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Simonetti S, Zupo V, Gambi MC, Luckenbach T, Corsi I. Unraveling cellular and molecular mechanisms of acid stress tolerance and resistance in marine species: New frontiers in the study of adaptation to ocean acidification. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114365. [PMID: 36435021 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the industrial revolution, fossil fuel combustion has led to a 30 %-increase of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, also increasing the ocean partial CO2 pressure. The consequent lowered surface seawater pH is termed ocean acidification (OA) and severely affects marine life on a global scale. Cellular and molecular responses of marine species to lowered seawater pH have been studied but information on the mechanisms driving the tolerance of adapted species to comparatively low seawater pH is limited. Such information may be obtained from species inhabiting sites with naturally low water pH that have evolved remarkable abilities to tolerate such conditions. This review gathers information on current knowledge about species naturally facing low water pH conditions and on cellular and molecular adaptive mechanisms enabling the species to survive under, and even benefit from, adverse pH conditions. Evidences derived from case studies on naturally acidified systems and on resistance mechanisms will guide predictions on the consequences of future adverse OA scenarios for marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Simonetti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Dep.t of BluBioTech, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Dep.t of BluBioTech, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Till Luckenbach
- Department Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli, 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Martínez-Laiz G, MacLeod CD, Hesketh AV, Konecny CA, Ros M, Guerra-García JM, Harley CDG. The journey of hull-fouling mobile invaders: basibionts and boldness mediate dislodgement risk during transit. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:837-851. [PMID: 36317602 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2138754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vessel hull-fouling is responsible for most bioinvasion events in the marine environment, yet it lacks regulation in most countries. Although experts advocate a preventative approach, research efforts on pre-arrival processes are limited. The performance of mobile epifauna during vessel transport was evaluated via laboratory simulations, using the well-known invasive Japanese skeleton shrimp (Caprella mutica), and its native congener C. laeviuscula as case study. The invader did not possess any advantage in terms of inherent resistance to drag. Instead, its performance was conditioned by the complexity of secondary substrate. Dislodgement risk was significantly reduced when sessile fouling basibionts were added, which provided refugia and boosted the probability of C. mutica remaining attached from 7 to 65% in flow exposure trials. Interestingly, the invader exhibited significantly higher exploratory tendency and motility than its native congener at zero-flow conditions. Implications in terms of en-route survivorship, invasion success and macrofouling management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Martínez-Laiz
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Colin D MacLeod
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amelia V Hesketh
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cassandra A Konecny
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Macarena Ros
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Biology, CASEM, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - José M Guerra-García
- Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Christopher D G Harley
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Lörz A, Oldeland J, Kaiser S. Niche breadth and biodiversity change derived from marine Amphipoda species off Iceland. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8802. [PMID: 35414894 PMCID: PMC8986549 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecological requirements and thresholds of individual species is crucial to better predict potential outcomes of climate change on species distribution. In particular, species optima and lower and upper limits along resource gradients require attention. Based on Huisman-Olff-Fresco (HOF) models, we determined species-specific responses along gradients of nine environmental parameters including depth in order to estimate niche attributes of 30 deep-sea benthic amphipods occurring around Iceland. We, furthermore, examined the relationships between niche breadth, occupancy, and geographic range assuming that species with a wider niche are spatially more widely dispersed and vice versa. Overall, our results reveal that species react very differently to environmental gradients, which is independent of the family affiliation of the respective species. We could infer a strong relationship between occupancy and geographic range and also relate this to differences in niche breadth; that is specialist species with a narrow niche had a more limited distribution and may thus be more threatened by changing environmental conditions than generalist species, which are more widespread. Given the preponderance of rare species in the deep sea, this implies that many species could be at risk. However, this must be carefully weighed against geographical data gaps in this area, given that many deep-sea areas are severely undersampled and the true distribution of most species is unknown. After all, our results underline that an accurate taxonomic classification is of crucial importance, without which ecological niche properties cannot be determined and which is hence fundamental for the assessment and understanding of changes in biodiversity in the face of increasing human perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Nina Lörz
- Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries ScienceCenter for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN)Universität HamburgHamburgGermany
| | | | - Stefanie Kaiser
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and HydrobiologyFaculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
- INES Integrated Environmental Solutions UGWilhelmshavenGermany
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Brown NEM, Bernhardt JR, Harley CDG. Energetic context determines species and community responses to ocean acidification. Ecology 2020; 101:e03073. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norah E. M. Brown
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
| | - Joey R. Bernhardt
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
| | - Christopher D. G. Harley
- Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 British Columbia Canada
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Turra A, Ragagnin MN, McCarthy ID, Fernandez WS. The effect of ocean acidification on the intertidal hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis is not modulated by cheliped amputation and sex. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 153:104794. [PMID: 31582297 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of the interactive effects of ocean acidification (OA) with other anthropogenic environmental stressors on marine biodiversity are receiving increasing attention in recent years. However, little is known about how organismal responses to OA may be influenced by common phenomena such as autotomy and sexual dimorphism. This study evaluated the long-term (120 days) combined effects of OA (pH 7.7), experimental cheliped amputation and sex on physiological stress (mortality, growth, number of molts, cheliped regeneration and startle response) and energy budget (lipid and calcium contents) in the intertidal sexually-dimorphic hermit crab Pagurus criniticornis. Crabs exposed to OA reduced survivorship (46%), molting frequency (36%) and lipid content (42%). Autotomised crabs and males molted more frequently (39% and 32%, respectively). Males presented higher regeneration (33%) and lower lipid content (24%). The few synergistic effects recorded did not indicate any clear pattern among treatments however, (1) a stronger reduction in lipid content was recorded in non-autotomised crabs exposed to low pH; (2) calcium content was higher in males than females only for autotomised crabs under control pH; and (3) autotomised females showed a proportionally slower activity recovery than autotomised males. Although our results suggest an effect of long-term exposure to low pH on the physiological stress and energy budget of Pagurus criniticornis, the physiological repertoire and plasticity associated with limb regeneration and the maintenance of dimorphism in secondary sexual characters may provide resilience to long-term exposure to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Turra
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marilia N Ragagnin
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Ian D McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, United Kingdom
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Complex and interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming on the life span of a marine trematode parasite. Int J Parasitol 2019; 49:1015-1021. [PMID: 31655036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human activities have caused an increase in atmospheric CO2 over the last 250 years, leading to unprecedented rates of change in seawater pH and temperature. These global scale processes are now commonly referred to as ocean acidification and warming, and have the potential to substantially alter the physiological performance of many marine organisms. It is vital that the effects of ocean acidification and warming on marine organisms are explored so that we can predict how marine communities may change in future. In particular, the effect of ocean acidification and warming on host-parasite dynamics is poorly understood, despite the ecological importance of these relationships. Here, we explore the response of one himasthlid trematode, Himasthla sp., an abundant and broadly distributed species of marine parasite, to combinations of elevated temperature and pCO2 that represent physiological extremes, pre-industrial conditions, and end of century predictions. Specifically, we quantified the life span of the free-living cercarial stage under elevated temperature and pCO2, focussing our research on functional life span (the time cercariae spend actively swimming) and absolute life span (the period before death). We found that the effects of temperature and pCO2 were complex and interactive. Overall, increased temperature negatively affected functional and absolute life span, e.g. across all pCO2 treatments the average time to 50% cessation of active swimming was approximately 8 h at 5 °C, 6 h at 15 °C, 4 h at 25 °C, and 2 h at 40 °C. The effect of pCO2, which significantly affected absolute life span, was highly variable across temperature treatments. These results strongly suggest that ocean acidification and warming may alter the transmission success of trematode cercariae, and potentially reduce the input of cercariae to marine zooplankton. Either outcome could substantially alter the community structure of coastal marine systems.
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