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Janet R, Smallwood J, Hutcherson CA, Plassmann H, Mckeown B, Tusche A. Body mass index-dependent shifts along large-scale gradients in human cortical organization explain dietary regulatory success. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314224121. [PMID: 38648482 PMCID: PMC11067012 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314224121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Making healthy dietary choices is essential for keeping weight within a normal range. Yet many people struggle with dietary self-control despite good intentions. What distinguishes neural processing in those who succeed or fail to implement healthy eating goals? Does this vary by weight status? To examine these questions, we utilized an analytical framework of gradients that characterize systematic spatial patterns of large-scale neural activity, which have the advantage of considering the entire suite of processes subserving self-control and potential regulatory tactics at the whole-brain level. Using an established laboratory food task capturing brain responses in natural and regulatory conditions (N = 123), we demonstrate that regulatory changes of dietary brain states in the gradient space predict individual differences in dietary success. Better regulators required smaller shifts in brain states to achieve larger goal-consistent changes in dietary behaviors, pointing toward efficient network organization. This pattern was most pronounced in individuals with lower weight status (low-BMI, body mass index) but absent in high-BMI individuals. Consistent with prior work, regulatory goals increased activity in frontoparietal brain circuits. However, this shift in brain states alone did not predict variance in dietary success. Instead, regulatory success emerged from combined changes along multiple gradients, showcasing the interplay of different large-scale brain networks subserving dietary control and possible regulatory strategies. Our results provide insights into how the brain might solve the problem of dietary control: Dietary success may be easier for people who adopt modes of large-scale brain activation that do not require significant reconfigurations across contexts and goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Janet
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Cendri A. Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 2E5, Canada
- Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3E6, Canada
| | - Hilke Plassmann
- Marketing Area, INSEAD, FontainebleauF-77300, France
- Control-Interoception-Attention Team, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne University, Paris75013, France
| | - Bronte Mckeown
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anita Tusche
- Department of Psychology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ONK7L 3N6, Canada
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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Chen YY, Yim H, Lee TH. Negative impact of daily screen use on inhibitory control network in preadolescence: A two-year follow-up study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101218. [PMID: 36821878 PMCID: PMC9933860 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made an unprecedented shift in children's daily lives. Children are increasingly spending time with screens to learn and connect with others. As the online environment rapidly substitutes in-person experience, understanding children's neuropsychological trajectories associated with screen experiences is important. Previous findings suggest that excessive screen use can lead children to prefer more immediate rewards over delayed outcomes. We hypothesized that increased screen time delays a child's development of inhibitory control system in the brain (i.e., fronto-striatal circuitry). By analyzing neuropsychological data from 8324 children (9-11ys) from the ABCD Study, we found that children who had more screen time showed a higher reward orientation and weaker fronto-striatal connectivity. Importantly, we found that the daily screen exposure mediated the effect of reward sensitivity on the development of the inhibitory control system in the brain over a two year period. These findings suggest possible negative long-term impacts of increased daily screen time on children's neuropsychological development. The results further demonstrated that screen time influences dorsal striatum connectivity, which suggests that the effect of daily screen use is a habitual seeking behavior. The study provides neural and behavioral evidence for the negative impact of daily screen use on developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Chen
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hyungwook Yim
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA; School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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3
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Zhang X, Wen K, Han J, Chen H. The Neural Processes in Food Decision-making and their Effect on Daily Diet Management in Successful and Unsuccessful Restrained Eaters. Neuroscience 2023; 517:1-17. [PMID: 36764599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the neural mechanisms underlying food decision making in unsuccessful restrained eaters (US-REs) and successful restrained eaters (S-REs). During a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, participants were required to choose between pairs of high- and low-calorie foods under the following conditions: the congruent condition (choose between high- and low-calorie foods with the same level of tastiness) and incongruent condition (choose between high-calorie foods tastier than the corresponding low-calorie foods). Subsequently, the participants' diets were monitored for one week. The behavioral results showed that US-REs (n = 28) chose more high-calorie foods than S-REs (n = 26); in contrast, S-REs spent more time in choosing for the incongruent than the congruent condition. The fMRI results found that US-REs exhibited more activity in reward regions (caudate and thalamus) than S-REs in the congruent condition. In the incongruent condition, S-REs showed stronger functional connectivity between the conflict-monitoring region (anterior cingulate cortex) and inhibitory-control regions (inferior frontal gyrus [IFG] and medial frontal gyrus) than US-REs. In both the conditions, increased activation of the insula, putamen, middle frontal gyrus, and IFG could predict increased food intake among US-REs in the following week. Furthermore, in both the conditions, increased IFG activation could predict decreased food cravings among S-REs during the following week. Our results suggest that US-REs have a strong reward response to food. Compared to US-REs, S-REs are more guided more by the goal of weight control, and exhibit strong functional connections between the conflict-monitoring and inhibitory-control regions. Therefore, eating enjoyment and weight-control goals influence restrained eating in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Zhang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Research Center for Brain and Cognitive Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinfeng Han
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Wang Z, Shen J, Wu Y, Cui X, Song Q, Shi Z, Guo C, Su J, Zang J. A China Healthy Diet Index-Based Evaluation of Dietary Quality among Pregnant Women in Shanghai across Trimesters and Residential Areas. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 67:301-309. [PMID: 34719615 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.67.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Good dietary quality among pregnant women is critical for maternal and fetal health. The primary objective of our study was to analyze the dietary quality of pregnant woman and its influencing factors. Pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified, random-sampling method in Shanghai. We used a personal food frequency questionnaire and a household condiment weighing method for dietary assessments. Participants' scores on the China Healthy Diet Index (CHDI) were analyzed to evaluate diet quality. Significant differences in the median daily intake of almost all food types were found across all trimesters, and all food types were found across all residential areas (urban, suburban and rural). The median of total CHDI score was 71.6 in all subjects, 71.1 in early pregnancy, 71.5 in middle pregnancy and 72.3 in late pregnancy. The results of uni-variate analysis showed that significant differences in CHDI scores were found across trimesters and residential areas. Eighty one point six percent of participants scored below 80 points, indicating general or poor dietary quality. Logistic regression models showed that participants in early and middle pregnancy had lower scores than those in late pregnancy. Women in urban areas had higher scores than those in suburban and rural areas. Most of pregnant women living in Shanghai suffer from a general or poor dietary quality. Education on balance diet should be strengthened to guide pregnant women in making reasonable food choices and intake, especially those living in suburban and rural areas and those in their first and second trimesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Wang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jiaying Shen
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Xueying Cui
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Qi Song
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Zehuan Shi
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Changyi Guo
- General Office, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jin Su
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention
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5
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Frontoparietal hyperconnectivity during cognitive regulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder followed by reward valuation inflexibility. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:657-666. [PMID: 33187688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by cognitive deficits and altered reward processing systems. An imbalance between cognitive and reward pathways may explain the lack of control over obsessions followed by rewarding compulsive behaviors. While the processes of emotional cognitive regulation are widely studied in OCD, the mechanisms of cognitive regulation of reward are poorly described. Our goal was to investigate the OCD impact on cognitive regulation of reward at behavioral and neural functioning levels. OCD and control participants performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging task where they cognitively modulated their craving for food pictures under three cognitive regulation conditions: indulge/increase craving, distance/decrease craving, and natural/no regulation of craving. After regulation, the participants gave each picture a monetary value. We found that OCD patients had fixed food valuation scores while the control group modulated these values accordingly to the regulation conditions. Moreover, we observed frontoparietal hyperconnectivity during cognitive regulation. Our results suggest that OCD is characterized by deficits in cognitive regulation of internal states associated with inflexible behavior during reward processing. These findings bring new insights into the nature of compulsive behaviors in OCD.
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Dang J, Barker P, Baumert A, Bentvelzen M, Berkman E, Buchholz N, Buczny J, Chen Z, De Cristofaro V, de Vries L, Dewitte S, Giacomantonio M, Gong R, Homan M, Imhoff R, Ismail I, Jia L, Kubiak T, Lange F, Li DY, Livingston J, Ludwig R, Panno A, Pearman J, Rassi N, Schiöth HB, Schmitt M, Sevincer AT, Shi J, Stamos A, Tan YC, Wenzel M, Zerhouni O, Zhang LW, Zhang YJ, Zinkernagel A. A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021; 12:14-24. [PMID: 34113424 DOI: 10.1177/1948550619887702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe (N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Dang
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Paul Barker
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Baumert
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.,TUM School of Education, München, Germany
| | | | - Elliot Berkman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Nita Buchholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Buczny
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zhansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Lianne de Vries
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Ran Gong
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Maaike Homan
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Ismaharif Ismail
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lile Jia
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Kubiak
- Heath Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | | | - Rita Ludwig
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Angelo Panno
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Joshua Pearman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Niklas Rassi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yia-Chin Tan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Wenzel
- Heath Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, University Paris Nanterre, France
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Yi-Jia Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Axel Zinkernagel
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
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7
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La Marra M, Caviglia G, Perrella R. Using Smartphones When Eating Increases Caloric Intake in Young People: An Overview of the Literature. Front Psychol 2020; 11:587886. [PMID: 33343462 PMCID: PMC7744612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.587886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent literature highlights that the use of smartphones during meals increases the number of calories ingested in young people. Although the distraction interferes with physiological signals of hunger and satiety, a social facilitation effect has also been suggested. Cognition is a pivotal component in regulating food intake, and activities requiring high perceptual demands should be discouraged during meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Caviglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Raffaella Perrella
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
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8
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Cosme D, Lopez RB. Neural Indicators Of Food Cue Reactivity, Regulation, And Valuation And Their Associations With Body Composition And Daily Eating Behavior. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2020; 18:nsaa155. [PMID: 33216123 PMCID: PMC10074773 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to food cues activates the brain's reward system and undermines efforts to regulate impulses to eat. During explicit regulation, lateral prefrontal cortex activates and modulates activity in reward regions and decreases food cravings. However, it is unclear the extent to which between-person differences in recruitment of regions associated with reward processing, subjective valuation, and regulation during food cue exposure-absent instructions to regulate-predict body composition and daily eating behaviors. In this preregistered study, we pooled data from five fMRI samples (N = 262) to examine whether regions associated with reward, valuation, and regulation, as well as whole-brain pattern expression indexing these processes, were recruited during food cue exposure and associated with body composition and real-world eating behavior. Regression models for a single a priori analytic path indicated that univariate and multivariate measures of reward and valuation were associated with individual differences in BMI and enactment of daily food cravings. Specification curve analyses further revealed reliable associations between univariate and multivariate neural indicators of reactivity, regulation, and valuation, and all outcomes. These findings highlight the utility of these methods to elucidate brain-behavior associations and suggest that multiple processes are implicated in proximal and distal markers of eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cosme
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard B Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504, USA
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Hu Y, Ji G, Li G, Manza P, Zhang W, Wang J, Lv G, He Y, Zhang Z, Yuan K, von Deneen KM, Chen A, Cui G, Wang H, Wiers CE, Volkow ND, Nie Y, Zhang Y, Wang GJ. Brain Connectivity, and Hormonal and Behavioral Correlates of Sustained Weight Loss in Obese Patients after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:1284-1295. [PMID: 33037819 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological mediators that support cognitive-control and long-term weight-loss after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remain unclear. We measured peripheral appetitive hormones and brain functional-connectivity (FC) using magnetic-resonance-imaging with food cue-reactivity task in 25 obese participants at pre, 1 month, and 6 month after LSG, and compared with 30 normal weight controls. We also used diffusion-tensor-imaging to explore whether LSG increases brain structural-connectivity (SC) of regions involved in food cue-reactivity. LSG significantly decreased BMI, craving for high-calorie food cues, ghrelin, insulin, and leptin levels, and increased self-reported cognitive-control of eating behavior. LSG increased FC between the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and increased SC between DLPFC and ACC at 1 month and 6 month after LSG. Reduction in BMI correlated negatively with increased FC of right DLPFC-pgACC at 1 month and with increased SC of DLPFC-ACC at 1 month and 6 month after LSG. Reduction in craving for high-calorie food cues correlated negatively with increased FC of DLPFC-pgACC at 6 month after LSG. Additionally, SC of DLPFC-ACC mediated the relationship between lower ghrelin levels and greater cognitive control. These findings provide evidence that LSG improved functional and structural connectivity in prefrontal regions, which contribute to enhanced cognitive-control and sustained weight-loss following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Ganggang Lv
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Yang He
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Zhida Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Karen M von Deneen
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Huaning Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Corinde E Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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10
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Zhang X, Wang S, Liu Y, Chen H. More restriction, more overeating: conflict monitoring ability is impaired by food-thought suppression among restrained eaters. Brain Imaging Behav 2020; 15:2069-2080. [PMID: 33033984 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that restrained eating is not an effective weight loss strategy. Restrained eaters often suppress their desires and thoughts about tasty food, which makes it more difficult to control themselves in subsequent eating behavior. The ego depletion impairs conflict monitoring abilities. Therefore, this study explored the effects of food thoughts suppression on restrained eaters' conflict monitoring. Therefore, this study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods to explore changes in the activity of brain regions involved in conflict monitoring when restrained eaters choose between high- and low-calorie foods after either suppressing or not suppressing thoughts about food. The results showed that, compared to the control condition, after suppression of such thoughts, restrained eaters chose more high-calorie foods and displayed decreased activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex-an important region in charge of conflict monitoring. At the same time, the functional coupling of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus increased. Our findings suggest that restrained eaters' suppression of thoughts about tasty food could lead to a decline in their ability to monitor conflicts between current behaviors and goals, which in turn leads to unhealthy eating behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Zhang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaorui Wang
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Psychology, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng road, Beibei district, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Dalton B, Foerde K, Bartholdy S, McClelland J, Kekic M, Grycuk L, Campbell IC, Schmidt U, Steinglass JE. The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on food choice-related self-control in patients with severe, enduring anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:1326-1336. [PMID: 32309882 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) pursue low-fat, low-calorie diets even when in a state of emaciation. These maladaptive food choices may involve fronto-limbic circuitry associated with cognitive control, habit, and reward. We assessed whether high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) influenced food-related choice behavior in patients with severe, enduring (SE)-AN. METHOD Thirty-four females with SE-AN completed a Food Choice Task before and after 20 sessions of real or sham rTMS treatment and at a 4-month follow-up. During the task, participants rated high- and low-fat food items for healthiness and tastiness and then made a series of choices between a neutral-rated food and high- and low-fat foods. Outcomes included the proportion of high-fat and self-controlled choices made. A comparison group of 30 healthy women completed the task at baseline only. RESULTS Baseline data were consistent with previous findings: relative to healthy controls, SE-AN participants showed a preference for low-fat foods and exercised self-control on a greater proportion of trials. There was no significant effect of rTMS treatment nor time on food choices related to fat content. However, among SE-AN participants who received real rTMS, there was a decrease in self-controlled food choices at post-treatment, relative to baseline. Specifically, there was an increase in the selection of tasty-unhealthy foods. DISCUSSION In SE-AN, rTMS may promote more flexibility in relation to food choice. This may result from neuroplastic changes in the DLPFC and/or in associated brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Dalton
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Karin Foerde
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Savani Bartholdy
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica McClelland
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Kekic
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luiza Grycuk
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Iain C Campbell
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joanna E Steinglass
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
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Inhibition of food craving is a metabolically active process in the brain in obese men. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:590-600. [PMID: 31740725 PMCID: PMC7046524 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with impaired inhibitory control over food intake. We hypothesized that the neural circuitry underlying inhibition of food craving would be impaired in obesity. Here we assessed whether obese men show altered brain responses during attempted cognitive inhibition of craving when exposed to food cues. METHODS Sixteen obese men (32 ± 8.7 years old, BMI = 38.6 ± 7.2) were compared with 11 age-matched non-obese men (BMI 24.2 ± 2.5) using PET and FDG. Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in a food deprived state: no food stimulation, food stimulation with no inhibition (NI), and food stimulation with attempted inhibition (AI), each on a separate day. Individualized favorite food items were presented prior to and after FDG injection for 40 min. For AI, participants were asked to attempt to inhibit their desire for the food presented. Self-reports for hunger and food desire were recorded. RESULTS Food stimulation compared with no stimulation increased glucose metabolism in inferior and superior frontal gyrus, default mode network and cerebellum, in both groups. For both groups, AI compared with NI-suppressed metabolism in right subgenual anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal areas, bilateral insula, and temporal gyri. There was a stimulation-by-group interaction effect in obese (but not in non-obese) men showing increased metabolism in pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) and caudate during AI relative to NI. Changes in the food desire from NI to AI correlated negatively with changes in metabolism in pgACC/caudate in obese but not in non-obese men. CONCLUSIONS Obese men showed higher activation in pgACC/caudate, which are regions involved with self-regulation and emotion/reward during AI. Behavioral associations suggest that successful AI is an active process requiring more energy in obese but not in non-obese men. The additional required effort to increase cognitive control in response to food stimulation in obese compared with non-obese men may contribute to their uncontrolled eating behavior.
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Lopez RB, Brand J, Gilbert-Diamond D. Media Multitasking Is Associated With Higher Body Mass Index in Pre-adolescent Children. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2534. [PMID: 31798499 PMCID: PMC6863887 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates among children have climbed dramatically in the past two decades, a time period in which children also experienced greater exposure to portable media devices and smartphones. In the present study, we provide evidence of a potential link between media multitasking – using and switching between unrelated forms of digital media – and risk for obesity, as indexed by body mass index (BMI). Specifically, we recruited 179 pre-adolescent children (aged 9–11 years, 88 females) to participate in a study in which we assessed their media multitasking (MMT) tendencies, as well as BMI. Controlling for the influence of a known genetic risk factor for obesity and other covariates, including physical activity, we found a positive association between the frequency of children’s MMT behaviors and age- and sex-standardized BMI z-scores, b = 1.07, p = 0.011. These findings are consistent with other recent work showing similar patterns of covariation between MMT and risk for obesity in young adults. The present work can also inform future work in this realm, such as the design of longitudinal studies that prospectively measure children’s MMT behaviors and body composition to begin to identify directionality in the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Bard College, Red Hook, NY, United States
| | - John Brand
- Department of Epidemiology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
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Dang J, Hagger MS. Time to Set a New Research Agenda for Ego Depletion and Self-Control. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Dang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin S. Hagger
- Department of Psychologícal Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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