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Wang L, Chen QW, Qin YC, Yi XL, Zeng H. Analysis of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii carbapenemase gene distribution and biofilm formation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2024; 15:1-11. [PMID: 38505565 PMCID: PMC10944714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, Acinetobacter baumannii has been appearing in hospitals with high drug resistance and strong vitality, which brings many difficulties to clinical treatment. In this study, 255 strains of A. baumannii were isolated from Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities Affiliated Hospital clinical samples and found to be highly resistant to carbapenems. The drug resistance, biofilm-forming ability, and carbapenase gene distribution of 145 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) strains were analyzed statistically. METHODS The clinically isolated strains were detected using Vitek mass spectrometry and Vitek2-compact for bacterial identification and susceptibility testing, respectively. The biofilms of clinical isolates were quantitatively detected by microplate crystal violet staining, and qualitatively observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And the common carbapenemase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The 255 clinical isolates from the Youjiang District of western Guangxi Province had a high resistance rate to carbapenems antibiotics. The main specimens were from the intensive care unit (49%), and the most important specimens were sputum specimens (80%). All 145 strains of CRAB produced different degrees of biofilm, and six carbapenenase genes were detected. We found that there were significant differences in biofilm formation between resistant and sensitive strains of tobramycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tigecycline, and doxycycline (P<0.05). The distribution of blaOXA-23 and blaOXA51 genes was significantly different from CRAB biofilm formation (P<0.05). In addition, AmpC, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, and TEM genes were more distributed in antibiotic-resistant strains. CONCLUSION The clinical strains have a high resistance rate to carbapenems, and the CRAB with blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes has a high resistance to antibiotics and a strong biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesNo. 98 Chengxiang Road, Baise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Clinical Prevention and Control Technology and Leading Drug for Microorganisms with Drug Resistance in Border Ethnic AreasnBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of The Prevention and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesNo. 18 Zhongshan Second Road, Baise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Yan-Chun Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesNo. 98 Chengxiang Road, Baise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Clinical Prevention and Control Technology and Leading Drug for Microorganisms with Drug Resistance in Border Ethnic AreasnBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of The Prevention and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xue-Li Yi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesNo. 18 Zhongshan Second Road, Baise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hong Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesNo. 98 Chengxiang Road, Baise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Guangxi Technology Innovation Cooperation Base of Prevention and Control Pathogenic Microbes with Drug Resistance, Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Clinical Prevention and Control Technology and Leading Drug for Microorganisms with Drug Resistance in Border Ethnic AreasnBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of The Prevention and Treatment of Drug-Resistant Microbial Infecting, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionBaise 533000, Guangxi, PR China
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Kumari M, Bhattarai NR, Rai K, Pandit TK, Khanal B. Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter: Detection of ESBL, MBL, bla NDM-1 Genotype, and Biofilm Formation at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:8168000. [PMID: 36536809 PMCID: PMC9759386 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8168000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Acinetobacter species is an important hospital-acquired pathogen. The rapid development of resistance to multiple drugs and the ability to form biofilm make these bacteria more adaptable to survive in healthcare facilities, thus posing a challenge to their effective management. Objective This study aimed to characterize clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and ability to form biofilm. Resistant Acinetobacter was further analyzed for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo β-lactamases (MBLs), carbapenemase production, and presence of blaNDM-1 gene. Materials and Methods A total of 324 Acinetobacter species were isolated from various clinical specimens which were submitted to the Department of Microbiology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, and were studied for antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of ESBL and MBL production, and formerly biofilm formation was performed by standard microbiological methods. PCR was carried out to determine the presence of the blaNDM-1 gene. Results The predominant Acinetobacter species isolated was A calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex (Acb complex) 167 (51.5%). Among those, all A. species 128 (40%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). In which 13 (4.0%) were ESBL producers, 70 (61.9%) were MBL, and 12 (10.6%) were carbapenemases producers. The blaNDM1 gene was present in 33 isolates. Thirty-seven percent (121/324) of isolates formed biofilm. The majority of A. species were resistant to cefotaxime 73.8% (239) and cefepime 74.4% (241). A significant proportion of biofilm producers were MDR (p < 0.001). Conclusion Drug-resistant Acinetobacter formed a substantial proportion of this hospital's samples with a large presence of the bla NDM-1 gene. A matter of great concern is the association of multidrug-resistant phenotype with biofilm formation. This situation warranted stringent surveillance and adherence to infection prevention and control practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Kumari
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Narayan Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Keshav Rai
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Tejendra Kumar Pandit
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Basudha Khanal
- Department of Microbiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Chiang TT, Huang TW, Sun JR, Kuo SC, Cheng A, Liu CP, Liu YM, Yang YS, Chen TL, Lee YT, Wang YC. Biofilm formation is not an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:964539. [PMID: 36189355 PMCID: PMC9523115 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.964539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decades, due to the high prevalence of the antibiotic-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, it has emerged as one of the most troublesome pathogens threatening the global healthcare system. Furthermore, this pathogen has the ability to form biofilms, which is another effective mechanism by which it survives in the presence of antibiotics. However, the clinical impact of biofilm-forming A. baumannii isolates on patients with bacteremia is largely unknown. This retrospective study was conducted at five medical centers in Taiwan over a 9-year period. A total of 252 and 459 patients with bacteremia caused by biofilm- and non-biofilm-forming isolates of A. baumannii, respectively, were enrolled. The clinical demographics, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm-forming ability, and patient clinical outcomes were analyzed. The biofilm-forming ability of the isolates was assessed using a microtiter plate assay. Multivariate analysis revealed the higher APACHE II score, shock status, lack of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and carbapenem resistance of the infected strain were independent risk factors of 28-day mortality in the patients with A. baumannii bacteremia. However, there was no significant difference between the 28-day survival and non-survival groups, in terms of the biofilm forming ability. Compared to the patients infected with non-biofilm-forming isolates, those infected with biofilm-forming isolates had a lower in-hospital mortality rate. Patients with either congestive heart failure, underlying hematological malignancy, or chemotherapy recipients were more likely to become infected with the biofilm-forming isolates. Multivariate analysis showed congestive heart failure was an independent risk factor of infection with biofilm-forming isolates, while those with arterial lines tended to be infected with non-biofilm-forming isolates. There were no significant differences in the sources of infection between the biofilm-forming and non-biofilm-forming isolate groups. Carbapenem susceptibility was also similar between these groups. In conclusion, the patients infected with the biofilm-forming isolates of the A. baumannii exhibited different clinical features than those infected with non-biofilm-forming isolates. The biofilm-forming ability of A. baumannii may also influence the antibiotic susceptibility of its isolates. However, it was not an independent risk factor for a 28-day mortality in the patients with bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ta Chiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Ren Sun
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institute, Maoli County, Taiwan
| | - Aristine Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Pan Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuag-Meng Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tzu Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yung-Chih Wang, ; Yi-Tzu Lee,
| | - Yung-Chih Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yung-Chih Wang, ; Yi-Tzu Lee,
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Dolma KG, Khati R, Paul AK, Rahmatullah M, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wilairatana P, Khandelwal B, Gupta C, Gautam D, Gupta M, Goyal RK, Wiart C, Nissapatorn V. Virulence Characteristics and Emerging Therapies for Biofilm-Forming Acinetobacter baumannii: A Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091343. [PMID: 36138822 PMCID: PMC9495682 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is one of the ESKAPE organisms and has the competency to build biofilms. These biofilms account for the most nosocomial infections all over the world. This review reflects on the various physicochemical and environmental factors such as adhesion, pili expression, growth surfaces, drug-resistant genes, and virulence factors that profoundly affect its resistant forte. Emerging drug-resistant issues and limitations to newer drugs are other factors affecting the hospital environment. Here, we discuss newer and alternative methods that can significantly enhance the susceptibility to Acinetobacter spp. Many new antibiotics are under trials, such as GSK-3342830, The Cefiderocol (S-649266), Fimsbactin, and similar. On the other hand, we can also see the impact of traditional medicine and the secondary metabolites of these natural products’ application in searching for new treatments. The field of nanoparticles has demonstrated effective antimicrobial actions and has exhibited encouraging results in the field of nanomedicine. The use of various phages such as vWUPSU and phage ISTD as an alternative treatment for its specificity and effectiveness is being investigated. Cathelicidins obtained synthetically or from natural sources can effectively produce antimicrobial activity in the micromolar range. Radioimmunotherapy and photodynamic therapy have boundless prospects if explored as a therapeutic antimicrobial strategy. Abstract Acinetobacter species is one of the most prevailing nosocomial pathogens with a potent ability to develop antimicrobial resistance. It commonly causes infections where there is a prolonged utilization of medical devices such as CSF shunts, catheters, endotracheal tubes, and similar. There are several strains of Acinetobacter (A) species (spp), among which the majority are pathogenic to humans, but A. baumannii are entirely resistant to several clinically available antibiotics. The crucial mechanism that renders them a multidrug-resistant strain is their potent ability to synthesize biofilms. Biofilms provide ample opportunity for the microorganisms to withstand the harsh environment and further cause chronic infections. Several studies have enumerated multiple physiological and virulence factors responsible for the production and maintenance of biofilms. To further enhance our understanding of this pathogen, in this review, we discuss its taxonomy, pathogenesis, current treatment options, global resistance rates, mechanisms of its resistance against various groups of antimicrobials, and future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma G. Dolma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Rachana Khati
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (V.N.)
| | - Bidita Khandelwal
- Department of Medicine, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Chamma Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Deepan Gautam
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Ramesh K. Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (V.N.)
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Robin B, Nicol M, Le H, Tahrioui A, Schaumann A, Vuillemenot JB, Vergoz D, Lesouhaitier O, Jouenne T, Hardouin J, Potron A, Perrot V, Dé E. MacAB-TolC Contributes to the Development of Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm at the Solid–Liquid Interface. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:785161. [PMID: 35095797 PMCID: PMC8792954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most problematic bacterial pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired and community infections worldwide. Besides its high capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance mechanisms, it also presents high adhesion abilities on inert and living surfaces leading to biofilm development. This lifestyle confers additional protection against various treatments and allows it to persist for long periods in various hospital niches. Due to their remarkable antimicrobial tolerance, A. baumannii biofilms are difficult to control and ultimately eradicate. Further insights into the mechanism of biofilm development will help to overcome this challenge and to develop novel antibiofilm strategies. To unravel critical determinants of this sessile lifestyle, the proteomic profiles of two A. baumannii strains (ATTC17978 and SDF) grown in planktonic stationary phase or in mature solid–liquid (S-L) biofilm were compared using a semiquantitative proteomic study. Of interest, among the 69 common proteins determinants accumulated in the two strains at the S-L interface, we sorted out the MacAB-TolC system. This tripartite efflux pump played a role in A. baumannii biofilm formation as demonstrated by using ΔmacAB-tolC deletion mutant. Complementary approaches allowed us to get an overview of the impact of macAB-tolC deletion in A. baumannii physiology. Indeed, this efflux pump appeared to be involved in the envelope stress response occurring in mature biofilm. It contributes to maintain wild type (WT) membrane rigidity and provides tolerance to high osmolarity conditions. In addition, this system is probably involved in the maintenance of iron and sulfur homeostasis. MacAB-TolC might help this pathogen face and adapt to deleterious conditions occurring in mature biofilms. Increasing our knowledge of A. baumannii biofilm formation will undoubtedly help us develop new therapeutic strategies to tackle this emerging threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Robin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Nicol
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Hung Le
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, LMSM EA4312, Evreux, France
| | - Annick Schaumann
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | - Delphine Vergoz
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | | | - Thierry Jouenne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Anaïs Potron
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Valérie Perrot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie Perrot,
| | - Emmanuelle Dé
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- Emmanuelle Dé,
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Sherif MM, Elkhatib WF, Khalaf WS, Elleboudy NS, Abdelaziz NA. Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilms: Evaluation of Phenotypic-Genotypic Association and Susceptibility to Cinnamic and Gallic Acids. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716627. [PMID: 34650528 PMCID: PMC8508616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii armed with multidrug resistance (MDR) and biofilm-forming ability is increasingly recognized as an alarming pathogen. A deeper comprehension of the correlation between these two armories is required in circumventing its infections. This study examined the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates by crystal violet staining and the antibiotic susceptibility by broth microdilution method. The genetic basis of the MDR and biofilm-forming phenotypes was screened by polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial activities of cinnamic and gallic acids against planktonic cells and biofilms of A. baumannii were investigated, and the findings were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among 90 A. baumannii isolates, 69 (76.6%) were MDR, and all were biofilm formers; they were classified into weak (12.2%), moderate (53.3%), and strong (34.5%) biofilm formers. Our results underlined a significant association between MDR and enhanced biofilm formation. Genotypically, the presence of blaVIM and blaOXA–23 genes along with biofilm-related genes (ompA, bap, and csuE) was statistically associated with the biofilm-forming abilities. Impressively, both gallic and cinnamic acids could significantly reduce the MDR A. baumannii biofilms with variable degrees dependent on the phenotype–genotype characteristics of the tested isolates. The current findings may possess future therapeutic impact through augmenting antimicrobial arsenal against life-threatening infections with MDR A. baumannii biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Sherif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Al Galala, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Khalaf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nooran S Elleboudy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
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Gedefie A, Demsis W, Ashagrie M, Kassa Y, Tesfaye M, Tilahun M, Bisetegn H, Sahle Z. Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation and Its Role in Disease Pathogenesis: A Review. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:3711-3719. [PMID: 34531666 PMCID: PMC8439624 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s332051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter species, particularly Acinetobacter baumannii, is the first pathogen on the critical priority list of pathogens for novel antibiotics to become a "red-alert" human pathogen. Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging global antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria that most typically causes biofilm-associated infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia and catheter-related infection, both of which are resistant to antibiotic therapy. A. baumannii's capacity to develop antibiotic resistance mechanisms allows the organism to thrive in hospital settings, facilitating the global spread of multidrug-resistant strains. Although Acinetobacter infections are quickly expanding throughout hospital environments around the world, the highest concentration of infections occurs in intensive care units (ICUs). Biofilms are populations of bacteria on biotic or abiotic surfaces that are encased in the extracellular matrix and play a crucial role in pathogenesis, making treatment options more difficult. Even though a variety of biological and environmental elements are involved in the production of A. baumannii biofilms, glucose is the most important component. Biofilm-mediated A. baumannii infections are the most common type of A. baumannii infection associated with medical equipment, and they are extremely difficult to treat. As a result, health care workers (HCWs) should focus on infection prevention and safety actions to avoid A. baumannii biofilm-related infections caused by medical devices, and they should be very selective when using treatments in combination with anti-biofilms. Therefore, this review discusses biofilm formation in A. baumannii, its role in disease pathogenesis, and its antimicrobial resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gedefie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Wondmagegn Demsis
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Ashagrie
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshimebet Kassa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Tesfaye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mihret Tilahun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Habtye Bisetegn
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Zenawork Sahle
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Debre Birhan Health Science College, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia
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8
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Lin HL, Chiang CE, Lin MC, Kau ML, Lin YT, Chen CS. Aerosolized Hypertonic Saline Hinders Biofilm Formation to Enhance Antibiotic Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091115. [PMID: 34572697 PMCID: PMC8465634 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited therapeutic options are available for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB), and the development of effective treatments is urgently needed. The efficacy of four aerosolized antibiotics (gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem, and meropenem) on three different MDR-AB strains was evaluated using hypertonic saline (HS, 7 g/100 mL) as the aerosol carrier. HS aerosol effectively hindered biofilm formation by specific MDR-AB strains. It could also interrupt the swarming dynamics of MDR-AB and the production of extracellular polymeric substances, which are essential for biofilm progression. Biofilms protect the microorganisms from antibiotics. The use of HS aerosol as a carrier resulted in a decreased tolerance to gentamicin and amikacin in the biofilm-rich MDR-AB. Moreover, we tested the aerosol characteristics of antibiotics mixed with HS and saline, and results showed that HS enhanced the inhaled delivery dose with a smaller particle size distribution of the four antibiotics. Our findings demonstrate the potential of using “old” antibiotics with our “new” aerosol carrier, and potentiate an alternative therapeutic strategy to eliminate MDR-AB infections from a biofilm-disruption perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan; (H.-L.L.); (Y.-T.L.)
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan;
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chen-En Chiang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Chun Lin
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (M.-L.K.)
| | - Mei-Lan Kau
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (M.-L.K.)
| | - Yun-Tzu Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan; (H.-L.L.); (Y.-T.L.)
| | - Chi-Shuo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan; (H.-L.L.); (Y.-T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-574-2680; Fax: +886-3-571-8649
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9
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Jaiswal P, Sharma S, Pratap A, Ansari M, Shukla VK, Basu S, Banerjee T. Significant presence of biofilm-producing gut-derived bacteria in anal fistula of chronic duration. Int Wound J 2021; 18:519-524. [PMID: 33544431 PMCID: PMC8273591 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fistula-in-ano though not a life-threatening condition, yet its symptoms often significantly impact patients' social, intimate, and work lives. There is an established role of bacterial microflora in acute infections. However, we proposed that biofilm-forming organisms might be present in the microflora of anal fistula of prolonged duration. This aspect has rarely been studied earlier. Therefore, the study describes the microbiology of anal fistula and the biofilm-forming capacity of the isolated organisms. A total of 30 patients were included in the study as per the criteria. Anal fistula tissue sample, tissue fluid, and blood samples were collected from each individual. The collected specimens were detected for the presence of aerobic and anaerobic microflora through standard microbiological method and polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the role of biofilm formation by microtitre plate assay and serum matrix metalloproteinases-9 was also studied. The result showed significant predominance of gut-derived microflora with high-to-moderate biofilm-producing ability in anal fistulas of prolonged duration. The study emphasises the presence of biofilm-forming bacteria in chronic, non-healing fistula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakhar Jaiswal
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Swati Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Arvind Pratap
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Mumtaz Ansari
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Vijay K Shukla
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Somprakas Basu
- Department of General SurgeryAll India Institute of Medical SciencesRishikeshUttarakhandIndia
| | - Tuhina Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar PradeshIndia
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10
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Phage φAB6-Borne Depolymerase Combats Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm Formation and Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030279. [PMID: 33803296 PMCID: PMC7998257 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is one of the main causes of increased antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Bacteriophages and their derivatives, such as tail proteins with depolymerase activity, have shown considerable potential as antibacterial or antivirulence agents against bacterial infections. Here, we gained insights into the activity of a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) depolymerase, derived from the tailspike protein (TSP) of φAB6 phage, to degrade A. baumannii biofilm in vitro. Recombinant TSP showed enzymatic activity and was able to significantly inhibit biofilm formation and degrade formed biofilms; as low as 0.78 ng, the inhibition zone can still be formed on the bacterial lawn. Additionally, TSP inhibited the colonization of A. baumannii on the surface of Foley catheter sections, indicating that it can be used to prevent the adhesion of A. baumannii to medical device surfaces. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy demonstrated membrane leakage of bacterial cells treated with TSP, resulting in cell death. The therapeutic effect of TSP in zebrafish was also evaluated and the results showed that the survival rate was significantly improved (80%) compared with that of the untreated control group (10%). Altogether, we show that TSP derived from φAB6 is expected to become a new antibiotic against multi-drug resistant A. baumannii and a biocontrol agent that prevents the formation of biofilms on medical devices.
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11
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Bogue AL, Panmanee W, McDaniel CT, Mortensen JE, Kamau E, Actis LA, Johannigman JA, Schurr MJ, Satish L, Kotagiri N, Hassett DJ. AB569, a non-toxic combination of acidified nitrite and EDTA, is effective at killing the notorious Iraq/Afghanistan combat wound pathogens, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Acinetobacter spp. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247513. [PMID: 33657146 PMCID: PMC7928478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) and Acinetobacter spp. present monumental global health challenges. These organisms represent model Gram-negative pathogens with known antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming properties. Herein, a novel, nontoxic biocide, AB569, consisting of acidified nitrite (A-NO2-) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), demonstrated bactericidal activity against all Ab and Acinetobacter spp. strains, respectively. Average fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) of 0.25 mM EDTA plus 4 mM A-NO2- were observed across several clinical reference and multiple combat wound isolates from the Iraq/Afghanistan wars. Importantly, toxicity testing on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) revealed an upper toxicity limit of 3 mM EDTA plus 64 mM A-NO2-, and thus are in the therapeutic range for effective Ab and Acinetobacter spp. treatment. Following treatment of Ab strain ATCC 19606 with AB569, quantitative PCR analysis of selected genes products to be responsive to AB569 revealed up-regulation of iron regulated genes involved in siderophore production, siderophore biosynthesis non-ribosomal peptide synthetase module (SBNRPSM), and siderophore biosynthesis protein monooxygenase (SBPM) when compared to untreated organisms. Taken together, treating Ab infections with AB569 at inhibitory concentrations reveals the potential clinical application of preventing Ab from gaining an early growth advantage during infection followed by extensive bactericidal activity upon subsequent exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Bogue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton (Wright-Patterson Air Force Base), Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Warunya Panmanee
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Cameron T. McDaniel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Joel E. Mortensen
- Diagnostic Infectious Disease Testing Laboratory and Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Edwin Kamau
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Actis
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Jay A. Johannigman
- U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Schurr
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Latha Satish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Nalinikanth Kotagiri
- Research Department, Shriners Hospitals for Children- Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Nocera FP, Attili AR, De Martino L. Acinetobacter baumannii: Its Clinical Significance in Human and Veterinary Medicine. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020127. [PMID: 33513701 PMCID: PMC7911418 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen, causing severe infections difficult to treat. The A. baumannii infection rate has increased year by year in human medicine and it is also considered as a major cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. This bacterium, also well known for its ability to form biofilms, has a strong environmental adaptability and the characteristics of multi-drug resistance. Indeed, strains showing fully resistant profiles represent a worrisome problem in clinical therapeutic treatment. Furthermore, A. baumannii-associated veterinary nosocomial infections has been reported in recent literature. Particularly, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii can be considered an emerging opportunistic pathogen in human medicine as well as in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paola Nocera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy;
| | - Anna-Rita Attili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Luisa De Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80137 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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13
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McCarthy RR, Larrouy-Maumus GJ, Meiqi Tan MGC, Wareham DW. Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Their Transmission in Acinetobacter baumannii. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1313:135-153. [PMID: 34661894 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67452-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of penicillin over 90 years ago and its subsequent uptake by healthcare systems around the world revolutionised global health. It marked the beginning of a golden age in antibiotic discovery with new antibiotics readily discovered from natural sources and refined into therapies that saved millions of lives. Towards the end of the last century, the rate of discovery slowed to a near standstill. The lack of discovery is compounded by the rapid emergence and spread of bacterial pathogens that exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotic therapies and threaten the sustainability of global healthcare systems. Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen whose prevalence and impact has grown significantly over the last 20 years. It is recognised as a barometer of the antibiotic resistance crisis due to the diverse array of mechanisms by which it can become resistant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan R McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
| | - Gerald J Larrouy-Maumus
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mei Gei C Meiqi Tan
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - David W Wareham
- Antimicrobial Research Group, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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14
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Peng Q, Lin F, Ling B. In vitro activity of biofilm inhibitors in combination with antibacterial drugs against extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18097. [PMID: 33093606 PMCID: PMC7581519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a common pathogen of nosocomial infection, and its ability to form biofilms further contributes to its virulence and multidrug resistance, posing a great threat to global public health. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of five biofilm inhibitors (BFIs) (zinc lactate, stannous fluoride, furanone, azithromycin, and rifampicin) on biofilm formation of nine extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDRAB), and assessed the synergistic antibacterial effects of these BFIs when combined with one of four conventional anti-A. baumannii antibiotics (imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, and polymyxin B). Each of the five BFIs tested was found to be able to significantly inhibit biofilm formation of all the clinical isolates tested under sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations. Then, we observed synergistic effects (in 22%, 56% and 11% of the isolates) and additive effects (56%, 44% and 44%) when zinc lactate, stannous fluoride and furanone were combined with tigecycline, respectively. When zinc lactate and stannous fluoride were each used with a carbapenem (imipenem or meropenem), in 33% and 56-67% of the isolates, they showed synergistic and additive effects, respectively. Additivity in > 50% of the isolates was detected when rifampicin was combined with imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, or polymyxin B; and a 100% additivity was noted with azithromycin-polymyxin B combination. However, antagonism and indifference were noted for polymyxin B in its combination with zinc lactate and stannous fluoride, respectively. In conclusion, five BFIs in combination with four antibacterial drugs showed different degrees of in vitro synergistic and additive antibacterial effects against XDRAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Baodong Ling
- Sichuan Province College Key Laboratory of Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
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15
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Lindarto WW, Wasito EB, Debora K. Effect of Glucose Induction on Biofilm Density in Clinical Isolate Acinetobacter baumannii Patients in Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v56i2.21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of glucose induction on the clinical isolate biofilm density of Acinetobacter baumannii. Thirteen clinical isolates of A. baumannii non biofilm forming were collected from non-DM patients who were treated at the ICU of Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, was treated with the addition of 0.08% glucose, 0.15% glucose, 0.2% glucose, and 0.4% glucose in TSB growth media, followed by biofilm density examination with Tissue Culture Plate Method (TCPM) using 96 wells flatbottomed polyesterene tissue culture plate and read by autoreader ELISA with a wavelength of 630 nm (OD630). Biofilm density obtained was analyzed using ANOVA statistical analysis. The results of OD630 showed that the biofilm density increased significantly at the addition of 0.2% and 0.4% glucose. There was a significant increase in biofilm density at the addition of 0.2% and 0.4% glucose so that the management of blood sugar levels in ICU patients was needed before and when medical devices were installed.
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16
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Lin MF, Lin YY, Lan CY. Characterization of biofilm production in different strains of Acinetobacter baumannii and the effects of chemical compounds on biofilm formation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9020. [PMID: 32523805 PMCID: PMC7261477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, an important emerging pathogen of nosocomial infections, is known for its ability to form biofilms. Biofilm formation increases the survival rate of A. baumannii on dry surfaces and may contribute to its persistence in the hospital environment, which increases the probability of nosocomial infections and outbreaks. This study was undertaken to characterize the biofilm production of different strains of A. baumannii and the effects of chemical compounds, especially antibiotics, on biofilm formation. In this study, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the ability to form a biofilm and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the A. baumannii clinical isolates. Biofilm formation caused by A. baumannii ATCC 17978 after gene knockout of two-component regulatory system gene baeR, efflux pump genes emrA/emrB and outer membrane coding gene ompA revealed that all mutant strains had less biofilm formation than the wild-type strain, which was further supported by the images from scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The addition of amikacin, colistin, LL-37 or tannic acid decreased the biofilm formation ability of A. baumannii. In contrast, the addition of lower subinhibitory concentration tigecycline increased the biofilm formation ability of A. baumannii. Minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of amikacin, imipenem, colistin, and tigecycline were increased obviously for both wild type and multidrug resistant clinical strain A. baumannii VGH2. In conclusion, the biofilm formation ability of A. baumannii varied in different strains, involved many genes and could be influenced by many chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Feng Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Chu-Tung Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Yun-You Lin
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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17
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Pompilio A, Savini V, Fiscarelli E, Gherardi G, Di Bonaventura G. Clonal Diversity, Biofilm Formation, and Antimicrobial Resistance among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Strains from Cystic Fibrosis and Non-Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9010015. [PMID: 31906465 PMCID: PMC7168283 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic antibiotic resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, along with its ability to form biofilm both on abiotic surfaces and host tissues, dramatically affects the efficacy of the antibiotic therapy. In this work, 85 S. maltophilia strains isolated in several hospital of central Italy and from several clinical settings were evaluated for their genetic relatedness (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE), biofilm formation (by microtiter plate assay), and planktonic antibiotic resistance (by Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique). The S. maltophilia population showed a high genetic heterogeneity: 64 different PFGE types were identified, equally distributed in cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF strains, and some consisted of multiple strains. Most of the strains (88.2%) were able to form biofilm, although non-CF strains were significantly more efficient than CF strains. CF strains produced lower biofilm amounts than non-CF strains, both those from respiratory tracts and blood. Non-CF PFGE types 3 and 27 consisted of strong-producers only. Cotrimoxazole and levofloxacin were the most effective antibiotics, being active respectively against 81.2% and 72.9% of strains. CF strains were significantly more resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam compared to non-CF strains (90% versus 53.3%), regardless of sample type. Among respiratory strains, cotrimoxazole was more active against non-CF than CF strains (susceptibility rates: 86.7% versus 75%). The multidrug resistant phenotype was significantly more prevalent in CF than non-CF strains (90% versus 66.7%). Overall, the multidrug-resistance level was negatively associated with efficiency in biofilm formation. Our results showed, for the first time, that in S. maltophilia both classical planktonic drug resistance and the ability of biofilm formation might favor its dissemination in the hospital setting. Biofilm formation might in fact act as a survival mechanism for susceptible bacteria, suggesting that clinical isolates should be routinely assayed for biofilm formation in diagnostic laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center of Advanced Sciences and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Savini
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Spirito Santo Hospital, Via Fonte Romana 8, 65124 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Ersilia Fiscarelli
- Laboratory of Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology, “Bambino Gesú” Hospital, Piazza di Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Gherardi
- Campus Biomedico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center of Advanced Sciences and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Iron/Heme Metabolism-Targeted Gallium(III) Nanoparticles Are Active against Extracellular and Intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02643-18. [PMID: 30782994 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02643-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron/heme acquisition systems are critical for microorganisms to acquire iron from the human host, where iron sources are limited due to the nutritional immune system and insolubility of the ferric form of iron. Prior work has shown that a variety of gallium compounds can interfere with bacterial iron acquisition. This study explored the intra- and extracellular antimicrobial activities of gallium protoporphyrin (GaPP), gallium mesoporphyrin (GaMP), and nanoparticles encapsulating GaPP or GaMP against the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, including clinical isolates. All P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to GaPP and GaMP, with MICs ranging from 0.5 to ∼32 μg/ml in iron-depleted medium. Significant intra- and extracellular growth inhibition was observed against P. aeruginosa cultured in macrophages at a gallium concentration of 3.3 μg/ml (5 μM) of all Ga(III) compounds, including nanoparticles. Nanoparticle formulations showed prolonged activity against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii in previously infected macrophages. When the macrophages were loaded with the nanoparticles 3 days prior to infection, there was a 5-fold decrease in growth of P. aeruginosa in the presence of single emulsion F127 copolymer nanoparticles encapsulating GaMP (eFGaMP). In addition, all Ga(III) porphyrins and nanoparticles showed significant intracellular and antibiofilm activity against both pathogens, with the nanoparticles exhibiting intracellular activity for 3 days. Ga nanoparticles also increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes infected by P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii Our results demonstrate that Ga nanoparticles have prolonged in vitro and in vivo activities against both P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, including disruption of their biofilms.
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19
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Sherman EX, Wozniak JE, Weiss DS. Methods to Evaluate Colistin Heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1946:39-50. [PMID: 30798542 PMCID: PMC6637766 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9118-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The nosocomial pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii is a growing threat to public health due to its increasing resistance to antibiotics including the last-line polymyxin, colistin. Heteroresistance to colistin has been described in A. baumannii, wherein a resistant subpopulation of cells coexisting with a majority susceptible subpopulation actively grows in the presence of antibiotic and can cause treatment failure. The shortcomings of diagnostic tests in detecting colistin heteroresistance are especially worrisome as they may lead to clinicians unknowingly prescribing an ineffective antibiotic, leading to increased patient morbidity and mortality.Several techniques can be used to detect heteroresistance, and the purpose of this chapter is to outline effective methods for identifying, quantifying, and analyzing heteroresistance to colistin in A. baumannii. We will highlight the advantages and disadvantages of techniques including population analysis profile (PAP), Etest, and disc diffusion, as well as additional methods to distinguish heteroresistance from other forms of resistance. While the scope of this chapter will focus on colistin heteroresistance in A. baumannii, these techniques can be adapted for the study of heteroresistance to other antibiotics and in other bacteria with slight modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar X Sherman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessie E Wozniak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David S Weiss
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Research Service, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA.
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20
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Eze EC, Chenia HY, El Zowalaty ME. Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms: effects of physicochemical factors, virulence, antibiotic resistance determinants, gene regulation, and future antimicrobial treatments. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:2277-2299. [PMID: 30532562 PMCID: PMC6245380 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s169894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a leading cause of nosocomial infections due to its increased antibiotic resistance and virulence. The ability of A. baumannii to form biofilms contributes to its survival in adverse environmental conditions including hospital environments and medical devices. A. baumannii has undoubtedly propelled the interest of biomedical researchers due to its broad range of associated infections especially in hospital intensive care units. The interplay among microbial physicochemistry, alterations in the phenotype and genotypic determinants, and the impact of existing ecological niche and the chemistry of antimicrobial agents has led to enhanced biofilm formation resulting in limited access of drugs to their specific targets. Understanding the triggers to biofilm formation is a step towards limiting and containing biofilm-associated infections and development of biofilm-specific countermeasures. The present review therefore focused on explaining the impact of environmental factors, antimicrobial resistance, gene alteration and regulation, and the prevailing microbial ecology in A. baumannii biofilm formation and gives insights into prospective anti-infective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel C Eze
- Virology and Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,
| | - Hafizah Y Chenia
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohamed E El Zowalaty
- Virology and Microbiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa,
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21
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Kushwaha M, Jain SK, Sharma N, Abrol V, Jaglan S, Vishwakarma RA. Establishment of LCMS Based Platform for Discovery of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors: Signal Detection in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:657-665. [PMID: 29303546 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the main three networking systems, viz. Las, RhI, and PQS, via natural quenchers is a new ray of hope for combating the persistent behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the bacterial chemical vocabulary pyocyanin, N-AHLs and rhamnolipids are the main keywords, which are responsible for the social and nomadic behavior of P. aeruginosa. In the present work, LC-MS based real-time qualitative and quantitative analysis of pyocyanin, green phenazine, N-AHLs, and rhamnolipids were performed on P. aeruginosa PAO1. The quantitative analysis indicates that the production of pyocyanin and NHSLs increases with time while the production of rhamnolipids discontinued after 16 h. This indicates the emergence of persisters in the medium instead of planktonic cells. Rhamnolipids acting as a surfactant enhances the motility of the bacterial cells, whereas the pyocyanin is responsible for the biofilm formation. In a microtiter plate based assay, an effect of capsaicin and 6-gingerol was recorded. In the presence of capsaicin and 6-gingerol, a substantial decrease in the production of rhamnolipids, phenazine, quinolone, and N-AHLs was observed. Most interestingly, the 6-gingerol treatment led to a drastic decrease of rhamnolipids, phenazine, quinolone, and N-AHLs versus capsaicin. These studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the capsaicin and 6-gingerol on Las, PQS, and Rhl circuits in a bacterium in order to understand the persistent and social behavior. Here, we are reporting LC-MS/MS based qualitative and quantitative analysis of QS molecules by taking a low volume of culture (up to 200 μL). This method can be used as a platform to screen the new antivirulence agents for fighting the resistant behavior of P. aeruginosa during biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kushwaha
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143001, Punjab, India
| | - Shreyans K. Jain
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu Campus, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Vidushi Abrol
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Microbial Biotechnology Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Jammu Campus, Jammu-180001, India
| | - Ram A. Vishwakarma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR), Canal Road, Jammu-180001, India
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22
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Raible KM, Sen B, Law N, Bias TE, Emery CL, Ehrlich GD, Joshi SG. Molecular characterization of β-lactamase genes in clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:75. [PMID: 29145853 PMCID: PMC5691885 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen which is establishing as a major cause of morbidity and mortality within the healthcare community. The success of this pathogen is largely due to its ability to rapidly gain resistance to antimicrobial therapies and its capability to persist in an abiotic environment through the production of a biofilm. Our tertiary-care hospital has showed high incidence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates. Methods In this study we explore both genotypic and phenotypic properties of 26 CRAB isolates: 16 isolates were collected from January 2010 to March 2011, and 10 were collected between February and May 2015. Results We determined that all 26 CRAB isolates possessed multiple β-lactamase genes, including genes from Groups A, C, and D. Specifically, 42% of the isolates possesses the potentially plasmid-borne genes of OXA-23-like or OXA-40-like β-lactamase. The presence of mobile gene element integron cassettes and/or integrases in 88% of the isolates suggests a possible mechanism of dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Additionally, the location of insertion sequence (IS) ISAba1 in promotor region of of the OXA-51-like, ADC-7, and ampC genes was confirmed. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) demonstrated that all 26 CRAB isolates were either sequence type (ST)-229 or ST-2. Interestingly, ST-2 went from being the minority CRAB strain in the 2010–2011 isolates to the predominant strain in the 2015 isolates (from 32 to 90%). We show that the ST-2 strains have an enhanced ability to produce biofilms in comparison to the ST-229 strains, and this fact has potentially led to more successful colonization of the clinical environment over time. Conclusions This study provides a longitudinal genetic and phenotypic survey of two CRAB sequence types, and suggests how their differing phenotypes may interact with the selective pressures of a hospital setting effecting strain dominance over a 5-year period. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12941-017-0248-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Raible
- Center for Surgical Infections & Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Bhaswati Sen
- Center for Surgical Infections & Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Nancy Law
- Center for Surgical Infections & Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Tiffany E Bias
- Center for Surgical Infections & Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Christopher L Emery
- Center for Surgical Infections & Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Center for Surgical Infections & Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Suresh G Joshi
- Center for Surgical Infections & Biofilms, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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23
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Baniya B, Pant ND, Neupane S, Khatiwada S, Yadav UN, Bhandari N, Khadka R, Bhatta S, Chaudhary R. Biofilm and metallo beta-lactamase production among the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2017; 16:70. [PMID: 29096652 PMCID: PMC5667469 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-017-0245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. are found to be associated with biofilm and metallo-β-lactamase production and are the common causes of serious infections mainly in hospitalized patients. So, the main aims of this study were to determine the rates of biofilm production and metallo beta-lactamase production (MBL) among the strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. isolated from hospitalized patients. Methods A total of 85 P. aeruginosa isolates and 50 Acinetobacter spp. isolates isolated from different clinical specimens from patients admitted to Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from July 2013 to May 2014 were included in this study. The bacterial isolates were identified with the help of biochemical tests. Modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Combined disc diffusion technique was used for the detection of MBL production, while Congo red agar method and tube adherence method were used for detection of biofilm production. Results Around 16.4% of P. aeruginosa isolates and 22% of the strains of Acinetobacter spp. were metallo β-lactamase producers. Out of 85 P. aeruginosa isolates, 23 (27.05%) were biofilm producers according to tube adherence test while, only 13 (15.29%) were biofilm producers as per Congo red agar method. Similarly, out of 50 Acinetobacter spp. 7 (14%) isolates were biofilm producers on the basis of tube adherence test, while only 5 (10%) were positive for biofilm production by Congo red agar method. Highest rates of susceptibility of P. aeruginosa as well as Acinetobacter spp. were seen toward colistin. Conclusion In our study, biofilm production and metallo beta-lactamase production were observed among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. However, no statistically significant association could be established between biofilm production and metallo beta-lactamase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandana Baniya
- Department of Microbiology, Kantipur College of Medical Science, Sitapaila, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Narayan Dutt Pant
- Department of Microbiology, Grande International Hospital, Dhapasi, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Sanjeev Neupane
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Saroj Khatiwada
- Department of Biochemistry, Modern Technical College, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Nisha Bhandari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Rama Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Kantipur College of Medical Science, Sitapaila, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sabita Bhatta
- Department of Microbiology, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Syanobharyang, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Raina Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Syanobharyang, Kathmandu, Nepal
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24
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Chen R, Lv R, Xiao L, Wang M, Du Z, Tan Y, Cui Y, Yan Y, Luo Y, Yang R, Song Y. A1S_2811, a CheA/Y-like hybrid two-component regulator from Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC17978, is involved in surface motility and biofilm formation in this bacterium. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28714256 PMCID: PMC5635159 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Two‐component systems in Acinetobacter baumannii are associated with its virulence, drug resistance, motility, biofilm formation, and other characteristics. In this study, we used RecAb, a genetic engineering method, to investigate the function of A1S_2811 in A. baumannii strain ATCC17978. A1S_2811, a hypothetical hybrid sensor histidine kinase/response regulator, has four histidine‐containing phosphotransfer domains, a CheA‐like regulatory domain, and a CheY‐like receiver domain at its C terminus. Compared with the ATCC17978 strain, both surface motility and biofilm formation at the gas–liquid interface decreased significantly in the A1S_2811 knock‐out strain. The number of pilus‐like structures and the amount of extrapolymeric substances on the cell surface also decreased in the A1S_2811 null strain. Transcription of abaI, which encodes an N‐acylhomoserine lactone synthase in A. baumannii , decreased significantly in the A1S_2811 null strain, and supplementation with synthetic N‐(3‐oxodecanoyl) homoserine‐l‐lactone rescued the surface motility and biofilm formation phenotype in the null mutant. We speculate that A1S_2811 regulates surface motility and biofilm formation, not by regulating type IV pili‐associated genes expression, but by regulating the chaperone/usher pili‐associated csuA/ABCDE operon and the AbaI‐dependent quorum‐sensing pathway‐associated A1S_0112‐0119 operon instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lisheng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yafang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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25
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Castilho SRA, Godoy CSDM, Guilarde AO, Cardoso JL, André MCP, Junqueira-Kipnis AP, Kipnis A. Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients in intensive care units in Goiânia, Brazil: Molecular and drug susceptibility profiles. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176790. [PMID: 28475585 PMCID: PMC5419545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobial agents is increasing worldwide and imposes significant life-threatening risks to several different populations, especially those in intensive care units (ICUs). Bacteria can quickly develop or acquire resistance to antimicrobial drugs, and combined with their intrinsic potential to cause disease in humans, these bacteria can become deadly. Among Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii is notorious as a frequent opportunistic pathogen associated with critically ill patients, and understanding the genetic basis of A. baumannii resistance to beta-lactams among patients in ICUs will result in better protocols to prevent the development of resistance as well as improved treatment regimens. In this study, we assessed 1333 patients in five ICUs, 56 of whom developed A. baumannii infections. Most of the A. baumannii isolates were resistant to beta-lactam antimicrobial drugs, specifically, 3rd- and 4th-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems, and 91.1% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). The most frequent OXA gene present was OXA-23 (55.1%), which is significantly associated with MDR strains. Most of the A. baumannii isolates (76.8%) were capable of forming a biofilm. The antimicrobial drug classes that were effective against most of these isolates were polymyxins and tigecycline. The molecular profile of the isolates allowed detection of 12 different clusters comprising 2 to 8 isolates each. In conclusion, our data indicate a high incidence of resistance to carbapenems as well as MDR strains among the observed A. baumannii isolates, most of which exhibited a high prevalence of OXA-23 gene expression. Only a few selective drugs were effective, reinforcing the notion that bacterial resistance is an emerging problem that should be prioritized in every healthcare facility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cássia Silva de Miranda Godoy
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health of Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Hospital of Tropical Diseases Dr. Anuar Auad, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Adriana Oliveira Guilarde
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health of Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Hospital of Tropical Diseases Dr. Anuar Auad, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lamaro Cardoso
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health of Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health of Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - André Kipnis
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health of Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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26
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Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Human Cationic Antibacterial Peptide (LL-37) and Its Analogs Against Pan-Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.35857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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27
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Greene C, Vadlamudi G, Newton D, Foxman B, Xi C. The influence of biofilm formation and multidrug resistance on environmental survival of clinical and environmental isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:e65-71. [PMID: 26851196 PMCID: PMC6993530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen. Its ability to form biofilm and increasing resistance to antibiotic agents present challenges for infection control. A better understanding of the influence of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance on environmental persistence of A baumannii in hospital settings is needed for more effective infection control. METHODS A baumannii strains isolated from patients and the hospital environment were identified via Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics, Bellerica, MA), repetitive extragenic palindromic polymerase chain reaction genotyped, and antibiotic resistance was determined using Vitek 2 (bioMérieux, Inc, Durham NC). Biofilm mass was quantified via microtiter plate method and desiccation tolerance determined up to 56 days. RESULTS High biofilm forming, clinical, multidrug-resistant- (MDR) positive strains were 50% less likely to die of desiccation than low biofilm, non-MDR strains. In contrast, environmental, MDR-positive, low biofilm forming strains had a 2.7 times increase in risk of cell death due to desiccation compared with their MDR-negative counterparts. MDR-negative, high biofilm forming environmental strains had a 60% decrease in risk compared with their low biofilm forming counterparts. CONCLUSION The MDR-positive phenotype was deleterious for environmental strains and the high biofilm phenotype was critical for survival. This study provides evidence of the trade-off between antibiotic resistance and desiccation tolerance, driven by condition-dependent adaptation, and establishes rationale for research into the genetic basis of the variation in fitness cost between clinical and environmental isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Greene
- Department of Environmental Health and Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Gayathri Vadlamudi
- Department of Environmental Health and Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Duane Newton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Chuanwu Xi
- Department of Environmental Health and Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
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28
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Activity of Gallium Meso- and Protoporphyrin IX against Biofilms of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2016; 9:ph9010016. [PMID: 26999163 PMCID: PMC4812380 DOI: 10.3390/ph9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a challenging pathogen due to antimicrobial resistance and biofilm development. The role of iron in bacterial physiology has prompted the evaluation of iron-modulation as an antimicrobial strategy. The non-reducible iron analog gallium(III) nitrate, Ga(NO3)3, has been shown to inhibit A. baumannii planktonic growth; however, utilization of heme-iron by clinical isolates has been associated with development of tolerance. These observations prompted the evaluation of iron-heme sources on planktonic and biofilm growth, as well as antimicrobial activities of gallium meso- and protoporphyrin IX (Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX), metal heme derivatives against planktonic and biofilm bacteria of multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates of A. baumannii in vitro. Ga(NO3)3 was moderately effective at reducing planktonic bacteria (64 to 128 µM) with little activity against biofilms (≥512 µM). In contrast, Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX were highly active against planktonic bacteria (0.25 to 8 µM). Cytotoxic effects in human fibroblasts were observed following exposure to concentrations exceeding 128 µM of Ga-MPIX and Ga-PPIX. We observed that the gallium metal heme conjugates were more active against planktonic and biofilm bacteria, possibly due to utilization of heme-iron as demonstrated by the enhanced effects on bacterial growth and biofilm formation.
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29
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Hrv R, Devaki R, Kandi V. Evaluation of Different Phenotypic Techniques for the Detection of Slime Produced by Bacteria Isolated from Clinical Specimens. Cureus 2016; 8:e505. [PMID: 27026830 PMCID: PMC4807914 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microorganisms use various strategies for their survival in both the environment and in humans. Slime production by bacteria is one such mechanism by which microbes colonize on the indwelling prosthetic devices and form biofilms. Infections caused by such microorganisms are difficult to treat as the biofilm acts as a shield and protects microbes against antimicrobial agents. There are several methods for the detection of slime produced by bacteria, and they include both phenotypic and molecular methods. The present study evaluated the Congo red agar/broth method, Christensen’s method, dye elution technique, and the latex agglutination method for the demonstration of slime production by different bacterial clinical isolates. Materials & Methods We collected 151 bacterial clinical isolates (both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria) from various specimens and tested them for the production of slime both by qualitative and quantitative tests. Congo red agar/broth method, Christensen's method, dye elution technique, and latex agglutination methods were used for detecting the slime or slime-like substance. Results We found that 103 (68.2%) strains were positive for slime production by Congo red agar/broth method. It was found that 18 (94.7%) strains of Klebsiellapneumoniae, 21 (84.0%) strains of S aureus and 25 (65.7%) strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococci were positive for slime or slime-like substances by Congo red agar/broth method. A total of 41.0% of the strains positive by Christensen's method and 15.2% of the strains by dye elution technique were found to be more adherent organisms and that have the potential to form biofilms. Only the gram-positive organisms showed nonspecific agglutination with latex suspension. Conclusion Among the various phenotypic methods compared in this study the Congo red agar/broth method is a simple, economical, sensitive, and specific method that can be used by clinical microbiology laboratories for screening the strains for the presence of slime or slime-like substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Hrv
- Department of Microbiology, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & Research Centre
| | - Ramakrishna Devaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kamineni Academy of Medical Sciences & Research Centre
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30
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Discovery of cahuitamycins as biofilm inhibitors derived from a convergent biosynthetic pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10710. [PMID: 26880271 PMCID: PMC4757757 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms often have the ability to attach to a surface, building a complex matrix where they colonize to form a biofilm. This cellular superstructure can display increased resistance to antibiotics and cause serious, persistent health problems in humans. Here we describe a high-throughput in vitro screen to identify inhibitors of Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms using a library of natural product extracts derived from marine microbes. Analysis of extracts derived from Streptomyces gandocaensis results in the discovery of three peptidic metabolites (cahuitamycins A-C), with cahuitamycin C being the most effective inhibitor (IC50=14.5 μM). Biosynthesis of cahuitamycin C proceeds via a convergent biosynthetic pathway, with one of the steps apparently being catalysed by an unlinked gene encoding a 6-methylsalicylate synthase. Efforts to assess starter unit diversification through selective mutasynthesis lead to production of unnatural analogues cahuitamycins D and E of increased potency (IC50=8.4 and 10.5 μM).
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31
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Farshadzadeh Z, Hashemi FB, Rahimi S, Pourakbari B, Esmaeili D, Haghighi MA, Majidpour A, Shojaa S, Rahmani M, Gharesi S, Aziemzadeh M, Bahador A. Wide distribution of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in burns patients in Iran. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1146. [PMID: 26539176 PMCID: PMC4611150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance in carbapenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CNSAb) is a major public health concern globally. This study determined the antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of CNSAb isolates from a referral burn center in Tehran, Iran. Sixty-nine CNSAb isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the E test methodology. Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiplex PCR were performed. PCR assays tested for ambler classes A, B, and D β-lactamases. Detection of ISAba1, characterization of integrons, and biofilm formation were investigated. Fifty-three (77%) isolates revealed XDR phenotypes. High prevalence of blaOXA-23-like (88%) and blaPER-1 (54%) were detected. ISAba1 was detected upstream of blaADC, blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA51-like genes in, 97, 42, and 26% of isolates, respectively. Thirty-one (45%) isolates were assigned to international clone (IC) variants. MLVA identified 56 distinct types with six clusters and 53 singleton genotypes. Forty previously known MLST sequence types forming 5 clonal complexes were identified. The Class 1 integron (class 1 integrons) gene was identified in 84% of the isolates. The most prevalent (33%) cassette combination was aacA4-catB8-aadA1. The IC variants were predominant in the A. baumannii lineage with the ability to form strong biofilms. The XDR-CNSAb from burned patients in Iran is resistant to various antimicrobials, including tigecycline. This study shows wide genetic diversity in CNSAb. Integrating the new Iranian A. baumannii IC variants into the epidemiologic clonal and susceptibility profile databases can help effective global control measures against the XDR-CNSAb pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farshadzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad B Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rahimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
| | - Babak Pourakbari
- Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Haghighi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Majidpour
- Anti-microbial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Shojaa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Rahmani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Gharesi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Aziemzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran
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32
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Kandi V. Biofilm Production Correlating with Multidrug Resistance Among Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:DJ02. [PMID: 26266122 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/13069.6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkataramana Kandi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences , Karimnagar, Telangana, India
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