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Pérez-Portilla P, Aránguiz-Acuña A, Pizarro H, Maldonado A, Herrera J, Tapia J. Assessing the effects of long-term mining exploitation on a lacustrine system from the arid region of the Atacama Desert, Chile. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174771. [PMID: 39009154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Over the last century, the Atacama Desert has been exploited due to the mineral resources in this environment. These anthropogenic effects have primarily been linked to the development of the mining industry, the impact of which remains uncertain. Here, we use high-resolution geochemical characterization and magnetic properties analysis from the sedimentary core of Inka Coya Lake, located in the Atacama Desert, to assess the anthropogenic impact in this metallogenic region. The geochemistry and magnetic properties changed with core depth. Elements, such as Cu, Ni, and Zn, increased during the lake's most recent period. Additionally, an increase in mass magnetic susceptibility (χ) and a decrease in magnetic susceptibility depending on the frequency (χfd%) may be attributed to fine iron oxide grains originating from industrial and urban sources. Moreover, indices of pollution classified the sediment of Inka Coya Lake as slightly polluted and strongly polluted with Ni, and Cu, respectively. This could reflect a period of pollution caused by the increase in the production of copper sulfide. These results highlight the possible impact of mining activities in the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert, which affects surrounding areas through dispersive processes, even reaching high altitudes, and provides a scientific basis for the prevention of environmental pollution from mining and the protection of the sediment and water source in the Atacama Desert.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pérez-Portilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile; Milenium Nucleus in Andean Peatlands (AndesPeat), Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
| | - A Aránguiz-Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Acuática, Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile; Milenium Nucleus in Andean Peatlands (AndesPeat), Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - H Pizarro
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; Departamento de Geología, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Maldonado
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Raúl Bitran 1305, La Serena, Chile; Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - J Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - J Tapia
- Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile; Milenium Nucleus in Andean Peatlands (AndesPeat), Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Investigación en Riesgo Volcánico - CKELAR Volcanes, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
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2
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Parnell J. Vanadium for Green Energy: Increasing Demand but With Health Implications in Volcanic Terrains. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2021GH000579. [PMID: 35799914 PMCID: PMC9250111 DOI: 10.1029/2021gh000579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transition to a clean energy future may require a very substantial increase in resources of vanadium. This trend brings into focus the potential health issues related to vanadium in the environment. Most vanadium enters the Earth's crust through volcanic rocks; hence, vanadium levels in groundwaters in volcanic aquifers are higher than in other aquifers and can exceed local guidance limits. The biggest accumulation of volcanogenic sediment on the planet is downwind of the Andes and makes up much of Argentina. Consequently, groundwaters in Argentina have the highest vanadium contents and constitute a global vanadium anomaly. The high vanadium contents have given rise to health concerns. Vanadium could be extracted during remediation of domestic and other groundwater, and although the resultant resource is limited, it would be gained using low-energy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Parnell
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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3
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Tapia-Gatica J, Selles I, Bravo MA, Tessini C, Barros-Parada W, Novoselov A, Neaman A. Global issues in setting legal limits on soil metal contamination: A case study of Chile. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133404. [PMID: 34953874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of legal limits for soil contamination with trace elements is a global issue that has not yet been resolved. However, the resolution of any global problem begins at the national level. In this vein, we present the case of Chile, the world's leading copper producer, where soil contamination by trace elements in mining areas has been severe. We evaluated the magnitude of the ecological and human health risks from exposure to arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) in soils of the La Ligua and Petorca basins, two important mining areas in Chile. Contrary to what might be expected in soils affected by Cu mining activities, As was identified as the most hazardous element in the studied soils, both in terms of ecological and human health risks. On the other hand, Chile does not currently have specific legislation establishing legal limits on soil contamination with trace elements. Since Chile is geochemically similar to New Zealand, Mexico, and Italy, we used the limits of these three countries as benchmarks. We determined the background concentrations of As, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the soils of the two river basins under study and found that they tend to exceed the limits established by foreign laws. We also found that the differences in background elemental concentrations in the studied soils were primarily due to the varied lithology of soil-forming rocks. This means that absolute "one-limit-fits-all" values of element concentrations may not be adequate to regulate the level of soil contamination in areas affected by mining. As a fundamental first step, it is necessary to establish background soil concentrations of trace elements in each river basin in Chile. It is clear that Chile urgently needs to move from rubber-stamping foreign laws to the development of national legislation on soil metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Tapia-Gatica
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile; Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Iván Selles
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel A Bravo
- Laboratorio de Química Analítica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Catherine Tessini
- Laboratorio de Análisis Químico e Instrumental, Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Wilson Barros-Parada
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile.
| | - Alexey Novoselov
- Instituto de Geología Económica Aplicada, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexander Neaman
- Instituto de Ingeniería Agraria y Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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4
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Gutiérrez B, Soto R, Catalán A, Araya JE, Fuentes M, González J. Demodex folliculorum (Trombidiformes: Demodicidae) and Demodex brevis Prevalence in an Extreme Environment of Chile. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2067-2074. [PMID: 34331059 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of mites of the genus Demodex and their associations with host age, gender, workplace, and comorbid skin and ocular conditions were studied in participants in Antofagasta, Chile, which is in a region with an extreme environment. We examined 680 participants aged 18-88 yr using standardized surface skin biopsies. Among them, Demodex had a prevalence of 13.5 % (95% confidence interval, 10.88-16.17). A slightly higher prevalence was observed in males (51.1%; 95% confidence interval, 40.9-61.3; nonsignificant) and participants in the 69-88 yr age group (50.0%; 95% confidence interval, 23.8-76.2; P < 0.05). Regarding the species involved, Demodex folliculorum was found in 89.1% (CI 82.7-95.5) of cases, while D. brevis was found in the remaining 10.9% of cases. A higher prevalence (25.0% CI 16.1-33.91) was observed in participants who worked indoors in generally enclosed and dust-rich environments (such as theaters, libraries, and administrative offices). There was also a strong association between Demodex prevalence and conjunctival hyperemia, with 35.9% (95% confidence interval, 9.1-35; OR 17.9) of the Demodex positive participants having this pathology compared to 10.3% of the noninfested participants. In summary, the prevalence of Demodex in Antofagasta, Chile (13.5%) was toward the lower end of the range reported among other regions around the world. Environmental factors such as exposure to the sun (including ultraviolet rays) or environmental pollution may affect the mites. In addition, Demodex genetics (related to virulence) and the ocular or skin microbiota may positively or negatively influence infestation and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bessy Gutiérrez
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Soto
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alejandro Catalán
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge E Araya
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Margarita Fuentes
- Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jorge González
- Molecular Parasitology Unit, Medical Technology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Avenida Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile
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Is the Urban Form a Driver of Heavy Metal Pollution in Road Dust? Evidence from Mexico City. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a negative externality of urbanization and is of great concern due to the fact that it poses serious problems to human health. Pollutants, such as heavy metals, have been found in urban road dust; however, it is unclear whether the urban form has a role in its accumulation, mainly in cases where there is no dominant unique source. We collected 482 samples of road dust, we determined the concentrations of five heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and then we derived the pollution load index (PLI). After estimating the mostly anthropogenic origin of these pollutants based on global levels of reference, there were two main aims of this study. Firstly, to analyze the spatial correlation of heavy metals, and secondly, to identify the main factors that influenced the heavy metal concentrations in the road dust of Mexico City. We did this by using a spatial autocorrelation indicator (Global Moran’s I) and applying ordinary least squares (OLS) and spatial regression models. The results indicated low levels of positive spatial autocorrelation for all heavy metals. Most variables failed to detect any relationship with heavy metals. The median strip area in the roads had a weak (significance level of 90%) but consistent positive relationship with Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and the PLI. The distance to the airport had a weak (significance level of 90%) and inverse relationship with Pb. Manufacturing units were associated with an increase in Cu (significance level of 95%), while the entropy index was associated with an increase in Ni (significance level of 95%).
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Marambio-Alfaro Y, Saavedra JV, Enciso LÑ, Marras AL, Serrano AE, Peláez RM, Bruna AC, Ávalos GÁ, Maldonado MV. Microlophus atacamensis as a biomonitor of coastal contamination in the Atacama Desert, Chile: An evaluation through a non-lethal technique. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:115739. [PMID: 33279265 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we investigated the accumulation of heavy metals in the lizard Microlophus atacamensis, in three coastal areas of the Atacama Desert, northern Chile. We captured reptiles in a non-intervened area (Parque Nacional Pan de Azúcar, PAZ), an area of mining impact (Caleta Palitos, PAL) and an active industrial zone (Puerto de Caldera, CAL). Our methods included a non-lethal sampling of reptiles' tails obtained by autotomy and a few sacrificed animals to perform a stomach contents analysis. The concentrations of lead, copper, nickel, zinc and cadmium were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in both soil and prey and compared to those recorded in the lizards' tails. Data obtained from lizard tails captured in PAL showed significantly high concentrations of Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn compared to the other two sites PAZ and CAL. We did not find statistically significant differences among PAZ, PAL and CAL soils, probably due to the similar geological composition of the sites. However, the regional background values for Pb indicate contamination or at least metal enrichment in soils of the three sites, for Cu the global background values indicate contamination for the three sites, and for Cd both the regional and global backgroud values show high values. The analysis of the stomach content showed differences in the food sources of the lizards among the sites studied. The concentration of heavy metal in lizard tissues versus prey delivered values of the Trophic Transfer Factor higher than one (1), suggesting that food may be a primary source of metals in the tissues of M. atacamensis. Calculations of the Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) and the Ecological Risk (IR) resulted in values higher than one (1) indicating the relevance of this process in the sites studied. In this article, we report relationships between environmental contaminants, mainly putative preys, and concentrations found in lizard tails, which is more substantial in areas with historical heavy metal contamination such as PAL where the non-lethal technique developed in this research suggests a process of metal bioaccumulation in M. atacamensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yery Marambio-Alfaro
- LASPAL-LABIGAM Laboratories, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Natural Sciences. University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile; Parménides Limited, 1265 Plaza Wheelwright. Copiapó, 1530291, Atacama, Chile; Doctoral Program in Applied Sciences - Coastal Marine Systems, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources. University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile.
| | - Jorge Valdés Saavedra
- LASPAL-LABIGAM Laboratories, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Natural Sciences. University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile
| | - Luis Ñacari Enciso
- Doctoral Program in Applied Sciences - Coastal Marine Systems, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources. University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile
| | - Américo López Marras
- LASPAL-LABIGAM Laboratories, Alexander von Humboldt Institute of Natural Sciences. University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Martínez Peláez
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile
| | - Alexis Castillo Bruna
- Research Centre for Advanced Studies of Maule, Vice-Rector's Office for Research and Postgraduate Studies, Catholic University of Maule, San Miguel Campus, San Miguel Av., Talca, Chile
| | - Gabriel Álvarez Ávalos
- Department of Engineering in Geo Measuring and Geomatics. University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, 1240000, Chile
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Assessment of Native and Endemic Chilean Plants for Removal of Cu, Mo and Pb from Mine Tailings. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Chile, 85% of tailings impoundments are inactive or abandoned and many of them do not have a program of treatment or afforestation. The phytoremediation of tailings with Oxalis gigantea, Cistanthe grandiflora, Puya berteroniana and Solidago chilensis have been tested in order to find plants with ornamental value and low water requirements, which enable reductions in molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu) or lead (Pb) concentrations creating an environmentally friendly surrounding. Ex-situ phytoremediation experiments were carried out for seven months and Mo, Cu and Pb were measured at the beginning and at the end of the growth period. The capacity of these species to phyto-remedy was evaluated using the bioconcentration and translocation factors, along with assessing removal efficiency. Solidago chilensis showed the ability to phytoextract Mo while Puya berteroniana showed potential for Cu and Mo stabilization. The highest removal efficiencies were obtained for Mo, followed by Cu and Pb. The maximum values of removal efficiency for Mo, Cu and Pb were 28.7% with Solidago chilensis, 15.6% with Puya berteroniana and 8.8% with Cistanthe grandiflora, respectively. Therefore, the most noticeable results were obtained with Solidago chilensis for phytoextraction of Mo.
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Yin K, Shi Z, Zhang M, Li Y. Effects of mining on the molybdenum absorption and translocation of plants in the Luanchuan molybdenum mine. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9183. [PMID: 32518726 PMCID: PMC7258905 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a critical need to examine whether mining of molybdenum (Mo) ore will affect Mo absorption and translocation by plants at a community level. Methods Indigenous plants and their rhizospheric soil (0–20 cm) growing in two different areas including the mining and the unexploited areas were collected from the Luanchuan Mo mine—one of the largest Mo mines in Asia. The concentrations of Mo and other heavy metals of plants or soil were measured by ICP-AES. Mo absorption and translocation in plants growing in two areas were investigated and compared. Heavy metal pollution in soil was also evaluated by the potential ecological hazard index method. Results Mo concentration in mining soils was higher with the changes from 108.13 to 268.13 mg kg−1 compared to unexploited area. Mo concentrations in shoots and roots of plants growing in the mining area were also significant higher than those growing in the unexploited area with 2.59 and 2.99 times, respectively. The Mo translocation factor of plants growing in the unexploited area was 1.61, which reached 1.69 times that of plants growing in the mining area. Mo was the main heavy metal pollutant in the soil of both the mining and the unexploited areas. Conclusion Mining of Mo had changed not only the Mo concentration in soil but also Mo absorption and translocation in plants. Plants growing in the mining area absorbed more Mo from the soil but translocated relatively less to shoots than plants of the unexploited area. However, the mechanisms of Mo absorption and translocation of plants in mining area should be further studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Yin
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhaoyong Shi
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China.,Luoyang Key Laboratory of Symbiotic Microorganism and Green Development, Luoyang, Henan Province, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Human Settlements, Luoyang, Henan Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengge Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province, China
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Valdés J, Tapia JS. Spatial monitoring of metals and As in coastal sediments of northern Chile: An evaluation of background values for the analysis of local environmental conditions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:624-640. [PMID: 31590832 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess environmental conditions along the coast of northern Chile, 457 sediment samples were collected between 22° S and 28° S in order to evaluate the Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, V, Cd, As and Al content as well as its corresponding relationship to nearby anthropogenic activities. In general, the results of most metals showed that bays without industrial activity accumulate lower concentrations of contaminant elements in the sediments and thus mostly represent natural conditions. The highest Cu, Pb and V levels were measured in coastal zones were different industrial mining activities have been developed during the last decades. Results of different indices of environmental evaluation and ecological impact suggest that, metal content of sediments from pollution-free zones characterized by similar oceanographic and geological conditions to those under study, would be the most appropriate background level for assessing the anthropogenic impact on coastal areas of northern Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valdés
- Laboratorio de Sedimentología y Paleoambientes (LASPAL), Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 2800, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Joseline S Tapia
- Escuela de Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
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Agyemang-Duah W, Arthur-Holmes F, Sobeng AK, Peprah P, Dokbila JM, Asare E, Okyere J. Corporate social responsibility in public health provision: Community members’ assessment. COGENT MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2019.1622999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Williams Agyemang-Duah
- Department of Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Augustus Kweku Sobeng
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Institute of Geography, History and Psychology, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Prince Peprah
- Natural and Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jennifer Mengba Dokbila
- Department of Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Evelyn Asare
- Department of Management Education, College of Technology Education, University of Education Winneba, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Joshua Okyere
- Department of International Studies, Center for International Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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