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Mamuk R, Akbulut Ş, Erdoğan A. Evaluation of the association between fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy distress. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:59-71. [PMID: 37545897 PMCID: PMC10398489 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health problems experienced during pregnancy negatively affect both maternal and fetal wellbeing. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and pregnancy distress in healthy pregnant women living in Turkey. Methods A descriptive, relational/cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 363 pregnant women in person. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), and the Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS). Results The mean FCV-19S score was 19.03±5.65 and the mean TPDS score was 19.97±7.97. According to the TPDS cut-off score, 19.0% of the participants were at risk of pregnancy distress. There was a significant positive correlation between FCV-19S and TPDS scores (r = 0.263, p<0.05). According to the regression analysis, age (β= -0.217), years of education (β= -0.272), and number of births (β= 0.502) were associated with fear of COVID-19, and fear of COVID-19 was associated with TPDS scores (β= 0.369) (p<0.05). Conclusion The pregnant women in this study had moderate fear of COVID-19. Compared to the literature data, the prevalence of pregnancy distress was slightly higher than pre-COVID-19 reports but quite low compared to other studies conducted during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojjin Mamuk
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University. Famagusta, North Cyprus
| | - Şahide Akbulut
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Erdoğan
- Nursing Department, Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Elrassas H, Taha GR, Soliman AEDM, Madbole SAEK, Mahmoud DAM. Prevalence and related factors of perinatal depression in Egyptian mothers. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early detection of perinatal depression and its cultural determinants could reduce its sequalae on mothers and their babies. This study investigated the prevalence of perinatal depression in Egyptian mothers and compare women with and without perinatal depression regarding the psychosocial factors.
Three-hundred one women were recruited (166 were pregnant and 135 were in postpartum period) from a primary healthcare unit. Full sociodemographic data, Social Classification Scale, Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were completed. Subjects with EPDS score > 9 answered the structured clinical interview (SCID-I) for diagnosis of depression and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) for depression severity.
Results
Depression with mild to moderate severity was reported in 5.4% and 3.7% of women during pregnancy and postpartum period, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between depression and employment (p = 0.031), mother-in-law disputes (p = 0.002), stigma of being the second wife (p = 0.047), and having financial burdens (p = 0.001). Marital satisfaction was a protective factor for depression (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Prevalence of perinatal depression was comparable to other developing countries. It was strongly linked to culturally related factors including marital women’s employment, mother-in-law disputes, being the second wife, and socioeconomic burdens. Early detection of perinatal depression and its culturally related factors is important for its management.
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Antoniou E, Tzanoulinou MD, Stamoulou P, Orovou E. The Important Role of Partner Support in Women's Mental Disorders During the Perinatal Period. A Literature Review. MAEDICA 2022; 17:194-200. [PMID: 35733735 PMCID: PMC9168558 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2022.17.1.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The arrival of a newborn is often a happy event in a woman's life. However, many women experience perinatal distress such as anxiety disorders and depression during pregnancy or postpartum period. Although the positive interpersonal relationships of women with their wider environment seem to be a support network, research shows that support provided by partners is a very important protective factor in reducing mental health disorders in both prenatal and postnatal period in a woman's life. for this reason, more research needs to be done in the field of perinatal distress in order to clarify the causes that lead to mental disorders and to strengthen the partner's role in the management of perinatal mental disorders of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Antoniou
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Pinelopi Stamoulou
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Orovou
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
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Insan N, Weke A, Forrest S, Rankin J. Social determinants of antenatal depression and anxiety among women in South Asia: A systematic review & meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263760. [PMID: 35139136 PMCID: PMC8827460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is a time of major psychological changes making pregnant women more susceptible to depression and anxiety. Prevalence is higher among women living in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan, compared to high-income countries, due to poor understanding and lack of mental health integration within antenatal care. Antenatal depression/anxiety is associated with adverse outcomes including postnatal depression, low birth weight and impaired fetal development. Existing systematic reviews provided only limited information on the social determinants of antenatal depression/anxiety in these South Asian countries. Objective This review aimed to identify, synthesise and appraise the evidence on the social determinants associated with antenatal depression and anxiety in women living in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Methods We searched five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) and PROSPERO. Observational studies published between 1st January 2000 and 4th January 2021 were included if they were in the English language, used validated tools for measuring depression/anxiety in pregnant women and reported statistical associations or raw numbers. Summary estimates were obtained using random-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias was measured using the I2 statistic and Egger’s test, respectively. This review was registered on PROSPERO (reference: CRD42020167903). Results We included 34 studies (with 27,379 women). Meta-analysis of Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) found that Intimate partner violence (AOR 2.48, 95% CI 1.41–4.33), unplanned pregnancy (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.28–1.83), male gender preference (AOR 3.06, 95% CI 1.40–6.72) and poor relationship with in-laws (AOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.25–5.80) were significantly associated with antenatal depression/anxiety. Conclusion The review identified a complex range of social determinants of antenatal depression and anxiety in Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Screening tools to identify pregnant women at high risk should be integrated within antenatal care to prevent adverse outcomes. Knowledge of these social determinants will inform the development of such screening tools and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisa Insan
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Anthony Weke
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Forrest
- Department of Sociology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Rankin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Tamiru D, Misgana T, Tariku M, Tesfaye D, Alemu D, Weldesenbet AB, Gebremichael B, Dheresa M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Common Mental Disorders Among Pregnant Mothers in Rural Eastern Ethiopia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:843984. [PMID: 35418883 PMCID: PMC8995426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.843984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal common mental disorder is a significant public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries with an extensive treatment gap. Common mental disorders have multifaceted implications on maternal and fetal health outcomes during pregnancy with long-running economic and social sequels. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of common mental disorder and associated factors among pregnant mothers in eastern Ethiopia, Kersa and Haramaya Health, and Demographic surveillance sites. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kersa and Haramaya health and demographic surveillance sites from January 30 to April 30, 2021. World Health Organization Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to measure common mental disorder among 1,015 randomly selected pregnant women. Data were collected face-to-face using open data kit software. Logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. RESULTS The overall prevalence of common mental disorders (SRQ > 6) among pregnant women was 37.5% (95% CI: 34.5, 40.5). Current substance use (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.37, 2.88), intimate partner violence (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI 2.02, 3.53), null parity (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI 1.65, 5.84), gestational age [first trimester (AOR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.01, 4.93) and third trimester (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.31, 2.31)], history of abortion (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.27, 3.24), and absence of antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.08, 1.89) were significantly associated with common mental disorder during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Common mental disorders are prevalent among pregnant women in the study area with significant correlates. Administration of regular screening programs for maternal mental health conditions in rural, low-income communities, integrating into primary health care settings is imperative to reduce the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Tamiru
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Misgana
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mandaras Tariku
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Dejene Tesfaye
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Alemu
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhe Gebremichael
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Merga Dheresa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Antenatal Depression among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in South India. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2022; 2022:9127358. [PMID: 36438017 PMCID: PMC9691325 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9127358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression (AND) is a common mood disorder that affects both the mother and the child. OBJECTIVE The current study is aimed at identifying the prevalence of antenatal depression and the risk factors associated with it in South Indian pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital where pregnancy and postnatal care are offered. In the study, 314 pregnant women who visited the antenatal clinic for their prenatal checkups were included. To diagnose possible depression, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used. The chi-square test was applied to determine the association between antenatal depression and various socioeconomic, obstetric, and medical factors. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant confounding variables. RESULTS Of the total 314 women, 69 (21.98%) were suffering from possible depression with the mean EPDS score being 10.61 ± 7.48. Women of younger age had greater risks for depression than older women (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 0.56-7.20). Maternal age (χ 2 = 0.013, p = 0.009) and the presence of health issues during the current pregnancy (χ 2 = 5.18, p = 0.023) were the factors significantly associated with antenatal depression. CONCLUSIONS Clinical efforts should focus on screening antenatal depression, early identification, and effective care, thus preventing progression to postpartum depression and its detrimental effects.
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Early Association Factors for Depression Symptoms in Pregnancy: A Comparison between Spanish Women Spontaneously Gestation and with Assisted Reproduction Techniques. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10235672. [PMID: 34884374 PMCID: PMC8658584 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10235672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with assisted reproduction techniques (ART) have a different psychological profile than women with a spontaneous pregnancy. These differences may put the former group at higher risk for depressive symptomatology. Our aim was to determine what sociodemographic factors and psychological variables interact with early depressive symptoms in pregnant women with ART. This is a cross-sectional, non-interventional, and observational study where a total of 324 women were analyzed in the first trimester of pregnancy at the Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (Spain). Women completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, the Resilience inventory, the General concerns (ad hoc scale), the Stressful life events, and the prenatal version of Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised (PDPI-R), including socioeconomic status, pregnancy intendedness, self-esteem, partner support, family support, friends support, marital satisfaction, and life stress. According to our models, women undergoing ART had significantly increased the PHQ-9 scores (β = 6.75 ± 0.74; p-value < 0.001). Being single also increased the PHQ-9 score. Related to the psychological variables, anxiety (β = 0.43 ± 0.06; p-value < 0.001) and stressful life events (β = 0.17 ± 0.06; p-value = 0.003) increased PHQ-9 scores. In contrast, resilience (β = -0.05 ± 0.02; p-value = 0.004), self-esteem (β = -1.21 ± 0.61; p-value = 0.048), and partner support (β = -1.50 ± 0.60; p-value = 0.013) decreased PHQ-9 scores. We concluded that women undergoing ART need interventions to reduce anxiety and stressful life events, and to improve resilience, self-esteem, and emotional partner support to prevent depressive symptomatology during this important phase in their lives.
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Kalra H, Tran TD, Romero L, Chandra P, Fisher J. Prevalence and determinants of antenatal common mental disorders among women in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Womens Ment Health 2021; 24:29-53. [PMID: 32055988 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-020-01024-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To review the available evidence about the prevalence and determinants of antenatal common mental disorders (antenatal CMDs) among women in India. We searched Ovid Medline, Embase and Psyinfo systematically from date of inception to Oct. 31, 2019 for publications in English language on the prevalence of antenatal CMDs and their determinants among women in India. All study designs were included. Quality was assessed with Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers. We performed a meta-analysis using a random effects model. Twenty-seven studies involving 7780 women were analysed. There was a high degree of heterogeneity ((I2 = 97.53%). Publication bias [Egger bias = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.36; .94)] was evident. The overall pooled estimate of the prevalence of antenatal CMDs was 21.87% (95% CI: 17.46; 26.29). Significant risk factors reported in the 18 studies which examined them were negative reaction of husband or in-laws to the dowry, difficult relationship with husband/in-laws, lack of support or experiencing violence perpetrated by an intimate partner and preference for or feeling pressured to have a male child. Protective factors were having more education and being employed, having a supportive husband and opportunities for recreation during pregnancy. Antenatal CMDs are highly prevalent among women in India. There is an urgent need for locally developed policies and programmes for mental health promotion during pregnancy, preventive and early intervention for antenatal CMDs among women to be integrated into maternity care in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Kalra
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, 3004, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Ballarat Rural Clinical School, University of Notre Dame Australia, 01 Drummond St Nth, 3350, Ballarat Central, VIC, Australia. .,Raphael Services, Ballarat, St John of God Health Care Social Outreach, 105 Webster St, 3350, Ballarat Central, VIC, Australia. .,Ballarat Health Services-Mental Health Services, Sturt St, 3350, Ballarat Central, VIC, Australia.
| | - Thach Duc Tran
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, 3004, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lorena Romero
- The Ian Potter Library, The Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Rd, 3004, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Prabha Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Jane Fisher
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Rd, 3004, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Bhushan NL, Krupp K, Jaykrishna P, Ravi K, Khan A, Shidhaye R, Kiplagat S, Srinivas V, Madhivanan P. The association between social support through contacts with Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and antenatal anxiety among women in Mysore, India: a cross-sectional study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1323-1333. [PMID: 32146484 PMCID: PMC7483323 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In India, antenatal anxiety prevalence estimates range from 6 to 48%. Social support is strongly associated with mental wellbeing, yet most studies have examined the impact of support from partners and family members rather than peers, community members, or health care providers. This study explores the supportive role of Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) contacts for antenatal anxiety. METHODS Data were analyzed from the Saving Children, Improving Lives project, a quasi-experimental study conducted among rural, pregnant women in India. Regression models were used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the relationship frequency of ASHA contacts and antenatal anxiety. Antenatal anxiety was measured using a subscale of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. RESULTS The sample consisted of 480 pregnant women. Reported antenatal anxiety prevalence was 27% (95% CI 23%, 31%). Participants who were more frequently visited by ASHAs at home (aPR: 0.90; 95% CI 0.76, 0.98) and more frequently accompanied by ASHAs to their antenatal care visits (aPR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.78, 0.95) were less likely to report antenatal anxiety. ASHA home visits were protective for the most vulnerable women (primigravida and those experiencing domestic violence) and ASHA accompaniment to antenatal care visits was equally protective for all women. CONCLUSIONS ASHAs are valued for their contribution towards maternal health education and linking women of reproductive age to healthcare services. Our findings additionally suggest the important role ASHAs play in providing social support to pregnant women, particularly those who are most vulnerable to experiencing antenatal anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita L. Bhushan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karl Krupp
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Kavitha Ravi
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anisa Khan
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Shidhaye
- Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Vijaya Srinivas
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Purnima Madhivanan
- Public Health Research Institute of India, Mysore, Karnataka, India,Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA,Division of Infectious Diseases & Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Dadi AF, Miller ER, Woodman R, Bisetegn TA, Mwanri L. Antenatal depression and its potential causal mechanisms among pregnant mothers in Gondar town: application of structural equation model. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:168. [PMID: 32183726 PMCID: PMC7079401 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various forms of life stressors have been implicated as causes of antenatal depression. However, there is a lack of understanding of which forms of stress lead to antenatal depression and through what mechanisms. Modeling stress processes within a theoretical model framework can enhance an understanding of the mechanisms underlying relationships between stressors and stress outcomes. This study used the stress process model framework to explore the causal mechanisms underlying antenatal depression in Gondar, Ethiopia. METHODS Questionnaires, using an Online Data collection Kit (ODK) tool were administered face-to-face in 916 pregnant women in their second and third trimesters. Pregnant women were included from six randomly selected urban districts in Gondar, Ethiopia during June and August 2018. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to screen for antenatal depression. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to explore the direct, indirect, and total effect of stressors and mediators of antenatal depression. RESULT Sixty-three participants (6.9%) reported symptoms of depression. Of these, 16 (4.7%) and 47 (8.1%) were in their second and third trimesters, respectively. The SEM demonstrated several direct effects on antenatal depression scores including unplanned pregnancy (standardized β = 0.15), having a history of common mental health disorder (standardized β = 0.18) and fear of giving birth to the current pregnancy (standardized β = 0.29), all of which were associated with a higher depression score. Adequate food access for the last 3 months (standardized β = - 0.11) was associated with decreased depression score. Social support (β = - 0.21), marital agreement (β = - 0.28), and partner support (β = -.18) appeared to partially mediate the link between the identified stressors and the risk of antenatal depression. CONCLUSION Both direct and indirect effects contributed to higher antenatal depression score in Ethiopian women. The three psychosocial resources namely marital agreement, social and partner support, mediated reduced antenatal depression scores. Early screening of antenatal depression and enhancing the three psychosocial resources would help to improve maternal resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Fekadu Dadi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- College of Medicine and Public health, Discipline of Public health, Flinders University, Health Sciences Building, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Emma R Miller
- College of Medicine and Public health, Discipline of Public health, Flinders University, Health Sciences Building, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Richard Woodman
- College of Medicine and Public health, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Sciences Building, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Telake Azale Bisetegn
- Department of Health promotion and Behavioral sciences, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- College of Medicine and Public health, Discipline of Public health, Flinders University, Health Sciences Building, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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11
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Thomas S, Vigil E, Thomas T, Bellinger DC, Ramthal A, Kurpad AV, Duggan CP, Srinivasan K. Antenatal Depressive Symptoms and Neurodevelopment Outcomes in Children at 30 Months. A Study From South India. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:486175. [PMID: 33192637 PMCID: PMC7541826 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.486175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of antenatal depression in low and middle income countries is high. However studies examining the association between maternal antenatal depression and early childhood development from these countries are scarce. The objective of the study was to examine the association between antenatal depressive symptoms assessed serially during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment outcomes in mother-child dyads part of a randomized control trial of maternal B12 supplementation during pregnancy. METHOD Subjects were 203 women who had participated in the placebo-controlled, randomized trial of vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy and 6 weeks post-partum on whom serial assessments of depressive symptoms in each of the trimesters were available. Cognitive, receptive language, expressive language, fine motor skills and gross motor skills were assessed at 30 months using the Bayley's Scale of Infant Development-3rd edition (BSID-III). Antenatal depressive symptoms were assessed at three trimesters using the Kessler's 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Women were classified into three categories: not depressed (K10 <6 in all trimesters), with intermittent depressive symptoms (K10 ≥6 in at least one trimester) and with persistent depressive symptoms (K10 score ≥6 in at least 2 trimesters). RESULTS 112 (55.2%) of the women did not have depressive symptoms, 58 (28.6%) had intermittent depressive symptoms and 33 (16.2%) had persistent depressive symptoms. The children of women with intermittent antenatal depressive symptoms scored lower on the receptive language domain on BSID-III compared to children of women who were not depressed on univariate analysis, but not on bivariate regression analysis. Women with persistent depressive symptoms had lower educational attainment (p = 0.004), lower social support (p = 0.006) and used more emotional coping strategies (p = 0.005) compared to the not depressed group. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of women in south India had antenatal depressive symptoms. Findings from this study suggest a possible association between antenatal depressive symptoms and receptive language in children. Larger studies including women with clinical depression are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Thomas
- Division of Mental Health & Neurosciences, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Emelia Vigil
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tinku Thomas
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Population Health, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - David C Bellinger
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Asha Ramthal
- Division of Mental Health & Neurosciences, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Physiology, St Johns Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Christopher P Duggan
- Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.,Center for Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Krishnamachari Srinivasan
- Division of Mental Health & Neurosciences, St John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Psychiatry, St John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
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Alipour Z, Kheirabadi GR, Eslami AA, Kazemi A. Psychological profiles of risk for antenatal depression and anxiety in Iranian sociocultural context. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2018; 7:160. [PMID: 30693297 PMCID: PMC6332673 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_201_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mental health issues including depression and anxiety are common in pregnancy worldwide. This study aimed to identify factors associated with mental disorders in a sample of Iranian pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women referred to a prenatal-care clinic in an urban area, Isfahan, Iran. The questionnaires in this study included the General Health Questionnaire and additional structured questionnaires exploring sociodemographic, obstetric, and economic risk factors and empowerment for decision-making regarding pregnancy, parenting, financial authority, trust, and confidence in health-care staff. Regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of the number of variables on the likelihood of the presence of mental health problems. RESULTS Overall, 54.2% and 11.7% of the women had anxiety and depression, respectively. No statistically significant associations were reported between anxiety and depression and obstetric characteristics such as gestational age, parity, abortion, previous infertility, unwanted pregnancy, and the screening test results. According to the logistic regression analysis, the predictors of depression and anxiety were acknowledging psychological changes in pregnancy and empowerment for decision-making regarding pregnancy and parenting and financial authority (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS probably, women's empowerment on becoming aware of psychological changes during pregnancy and making decisions on pregnancy, parenting, and financial authority is the factor affecting the mental health of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Alipour
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Kheirabadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Eslami
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ashraf Kazemi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Ashraf Kazemi, Department of Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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Cross-National Differences in Psychosocial Factors of Perinatal Depression: A Systematic Review of India and Japan. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:healthcare5040091. [PMID: 29207561 PMCID: PMC5746725 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal depression is prevalent worldwide. However, there are few available studies that discuss the different cultural factors affecting perinatal depression within Asian countries. This study aims to compare the literature regarding related factors relating to perinatal depression in India and Japan, and to synthesize the evidence common to both countries in addition to the country-specific evidence. We conducted a systematic review using several databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Ovid, SCOPUS, IndMED, and ICHUSI). Keywords were “antenatal depression” or “postpartum depression”, and “India” or “Japan”. Both Japanese and English language papers were reviewed. The identified evidence was compared between the two countries, as well as with non-Asian countries based on previous reports. In total, 15 articles on India and 35 on Japan were reviewed. Although several factors were shared between the two countries as well as with other non-Asian countries (vulnerable personality, being abused, age, marital conflict, and lower socio-demographic status), some differing factors were identified between India and Japan and non-Asian countries; India: poor socioeconomic status, living only with the husband, pregnancy not welcomed by the husband, a female baby, and poor relationship with in-laws; Japan: infertility treatment, conflict with work–life balance, poor relationships with biological mother or in-laws, and concerns about social relations with the other mother’s friends. To conclude, involving the family and community may be important for implementing both global standardized and culture-specific interventions. In India, treatment involving the in-laws may be effective because large family structure is a significant predictor of perinatal depression. In Japan, a family/community approach involving not only the mother’s family of origin but also the working environment is essential.
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Biaggi A, Conroy S, Pawlby S, Pariante CM. Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: A systematic review. J Affect Disord 2016; 191:62-77. [PMID: 26650969 PMCID: PMC4879174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 835] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnancy is a time of increased vulnerability for the development of anxiety and depression. This systematic review aims to identify the main risk factors involved in the onset of antenatal anxiety and depression. METHODS A systematic literature analysis was conducted, using PubMed, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library. Original papers were included if they were written in English and published between 1st January 2003 and 31st August 2015, while literature reviews and meta-analyses were consulted regardless of publication date. A final number of 97 papers were selected. RESULTS The most relevant factors associated with antenatal depression or anxiety were: lack of partner or of social support; history of abuse or of domestic violence; personal history of mental illness; unplanned or unwanted pregnancy; adverse events in life and high perceived stress; present/past pregnancy complications; and pregnancy loss. LIMITATIONS The review does not include a meta-analysis, which may have added additional information about the differential impact of each risk factor. Moreover, it does not specifically examine factors that may influence different types of anxiety disorders, or the recurrence or persistence of depression or anxiety from pregnancy to the postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS The results show the complex aetiology of antenatal depression and anxiety. The administration of a screening tool to identify women at risk of anxiety and depression during pregnancy should be universal practice in order to promote the long-term wellbeing of mothers and babies, and the knowledge of specific risk factors may help creating such screening tool targeting women at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Biaggi
- PO63 Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Susan Conroy
- Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Pawlby
- Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Section of Perinatal Psychiatry, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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