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Park SC, Wiest MJ, Yan V, Wong PT, Schotsaert M. Induction of protective immune responses at respiratory mucosal sites. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2368288. [PMID: 38953250 PMCID: PMC11221474 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2368288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens enter the host through mucosal sites. Thus, interfering with pathogen entry through local neutralization at mucosal sites therefore is an effective strategy for preventing disease. Mucosally administered vaccines have the potential to induce protective immune responses at mucosal sites. This manuscript delves into some of the latest developments in mucosal vaccination, particularly focusing on advancements in adjuvant technologies and the role of these adjuvants in enhancing vaccine efficacy against respiratory pathogens. It highlights the anatomical and immunological complexities of the respiratory mucosal immune system, emphasizing the significance of mucosal secretory IgA and tissue-resident memory T cells in local immune responses. We further discuss the differences between immune responses induced through traditional parenteral vaccination approaches vs. mucosal administration strategies, and explore the protective advantages offered by immunization through mucosal routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wiest
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vivian Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pamela T. Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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van der Plas JL, Haijema BJ, Leenhouts K, Paul Zoeteweij J, Burggraaf J, Kamerling IMC. Safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine adjuvanted with gram-positive matrix (GEM) particles (FluGEM): A randomized, double-blind, controlled, ascending dose study in healthy adults and elderly. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00370-0. [PMID: 38772837 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal administration of respiratory vaccines offers many advantages such as eliciting both systemic and mucosal immunity at the point of viral entry. Immunogenicity of intranasal vaccination can be improved through the use of adjuvants. Bacteria-like particles derived fromLactococcus lactishave the potential to serve as a vaccine adjuvant.This clinical study investigated the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of intranasal seasonal influenza vaccine adjuvanted with gram-positive matrix particles (FluGEM®). METHODS This was a first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, controlled, dose-escalation study performed at the Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), the Netherlands. Participants aged 18-49 were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to receive FluGem® in ascending doses (two-dose regimens) together with a standard trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine or unadjuvanted TIV only. Primary outcomes were safety and tolerability. Secondary outcomes were serum hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers and mucosal IgA. The most immunogenic dose was used in an additionalelderly cohort (>65 years). RESULTS Ninty participants were included. Intranasal FluGem®was safe and well tolerated. The majority of adverse events were mild (97.4 %) with (un)solicited adverse events comparable across all dose levels and control groups. All groups showed geometric mean increases ≥ 2.5-fold. Seroconversion (≥40 % participants) was achieved at both day 21 (single-dose) and 42 (two-dose) for the 1.25 mg dose and on day 42 (two-dose only) for the 2.5 mg dose. Highest geometric mean IgA increases were observed in the 1.25 mg group on day 21. Immunogenicity was less pronounced in elderly. CONCLUSIONS Intranasal vaccination of FluGEM®was safe and tolerable in healthy adult volunteers aged 18-49 years and 65 and older. Highest immunogenicity was observed for 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg doses (compared to 5 mg) suggesting a potential non-linear dose-response relationship.More research is needed to further investigate the capabilities of bacteria-like peptides as adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan L van der Plas
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Bert-Jan Haijema
- Mucosis B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; 3D-PharmXchange, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Leenhouts
- Mucosis B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands; Allero Therapeutics B.V., Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M C Kamerling
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Tada R, Nagai Y, Ogasawara M, Saito M, Ohshima A, Yamanaka D, Kunisawa J, Adachi Y, Negishi Y. Polymeric Caffeic Acid Acts as an Antigen Delivery Carrier for Mucosal Vaccine Formulation by Forming a Complex with an Antigenic Protein. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:449. [PMID: 38793700 PMCID: PMC11126084 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of mucosal vaccines, which can generate antigen-specific immune responses in both the systemic and mucosal compartments, has been recognized as an effective strategy for combating infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes. Our recent research has focused on creating a nasal vaccine system in mice using enzymatically polymerized caffeic acid (pCA). However, we do not yet understand the molecular mechanisms by which pCA stimulates antigen-specific mucosal immune responses. In this study, we hypothesized that pCA might activate mucosal immunity at the site of administration based on our previous findings that pCA possesses immune-activating properties. However, contrary to our initial hypothesis, the intranasal administration of pCA did not enhance the expression of various genes involved in mucosal immune responses, including the enhancement of IgA responses. Therefore, we investigated whether pCA forms a complex with antigenic proteins and enhances antigen delivery to mucosal dendritic cells located in the lamina propria beneath the mucosal epithelial layer. Data from gel filtration chromatography indicated that pCA forms a complex with the antigenic protein ovalbumin (OVA). Furthermore, we examined the promotion of OVA delivery to nasal mucosal dendritic cells (mDCs) after the intranasal administration of pCA in combination with OVA and found that OVA uptake by mDCs was increased. Therefore, the data from gel filtration chromatography and flow cytometry imply that pCA enhances antigen-specific antibody production in both mucosal and systemic compartments by serving as an antigen-delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuzuho Nagai
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Miki Ogasawara
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Momoko Saito
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Akihiro Ohshima
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (Y.N.)
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.A.)
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki 567-0085, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Adachi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (D.Y.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan; (Y.N.); (M.O.); (M.S.); (A.O.); (Y.N.)
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Sinha D, Yaugel-Novoa M, Waeckel L, Paul S, Longet S. Unmasking the potential of secretory IgA and its pivotal role in protection from respiratory viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105823. [PMID: 38331200 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucosal immunity has regained its spotlight amidst the ongoing Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, with numerous studies highlighting the crucial role of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) in protection against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 or SARS-CoV-2 infections. The observed limitations in the efficacy of currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines in inducing effective mucosal immune responses remind us of the limitations of systemic vaccination in promoting protective mucosal immunity. This resurgence of interest has motivated the development of vaccine platforms capable of enhancing mucosal responses, specifically the SIgA response, and the development of IgA-based therapeutics. Recognizing viral respiratory infections as a global threat, we would like to comprehensively review the existing knowledge on mucosal immunity, with a particular emphasis on SIgA, in the context of SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) infections. This review aims to describe the structural and functional specificities of SIgA, along with its nuanced role in combating influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Subsequent sections further elaborate promising vaccine strategies, including mucosal vaccines against Influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses, currently undergoing preclinical and clinical development. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with mucosal vaccine development, concluding with a discussion on IgA-based therapeutics as a promising platform for the treatment of viral respiratory infections. This comprehensive review not only synthesizes current insights into mucosal immunity but also identifies critical knowledge gaps, strengthening the way for further advancements in our current understanding and approaches to combat respiratory viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sinha
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louis Waeckel
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France; Immunology Department, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France; CIC 1408 Inserm Vaccinology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, F42055, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Stéphanie Longet
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Team GIMAP, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, F42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
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Song Y, Mehl F, Zeichner SL. Vaccine Strategies to Elicit Mucosal Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:191. [PMID: 38400174 PMCID: PMC10892965 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are essential tools to prevent infection and control transmission of infectious diseases that threaten public health. Most infectious agents enter their hosts across mucosal surfaces, which make up key first lines of host defense against pathogens. Mucosal immune responses play critical roles in host immune defense to provide durable and better recall responses. Substantial attention has been focused on developing effective mucosal vaccines to elicit robust localized and systemic immune responses by administration via mucosal routes. Mucosal vaccines that elicit effective immune responses yield protection superior to parenterally delivered vaccines. Beyond their valuable immunogenicity, mucosal vaccines can be less expensive and easier to administer without a need for injection materials and more highly trained personnel. However, developing effective mucosal vaccines faces many challenges, and much effort has been directed at their development. In this article, we review the history of mucosal vaccine development and present an overview of mucosal compartment biology and the roles that mucosal immunity plays in defending against infection, knowledge that has helped inform mucosal vaccine development. We explore new progress in mucosal vaccine design and optimization and novel approaches created to improve the efficacy and safety of mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Song
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
| | - Frances Mehl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
| | - Steven L. Zeichner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (Y.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Pagliari S, Dema B, Sanchez-Martinez A, Montalvo Zurbia-Flores G, Rollier CS. DNA Vaccines: History, Molecular Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168297. [PMID: 37797831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The history of DNA vaccine began as early as the 1960s with the discovery that naked DNA can transfect mammalian cells in vivo. In 1992, the evidence that such transfection could lead to the generation of antigen-specific antibody responses was obtained and supported the development of this technology as a novel vaccine platform. The technology then attracted immense interest and high hopes in vaccinology, as evidence of high immunogenicity and protection against virulent challenges accumulated from several animal models for several diseases. In particular, the capacity to induce T-cell responses was unprecedented in non-live vaccines. However, the technology suffered its major knock when the success in animals failed to translate to humans, where DNA vaccine candidates were shown to be safe but remained poorly immunogenic, or not associated with clinical benefit. Thanks to a thorough exploration of the molecular mechanisms of action of these vaccines, an impressive range of approaches have been and are currently being explored to overcome this major challenge. Despite limited success so far in humans as compared with later genetic vaccine technologies such as viral vectors and mRNA, DNA vaccines are not yet optimised for human use and may still realise their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthefany Pagliari
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Dema
- Pandemic Science Institute, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Christine S Rollier
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Gilfillan D, Vilander AC, Pan M, Goh YJ, O’Flaherty S, Feng N, Fox BE, Lang C, Greenberg HB, Abdo Z, Barrangou R, Dean GA. Lactobacillus acidophilus Expressing Murine Rotavirus VP8 and Mucosal Adjuvants Induce Virus-Specific Immune Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1774. [PMID: 38140179 PMCID: PMC10747613 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus diarrhea-associated illness remains a major cause of global death in children under five, attributable in part to discrepancies in vaccine performance between high- and low-middle-income countries. Next-generation probiotic vaccines could help bridge this efficacy gap. We developed a novel recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus (rLA) vaccine expressing rotavirus antigens of the VP8* domain from the rotavirus EDIM VP4 capsid protein along with the adjuvants FimH and FliC. The upp-based counterselective gene-replacement system was used to chromosomally integrate FimH, VP8Pep (10 amino acid epitope), and VP8-1 (206 amino acid protein) into the L. acidophilus genome, with FliC expressed from a plasmid. VP8 antigen and adjuvant expression were confirmed by flow cytometry and Western blot. Rotavirus naïve adult BALB/cJ mice were orally immunized followed by murine rotavirus strain ECWT viral challenge. Antirotavirus serum IgG and antigen-specific antibody-secreting cell responses were detected in rLA-vaccinated mice. A day after the oral rotavirus challenge, fecal antigen shedding was significantly decreased in the rLA group. These results indicate that novel rLA constructs expressing VP8 can be successfully constructed and used to generate modest homotypic protection from rotavirus challenge in an adult murine model, indicating the potential for a probiotic next-generation vaccine construct against human rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darby Gilfillan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Allison C. Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Meichen Pan
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.P.); (Y.J.G.); (S.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Yong Jun Goh
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.P.); (Y.J.G.); (S.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Sarah O’Flaherty
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.P.); (Y.J.G.); (S.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Ningguo Feng
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (H.B.G.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Bridget E. Fox
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Callie Lang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Harry B. Greenberg
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (H.B.G.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zaid Abdo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
| | - Rodolphe Barrangou
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (M.P.); (Y.J.G.); (S.O.); (R.B.)
| | - Gregg A. Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (D.G.); (A.C.V.); (B.E.F.); (C.L.); (Z.A.)
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Tada R, Yamazaki H, Nagai Y, Takeda Y, Ohshima A, Kunisawa J, Negishi Y. Intranasal administration of sodium nitroprusside augments antigen-specific mucosal and systemic antibody production in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110262. [PMID: 37150015 PMCID: PMC10161703 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by a highly virulent and transmissible pathogen, has profoundly impacted global society. One approach to combat infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microbes is using mucosal vaccines, which can induce antigen-specific immune responses at both the mucosal and systemic sites. Despite its potential, the clinical implementation of mucosal vaccination is hampered by the lack of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants. Therefore, developing safe and effective mucosal adjuvants is essential for the fight against infectious diseases and the widespread clinical use of mucosal vaccines. In this study, we demonstrated the potent mucosal adjuvant effects of intranasal administration of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a known nitric oxide (NO) donor, in mice. The results showed that intranasal administration of ovalbumin (OVA) in combination with SNP induced the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin A in the mucosa and increased serum immunoglobulin G1 levels, indicating a T helper-2 (Th2)-type immune response. However, an analog of SNP, sodium ferrocyanide, which does not generate NO, failed to show any adjuvant effects, suggesting the critical role of NO generation in activating an immune response. In addition, SNPs facilitated the delivery of antigens to the lamina propria, where antigen-presenting cells are located, when co-administered with antigens, and also transiently elicited the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 in nasal tissue. These result suggest that SNP is a dual-functional formulation with antigen delivery capabilities to the lamina propria and the capacity to activate innate immunity. In summary, these results demonstrate the ability of SNP to induce immune responses via an antigen-specific Th2-type response, making it a promising candidate for further development as a mucosal vaccine formulation against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Haruka Yamazaki
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuzuho Nagai
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yukino Takeda
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohshima
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8, Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan; International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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Rhee JH, Khim K, Puth S, Choi Y, Lee SE. Deimmunization of flagellin adjuvant for clinical application. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 60:101330. [PMID: 37084463 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin is the cognate ligand for host pattern recognition receptors, toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in the cell surface, and NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome in the cytosol. TLR5-binding domain is located in D1 domain, where crucial amino acid sequences are conserved among diverse bacteria. The highly conserved C-terminal 35 amino acids of flagellin were proved to be responsible for the inflammasome activation by binding to NAIP5. D2/D3 domains, located in the central region and exposed to the outside surface of flagellar filament, are heterogeneous across bacterial species and highly immunogenic. Taking advantage of TLR5- and NLRC4-stimulating activities, flagellin has been actively developed as a vaccine adjuvant and immunotherapeutic. Because of its immunogenicity, there exist worries concerning diminished efficacy and possible reactogenicity after repeated administration. Deimmunization of flagellin derivatives while preserving the TLR5/NLRC4-mediated immunomodulatory activity should be the most reasonable option for clinical application. This review describes strategies and current achievements in flagellin deimmunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Koemchhoy Khim
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sao Puth
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Choi
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea; Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
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10
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Yi EJ, Kim YI, Song JH, Ko HJ, Chang SY. Intranasal immunization with curdlan induce Th17 responses and enhance protection against enterovirus 71. Vaccine 2023; 41:2243-2252. [PMID: 36863926 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are in contact with the external environment and protect the body from infection by various microbes. To prevent infectious diseases at the first line of defense, the establishment of pathogen-specific mucosal immunity by mucosal vaccine delivery is needed. Curdlan, a 1,3-β-glucan has a strong immunostimulatory effect when delivered as a vaccine adjuvant. Here, we investigated whether intranasal administration of curdlan and antigen (Ag) could induce sufficient mucosal immune responses and protect against viral infections. Intranasal co-administration of curdlan and OVA increased OVA-specific IgG and IgA Abs in both serum and mucosal secretions. In addition, intranasal co-administration of curdlan and OVA induced the differentiation of OVA-specific Th1/Th17 cells in the draining lymph nodes. To investigate the protective immunity of curdlan against viral infection, intranasal co-administration of curdlan with recombinant VP1 of EV71 C4a was administered and showed enhanced protection against enterovirus 71 in a passive serum transfer model using neonatal hSCARB2 mice, although intranasal administration of VP1 plus curdlan increased VP1-specific helper T cells responses but not mucosal IgA. Next, Mongolian gerbils were intranasally immunized with curdlan plus VP1, and they had effective protection against EV71 C4a infection, while decreasing viral infection and tissue damage by inducing Th17 responses. These results indicated that intranasal curdlan with Ag improved Ag-specific protective immunity by enhancing mucosal IgA and Th17 against viral infection. Our results suggest that curdlan is an advantageous candidate as a mucosal adjuvant and delivery vehicle for the development of mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Je Yi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-In Kim
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; AI-Superconvergence KIURI Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Chang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Ou B, Yang Y, Lv H, Lin X, Zhang M. Current Progress and Challenges in the Study of Adjuvants for Oral Vaccines. BioDrugs 2023; 37:143-180. [PMID: 36607488 PMCID: PMC9821375 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-022-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, a variety of potential adjuvants have been studied to enhance the effect of oral vaccines in the intestinal mucosal immune system; however, no licensed adjuvant for clinical application in oral vaccines is available. In this review, we systematically updated the research progress of oral vaccine adjuvants over the past 2 decades, including biogenic adjuvants, non-biogenic adjuvants, and their multi-type composite adjuvant materials, and introduced their immune mechanisms of adjuvanticity, aiming at providing theoretical basis for developing feasible and effective adjuvants for oral vaccines. Based on these insights, we briefly discussed the challenges in the development of oral vaccine adjuvants and prospects for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingming Ou
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Haihui Lv
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Xin Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Minyu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China. .,School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Liu J, Yan XD, Li XQ, Du YH, Zhu LL, Ye TT, Cao ZY, Dong ZW, Li ST, Xu X, Bai W, Li D, Zhang JW, Wang SJ, Li SH, Sun J, Yin XZ. Chrysanthemum sporopollenin: A novel vaccine delivery system for nasal mucosal immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1132129. [PMID: 36845130 PMCID: PMC9947463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mucosal immunization was an effective defender against pathogens. Nasal vaccines could activate both systemic and mucosal immunity to trigger protective immune responses. However, due to the weak immunogenicity of nasal vaccines and the lack of appropriate antigen carriers, very few nasal vaccines have been clinically approved for human use, which was a major barrier to the development of nasal vaccines. Plant-derived adjuvants are promising candidates for vaccine delivery systems due to their relatively safe immunogenic properties. In particular, the distinctive structure of pollen was beneficial to the stability and retention of antigen in the nasal mucosa. Methods Herein, a novel wild-type chrysanthemum sporopollenin vaccine delivery system loaded with a w/o/w emulsion containing squalane and protein antigen was fabricated. The unique internal cavities and the rigid external walls within the sporopollenin skeleton construction could preserve and stabilize the inner proteins. The external morphological characteristics were suitable for nasal mucosal administration with high adhesion and retention. Results Secretory IgA antibodies in the nasal mucosa can be induced by the w/o/w emulsion with the chrysanthemum sporopollenin vaccine delivery system. Moreover, the nasal adjuvants produce a stronger humoral response (IgA and IgG) compared to squalene emulsion adjuvant. Mucosal adjuvant benefited primarily from prolongation of antigens in the nasal cavity, improvement of antigen penetration in the submucosa and promotion of CD8+ T cells in spleen. Disccusion Based on effective delivering both the adjuvant and the antigen, the increase of protein antigen stability and the realization of mucosal retention, the chrysanthemum sporopollenin vaccine delivery system has the potential to be a promising adjuvant platform. This work provide a novel idea for the fabrication of protein-mucosal delivery vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Ji-Wen Zhang laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Yan
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xian-Qiang Li
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu-Hao Du
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tian-Tian Ye
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ze-Ying Cao
- Ji-Wen Zhang laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Wen Dong
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu-Tao Li
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Xu
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Li
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji-Wen Zhang
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Ji-Wen Zhang laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wang
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shan-Hu Li
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Fengtai, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Pharmacy laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xian-Zhen Yin
- Ji-Wen Zhang laboratory, Center for Drug Delivery System, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
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13
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Rapid and Highly Efficient Genetic Transformation and Application of Interleukin-17B Expressed in Duckweed as Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121881. [PMID: 36551310 PMCID: PMC9775668 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular farming utilizes plants as a platform for producing recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Duckweed, the smallest and fastest growing aquatic plant, is a promising candidate for molecular farming. However, the efficiency of current transformation methods is generally not high in duckweed. Here, we developed a fast and efficient transformation procedure in Lemna minor ZH0403, requiring 7-8 weeks from screening calluses to transgenic plants with a stable transformation efficiency of 88% at the DNA level and 86% at the protein level. We then used this transformation system to produce chicken interleukin-17B (chIL-17B). The plant-produced chIL-17B activated the NF-κB pathway, JAK-STAT pathway, and their downstream cytokines in DF-1 cells. Furthermore, we administrated chIL-17B transgenic duckweed orally as an immunoadjuvant with mucosal vaccine against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chickens. Both IBV-specific antibody titer and the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were significantly higher in the group fed with chIL-17B transgenic plant. This indicates that the duckweed-produced chIL-17B enhanced the humoral and mucosal immune responses. Moreover, chickens fed with chIL-17B transgenic plant demonstrated the lowest viral loads in different tissues among all groups. Our work suggests that cytokines are a promising adjuvant for mucosal vaccination through the oral route. Our work also demonstrates the potential of duckweed in molecular farming.
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Development and Evaluation of a Novel Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Phytosome for Nasal Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102000. [PMID: 36297436 PMCID: PMC9612344 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to formulate diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG) into phytosomes (DG-P) to induce nasal immune responses and enhance absorption. Plackett- Burman design was used for process optimization, incorporating specific formulation and process variables to obtain the optimal parameters. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray power diffraction (P-XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for characterization. The adjuvant activity of the DG-P was evaluated by using bone marrow dendritic cells. In vitro nasal mucosal permeation and in situ nasal perfusion were also investigated to evaluate nasal absorption. The DG phytosomes were in the size range of 20~30 nm and zeta-potential range of −30~−40 mV. DG-P demonstrated 4.2-fold increased solubility in n-octanol. Coculturing bone marrow dendritic cells with DG-P led to enhanced dendritic cell maturation. Apparent permeability coefficient of the phytosomal formulation was almost four times higher than that of free DG determined by ex vivo permeation studies on excised porcine mucosa. In situ nasal perfusion studies in rats demonstrated that the nasal absorption of DG-P was significantly higher than that of free DG. Conclusively, the results confirmed that DG-P have potential for use as an adjuvant for nasal vaccine.
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15
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Surface Modification of Biodegradable Microparticles with the Novel Host-Derived Immunostimulant CPDI-02 Significantly Increases Short-Term and Long-Term Mucosal and Systemic Antibodies against Encapsulated Protein Antigen in Young Naïve Mice after Respiratory Immunization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091843. [PMID: 36145590 PMCID: PMC9502690 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating long-lived mucosal and systemic antibodies through respiratory immunization with protective antigens encapsulated in nanoscale biodegradable particles could potentially decrease or eliminate the incidence of many infectious diseases, but requires the incorporation of a suitable mucosal immunostimulant. We previously found that respiratory immunization with a model protein antigen (LPS-free OVA) encapsulated in PLGA 50:50 nanoparticles (~380 nm diameter) surface-modified with complement peptide-derived immunostimulant 02 (CPDI-02; formerly EP67) through 2 kDa PEG linkers increases mucosal and systemic OVA-specific memory T-cells with long-lived surface phenotypes in young, naïve female C57BL/6 mice. Here, we determined if respiratory immunization with LPS-free OVA encapsulated in similar PLGA 50:50 microparticles (~1 μm diameter) surface-modified with CPDI-02 (CPDI-02-MP) increases long-term OVA-specific mucosal and systemic antibodies. We found that, compared to MP surface-modified with inactive, scrambled scCPDI-02 (scCPDI-02-MP), intranasal administration of CPDI-02-MP in 50 μL sterile PBS greatly increased titers of short-term (14 days post-immunization) and long-term (90 days post-immunization) antibodies against encapsulated LPS-free OVA in nasal lavage fluids, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and sera of young, naïve female C57BL/6 mice with minimal lung inflammation. Thus, surface modification of ~1 μm biodegradable microparticles with CPDI-02 is likely to increase long-term mucosal and systemic antibodies against encapsulated protein antigen after respiratory and possibly other routes of mucosal immunization.
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16
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Recent progress in application of nanovaccines for enhancing mucosal immune responses. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Correa VA, Portilho AI, De Gaspari E. Vaccines, Adjuvants and Key Factors for Mucosal Immune Response. Immunology 2022; 167:124-138. [PMID: 35751397 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective tool to control infectious diseases, which provoke significant morbidity and mortality. Most vaccines are administered through the parenteral route and can elicit a robust systemic humoral response, but they induce a weak T-cell-mediated immunity and are poor inducers of mucosal protection. Considering that most pathogens enter the body through mucosal surfaces, a vaccine that elicits protection in the first site of contact between the host and the pathogen is promising. However, despite the advantages of mucosal vaccines as good options to confer protection on the mucosal surface, only a few mucosal vaccines are currently approved. In this review, we discuss the impact of vaccine administration in different mucosal surfaces; how appropriate adjuvants enhance the induction of protective mucosal immunity and other factors that can influence the mucosal immune response to vaccines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Araujo Correa
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Izeli Portilho
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Immunology Center, Av Dr Arnaldo, 355, 11th floor, room 1116, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,São Paulo University, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Graduate Program Interunits in Biotechnology, Av Prof Lineu Prestes, 2415, ICB III, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tada R, Honjo E, Muto S, Takayama N, Kiyono H, Kunisawa J, Negishi Y. Role of Interleukin-6 in the Antigen-Specific Mucosal Immunoglobulin A Responses Induced by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide-Loaded Cationic Liposomes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12060635. [PMID: 35736342 PMCID: PMC9228571 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12060635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An advantage of mucosal vaccines over conventional parenteral vaccines is that they can induce protective immune responses not only at mucosal surfaces but also in systemic compartments. Despite this advantage, few live attenuated or inactivated mucosal vaccines have been developed and applied clinically. We recently showed that the intranasal immunization of ovalbumin (OVA) with class B synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing immunostimulatory CpG motif (CpG ODN)-loaded cationic liposomes synergistically exerted both antigen-specific mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and systemic immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses in mice. However, the mechanism underlying the mucosal adjuvant activity of CpG ODN-loaded liposomes remains unknown. In the present study, we showed that the intranasal administration of CpG ODN-loaded cationic liposomes elicited interleukin (IL)-6 release in nasal tissues. Additionally, pre-treatment with an anti-IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody attenuated antigen-specific nasal IgA production but not serum IgG responses. Furthermore, the intranasal administration of OVA and CpG ODN-loaded cationic liposomes increased the number of IgA+/CD138+ plasma cells and IgA+/B220+ B cells in the nasal passages. This increase was markedly suppressed by pre-treatment with anti-IL-6R blocking antibody. In conclusion, IL-6 released by CpG ODN-loaded cationic liposomes at the site of administration may play a role in the induction of antigen-specific IgA responses by promoting differentiation into IgA+ plasma cells for IgA secretion from B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (E.H.); (S.M.); nori-k0123_suns-@hotmail.co.jp (N.T.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-676-3219
| | - Emi Honjo
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (E.H.); (S.M.); nori-k0123_suns-@hotmail.co.jp (N.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Shoko Muto
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (E.H.); (S.M.); nori-k0123_suns-@hotmail.co.jp (N.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Noriko Takayama
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (E.H.); (S.M.); nori-k0123_suns-@hotmail.co.jp (N.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (H.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; (H.K.); (J.K.)
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (E.H.); (S.M.); nori-k0123_suns-@hotmail.co.jp (N.T.); (Y.N.)
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Intranasal immunization with a proteosome-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-based vaccine is immunogenic and efficacious in mice and hamsters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9772. [PMID: 35697917 PMCID: PMC9191540 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the emergence of novel variants, the development of novel vaccine formulations with enhanced immunogenicity profiles could help reduce disease burden in the future. Intranasally delivered vaccines offer a new modality to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections through the induction of protective immune responses at the mucosal surface where viral entry occurs. Herein, we evaluated a novel protein subunit vaccine formulation containing a resistin-trimerized prefusion Spike antigen (SmT1v3) and a proteosome-based mucosal adjuvant (BDX301) formulated to enable intranasal immunization. In mice, the formulation induced robust antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers, in the blood and lungs, respectively. In addition, the formulations were highly efficacious in a hamster challenge model, reducing viral load and body weight loss. In both models, the serum antibodies had strong neutralizing activity, preventing the cellular binding of the viral Spike protein based on the ancestral reference strain, the Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variants of concern. As such, this intranasal vaccine formulation warrants further development as a novel SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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20
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Chen C, Zu S, Zhang D, Zhao Z, Ji Y, Xi H, Shan X, Qian A, Han W, Gu J. Oral vaccination with recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing Aha1 fused with CTB as an adjuvant against Aeromonas veronii in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:114. [PMID: 35698139 PMCID: PMC9191526 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is a pathogenic that can infect human, animal and aquatic organisms, in which poses a huge threat to the health of many aquatic organisms such as Cyprinus carpio. In this study, Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) strain CC16 was used as antigen deliver carrier and fused with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as an adjuvant to construct the recombinant L. casei pPG-Aha1/Lc CC16(surface-displayed) and pPG-Aha1-CTB/Lc CC16(surface-displayed) expressing Aha1 protein of A. veronii, respectively. And the immune responses in Cyprinus carpio by oral route was explored. Our results demonstrated that the recombinant strains could stimulate high serum specific antibody immunoglobulin M (IgM) and induce a stronger acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), C3, C4, lysozyme (LZM), Lectin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in Cyprinus carpio compared with control groups. Meanwhile, the expression of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), immunoglobulin Z1 (IgZ1) and immunoglobulin Z2 (IgZ2) in the tissues were significantly upregulated compared with Lc-pPG or PBS groups, indicating that humoral and cell immune response were triggered. Additionally, recombinant L. casei could survive and colonize in fish intestine. Significantly, recombinant L. casei provides immune protection against A. veronii infection, which Cyprinus carpio received pPG-Aha1-CTB/Lc CC16 (64.29%) and pPG-Aha1/Lc CC16 (53.57%) had higher survival rates compared with the controls. Thus, we demonstrated that recombinant pPG-Aha1/Lc CC16 and pPG-Aha1-CTB/Lc CC16 may be the promising strategy for the development of an oral vaccine against A. veronii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Zu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Zelin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Yalu Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyu Xi
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingmin Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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21
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An all-in-one adjuvanted therapeutic cancer vaccine targeting dendritic cell cytosol induces long-lived tumor suppression through NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Lin X, Sheng Y, Zhang X, Li Z, Yang Y, Wu J, Su Z, Ma G, Zhang S. Oil-in-ionic liquid nanoemulsion-based intranasal delivery system for influenza split-virus vaccine. J Control Release 2022; 346:380-391. [PMID: 35483639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective antigen delivery and immune stimulation in nasal mucosa determine the success of mucosal immunity. Here, an oil-in-ionic liquid (o/IL) nanoemulsion formulated with choline and niacin IL ([Cho][Nic]), squalene, and Tween 80 surfactant is explored as a vaccine delivery system for intranasal mucosal immunization. Compared to the o/w emulsion counterpart without the ILs, the o/IL manoemulsion showed a reduced and more uniform size of approximately 168 nm and significantly improved stability. Studies in mice model showed that when was used as an intranasal vaccine delivery system for influenza split-virus antigens, the antigens in the o/IL nanoemulsion induced strong mucosal immune responses with secretory IgA titers 25- and 5.8-fold higher than those of naked and commercial MF59-adjuvanted antigens, respectively. The o/IL nanoemulsion system also induced stronger systemic humoral responses. The excellent mucosal adjuvant effects of the o/IL nanoemulsion mainly benefited from the prolonged retention of antigens in the nasal cavity, enhanced antigen permeation into the submucosa, and the consequently promoted proliferation of CD11b cells and CD4+ T cells in nasal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Moreover, when used as an injection adjuvant, the o/IL nanoemulsion also induced stronger humoral immune responses than MF59. Thus, the [Cho][Nic]-based o/IL nanoemulsion vaccine delivery system can serve as a promising adjuvant platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yanan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Yanli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Songping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
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23
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Wei J, Hegde VL, Yanamandra AV, O'Hara MP, Keegan B, Jones KM, Strych U, Bottazzi ME, Zhan B, Sastry KJ, Hotez PJ. Mucosal Vaccination With Recombinant Tm-WAP49 Protein Induces Protective Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against Experimental Trichuriasis in AKR Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:800295. [PMID: 35197976 PMCID: PMC8859434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.800295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichuriasis is one of the most common neglected tropical diseases of the world's poorest people. A recombinant vaccine composed of Tm-WAP49, an immunodominant antigen secreted by adult Trichuris stichocytes into the mucosa of the cecum to which the parasite attaches, is under development. The prototype is being evaluated in a mouse model of Trichuris muris infection, with the ultimate goal of producing a mucosal vaccine through intranasal delivery. Intranasal immunization of mice with Tm-WAP49 formulated with the adjuvant OCH, a truncated analog of alpha-GalCer with adjuvanticity to stimulate natural killer T cells (NKT) and mucosal immunity, induced significantly high levels of IgG and its subclasses (IgG1 and IgG2a) in immunized mice. This also resulted in a significant reduction of worm burden after challenge with T. muris-infective eggs. The addition of QS-21 adjuvant to this vaccine formulation further reduced worm counts. The improved protection from the dual-adjuvanted vaccine correlated with higher serum antibody responses (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgA) as well as with the induction of antigen-specific IgA in the nasal mucosa. It was also associated with the robust cellular responses including functional subsets of CD4 T cells producing IL-4, and cytotoxic CD8 T cells expressing granzyme B. The worm reduction achieved by mucosal immunization was higher than that induced by subcutaneous immunization. Intranasal immunization also induced a significantly higher nasal mucosa-secreted antigen-specific IgA response, as well as higher functional cellular responses including CD4+IL4+ (Th1) and CD8+GnzB+ (Th2) T cells, and antigen-specific INFγ-producing T cells in both spleen and MLNs and antibody-producing B cells (CD19+B220+/B220+GL7+). Mucosal immunization further induced long-term T lymphocyte memory with increased central (CD62L+CD44+) and effector (CD62L-CD44+) memory subsets of both CD4 and CD8 T cells at 60 days after the last immunization. In summary, intranasal immunization with recombinant Tm-WAP49 protein induced strong protection versus murine trichuriasis. It represents a promising vaccination approach against intestinal nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Wei
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Venkatesh L Hegde
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ananta V Yanamandra
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Madison P O'Hara
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian Keegan
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kathryn M Jones
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ulrich Strych
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
| | - Bin Zhan
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - K Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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24
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Tang W, Zhang Y, Zhu G. Pulmonary delivery of mucosal nanovaccines. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:263-276. [PMID: 34918733 PMCID: PMC8734613 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal vaccination can elicit both systemic and mucosal immunity, and therefore has the potential to not only treat mucosal immune diseases, prevent the pathogen infection at the mucosal entry sites, but also treat distant or systemic immune disorders. However, only a few mucosal vaccines have been approved for human use in the clinic. Effective mucosal immunization requires the delivery of immunogenic agents to appropriate mucosal surfaces, which remains significantly challenging due to the essential biological barriers presenting at mucosal tissues. In the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in the development of pulmonary mucosal nanovaccines. The nanovaccines leverage advanced nanoparticle-based pulmonary delivery technologies on the characteristics of large surface area and rich antigen presentation cell environment of the lungs for triggering robust immune protection against various mucosal diseases. Herein, we review current methods and formulations of pulmonary delivery, discuss the design strategies of mucosal nanovaccines for potent and long-lasting immune responses, and highlight recent advances in the application of lipid-based pulmonary nanovaccines against mucosal diseases. These advances promise to accelerate the development of novel mucosal nanovaccines for the prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases, and cancer, as well as autoimmune disorders at mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- Department of Pharmacy and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Science and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| | - Guizhi Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, Institute for Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy, The Developmental Therapeutics Program, Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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25
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Anggraeni R, Ana ID, Wihadmadyatami H. Development of mucosal vaccine delivery: an overview on the mucosal vaccines and their adjuvants. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:235-248. [DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.3.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahmi Anggraeni
- PT Swayasa Prakarsa, Universitas Gadjah Mada Science Techno Campus, Division of Drugs, Medical Devices, and Functional Food, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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26
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Kimoto T. Development of a safe and effective novel synthetic mucosal adjuvant SF-10 derived from physiological metabolic pathways and function of human pulmonary surfactant. Vaccine 2021; 40:544-553. [PMID: 34887132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A safe and effective mucosal adjuvant is required for vaccination against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Previously, we described that intranasally administration of surfacten®, a medicine derived from bovine pulmonary surfactant (PS), with IAV vaccine can induce IAV-specific IgA in the respiratory tract mucosa and IgG in serum. PS is secreted by alveolar type II cells and Clara cells and serves to reduce lung surface tension. PS finished its rules is incorporated by antigen presenting cells (APCs), such as alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells, and alveolar type II cells and rapidly metabolized. We focused on the metabolic pathways and rapid metabolic turnover of PS and developed a PS-based mucosal adjuvant. First, we determined the essential components of PS adjuvanticity and found that the complex of three PS lipids and surfactant protein-C can enhance to deliver the vaccine antigen and activate APCs. Later, we improved the safety, efficacy and ease of manufacture and finally succeeded in developing SF-10. The use of SF-10 with influenza split vaccine (HAv) (HAv-SF-10) enhances HAv incorporation into APCs both in vitro and in vivo, and intranasal instillation of HAv-SF-10 induced systemic and mucosal HAv-specific immunities in not only mice but also cynomolgus monkeys. The report that PS has physiological effects on the gastrointestinal mucosa prompted us develop a new SF-10-based vaccine that can be administered orally. In this review, We summarize our work on the development of clinically effective PS-based nasal and oral mucosal adjuvants for influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kimoto
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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27
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Garzon T, Ortega-Tirado D, Lopez-Romero G, Alday E, Robles-Zepeda RE, Garibay-Escobar A, Velazquez C. "Immunoinformatic Identification of T-Cell and B-Cell Epitopes From Giardia lamblia Immunogenic Proteins as Candidates to Develop Peptide-Based Vaccines Against Giardiasis". Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:769446. [PMID: 34778111 PMCID: PMC8579046 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.769446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardiasis is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide, mainly in developing countries. The etiological agent is the Giardia lamblia parasite. Giardiasis mainly affects children and immunocompromised people, causing symptoms such as diarrhea, dehydration, abdominal cramps, nausea, and malnutrition. In order to develop an effective vaccine against giardiasis, it is necessary to understand the host-Giardia interactions, the immunological mechanisms involved in protection against infection, and to characterize the parasite antigens that activate the host immune system. In this study, we identify and characterize potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes of Giardia immunogenic proteins by immunoinformatic approaches, and we discuss the potential role of those epitopes to stimulate the host´s immune system. We selected the main immunogenic and protective proteins of Giardia experimentally investigated. We predicted T-cell and B-cell epitopes using immunoinformatic tools (NetMHCII and BCPREDS). Variable surface proteins (VSPs), structural (giardins), metabolic, and cyst wall proteins were identified as the more relevant immunogens of G. lamblia. We described the protein sequences with the highest affinity to bind MHC class II molecules from mouse (I-Ak and I-Ad) and human (DRB1*03:01 and DRB1*13:01) alleles, as well as we selected promiscuous epitopes, which bind to the most common range of MHC class II molecules in human population. In addition, we identified the presence of conserved epitopes within the main protein families (giardins, VSP, CWP) of Giardia. To our knowledge, this is the first in silico study that analyze immunogenic proteins of G. lamblia by combining bioinformatics strategies to identify potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes, which can be potential candidates in the development of peptide-based vaccines. The bioinformatics analysis demonstrated in this study provides a deeper understanding of the Giardia immunogens that bind to critical molecules of the host immune system, such as MHC class II and antibodies, as well as strategies to rational design of peptide-based vaccine against giardiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thania Garzon
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | | | | | - Efrain Alday
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
| | | | | | - Carlos Velazquez
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Sonora, Hermosillo, Mexico
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28
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Deimmunization of flagellin for repeated administration as a vaccine adjuvant. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:116. [PMID: 34518537 PMCID: PMC8438039 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin, a protein-based Toll-like receptor agonist, is a versatile adjuvant applicable to wide spectrum of vaccines and immunotherapies. Given reiterated treatments of immunogenic biopharmaceuticals should lead to antibody responses precluding repeated administration, the development of flagellin not inducing specific antibodies would greatly expand the chances of clinical applications. Here we computationally identified immunogenic regions in Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B and deimmunized by simply removing a B cell epitope region. The recombinant deimmunized FlaB (dFlaB) maintains stable TLR5-stimulating activity. Multiple immunization of dFlaB does not induce FlaB-specific B cell responses in mice. Intranasally co-administered dFlaB with influenza vaccine enhanced strong Ag-specific immune responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments devoid of FlaB-specific Ab production. Notably, dFlaB showed better protective immune responses against lethal viral challenge compared with wild type FlaB. The deimmunizing B cell epitope deletion did not compromise stability and adjuvanticity, while suppressing unwanted antibody responses that may negatively affected vaccine antigen-directed immune responses in repeated vaccinations. We explain the underlying mechanism of deimmunization by employing molecular dynamics analysis.
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29
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Zhang W, Hwang J, Yadav D, An EK, Kwak M, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Enhancement of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Anti-Cancer Immunity by Intranasal Treatment of Ecklonia cava Fucoidan against Metastatic Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9125. [PMID: 34502035 PMCID: PMC8431244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fucoidan, a well-studied seaweed-extracted polysaccharide, has shown immune stimulatory effects that elicit anticancer immunity, mucosal adjuvant effects via intranasal administration have not been studied. In this study, the effect of Ecklonia cava-extracted fucoidan (ECF) on the induction of anti-cancer immunity in the lung was examined by intranasal administration. In C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice, intranasal administration of ECF promoted the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), natural killer (NK) cells, and T cells in the mediastinal lymph node (mLN). The ECF-induced NK and T cell activation was mediated by DCs. In addition, intranasal injection with ECF enhanced the anti-PD-L1 antibody-mediated anti-cancer activities against B16 melanoma and CT-26 carcinoma tumor growth in the lungs, which were required cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. Thus, these data demonstrated that ECF functioned as a mucosal adjuvant that enhanced the immunotherapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors against metastatic lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (W.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Juyoung Hwang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (W.Z.); (J.H.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (D.Y.); (E.-K.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (D.Y.); (E.-K.A.)
| | - Eun-Koung An
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (D.Y.); (E.-K.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Minseok Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- ASAN Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; (W.Z.); (J.H.)
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (D.Y.); (E.-K.A.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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30
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Zhao K, Sun B, Shi C, Sun Y, Jin Z, Hu G. Intranasal immunization with O-2'-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine enhances mucosal immune response in chickens. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:240. [PMID: 34380522 PMCID: PMC8359106 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There has been a great interest in developing strategies for enhancing antigen delivery to the mucosal immune system as well as identifying mucosal active immunostimulating agents. To elevate the potential of O-2ʹ-Hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (O-2ʹ-HACC) as an adjuvant and mucosal immune delivery carrier for DNA vaccine, we prepared the O-2ʹ-HACC loaded with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) F gene plasmid DNA and C3d6 molecular adjuvant (O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA microparticles). Results The O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA exhibited a regular spherical morphology with a particle size of 202.3 ± 0.52 nm, a zeta potential of 50.8 ± 8.21 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 90.74 ± 1.10%, and a loading capacity of 49.84 ± 1.20%. The plasmid DNA could be sustainably released from the O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA after an initial burst release. Intranasal vaccination of chickens immunized with O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA not only induced higher anti-NDV IgG and sIgA antibody titers but also significantly promoted lymphocyte proliferation and produced higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, CD4+, and CD8 + T lymphocytes compared with the NDV commercial live attenuated vaccine. Intranasal delivery of the O-2ʹ-HACC/pFDNA enhanced humoral, cellular, and mucosal immune responses and protected chickens from the infection of highly virulent NDV compared with the intramuscular delivery. Conclusions Collectively, our findings indicated that the O-2ʹ-HACC could be used as a vaccine adjuvant and delivery system for mucosal immunity and have an immense application promise. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China.
| | - Beini Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Ci Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yanwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zheng Jin
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process and Technology for High-Efficiency Conversion, College of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Gaowei Hu
- Institute of Nanobiomaterials and Immunology, School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
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31
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Bakkari MA, Valiveti CK, Kaushik RS, Tummala H. Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR4) Agonist-Based Intranasal Nanovaccine Delivery System for Inducing Systemic and Mucosal Immunity. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2233-2241. [PMID: 34010002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eliciting a robust immune response at mucosal sites is critical in preventing the entry of mucosal pathogens such as influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This task is challenging to achieve without the inclusion of a strong and safe mucosal adjuvant. Previously, inulin acetate (InAc), a plant-based polymer, is shown to activate toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and elicit a robust systemic immune response as a vaccine adjuvant. This study investigates the potential of nanoparticles prepared with InAc (InAc-NPs) as an intranasal vaccine delivery system to generate both mucosal and systemic immune responses. InAc-NPs (∼250 nm in diameter) activated wild-type (WT) macrophages but failed to activate macrophages from TLR4 knockout mice or WT macrophages when pretreated with a TLR4 antagonist (lipopolysaccharide-RS (LPS-RS)), which indicates the selective nature of a InAc-based nanodelivery system as a TLR4 agonist. Intranasal immunization using antigen-loaded InAc-NPs generated ∼65-fold and 19-fold higher serum IgG1 and IgG2a titers against the antigen, respectively, as compared to PLGA-NPs as a delivery system. InAc-NPs have also stimulated the secretion of sIgA at various mucosal sites, including nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALTs), lungs, and intestine, and produced a strong memory response indicative of both humoral and cellular immune activation. Overall, by stimulating both systemic and mucosal immunity, InAc-NPs laid a basis for a potential intranasal delivery system for mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Bakkari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chaitanya K Valiveti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Radhey S Kaushik
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota57007, United States
| | - Hemachand Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
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32
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Hayon J, Weatherhead J, Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Zhan B. Advances in vaccine development for human trichuriasis. Parasitology 2021; 148:1-12. [PMID: 33757603 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Trichuriasis known as whipworm infection caused by Trichuris trichiura, is a highly prevalent soil-transmitted helminthiasis in low- and middle-income countries located in tropical and subtropical areas and affecting approximately 360 million people. Children typically harbour the largest burden of T. trichiura and they are usually co-infected with other soil-transmitted helminth (STH), including Ascaris lumbricoides and hookworm. The consequences of trichuriasis, such as malnutrition and physical and cognitive growth restriction, lead to a massive health burden in endemic regions. Despite the implementation of mass drug administration of anthelminthic treatment to school-age children, T. trichiura infection remains challenging to control due to the low efficacy of current drugs as well as high rates of post-treatment re-infection. Thus, the development of a vaccine that would induce protective immunity and reduce infection rate or community faecal egg output is essential. Hurdles for human whipworm vaccine development include the lack of suitable vaccine antigen targets and animal models for human T. trichiura infection. Instead, rodent whipworm T. muris infected mouse models serve as a major surrogate for testing immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize recent advances in animal models for T. trichiura antigen discovery and testing of vaccine candidates, while providing an overall view of the current status of T. trichiura vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica Hayon
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill Weatherhead
- Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Bin Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030, USA
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Genito CJ, Batty CJ, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Considerations for Size, Surface Charge, Polymer Degradation, Co-Delivery, and Manufacturability in the Development of Polymeric Particle Vaccines for Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1:2000041. [PMID: 33681864 PMCID: PMC7917382 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have advanced human health for centuries. To improve upon the efficacy of subunit vaccines they have been formulated into nano/microparticles for infectious diseases. Much progress in the field of polymeric particles for vaccine formulation has been made since the push for a tetanus vaccine in the 1990s. Modulation of particle properties such as size, surface charge, degradation rate, and the co-delivery of antigen and adjuvant has been used. This review focuses on advances in the understanding of how these properties influence immune responses to injectable polymeric particle vaccines. Consideration is also given to how endotoxin, route of administration, and other factors influence conclusions that can be made. Current manufacturing techniques involved in preserving vaccine efficacy and scale-up are discussed, as well as those for progressing polymeric particle vaccines toward commercialization. Consideration of all these factors should aid the continued development of efficacious and marketable polymeric particle vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Genito
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm RoadChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Cole J. Batty
- Division of Pharma Engineering & Molecular PharmaceuticsEshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm RoadChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharma Engineering & Molecular PharmaceuticsEshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm RoadChapel HillNC27599USA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharma Engineering & Molecular PharmaceuticsEshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm RoadChapel HillNC27599USA
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Tada R, Ogasawara M, Yamanaka D, Sakurai Y, Negishi Y, Kiyono H, Ohno N, Kunisawa J, Aramaki Y. Enzymatically polymerised polyphenols prepared from various precursors potentiate antigen-specific immune responses in both mucosal and systemic compartments in mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246422. [PMID: 33556119 PMCID: PMC7870002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant modern medicine progress, having an infectious disease is a major risk factor for humans. Mucosal vaccination is now widely considered as the most promising strategy to defeat infectious diseases; however, only live-attenuated and inactivated mucosal vaccines are used in the clinical field. To date, no subunit mucosal vaccine was approved mainly because of the lack of safe and effective methodologies to either activate or initiate host mucosal immune responses. We have recently elucidated that intranasal administration of enzymatically polymerised caffeic acid potentiates antigen-specific mucosal and systemic antibody responses in mice. However, our earlier study has not confirmed whether these effects are specific to the polymer synthesised from caffeic acid. Here, we show that enzymatically polymerised polyphenols (EPPs) from various phenolic compounds possess mucosal adjuvant activities when administered nasally with an antigen to mice. Potentiation of antigen-specific immune responses by all EPPs tested in this study showed no clear difference among the precursors used. We found that intranasal administration of ovalbumin as the antigen, in combination with all enzymatically polymerised polyphenols used in this study, induced ovalbumin-specific mucosal IgA in the nasal cavity, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, vaginal fluids, and systemic IgG, especially IgG1, in sera. Our results demonstrate that the mucosal adjuvant activities of polyphenols are not limited to polymerised caffeic acid but are broadly observable across the studied polyphenols. These properties of polyphenols may be advantageous for the development of safe and effective nasal vaccine systems to prevent and/or treat various infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tada
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Miki Ogasawara
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakurai
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Division of Mucosal Immunology and International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Aramaki
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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Identification of Immunogenic Antigens of Naegleria fowleri Adjuvanted by Cholera Toxin. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060460. [PMID: 32531943 PMCID: PMC7350353 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The intranasal administration of Naegleria fowleri lysates plus cholera toxin (CT) increases protection against N. fowleri meningoencephalitis in mice, suggesting that humoral immune response mediated by antibodies is crucial to induce protection against the infection. In the present study, we applied a protein analysis to detect and identify immunogenic antigens from N. fowleri, which might be responsible for such protection. A Western blot assay of N. fowleri polypeptides was performed using the serum and nasal washes from mice immunized with N. fowleri lysates, either alone or with CT after one, two, three, or four weekly immunizations and challenged with trophozoites of N. fowleri. Immunized mice with N. fowleri plus CT, after four doses, had the highest survival rate (100%). Nasal or sera IgA and IgG antibody response was progressively stronger as the number of immunizations was increased, and that response was mainly directed to 250, 100, 70, 50, 37, and 19 kDa polypeptide bands, especially in the third and fourth immunization. Peptides present in these immunogenic bands were matched by nano-LC–ESI-MSMS with different proteins, which could serve as candidates for a vaccine against N. fowleri infection.
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Autotransporter-Mediated Display of Complement Receptor Ligands by Gram-Negative Bacteria Increases Antibody Responses and Limits Disease Severity. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9050375. [PMID: 32422907 PMCID: PMC7281241 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of immunogens/vaccines to specific immune cells is a promising approach for amplifying immune responses in the absence of exogenous adjuvants. However, the targeting approaches reported thus far require novel, labor-intensive reagents for each vaccine and have primarily been shown as proof-of-concept with isolated proteins and/or inactivated bacteria. We have engineered a plasmid-based, complement receptor-targeting platform that is readily applicable to live forms of multiple gram-negative bacteria, including, but not limited to, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Francisella tularensis. Using F. tularensis as a model, we find that targeted bacteria show increased binding and uptake by macrophages, which coincides with increased p38 and p65 phosphorylation. Mice vaccinated with targeted bacteria produce higher titers of specific antibody that recognizes a greater diversity of bacterial antigens. Following challenge with homologous or heterologous isolates, these mice exhibited less weight loss and/or accelerated weight recovery as compared to counterparts vaccinated with non-targeted immunogens. Collectively, these findings provide proof-of-concept for plasmid-based, complement receptor-targeting of live gram-negative bacteria.
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Oh SH, Kim Cho YS, Lee HB, Lee SM, Kim WS, Hong L, Cho CS, Choi YJ, Kang SK. Enhancement of antigen-specific humoral immune responses and protein solubility through conjugation of bacterial flagellin, Vibrio vulnificus FlaB, to the N-terminus of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus surface protein antigen S0. J Vet Sci 2020; 20:e70. [PMID: 31775197 PMCID: PMC6883195 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious enteric swine disease. The large economic impact of PED on the swine industry worldwide has made the development of an effective PED vaccine a necessity. S0, a truncated region of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) spike protein, has been suggested as a candidate antigen for PED subunit vaccines; however, poor solubility problems when the protein is expressed in Escherichia coli, and the inherent problems of subunit vaccines, such as low immunogenicity, remain. Flagellin has been widely used as a fusion partner to enhance the immunogenicity and solubility of many difficult-to-express proteins; however, the conjugation effect of flagellin varies depending on the target antigen or the position of the fusion placement. Here, we conjugated flagellin, Vibrio vulnificus FlaB, to the N- and C-termini of S0 and evaluated the ability of the fusion to enhance the solubility and immunogenicity of S0. Flagellin conjugation in the presence of the trigger factor chaperone tig greatly improved the solubility of the fusion protein (up to 99%) regardless of its conjugation position. Of importance, flagellin conjugated to the N-terminus of S0 significantly enhanced S0-specific humoral immune responses compared to other recombinant antigens in Balb/c mice. The mechanism of this phenomenon was investigated through in vitro and in vivo studies. These findings provide important information for the development of a novel PED vaccine and flagellin-based immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Ho Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young Saeng Kim Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ho Bin Lee
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Sang Mok Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Whee Soo Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Liang Hong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chong Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yun Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea.
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Chang CY, Hsu WT, Tsai PS, Chen CM, Cheng IC, Chao YC, Chang HW. Oral administration of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein expressing in silkworm pupae failed to elicit immune responses in pigs. AMB Express 2020; 10:20. [PMID: 31993764 PMCID: PMC6987277 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-0952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkworm (Bombyx mori) and its pupae have been used for decades as nutritional additives and applied on the production of high-quality recombinant proteins via the baculovirus expression vector (BEV) system. The bio-capsule, the fat-rich body, and some body components of the silkworm pupae, which deliver antigens passing through the harsh environment of digestive tract and reaching the intestine, have been used as a vehicle for oral vaccines. In the present study, to develop a novel oral vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the PEDV spike (S) protein was expressed in silkworm pupae and BmN cells using the BEV system. After three doses of oral administrations with 2-week intervals in pigs, neither PEDV S protein-specific humoral nor mucosal immune responses can be detected. The failure of eliciting the PEDV-specific immune response suggested that the BEV system using BmN cells or silkworm pupae as oral immunogen-expression vehicles was not able to overcome the immunological unresponsiveness, which was possibly due to gastrointestinal specific barriers and oral tolerance. Better strategies to enhance the delivery and immunogenicity of oral vaccines should be further investigated. Nevertheless, the PEDV S protein generated in the BmN cells and silkworm pupae herein provides an efficient tool to produce the recombinant antigen for future applications.
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Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are the interface between the host’s internal milieu and the external environment, and they have dual functions, serving as physical barriers to foreign antigens and as accepting sites for vital materials. Mucosal vaccines are more favored to prevent mucosal infections from the portal of entry. Although mucosal vaccination has many advantages, licensed mucosal vaccines are scarce. The most widely studied mucosal routes are oral and intranasal. Licensed oral and intranasal vaccines are composed mostly of whole cell killed or live attenuated microorganisms serving as both delivery systems and built-in adjuvants. Future mucosal vaccines should be made with more purified antigen components, which will be relatively less immunogenic. To induce robust protective immune responses against well-purified vaccine antigens, an effective mucosal delivery system is an essential requisite. Recent developments in biomaterials and nanotechnology have enabled many innovative mucosal vaccine trials. For oral vaccination, the vaccine delivery system should be able to stably carry antigens and adjuvants and resist harsh physicochemical conditions in the stomach and intestinal tract. Besides many nano/microcarrier tools generated by using natural and chemical materials, the development of oral vaccine delivery systems using food materials should be more robustly researched to expand vaccine coverage of gastrointestinal infections in developing countries. For intranasal vaccination, the vaccine delivery system should survive the very active mucociliary clearance mechanisms and prove safety because of the anatomical location of nasal cavity separated by a thin barrier. Future mucosal vaccine carriers, regardless of administration routes, should have certain common characteristics. They should maintain stability in given environments, be mucoadhesive, and have the ability to target specific tissues and cells.
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Vilander AC, Dean GA. Adjuvant Strategies for Lactic Acid Bacterial Mucosal Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040150. [PMID: 31623188 PMCID: PMC6963626 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive, acid-tolerant bacteria that have long been used in food fermentation and are generally recognized as safe (GRAS). LAB are a part of a normal microbiome and act as probiotics, improving the gastrointestinal microbiome and health when consumed. An increasing body of research has shown the importance of the microbiome on both mucosal immune heath and immune response to pathogens and oral vaccines. Currently, there are few approved mucosal vaccines, and most are attenuated viruses or bacteria, which necessitates cold chain, carries the risk of reversion to virulence, and can have limited efficacy in individuals with poor mucosal health. On account of these limitations, new types of mucosal vaccine vectors are necessary. There has been increasing interest and success in developing recombinant LAB as next generation mucosal vaccine vectors due to their natural acid and bile resistance, stability at room temperature, endogenous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and the development of molecular techniques that allow for manipulation of their genomes. To enhance the immunogenicity of these LAB vaccines, numerous adjuvant strategies have been successfully employed. Here, we review these adjuvant strategies and their mechanisms of action which include: Toll-like receptor ligands, secretion of bacterial toxins, secretion of cytokines, direct delivery to antigen presenting cells, and enterocyte targeting. The ability to increase the immune response to LAB vaccines gives them the potential to be powerful mucosal vaccine vectors against mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Vilander
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Gregg A Dean
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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41
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Ma S, Qiao X, Xu Y, Wang L, Zhou H, Jiang Y, Cui W, Huang X, Wang X, Tang L, Li Y. Screening and Identification of a Chicken Dendritic Cell Binding Peptide by Using a Phage Display Library. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1853. [PMID: 31447851 PMCID: PMC6691127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), as antigen-presenting cells, can initiate adaptive immune responses efficiently. Although the DC-targeting strategy has attracted more attention, relevant studies on chicken are rare. Here, specific chicken bone marrow DC-binding peptides were selected using a phage display peptide library and confirmed through ELISA, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and laser confocal microscopy. The peptide candidate SPHLHTSSPWER, named SP, was fused to the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) structural protein and protective antigen VP2. In vitro, the expression of DC markers (CD80, CD83, CD86, DEC205, and MHCII) and some cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCLi1) by VP2-SP-stimulated DCs was significantly higher than that by DCs treated with the VP2-control peptide at 4 h (p < 0.001). In addition, an oral vaccine targeting DCs was generated using chicken-borne Lactobacillus saerimneri M11 (L. sae M11) to deliver VP2 fused with SP. Anti-IBDV mucosal and humoral immune responses were induced efficiently via oral administration, resulting in higher protective efficacy in the VP2-SP group than the VP2 group. Therefore, chicken DC targeting of IBDV protective antigen VP2 delivered by L. sae provides effective immune protection in chicken. Our study may promote research on the DC-targeting strategy to enhance the effectiveness of chicken vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunting Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyuan Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yigang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Yijing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
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Huang L, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang E, Li Y, Yu Q, Yang Q. Upregulation of CD4 +CD8 + memory cells in the piglet intestine following oral administration of Bacillus subtilis spores combined with PEDV whole inactivated virus. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:1-9. [PMID: 31282365 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral immunization is a commonly employed route for inducing local immunity. However, the application of oral immunization is limited by the short-term persistence of immunity, particularly for inactivated viruses. The ultimate goal for mucosal vaccination is to stimulate protective immunological memory. In the intestine, long-term persistence of immunity is related to CD4+CD8+ memory T-cells. In this study, piglets were orally immunized with Bacillus subtilis spores (B.s) plus whole inactivated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV WIV), followed by booster oral immunization. Initially, the results showed that B.s plus PEDV WIV enhanced the anti-PEDV capability on mucosal surfaces, as evidenced by plaque reduction neutralization tests in serum and intestinal fluid. Elevated antigen-specific IgG titers in the serum and IgA titers in saliva, feces and nasal washing liquid were also observed. Meanwhile, B.s plus PEDV WIV increased the area of Peyer's patches and the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the ileum of piglets. Similarly, the percentage of CD4+CD8+ memory T-cells were upregulated and proliferation ability of antigen-specific memory T-cell was strengthened in intestinal mucosal-associated lymphocytes, which was accompanied with increased expression of CCR9 after oral immunization with B.s plus PEDV WIV. In addition, the activation of memory T-cells is correlated with the increased mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4, as well as interleukin-6 and induced by B.s. Collectively, the study provided further insight into the potential immunopotentiator ability of B.s to assist PEDV WIV in the potentiation of immunity by upregulating memory CD4+CD8+ T cells via oral immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Jialu Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Yongheng Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - En Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Yuchen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Yu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of veterinary medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, PR China.
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Tallapaka SB, Karuturi BVK, Yeapuri P, Curran SM, Sonawane YA, Phillips JA, David Smith D, Sanderson SD, Vetro JA. Surface conjugation of EP67 to biodegradable nanoparticles increases the generation of long-lived mucosal and systemic memory T-cells by encapsulated protein vaccine after respiratory immunization and subsequent T-cell-mediated protection against respiratory infection. Int J Pharm 2019; 565:242-257. [PMID: 31077762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of protein vaccines in biodegradable nanoparticles (NP) increases T-cell expansion after mucosal immunization but requires incorporating a suitable immunostimulant to increase long-lived memory T-cells. EP67 is a clinically viable, host-derived peptide agonist of the C5a receptor that selectively activates antigen presenting cells over neutrophils. We previously found that encapsulating EP67-conjugated CTL peptide vaccines in NP increases long-lived memory subsets of CTL after respiratory immunization. Thus, we hypothesized that alternatively conjugating EP67 to the NP surface can increase long-lived mucosal and systemic memory T-cells generated by encapsulated protein vaccines. We found that respiratory immunization of naïve female C57BL/6 mice with LPS-free ovalbumin (OVA) encapsulated in PLGA 50:50 NP (∼380 nm diameter) surface-conjugated with ∼0.1 wt% EP67 through 2 kDa PEG linkers (i) increased T-cell expansion and long-lived memory subsets of OVA323-339-specific CD4+ and OVA257-264-specific CD8a+ T-cells in the lungs (CD44HI/CD127/KLRG1) and spleen (CD44HI/CD127/KLRG1/CD62L) and (ii) decreased peak CFU of OVA-expressing L. monocytogenes (LM-OVA) in the lungs, liver, and spleen after respiratory challenge vs. encapsulation in unmodified NP. Thus, conjugating EP67 to the NP surface is one approach to increase the generation of long-lived mucosal and systemic memory T-cells by encapsulated protein vaccines after respiratory immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra B Tallapaka
- DILIsym Services Inc., Six Davis Drive, PO Box 12317, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA(1)
| | - Bala V K Karuturi
- Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc., 781 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA(1)
| | - Pravin Yeapuri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - Stephen M Curran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - Yogesh A Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, NE 68022, USA
| | - Joy A Phillips
- Donald P. Shiley BioScience Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92115, USA
| | - D David Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Sam D Sanderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - Joseph A Vetro
- Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA.
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44
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Kye YC, Park SM, Shim BS, Firdous J, Kim G, Kim HW, Ju YJ, Kim CG, Cho CS, Kim DW, Cho JH, Song MK, Han SH, Yun CH. Intranasal immunization with pneumococcal surface protein A in the presence of nanoparticle forming polysorbitol transporter adjuvant induces protective immunity against the Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:362-372. [PMID: 30922953 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Developing effective mucosal subunit vaccine for the Streptococcus pneumoniae has been unsuccessful mainly because of their poor immunogenicity with insufficient memory T and B cell responses. We thus address whether such limitation can be overcome by introducing effective adjuvants that can enhance immunity and show here that polysorbitol transporter (PST) serves as a mucosal adjuvant for a subunit vaccine against the Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) with PST adjuvant induced protective immunity against S. pneumoniae challenge, especially long-term T and B cell immune responses. Moreover, we found that the PST preferentially induced T helper (Th) responses toward Th2 or T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and, importantly, that the responses were mediated through antigen-presenting cells via activating a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) pathway. Thus, these data indicate that PST can be used as an effective and safe mucosal vaccine adjuvant against S. pneumoniae infection. STATE OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, we suggested the nanoparticle forming adjuvant, PST works as an effective adjuvant for the pneumococcal vaccine, PspA. The PspA subunit vaccine together with PST adjuvant efficiently induced protective immunity, even in the long-term memory responses, against Streptococcus pneumoniae lethal challenge. We found that PspA with PST adjuvant induced dendritic cell activation followed by follicular helper T cell responses through PPAR-γ pathway resulting long-term memory antibody-producing cells. Consequently, in this paper, we suggest the mechanism for safe nanoparticle forming subunit vaccine adjuvant against pneumococcal infection.
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Zhai L, Yadav R, Kunda NK, Anderson D, Bruckner E, Miller EK, Basu R, Muttil P, Tumban E. Oral immunization with bacteriophage MS2-L2 VLPs protects against oral and genital infection with multiple HPV types associated with head & neck cancers and cervical cancer. Antiviral Res 2019; 166:56-65. [PMID: 30926288 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common sexually transmitted infections. HPVs are transmitted through anogenital sex or oral sex. Anogenital transmission/infection is associated with anogenital cancers and genital warts while oral transmission/infection is associated with head and neck cancers (HNCs) including recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Current HPV vaccines protect against HPV types associated with ∼90% of cervical cancers and are expected to protect against a percentage of HNCs. However, only a few studies have assessed the efficacy of current vaccines against oral HPV infections. We had previously developed a mixed MS2-L2 candidate HPV vaccine based on bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs). The mixed MS2-L2 VLPs consisted of a mixture of two MS2-L2 VLPs displaying: i) a concatemer of L2 peptide (epitope 20-31) from HPV31 & L2 peptide (epitope 17-31) from HPV16 and ii) a consensus L2 peptide representing epitope 69-86. The mixed MS2-L2 VLPs neutralized/protected mice against six HPV types associated with ∼87% of cervical cancer. Here, we show that the mixed MS2-L2 VLPs can protect mice against additional HPV types; at the genital region, the VLPs protect against HPV53, 56, 11 and at the oral region, the VLPs protect against HPV16, 35, 39, 52, and 58. Thus, mixed MS2-L2 VLPs protect against eleven oncogenic HPV types associated with ∼95% of cervical cancer. The VLPs also have the potential to protect, orally, against the same oncogenic HPVs, associated with ∼99% of HNCs, including HPV11, which is associated with up to 32% of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Moreover, mixed MS2-L2 VLPs are thermostable at room temperature for up to 60 days after spray-freeze drying and they are protective against oral HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukai Zhai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rashi Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Nitesh K Kunda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, USA
| | - Dana Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bruckner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Elliott K Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rupsa Basu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Pavan Muttil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Ebenezer Tumban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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46
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Puth S, Hong SH, Na HS, Lee HH, Lee YS, Kim SY, Tan W, Hwang HS, Sivasamy S, Jeong K, Kook JK, Ahn SJ, Kang IC, Ryu JH, Koh JT, Rhee JH, Lee SE. A built-in adjuvant-engineered mucosal vaccine against dysbiotic periodontal diseases. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:565-579. [PMID: 30487648 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is associated with a dysbiotic shift in the oral microbiome. Vaccine approaches to prevent microbial shifts from healthy to diseased state in oral biofilms would provide a fundamental therapeutic strategy against periodontitis. Since dental plaque formation is a polymicrobial and multilayered process, vaccines targeting single bacterial species would have limited efficacy in clinical applications. In this study, we developed a divalent mucosal vaccine consisting of a mixture of FlaB-tFomA and Hgp44-FlaB fusion proteins targeting virulence factors of inflammophilic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Introduction of peptide linkers between FlaB and antigen improved the stability and immunogenicity of engineered vaccine antigens. The intranasal immunization of divalent vaccine induced protective immune responses inhibiting alveolar bone loss elicited by F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis infection. The built-in flagellin adjuvant fused to protective antigens enhanced antigen-specific antibody responses and class switch recombination. The divalent vaccine antisera recognized natural forms of surface antigens and reacted with diverse clinical isolates of Fusobacterium subspecies and P. gingivalis. The antisera inhibited F. nucleatum-mediated biofilm formation, co-aggregation of P. gingivalis and Treponema denticola, and P. gingivalis-host cell interactions. Taken together, the built-in adjuvant-engineered mucosal vaccine provides a technological platform for multivalent periodontitis vaccines targeting dysbiotic microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sao Puth
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Hee Hong
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sam Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hwa Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Suhk Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenzhi Tan
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sethupathy Sivasamy
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjoon Jeong
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Ki Kook
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology and Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug-Joon Ahn
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chol Kang
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hwang Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Koh
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shee Eun Lee
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam, 58128, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Embregts CWE, Rigaudeau D, Tacchi L, Pijlman GP, Kampers L, Veselý T, Pokorová D, Boudinot P, Wiegertjes GF, Forlenza M. Vaccination of carp against SVCV with an oral DNA vaccine or an insect cells-based subunit vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 85:66-77. [PMID: 29567136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported on a successful vaccine for carp against SVCV based on the intramuscular injection of a DNA plasmid encoding the SVCV glycoprotein (SVCV-G). This shows that the intramuscular (i.m.) route of vaccination is suitable to trigger protective responses against SVCV, and that the SVCV G-protein is a suitable vaccine antigen. Yet, despite the general success of DNA vaccines, especially against fish rhabdoviruses, their practical implementation still faces legislative as well as consumer's acceptance concerns. Furthermore, the i.m. route of plasmid administration is not easily combined with most of the current vaccination regimes largely based on intraperitoneal or immersion vaccination. For this reason, in the current study we evaluated possible alternatives to a DNA-based i.m. injectable vaccine using the SVCV-G protein as the vaccine antigen. To this end, we tested two parallel approaches: the first based on the optimization of an alginate encapsulation method for oral delivery of DNA and protein antigens; the second based on the baculovirus recombinant expression of transmembrane SVCV-G protein in insect cells, administered as whole-cell subunit vaccine through the oral and injection route. In addition, in the case of the oral DNA vaccine, we also investigated the potential benefits of the mucosal adjuvants Escherichia coli lymphotoxin subunit B (LTB). Despite the use of various vaccine types, doses, regimes, and administration routes, no protection was observed, contrary to the full protection obtained with our reference i.m. DNA vaccine. The limited protection observed under the various conditions used in this study, the nature of the host, of the pathogen, the type of vaccine and encapsulation method, will therefore be discussed in details to provide an outlook for future vaccination strategies against SVCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W E Embregts
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - D Rigaudeau
- INRA, Infectiologie Expérimentale Rongeurs Poissons, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L Tacchi
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - G P Pijlman
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - L Kampers
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - T Veselý
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - D Pokorová
- Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Boudinot
- INRA, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - G F Wiegertjes
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - M Forlenza
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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48
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Kimoto T, Kim H, Sakai S, Takahashi E, Kido H. Oral vaccination with influenza hemagglutinin combined with human pulmonary surfactant-mimicking synthetic adjuvant SF-10 induces efficient local and systemic immunity compared with nasal and subcutaneous vaccination and provides protective immunity in mice. Vaccine 2018; 37:612-622. [PMID: 30553569 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that a synthetic mucosal adjuvant SF-10, which mimics human pulmonary surfactant, delivers antigen to mucosal dendritic cells in the nasal cavity and promotes induction of humoral and cellular immunity. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of oral administration of antigen combined with SF-10 (antigen-SF-10) on systemic and local immunity. Oral administration of ovalbumin, a model antigen, combined with SF-10 enhanced ovalbumin uptake into intestinal antigen presenting MHC II+CD11c+ cells and their CD11b+CD103+ and CD11b+CD103- subtype dendritic cells, which are the major antigen presenting subsets of the intestinal tract, more efficiently compared to without SF-10. Oral vaccination with influenza hemagglutinin vaccine (HAv)-SF-10 induced HAv-specific IgA and IgG in the serum, and HAv-specific secretory IgA and IgG in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, nasal washes, gastric extracts and fecal material; their levels were significantly higher than those induced by subcutaneous HAv or intranasal HAv and HAv-SF-10 vaccinations. Enzyme-linked immunospot assay showed high numbers of HAv-specific IgA and IgG antibody secreting cells in the gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosal lymphoid tissues after oral vaccination with HAv-SF-10, but no or very low induction following oral vaccination with HAv alone. Oral vaccination with HAv-SF-10 provided protective immunity against severe influenza A virus infection, which was significantly higher than that induced by HAv combined with cholera toxin. Oral vaccination with HAv-SF-10 was associated with unique cytokine production patterns in the spleen after HAv stimulation; including marked induction of HAv-responsive Th17 cytokines (e.g., IL-17A and IL-22), high induction of Th1 cytokines (e.g., IL-2 and IFN-γ) and moderate induction of Th2 cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-5). These results indicate that oral vaccination with HAv-SF-10 induces more efficient systemic and local immunity than nasal or subcutaneous vaccination with characteristically high levels of secretory HAv-specific IgA in various mucosal organs and protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kimoto
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakai
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Etsuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
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49
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Robust mucosal and systemic responses against HTLV-1 by delivery of multi-epitope vaccine in PLGA nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 133:321-330. [PMID: 30408519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, the immunogenicity of HTLV-1 fusion epitope-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed in the absence or presence of co-encapsulated CpG ODN adjuvant, in a mice model. For this purpose, the multi-epitope chimera including Tax, env, and gag immunodominant HTLV-1 epitopes was encapsulated in biodegradable PLGA NPs with or without CpG adjuvant. PLGA nanospheres produced by a double emulsion method had a size of <200 nm, and encapsulation efficiency of chimera antigen was 85%. The release profile of radiolabeled chimera indicated that only 17.4% and 20.1% of chimera were released from PLGA NPs without or with co-encapsulated CPG ODN during one month, respectively. The PLGA formulations significantly elevated titers of IgG1, IgG2a, and sIgA antibodies, as well as IL-10, and IFN-γ cytokines and also reduced the amount of TGF-β1 production relative to the other vaccines. Additionally, co-delivery of chimera and CpG ODN in PLGA NPs significantly promoted cellular and mucosal responses compared to the incorporation of CpG and chimera antigen. In summary, these results revealed that the sustained release of chimera from PLGA as an efficient polymeric system elicited potent cell-mediated and mucosal immunity without inflammatory responses against HTLV-1. Therefore, the proper design of vaccine formulation and immunization strategy are crucial factors to construct an efficient vaccine.
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50
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Diaz-Dinamarca DA, Soto DA, Leyton YY, Altamirano-Lagos MJ, Avendaño MJ, Kalergis AM, Vasquez AE. Oral vaccine based on a surface immunogenic protein mixed with alum promotes a decrease in Streptococcus agalactiae vaginal colonization in a mouse model. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:63-70. [PMID: 30205305 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The Surface Immunogenic Protein (SIP) of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) had been described as a good target for vaccine development. To date, SIP has been reported as a highly conserved protein, and in a mouse model it induces protection against lethal GBS challenge. Also, similar effects have been described by intranasal immunization with a SIP-based vaccine. In this study, we show the immune response induced by an oral SIP-based vaccine formulated on alum in a mouse model. Our vaccine can reduce vaginal GBS colonization and induce specific SIP-antibodies with opsonophagocytosis activities against GBS. Moreover, we observed the activation of T-cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-2, and increased expression of the transcription factor T-bet, suggesting a Th1-type humoral response. The oral SIP-based vaccine is a novel alternative in the development of a vaccine against GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Diaz-Dinamarca
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D A Soto
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Chile
| | - Y Y Leyton
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Chile
| | - M J Altamirano-Lagos
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M J Avendaño
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Chile; Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A M Kalergis
- Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A E Vasquez
- Sección de Biotecnología, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Chile; Universidad San Sebastián, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Escuela de Bioquímica, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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