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Stege PB, Schokker D, Harders F, Kar SK, Stockhofe N, Perricone V, Rebel JMJ, de Jong IC, Bossers A. Diet-induced changes in the jejunal microbiota of developing broilers reduce the abundance of Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus faecium. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:627. [PMID: 38910254 PMCID: PMC11193906 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern broiler breeds allow for high feed efficiency and rapid growth, which come at a cost of increased susceptibility to pathogens and disease. Broiler growth rate, feed efficiency, and health are affected by the composition of the gut microbiota, which in turn is influenced by diet. In this study, we therefore assessed how diet composition can affect the broiler jejunal gut microbiota. A total of 96 broiler chickens were divided into four diet groups: control, coated butyrate supplementation, medium-chain fatty acid supplementation, or a high-fibre low-protein content. Diet groups were sub-divided into age groups (4, 12 and 33 days of age) resulting in groups of 8 broilers per diet per age. The jejunum content was used for metagenomic shotgun sequencing to determine the microbiota taxonomic composition at species level. The composed diets resulted in a total of 104 differentially abundant bacterial species. Most notably were the butyrate-induced changes in the jejunal microbiota of broilers 4 days post-hatch, resulting in the reduced relative abundance of mainly Enterococcus faecium (-1.8 l2fc, Padj = 9.9E-05) and the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus hirae (-2.9 l2fc, Padj = 2.7E-08), when compared to the control diet. This effect takes place during early broiler development, which is critical for broiler health, thus exemplifying the importance of how diet can influence the microbiota composition in relation to broiler health. Future studies should therefore elucidate how diet can be used to promote a beneficial microbiota in the early stages of broiler development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Stege
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.
| | - Dirkjan Schokker
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Frank Harders
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Soumya K Kar
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Norbert Stockhofe
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Vera Perricone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Johanna M J Rebel
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid C de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
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Riva F, Eckersall PD, Chadwick CC, Chadwick LC, McKeegan DEF, Peinado-Izaguerri J, Bruggeman G, Hermans D, McLaughlin M, Bain M. Identification of novel biomarkers of acute phase response in chickens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:236. [PMID: 38824607 PMCID: PMC11143708 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chicken's inflammatory response is an essential part of the bird's response to infection. A single dose of Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin can activate the acute phase response (APR) and lead to the production of acute phase proteins (APPs). In this study, the responses of established chicken APPs, Serum amyloid A (SAA) and Alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP), were compared to two novel APPs, Hemopexin (Hpx) and Extracellular fatty acid binding protein (Ex-FABP), in 15-day old broilers over a time course of 48 h post E.coli LPS challenge. We aimed to investigate and validate their role as biomarkers of an APR. Novel plant extracts, Citrus (CTS) and cucumber (CMB), were used as dietary supplements to investigate their ability to reduce the inflammatory response initiated by the endotoxin. RESULTS A significant increase of established (SAA, AGP) and novel (Ex-FABP, Hpx) APPs was detected post E.coli LPS challenge. Extracellular fatty acid binding protein (Ex-FABP) showed a similar early response to SAA post LPS challenge by increasing ~ 20-fold at 12 h post challenge (P < 0.001). Hemopexin (Hpx) showed a later response by increasing ∼5-fold at 24 h post challenge (P < 0.001) with a similar trend to AGP. No differences in APP responses were identified between diets (CTS and CMB) using any of the established or novel biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Hpx and Ex-FABP were confirmed as potential biomarkers of APR in broilers when using an E. coli LPS model along with SAA and AGP. However, no clear advantage for using either of dietary supplements to modulate the APR was identified at the dosage used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riva
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High St, Paisley, PA1 2BE, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Radoslava Cimermana, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Peter D Eckersall
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | | | - Laura C Chadwick
- Life Diagnostics, P124 Turner Lane, West Chester, PA, 19380, USA
| | - Dorothy E F McKeegan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jorge Peinado-Izaguerri
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského, Košice, 041 81, Slovakia
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - David Hermans
- Nutrition Sciences N. V, Booiebos, Ghent, B-9031, Belgium
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Maureen Bain
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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3
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Zhang J, Li D, Tian Y, Han R, Guo Y, Sun G, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Zhang X, Wang P, Kang X, Jiang R. Fasting-Induced Molting Impacts the Intestinal Health by Altering the Gut Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1640. [PMID: 38891687 PMCID: PMC11171271 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fasting-induced molting (FIM) is a common method used to improve the laying performance of aged laying hens. Nevertheless, this approach may impose various stresses on chickens, such as disruptions in intestinal flora and inflammation issues within the intestines. However, the impact of an imbalance in intestinal flora on intestinal health during the FIM process remains elusive. Therefore, intestinal injury, the microbiome, and the metabolome were analyzed individually and integrated to elucidate the impact of the intestinal flora on intestinal health during the FIM process. The findings indicated that fasting resulted in a notable reduction in villus height and villus/crypt ratio, coupled with elevated levels of intestinal inflammation and permeability. During the fasting period, microbiota compositions changed. The abundance of Escherichia_Shigella increased, while the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Lactobacillus decreased. Escherichia_Shigella was positively correlated with Citrinin and Sterobilin, which lead to intestinal inflammation. Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Lactobacillus exhibited positive correlations with Lanthionine and reduced Glutathione, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation. This study screened the intestinal probiotics, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013 and Lactobacillus, that influence gut health during the fasting period, providing an experimental basis for improving gut microbiota and reducing intestinal inflammation during the FIM process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yujie Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinlong Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Longchuphon M, Chongrattanameteekul P, Mektrirat R, Sringarm K, Tapingkae W, Srinual O, Huanhong K, Chaiphun W, Arjin C, Jaturasitha S, Lumsangkul C. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Extract for Promoting Flock Health and Performance in Late-Phase Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:515. [PMID: 38338157 PMCID: PMC10854664 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of Caesalpinia sappan Linn Extract (CSE) on the health and productive performance of late-phase laying hens on farms. Proximate composition and antioxidant markers of CSE powder revealed favorable characteristics with high total dry matter; phenolic content, and antioxidant potency. Three hundred and sixty (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown hens were divided into five groups with 0 (control diet), 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg CSE, respectively. The laying performance and egg quality of the CSE supplementation groups demonstrated significant improvements in egg weight and albumin weight (p < 0.05), and a tendency for enhanced egg mass and feed conversion ratio. Additionally, the intestinal morphostructural indices in the 2000 mg CSE/kg diet group showed the greatest statistical significance (p < 0.05), with a detectable trend suggesting an increase in the villus height to crypt depth ratio. In addition, significant downregulation of proinflammatory genes occurred in their liver tissues, coupled with a greater expression of genes linked to antioxidants and anti-inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the blood biochemical parameters and the organ weights may suggest a favorable safety profile of CSE supplementation. These findings highlight the potential of CSE as a dietary supplement to enhance the productive performance and flock health of late-phase laying hens. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and optimal dosage of CSE supplementation for laying hens in farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methisa Longchuphon
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Peerawit Chongrattanameteekul
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Research Center for Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Research Unit for Innovation in Responsible Food Production for Consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wanaporn Tapingkae
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Kiattisak Huanhong
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Wipasiri Chaiphun
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Chaiwat Arjin
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.L.); (K.S.); (W.T.); (O.S.); (K.H.); (W.C.); (C.A.)
- Research Unit for Innovation in Responsible Food Production for Consumption of the Future (RIFF), Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
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5
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Wu M, Zuo S, Maiorano G, Kosobucki P, Stadnicka K. How to employ metabolomic analysis to research on functions of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry gut health? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1040434. [PMID: 36452931 PMCID: PMC9701725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut health can be considered one of the major, manageable constituents of the animal immunity and performance. The fast spread of intestinal diseases, and increase of antimicrobial resistance have been observed, therefore the intestinal health has become not only economically relevant, but also highly important subject addressing the interest of public health. It is expected, that the strategies to control infections should be based on development of natural immunity in animals and producing resilient flocks using natural solutions, whilst eliminating antibiotics and veterinary medicinal products from action. Probiotics and prebiotics have been favored, because they have potential to directly or indirectly optimize intestinal health by manipulating the metabolism of the intestinal tract, including the microbiota. Studying the metabolome of probiotics and gut environment, both in vivo, or using the in vitro models, is required to attain the scientific understanding about the functions of bioactive compounds in development of gut health and life lasting immunity. There is a practical need to identify new metabolites being the key bioactive agents regulating biochemical pathways of systems associated with gut (gut-associated axes). Technological advancement in metabolomics studies, and increasing access to the powerful analytical platforms have paved a way to implement metabolomics in exploration of the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on the intestinal health of poultry. In this article, the basic principles of metabolomics in research involving probiotics and probiotics are introduced, together with the overview of existing strategies and suggestions of their use to study metabolome in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Wu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Sanling Zuo
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Maiorano
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Przemysław Kosobucki
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stadnicka
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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6
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Cardeal PC, Araújo ICS, Vaz DP, Abreu ARC, Melo ÉF, Saldanha MM, Pompeu MA, Lara LJC. Short communication: Effects of breeder age and pre-placement feed on IgY concentration in egg yolk and chick serum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:561-565. [PMID: 34231928 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breeder age and pre-placement feed are factors that can affect broiler performance during grow out. This study evaluated the effects of breeder age (29 and 55 weeks old) on IgY transference to egg yolk in addition to the effects of breeder age (29 and 55 weeks old) and pre-placement feed (with or without), in a factorial arrangement, on IgY concentration in chick serum. Forty-eight eggs were collected from a breeder flock and considered the experimental units. Eighteen chicks from each breeder age were randomly selected to determine IgY at pulling. After 48 h of placement, old breeders had greater egg weight and yolk weight (p ≤ 0.05) than the young ones. Breeder age (p > 0.05) had no effect on IgY concentration of egg yolk. Breeder age (p > 0.05) had no effect on IgY concentration of chick serum at pulling. There was no interaction (p > 0.05) between breeder age and pre-placement feed for IgY concentration of chick serum at housing. There was also no effect of breeder age or pre-placement feed during placement time (48 h) on IgY concentration of chick serum at housing (p > 0.05). In conclusion, 48 h of fasting had no effect on IgY concentration in chick serum despite breeder age. It appears that the immunoglobulins from the residual yolk sac are not used as a protein source during the period between hatching and housing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diego Pereira Vaz
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anna Rosa Chagas Abreu
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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7
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Dunislawska A, Herosimczyk A, Lepczynski A, Slama P, Slawinska A, Bednarczyk M, Siwek M. Molecular Response in Intestinal and Immune Tissues to in Ovo Administration of Inulin and the Combination of Inulin and Lactobacillus lactis Subsp. cremoris. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:632476. [PMID: 33614758 PMCID: PMC7886801 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.632476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota are a key factor in maintaining good health and production results in chickens. They play an important role in the stimulation of immune responses, as well as in metabolic processes and nutrient digestion. Bioactive substances such as prebiotics, probiotics, or a combination of the two (synbiotic) can effectively stimulate intestinal microbiota and therefore replace antibiotic growth promoters. Intestinal microbiota might be stimulated at the early stage of embryo development in ovo. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of genes related to energy metabolism and immune response after the administration of inulin and a synbiotic, in which lactic acid bacteria were combined with inulin in the intestines and immune tissues of chicken broilers. The experiment was performed on male broiler chickens. Eggs were incubated for 21 days in a commercial hatchery. On day 12 of egg incubation, inulin as a prebiotic and inulin with Lactobacillus lactis subsp. cremoris as a synbiotic were delivered to the egg chamber. The control group was injected with physiological saline. On day 35 post-hatching, birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed. Tissues (spleen, cecal tonsils, and large intestine) were collected and intended for RNA isolation. The gene panel (ABCG8, HNF4A, ACOX2, APBB1IP, BRSK2, APOA1, and IRS2) was selected based on the microarray dataset and biological functions of genes related to the energy metabolism and immune responses. Isolated RNA was analyzed using the RT-qPCR method, and the relative gene expression was calculated. In our experiment, distinct effects of prebiotics and synbiotics following in ovo delivery were manifested in all analyzed tissues, with the lowest number of genes with altered expression shown in the large intestines of broilers. The results demonstrated that prebiotics or synbiotics provide a potent stimulation of gene expression in the spleen and cecal tonsils of broiler chickens. The overall number of gene expression levels and the magnitude of their changes in the spleen and cecal tonsils were higher in the group of synbiotic chickens compared to the prebiotic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Dunislawska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology, and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Adam Lepczynski
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology, and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Petr Slama
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Anna Slawinska
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Maria Siwek
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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