (MM). We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of VM status for overall survival of MM patients. METHODS The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. Diagnostic capacity of VM variables, including sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC), were pooled using Meta-DiSc software. RESULTS A retrospective observational study was conducted based on twelve clinical studies including 978 clinically confirmed melanoma patients with proportion (P). VM+ melanoma cells were associated with poor prognosis in 38% of MM group (P = 0.35, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.27-0.42, p < 0.001). The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.79-0.84) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66-0.71), respectively. Furthermore, the pooled PLR, NLR, and DOR were 2.56 (95% CI: 1.94-3.93), 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07-0.42), and 17.75 (95% CI: 5.30-59.44), respectively. Furthermore, the AUC of SROC was 0.63, indicating high reliability of VM status as a biomarker. Importantly, subgroup results suggested that VM+ status is a significantly accurate prognostic biomarker when diagnosed by the CD31-/PAS+ staining methods in Asian MM samples (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the potential of VM status of tumors as a promising prognostic biomarker and emphasize an effective adjuvant therapeutic strategy in the prognosis of Asian MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Saber Imani
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinifard
- Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine (RCEBM), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Linglin Zou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province 646000 People’s Republic of China
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Lu T, Chen S, Qu L, Wang Y, Chen HD, He C. Identification of a five-miRNA signature predicting survival in cutaneous melanoma cancer patients. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7831. [PMID: 31660262 PMCID: PMC6814066 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Numerous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed abnormally in melanoma tissues. Our work aimed to assess multiple miRNAs using bioinformatic analysis in order to predict the prognoses of cutaneous melanoma patients. Methods The microarray dataset GSE35579 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to detect the differential expression of miRNAs (DEMs), including 41 melanoma (primary and metastatic) tissues and 11 benign nevi. Clinical information and miRNA sequencing data of cutaneous melanoma tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) to assess the prognostic values of DEMs. Additionally, the target genes of DEMs were anticipated using miRanda, miRmap, TargetScan, and PicTar. Finally, functional analysis was performed using selected target genes on the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) website. Results After performing bioinformatic analysis, a total of 185 DEMs were identified: 80 upregulated miRNAs and 105 downregulated miRNAs. A five-miRNA (miR-25, miR-204, miR-211, miR-510, miR-513c) signature was discovered to be a potential significant prognostic biomarker of cutaneous melanoma when using the Kaplan–Meier survival method (P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that the five-miRNA signature could be an independent prognostic marker (HR = 0.605, P = 0.006) in cutaneous melanoma patients. Biological pathway analysis indicated that the target genes may be involved in PI3K-Akt pathways, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, and focal adhesion. Conclusion The identified five-miRNA signature may serve as a prognostic biomarker, or as a potential therapeutic target, in cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China.,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China.,Graduate school, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Le Qu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Yunlin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Hong-Duo Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
| | - Chundi He
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China.,Graduate school, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liao Ning, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer has traditionally been studied in Caucasian skin. Although it does occur with increased relative frequency in Caucasians, patients with skin of color suffer from elevated morbidity and mortality when diagnosed with skin cancer. OBJECTIVE To detail the unique demographic, clinical, and genetic features of melanoma in patients with skin of color, including Hispanic, African American, and Asian patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A PubMed search was conducted spanning dates 1947 to June 2017. A total of 246 articles were screened, from which 69 were included in this review. RESULTS Relative to Caucasians, melanoma has unique demographic, clinical, and genetic features in African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians that include gender and subtype predominance. CONCLUSION Familiarization with these unique presentations of skin cancer in skin of color is imperative to accurate identification and treatment of cutaneous malignancies in these populations and ultimately to improved disease-related outcomes.
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Bich Loan NT, Trung NN, Le Na NT, Thang ND. Anticancer Activities of Ricin-Liposome Complexes on SKMEL-28 Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2117-2123. [PMID: 31350974 PMCID: PMC6745201 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.7.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ricin has been reported as a potential chemical for cancer treatment. However, so far, the application
of ricin in cancer treatment is very limited because of its non-specificity. Methods: In this study, ricin were conjugated/
encapsulated with DOTAP/DOPE liposome to form ricin-liposome complexes (ricin-lipososme1, ricin-liposome2,
ricin-liposome3 and ricin-liposome4). Characteristics of ricin-liposome complexes were analyzed and their effects on
survival, apoptosis, migration, invasion and tumor formation of SKMEL-28 melanoma cells were examined by carrying
out the MTT assay, apoptosis assay, scratch wound healing assay, invasion assay and soft-agar colony formation assay,
respectively. Results: Ricin-liposome complexes had even size-distribution with average size of around 340 nm. These
ricin-liposome complexes were able to penetrate into the cells via endocytosis with the highest ability of the ricinliposome3.
It also showed that ricin-liposome3 expressed very high toxicity with the IC50 of 62.4 ng/mL and followed
by ricin-liposome4 (286.4 mg/mL), ricin-liposome2 (417.5 ng/mL), and ricin-liposome1 (604.3 ng/mL) to SKMEL-28
cells at 36 hours post treatment. At the concentrations of IC10 (10.1 ng/mL), ricin-liposome3 strongly induced necrosis
and apoptosis of SKMEL-28 cells up to 25.6% and 11.4%, respectively. Moreover, ricin-liposome3 expressed great
anticancer properties by decreasing the migration, invasion and tumor formation abilities of SKMEL-28 cells of 7.5
folds, 4.3 folds and 5.9 folds, respectively, compared with those of control SKMEL-28 cells. Conclusion: The obtained
results from our study suggest that although ricin is listed as one of the most poisonous substances in nature, it can be
used in the complex forms with liposome to increase its specificity to apply in treatment of melanoma and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Bich Loan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Vietnam. ,Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons (UMONS), Belgium
| | - Ngo Ngoc Trung
- Institute of Chemistry and Environment, High Command of Chemistry, Ministry of National Defense, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Le Na
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Vietnam.
| | - Nguyen Dinh Thang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Vietnam. ,The Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Vietnam
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13
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Jang BS, Eom KY, Cho HS, Song C, Kim IA, Kim JS. Observational approach on regional lymph node in cutaneous melanomas of extremities. Radiat Oncol J 2019; 37:51-59. [PMID: 30947481 PMCID: PMC6453812 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2018.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated failure pattern and treatment outcomes of observational approach on regional lymph node (LN) in cutaneous melanoma of extremities and sought to find clinico-pathologic factors related to LN metastases. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed 73 patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities between 2005 and 2016. If preoperative 18-F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings were non-specific for regional LNs, surgical resection of primary tumors with adequate margins was performed without sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and/or complete lymph node dissection (CLND), irrespective of tumor thickness or size. In patients with suspicious or positive findings on PET/CT or CT, SLNB followed by CLND or CLND was performed at the discretion of the surgeon. We defined LN dissection (LND) as SLNB and/or CLND. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 6 to 138 months), the dominant pattern of failure was regional failure (17 of total 23 events, 74%) in the observation group (n = 56). Pathologic LN metastases were significant factor for poor regional failure-free survival (hazard ration [HR] = 3.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-10.33; p = 0.044) and overall survival (HR = 3.62; 95% CI, 1.02-12.94; p = 0.047) in multivariate analysis. In subgroup analysis for cN0 patients according to the preoperative PET/CT findings, LND group showed the better trend of LRFFS (log rank test, p = 0.192) and RFFS (p = 0.310), although which is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Observational approach on regional LNs on the basis of the PET/CT in patients with cutaneous melanoma of extremities showed the dominant regional failure pattern compared to upfront LND approach. To reveal regional lymph node status, SLND for cN0 patients may of importance in managing cutaneous melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Sup Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Yong Eom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hwan Seong Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Changhoon Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Ah Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Lee HH, Paeng JC, Cheon GJ, Lee DS, Chung JK, Kang KW. Recurrence of Melanoma After Initial Treatment: Diagnostic Performance of FDG PET in Posttreatment Surveillance. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 52:327-333. [PMID: 30344780 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-018-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In malignant melanoma, recurrence is often observed in distant areas from the primary site. While FDG PET is a sensitive imaging for detecting malignant lesions, the role of FDG PET in posttreatment surveillance period has not been investigated sufficiently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of PET during posttreatment surveillance in melanoma. Methods A total of 76 melanoma patients who underwent FDG PET during surveillance period after completion of the first treatment were retrospectively enrolled. PET scans were grouped according to the purpose and clinical situations, routine surveillance, or evaluating clinical suspicion. Final diagnosis of recurrence was determined by complete clinical evaluation or long-term follow-up. In each situation, the diagnostic role of FDG PET was assessed. Results A total of 143 scans of 76 patients were analyzed: 51 for clinical suspicion and 92 for routine surveillance. In the clinical suspicion group, PET correctly diagnosed non-recurrence in 10 cases (20%). In routine surveillance group, 16 cases (17%) presented recurrence, all of which was correctly diagnosed on PET. NPV and PPV were 100% and 76%, respectively. In subgroup analysis, sensitivity and NPV were higher in the low-risk group (stages I-IIA) than in the high-risk group (stages IIB-IV), while specificity and PPV were higher in the high-risk group. Conclusion In conclusion, FDG PET is an effective diagnostic tool in posttreatment surveillance of melanoma. Even in cases without clinical suspicion, melanoma recurs in a considerable proportion of patients, which can be sensitively diagnosed on PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Hee Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Jin Chul Paeng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Gi Jeong Cheon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 South Korea
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15
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Comparing the genomes of cutaneous melanoma tumors to commercially available cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114877-114893. [PMID: 29383127 PMCID: PMC5777739 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulated culture environment and prolonged propagation contribute to known limitations of cell lines, and selection is often limited to availability or favorable growth characteristics. To better characterize and improve selection of cell lines, we compared 60 melanoma cell lines profiled by the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia and 472 cutaneous melanoma tumors profiled by The Cancer Genome Atlas by DNA sequence and copy number alterations. All samples were scored for stromal and immune cell composition by the ESTIMATE algorithm, and 412 tumors with ≥ 60% tumor cell fraction were compared to cell lines. Uncharacterized early passage cell lines that lacked BRAF, NRAS, or NF1 mutations had near zero mean Pearson correlation of copy number alterations per gene to tumors and also tended to have higher stromal scores. The Comet Exact Test was applied to tumors and cell lines identifying three pairs of genes mutated in a mutually exclusive pattern in tumors but not cell lines: BRAF and NRAS, BRAF and NF1, as well as NRAS and PTEN. Additionally, 31 genes were more frequently mutated in cell lines than tumors. Avoiding cell lines with co-occurring mutually exclusive mutations and the fewest differentially mutated genes within a known distribution of genetic similarity to tumors by copy number alterations may optimize selection.
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Nistal-Nuño B. Joinpoint regression analysis to evaluate traffic public health policies by national temporal trends from 2000 to 2015. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2017; 25:128-133. [PMID: 28675063 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2017.1341937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the past 16 years, a variety of factors might have impacted traffic accidents in Chile. In order to identify and quantify differential rates of change over time this study employed a novel analytic method to assess temporal trends in traffic morbi-mortality. Overall death and injury rates and associated to alcohol per 100,000 inhabitants were monitored between 2000 and 2015. Joinpoint regression was used to calculate annual percent changes (APCs) and average APCs. Permutation tests were used to determine joinpoints. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The rate of traffic deaths related to alcohol declined from 2006 until 2015 at a rate of 9.53% per year. The rate of traffic injuries related to alcohol decreased at a rate of 4.32% per year since 2008 to 2015. The use of the most sensitive approach to trend analysis brings new ele-ments to form the epidemiological analyses in Chile and similar countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Nistal-Nuño
- a Emergency Medicine Department , Stanford University Medical Center , Palo Alto , CA , USA
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