1
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Roth D, Safi M, Vilhelmsson Timmermand O, Sereti E, Molendowska M, Gottschalk M, Bjartell A, Ceberg C, Szczepankiewicz F, Strand J. Evaluation of superficial xenograft volume estimation by ultrasound and caliper against MRI in a longitudinal pre-clinical radiotherapeutic setting. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307558. [PMID: 39052663 PMCID: PMC11271909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate tumor volume estimation is important for evaluating the response to radionuclide therapy and external beam radiotherapy as well as to other pharmaceuticals. A common method for monitoring the growth of subcutaneous tumors in pre-clinical models and assessing the treatment response is to measure the tumor length and width by external calipers to estimate its volume. This procedure relies on an assumption of a spheroidal tumor shape wherein the tumor depth equals the width and can yield considerably inaccuracies. Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive technique that can measure all three axes of the tumor and might be an alternative to caliper measurement with potentially greater accuracy and comparable ease-of-use and throughput. Both 2D and 3D ultrasound imaging are possible, the former offering short scan times without the need for anesthesia and heating-valuable factors for longitudinal studies in large animal cohorts. Nevertheless, tumor volume estimation accuracy by 2D ultrasound imaging has seen limited investigation. In this study we have evaluated the accuracy of tumor volume estimation by caliper and 2D ultrasound with comparisons to reference measurements by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a pre-clinical model of prostate cancer treated with either external beam radiotherapy, radionuclide therapy, or no treatment. RESULTS Tumor volumes were measured longitudinally in 29 mice by caliper, ultrasound, and MRI before and after external beam radiotherapy, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radionuclide therapy, or no treatment. Caliper measurements had a marked bias, overestimating the tumor volumes by a median of 150% compared to MRI. Ultrasound measurements were markedly more accurate, with a median bias of -21% compared to MRI. CONCLUSION Ultrasound imaging is a reliable and accurate method for tumor volume estimation in pre-clinical models of radiotherapy, whereas caliper measurements are prone to overestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Roth
- Medical Radiation Physics, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcella Safi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Evangelia Sereti
- Dept of Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Michael Gottschalk
- Lund University Bioimaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Bjartell
- Dept of Translational Medicine, Medical Faculty, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Crister Ceberg
- Medical Radiation Physics, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Joanna Strand
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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De Vleeschauwer SI, van de Ven M, Oudin A, Debusschere K, Connor K, Byrne AT, Ram D, Rhebergen AM, Raeves YD, Dahlhoff M, Dangles-Marie V, Hermans ER. OBSERVE: guidelines for the refinement of rodent cancer models. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00998-w. [PMID: 38992214 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00998-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Existing guidelines on the preparation (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence (PREPARE)) and reporting (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE)) of animal experiments do not provide a clear and standardized approach for refinement during in vivo cancer studies, resulting in the publication of generic methodological sections that poorly reflect the attempts made at accurately monitoring different pathologies. Compliance with the 3Rs guidelines has mainly focused on reduction and replacement; however, refinement has been harder to implement. The Oncology Best-practices: Signs, Endpoints and Refinements for in Vivo Experiments (OBSERVE) guidelines are the result of a European initiative supported by EurOPDX and INFRAFRONTIER, and aim to facilitate the refinement of studies using in vivo cancer models by offering robust and practical recommendations on approaches to research scientists and animal care staff. We listed cancer-specific clinical signs as a reference point and from there developed sets of guidelines for a wide variety of rodent models, including genetically engineered models and patient derived xenografts. In this Consensus Statement, we systematically and comprehensively address refinement and monitoring approaches during the design and execution of murine cancer studies. We elaborate on the appropriate preparation of tumor-initiating biologicals and the refinement of tumor-implantation methods. We describe the clinical signs to monitor associated with tumor growth, the appropriate follow-up of animals tailored to varying clinical signs and humane endpoints, and an overview of severity assessment in relation to clinical signs, implantation method and tumor characteristics. The guidelines provide oncology researchers clear and robust guidance for the refinement of in vivo cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anaïs Oudin
- NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karlijn Debusschere
- Animal Core Facility VUB, Brussels, Belgium
- Core ARTH Animal Facilities, Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kate Connor
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette T Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Doreen Ram
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Els R Hermans
- Laboratory Animal Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Pournajaf S, Afsordeh N, Pourgholami MH. In vivo C6 glioma models: an update and a guide toward a more effective preclinical evaluation of potential anti-glioblastoma drugs. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:183-195. [PMID: 37651618 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis and few therapeutic choices. In vivo, tumor models are useful for enhancing knowledge of underlying GBM pathology and developing more effective therapies/agents at the preclinical level, as they recapitulate human brain tumors. The C6 glioma cell line has been one of the most widely used cell lines in neuro-oncology research as they produce tumors that share the most similarities with human GBM regarding genetic, invasion, and expansion profiles and characteristics. This review provides an overview of the distinctive features and the different animal models produced by the C6 cell line. We also highlight specific applications of various C6 in vivo models according to the purpose of the study and offer some technical notes for more convenient/repeatable modeling. This work also includes novel findings discovered in our laboratory, which would further enhance the feasibility of the model in preclinical GBM investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safura Pournajaf
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
| | - Nastaran Afsordeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411713116, Iran
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Siboro P, Sharma AK, Lai PJ, Jayakumar J, Mi FL, Chen HL, Chang Y, Sung HW. Harnessing HfO 2 Nanoparticles for Wearable Tumor Monitoring and Sonodynamic Therapy in Advancing Cancer Care. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2485-2499. [PMID: 38197613 PMCID: PMC10811684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the critical requirement for real-time monitoring of tumor progression in cancer care, this study introduces an innovative wearable platform. This platform employs a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film embedded with hafnium oxide nanoparticles (HfO2 NPs) to facilitate dynamic tracking of tumor growth and regression in real time. Significantly, the synthesized HfO2 NPs exhibit promising characteristics as effective sonosensitizers, holding the potential to efficiently eliminate cancer cells through ultrasound irradiation. The TPU-HfO2 film, acting as a dielectric elastomer (DE) strain sensor, undergoes proportional deformation in response to changes in the tumor volume, thereby influencing its electrical impedance. This distinctive behavior empowers the DE strain sensor to continuously and accurately monitor alterations in tumor volume, determining the optimal timing for initiating HfO2 NP treatment, optimizing dosages, and assessing treatment effectiveness. Seamless integration with a wireless system allows instant transmission of detected electrical impedances to a smartphone for real-time data processing and visualization, enabling immediate patient monitoring and timely intervention by remote medical staff. By combining the dynamic tumor monitoring capabilities of the TPU-HfO2 film with the sonosensitizer potential of HfO2 NPs, this approach propels cancer care into the realm of telemedicine, representing a significant advancement in patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putry
Yosefa Siboro
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Amit Kumar Sharma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Pei-Jhun Lai
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Jayachandran Jayakumar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Fwu-Long Mi
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College
of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 23142, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Yen Chang
- Taipei
Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of
Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing
Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan (ROC)
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Saad M, Grimaldo-Garcia S, Sweeney A, Mallidi S, Hasan T. Dual-Function Antibody Conjugate-Enabled Photoimmunotherapy Complements Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging of Head and Neck Cancer Spheroids. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:51-63. [PMID: 38128912 PMCID: PMC10797594 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Several molecular-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents are in clinical trials for image-guided surgery and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) for head and neck cancers. In this context, we have previously reported the development, characterization, and specificity of a dual-function antibody conjugate (DFAC) for multimodal imaging and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) of EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells. The DFAC reported previously and used in the present study comprises an EGFR-targeted antibody, cetuximab, conjugated to benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) for fluorescence imaging and PIT and a Si-centered naphthalocyanine dye for photoacoustic imaging. We report here the evaluation and performance of DFAC in detecting microscopic cancer spheroids by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging along with their treatment by PIT. We demonstrate that while fluorescence imaging can detect spheroids with volumes greater than 0.049 mm3, photoacoustic imaging-based detection was possible even for the smallest spheroids (0.01 mm3) developed in the study. When subjected to PIT, the spheroids showed a dose-dependent response, with smaller spheroids (0.01 and 0.018 mm3) showing a complete response with no recurrence when treated with 100 J/cm2. Together our results demonstrate the complementary imaging and treatment capacity of DFAC. This potentially enables fluorescence imaging to assess the presence of tumor on a macroscopic scale, followed by photoacoustic imaging for delineating tumor margins guiding surgical resection and elimination of any residual microscopic disease by PIT, in a single intraoperative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Saad
- Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | | | - Allison Sweeney
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Massachusetts
General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Division
of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard
University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Philp LK. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models for Translational Prostate Cancer Research and Drug Development. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2806:153-185. [PMID: 38676802 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3858-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are a valuable preclinical research platform generated through transplantation of a patient's resected tumor into an immunodeficient or humanized mouse. PDXs serve as a high-fidelity avatar for both precision medicine and therapeutic testing against the cancer patient's disease state. While PDXs show mixed response to initial establishment, those that successfully engraft and can be sustained with serial passaging form a useful tool for basic and translational prostate cancer (PCa) research. While genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and human cancer cell lines, and their xenografts, each play beneficial roles in discovery science and initial drug screening, PDX tumors are emerging as the gold standard approach for therapeutic proof-of-concept prior to entering clinical trial. PDXs are a powerful platform, with PCa PDXs shown to represent the original patient tumor cell population and architecture, histopathology, genomic and transcriptomic landscape, and heterogeneity. Furthermore, PDX response to anticancer drugs in mice has been closely correlated to the original patient's susceptibility to these treatments in the clinic. Several PDXs have been established and have undergone critical in-depth characterization at the cellular and molecular level across multiple PCa tumor subtypes representing both primary and metastatic patient tumors and their inherent levels of androgen responsiveness and/or treatment resistance, including androgen-sensitive, castration resistant, and neuroendocrine PCa. Multiple PDX networks and repositories have been generated for the collaborative and shared use of these vital translational cancer tools. Here we describe the creation of a PDX maintenance colony from an established well-characterized PDX, best practice for PDX maintenance in mice, and their subsequent application in preclinical drug testing. This chapter aims to serve as a go to resource for the preparation and adoption of PCa PDX models in the research laboratory and for their use as a valuable preclinical platform for translational research and therapeutic agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kate Philp
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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7
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Kim MM, Steffensen I, Miguel RTD, Babic T, Johnson AD, Potts R, Junker CS. A systematic review of preclinical studies evaluating the association between nicotine and the initiation and progression of cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:410. [PMID: 38213798 PMCID: PMC10777222 DOI: 10.21037/atm-23-1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Background The association between cigarette smoking and the increased risk of many cancers is well established. Conversely, epidemiological studies of smokeless tobacco demonstrate decreased risk, or no elevated risk, of certain cancers versus smoking. However, it is unclear what role, if any, nicotine plays in these associations. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the available evidence from preclinical studies that examined the potential association between nicotine and the initiation and/or progression of cancer. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for articles published from inception until February 13, 2022. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated animal cancer or tumor models, compared nicotine and non-nicotine groups, and evaluated measures of cancer initiation or progression. Results Among 1,137 identified articles, 61 were included in qualitative synthesis. Twelve studies reported data on tumor initiation, and 54 studies reported data on tumor progression. The majority of the tumor initiation studies did not identify an association between nicotine exposure and an increased risk of spontaneous tumor initiation. Results of tumor progression studies were inconsistent and varied across the reported measures, cancer type being evaluated, and animal cancer model used. Overall, the quality of reporting was poor, with many studies not demonstrating a high level of internal and/or external validity. Conclusions In conclusion, although animal models have provided invaluable data for human health risk assessments of chemical exposures, the heterogeneity across the studies included in this systematic review make the interpretation and generalizability of the results difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aubrey D. Johnson
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan Potts
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, RAI Services Company, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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8
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Saad MA, Grimaldo-Garcia S, Sweeney A, Mallidi S, Hasan T. A Dual Function Antibody Conjugate Enabled Photoimmunotherapy Complements Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Imaging of Head and Neck Cancer Spheroids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526194. [PMID: 36778405 PMCID: PMC9915525 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Several molecular-targeted imaging and therapeutic agents are in clinical trials for image-guided surgery and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) of head and neck cancers. In this context, we have previously reported the development, characterization, and specificity of a dual function antibody conjugate (DFAC) for multi-modal imaging and photoimmunotherapy (PIT) of EGFR over-expressing cancer cells. The DFAC reported previously and used in the present study, comprises of an EGFR targeted antibody - Cetuximab conjugated to Benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) for fluorescence imaging and PIT, and a Si-centered naphthalocyanine dye for photoacoustic imaging. We report here the evaluation and performance of DFAC in detecting microscopic cancer spheroids by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging along with their treatment by PIT. We demonstrate that while fluorescence imaging can detect spheroids with volumes greater than 0.049 mm3, photoacoustic imaging-based detection was possible even for the smallest spheroids (0.01 mm3), developed in the study. When subjected to PIT, the spheroids showed a dose-dependent response with smaller spheroids (0.01 and 0.018 mm3) showing a complete response with no recurrence when treated with 100 J/cm2. Together our results demonstrate the complementary imaging and treatment capacity of DFAC. This potentially enables fluorescence imaging to assess tumor presence on a macroscopic scale followed by photoacoustic imaging for delineating tumor margins guiding surgical resection and elimination of any residual microscopic disease by PIT, in a single intra-operative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Allison Sweeney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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9
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Brough D, Amos H, Turley K, Murkin J. Trends in Subcutaneous Tumour Height and Impact on Measurement Accuracy. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231165181. [PMID: 37113645 PMCID: PMC10126793 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231165181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour volume is typically calculated using only length and width measurements, using width as a proxy for height in a 1:1 ratio. When tracking tumour growth over time, important morphological information and measurement accuracy is lost by ignoring height, which we show is a unique variable. Lengths, widths, and heights of 9522 subcutaneous tumours in mice were measured using 3D and thermal imaging. The average height:width ratio was found to be 1:3 proving that using width as a proxy for height overestimates tumour volume. Comparing volumes calculated with and without tumour height to the true volumes of excised tumours indeed showed that using the volume formula including height produced volumes 36X more accurate (based off of percentage difference). Monitoring the height:width relationship (prominence) across tumour growth curves indicated that prominence varied, and that height could change independent of width. Twelve cell lines were investigated individually; the scale of tumour prominence was cell line-dependent with relatively less prominent tumours (MC38, BL2, LL/2) and more prominent tumours (RENCA, HCT116) detected. Prominence trends across the growth cycle were also dependent on cell line; prominence was correlated with tumour growth in some cell lines (4T1, CT26, LNCaP), but not others (MC38, TC-1, LL/2). When pooled, invasive cell lines produced tumours that were significantly less prominent at volumes >1200 mm3 compared to non-invasive cell lines (P < .001). Modelling was used to show the impact of the increased accuracy gained by including height in volume calculations on several efficacy study outcomes. Variations in measurement accuracy contribute to experimental variation and irreproducibility of data, therefore we strongly advise researchers to measure height to improve accuracy in tumour studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brough
- Daniel Brough, BioVolume Ltd, Witney Business & Innovation Centre, Windrush Industrial Park, Burford Road, Witney OX29 7DX, UK.
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10
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Tomanic T, Rogelj L, Stergar J, Markelc B, Bozic T, Brezar SK, Sersa G, Milanic M. Estimating quantitative physiological and morphological tissue parameters of murine tumor models using hyperspectral imaging and optical profilometry. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200181. [PMID: 36054067 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding tumors and their microenvironment are essential for successful and accurate disease diagnosis. Tissue physiology and morphology are altered in tumors compared to healthy tissues, and there is a need to monitor tumors and their surrounding tissues, including blood vessels, non-invasively. This preliminary study utilizes a multimodal optical imaging system combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and three-dimensional (3D) optical profilometry (OP) to capture hyperspectral images and surface shapes of subcutaneously grown murine tumor models. Hyperspectral images are corrected with 3D OP data and analyzed using the inverse-adding doubling (IAD) method to extract tissue properties such as melanin volume fraction and oxygenation. Blood vessels are segmented using the B-COSFIRE algorithm from oxygenation maps. From 3D OP data, tumor volumes are calculated and compared to manual measurements using a vernier caliper. Results show that tumors can be distinguished from healthy tissue based on most extracted tissue parameters ( p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, blood oxygenation is 50% higher within the blood vessels than in the surrounding tissue, and tumor volumes calculated using 3D OP agree within 26% with manual measurements using a vernier caliper. Results suggest that combining HSI and OP could provide relevant quantitative information about tumors and improve the disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Tomanic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Rogelj
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jost Stergar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Bozic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Milanic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Brough DW, Murkin JT, Amos HE, Smith AI, Turley KD. Comparing Variability in Measurement of Subcutaneous Tumors in Mice Using 3D Thermal Imaging and Calipers. Comp Med 2022; 72:364-375. [PMID: 36744510 PMCID: PMC9827613 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Repeatable tumor measurements are key to accurately assessing tumor growth and treatment efficacy. A preliminary study that we conducted showed that a novel 3D and thermal imaging system (3D-TI) for measuring subcutaneous tumors in rodents significantly reduced interoperator variability across 3 in vivo efficacy studies. Here we further studied this reduction in interoperator variability across a much larger dataset. A dataset consisting of 6,532 paired 3D-TI and caliper interoperator measurements was obtained from tumor scans and measurements in 27 laboratories across 289 studies, 153 operators, over 20 mouse strains, and 100 cell lines. Interoperator variability in both measurement methods was analyzed using coefficient of variation (CV), intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis, and significance testing. The median 3D-TI CV was significantly lower than the median caliper CV. The effects of large interoperator variability at critical points in the study were also investigated. At stratified randomization, changing the operator performing caliper measurements resulted in a 59% probability that a mouse would be reassigned to a different group. The probability that this would occur when using 3D-TI was significantly lower at 29%. In studies in which a tumor was expected to regress, changing the operator during the study was associated with a tumor volume increase of approximately 500mm³ when using calipers. This change did not occur when using 3D-TI. We conclude that 3D-TI significantly reduces interoperator variability as compared with calipers and can improve reproducibility of in vivo studies across a wide range of mouse strains and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake T Murkin
- BioVolume Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom,Corresponding author.
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12
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Murkin JT, Amos HE, Brough DW, Turley KD. In Silico Modeling Demonstrates that User Variability During Tumor Measurement Can Affect In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy Outcomes. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351221139257. [PMCID: PMC9716635 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221139257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
User measurement bias during subcutaneous tumor measurement is a source of variation in preclinical in vivo studies. We investigated whether this user variability could impact efficacy study outcomes, in the form of the false negative result rate when comparing treated and control groups. Two tumor measurement methods were compared; calipers which rely on manual measurement, and an automatic 3D and thermal imaging device. Tumor growth curve data were used to create an in silico efficacy study with control and treated groups. Before applying user variability, treatment group tumor volumes were statistically different to the control group. Utilizing data collected from 15 different users across 9 in vivo studies, user measurement variability was computed for both methods and simulation was used to investigate its impact on the in silico study outcome. User variability produced a false negative result in 0.7% to 18.5% of simulated studies when using calipers, depending on treatment efficacy. When using an imaging device with lower user variability this was reduced to 0.0% to 2.6%, demonstrating that user variability impacts study outcomes and the ability to detect treatment effect. Reducing variability in efficacy studies can increase confidence in efficacy study outcomes without altering group sizes. By using a measurement device with lower user variability, the chance of missing a therapeutic effect can be reduced and time and resources spent pursuing false results could be saved. This improvement in data quality is of particular interest in discovery and dosing studies, where being able to detect small differences between groups is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake T Murkin
- Jake T Murkin, Fuel3D, BioVolume Ltd, 16c Worcester Place, Oxford, OX1 2JW, UK.
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13
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Rodallec A, Vaghi C, Ciccolini J, Fanciullino R, Benzekry S. Tumor growth monitoring in breast cancer xenografts: A good technique for a strong ethic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274886. [PMID: 36178898 PMCID: PMC9524649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although recent regulations improved conditions of laboratory animals, their use remains essential in cancer research to determine treatment efficacy. In most cases, such experiments are performed on xenografted animals for which tumor volume is mostly estimated from caliper measurements. However, many formulas have been employed for this estimation and no standardization is available yet. Methods Using previous animal studies, we compared all formulas used by the scientific community in 2019. Data were collected from 93 mice orthotopically xenografted with human breast cancer cells. All formulas were evaluated and ranked based on correlation and lower mean relative error. They were then used in a Gompertz quantitative model of tumor growth. Results Seven formulas for tumor volume estimation were identified and a statistically significant difference was observed among them (ANOVA test, p < 2.10−16), with the ellipsoid formula (1/6 π × L × W × (L + W)/2) being the most accurate (mean relative error = 0.272 ± 0.201). This was confirmed by the mathematical modeling analysis where this formula resulted in the smallest estimated residual variability. Interestingly, such result was no longer valid for tumors over 1968 ± 425 mg, for which a cubic formula (L x W x H) should be preferred. Main findings When considering that tumor volume remains under 1500mm3, to limit animal stress, improve tumor growth monitoring and go toward mathematic models, the following formula 1/6 π × L × W x (L + W)/2 should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Rodallec
- COMPO, CRCM, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, AMU U105, IPC, Marseille, France
- SMARTc, CRCM, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, AMU U105, IPC, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Joseph Ciccolini
- COMPO, CRCM, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, AMU U105, IPC, Marseille, France
- SMARTc, CRCM, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, AMU U105, IPC, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaelle Fanciullino
- COMPO, CRCM, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, AMU U105, IPC, Marseille, France
- SMARTc, CRCM, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, AMU U105, IPC, Marseille, France
| | - Sebastien Benzekry
- COMPO, CRCM, INRIA Sophia Antipolis, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, AMU U105, IPC, Marseille, France
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14
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Abramson A, Chan CT, Khan Y, Mermin-Bunnell A, Matsuhisa N, Fong R, Shad R, Hiesinger W, Mallick P, Gambhir SS, Bao Z. A flexible electronic strain sensor for the real-time monitoring of tumor regression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6550. [PMID: 36112679 PMCID: PMC9481124 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the efficacy of cancer therapeutics in mouse models is a critical step in treatment development. However, low-resolution measurement tools and small sample sizes make determining drug efficacy in vivo a difficult and time-intensive task. Here, we present a commercially scalable wearable electronic strain sensor that automates the in vivo testing of cancer therapeutics by continuously monitoring the micrometer-scale progression or regression of subcutaneously implanted tumors at the minute time scale. In two in vivo cancer mouse models, our sensor discerned differences in tumor volume dynamics between drug- and vehicle-treated tumors within 5 hours following therapy initiation. These short-term regression measurements were validated through histology, and caliper and bioluminescence measurements taken over weeklong treatment periods demonstrated the correlation with longer-term treatment response. We anticipate that real-time tumor regression datasets could help expedite and automate the process of screening cancer therapies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Abramson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carmel T. Chan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yasser Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alana Mermin-Bunnell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robyn Fong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rohan Shad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William Hiesinger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Parag Mallick
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) and Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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15
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A potent estrogen receptor and microtubule specific purine-benzothiazole-based fluorescent molecular probe induces apoptotic death of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10772. [PMID: 35750870 PMCID: PMC9232585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and is a heterogeneous disease at molecular level. Early detection and specificity are the key prerequisite for the treatment of this deadly cancer. To address these issues attention on the breast cancer specific receptor protein(s) is the most realistic option. Herein estrogen (E) and progesterone (Pg) receptors(R) were considered to design fluorescent molecular probes with possible therapeutic option. We adopted QSAR technique to design a library of benzothiazole-purine hybrid molecules. Molecular docking offers us three screened molecules as most potential. Among these molecules one abbreviated as “CPIB” showed blue fluorescence and detected ER positive cancer cells at 1 nM concentration. At elevated concentration, CPIB induces apoptotic deaths of same cancer cells through targeting intracellular microtubules without affecting normal cells or ER negative cells. CPIB is one of its kind with two-in-one potential of “Detection and Destroy” ability targeting ER positive breast cancer cells.
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16
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Ou L, Wang H, Huang H, Zhou Z, Lin Q, Guo Y, Mitchell T, Huang AC, Karakousis G, Schuchter L, Amaravadi R, Guo W, Salvino J, Herlyn M, Xu X. Preclinical platforms to study therapeutic efficacy of human γδ T cells. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e814. [PMID: 35731974 PMCID: PMC9217106 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamma delta (γδ) T lymphocytes are promising candidate for adoptive T cell therapy, however, their treatment efficacy is not satisfactory. Vδ2 T cells are unique to primates and few suitable models are available to assay their anti-tumour function. METHODS We tested human γδ T cell activation, tumour infiltration, and tumour-killing in four three-dimensional (3D) models, including unicellular, bicellular and multicellular melanoma spheroids, and patient-derived melanoma organoids. We studied the effects of checkpoint inhibitors on γδ T cells and performed a small molecule screen using these platforms. RESULTS γδ T cells rapidly responded to melanoma cells and infiltrated melanoma spheroids better than αβ T cells in PBMCs. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in bicellular spheroids, stroma cells in multicellular melanoma spheroids and inhibitory immune cells in organoids significantly inhibited immune cell infiltrates including γδ T cells and lessened their cytotoxicity to tumour cells. Tumour-infiltrating γδ T cells showed exhausted immunophenotypes with high checkpoints expression (CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors increased γδ T cell infiltration of 3D models and killing of melanoma cells in all four 3D models. Our small molecule screen assay and subsequent mechanistic studies demonstrated that epigenetic modifiers enhanced the chemotaxis and cytotoxicity of γδ T cells through upregulating MICA/B, inhibiting HDAC6/7 pathway and downregulating the levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in CAFs and tumour cells. These compounds increased CXCR4 and CD107a expression, IFN-γ production and decreased PD-1 expression of γδ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Tumour-infiltrating γδ T cells show exhausted immunophenotypes and limited anti-tumour capacity in melanoma 3D models. Checkpoint inhibitors and epigenetic modifiers enhance anti-tumour functions of γδ T cells. These four 3D models provided valuable preclinical platforms to test γδ T cell functions for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Stomatological HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huaishan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hui Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiyan Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yeye Guo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tara Mitchell
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alexander C. Huang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lynn Schuchter
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ravi Amaravadi
- Department of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph Salvino
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis ProgramThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis ProgramThe Wistar InstitutePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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The Effect of Dynamic, In Vivo-like Oxaliplatin on HCT116 Spheroids in a Cancer-on-Chip Model Is Representative of the Response in Xenografts. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050739. [PMID: 35630206 PMCID: PMC9146796 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cancer xenograft model in which human cancer cells are implanted in a mouse is one of the most used preclinical models to test the efficacy of novel cancer drugs. However, the model is imperfect; animal models are ethically burdened, and the imperfect efficacy predictions contribute to high clinical attrition of novel drugs. If microfluidic cancer-on-chip models could recapitulate key elements of the xenograft model, then these models could substitute the xenograft model and subsequently surpass the xenograft model by reducing variation, increasing sensitivity and scale, and adding human factors. Here, we exposed HCT116 colorectal cancer spheroids to dynamic, in vivo-like, concentrations of oxaliplatin, including a 5 day drug-free period, on-chip. Growth inhibition on-chip was comparable to existing xenograft studies. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed a similar response in proliferation and apoptosis markers. While small volume changes in xenografts are hard to detect, in the chip-system, we could observe a temporary growth delay. Lastly, histopathology and a pharmacodynamic model showed that the cancer spheroid-on-chip was representative of the proliferating outer part of a HCT116 xenograft, thereby capturing the major driver of the drug response of the xenograft. Hence, the cancer-on-chip model recapitulated the response of HCT116 xenografts to oxaliplatin and provided additional drug efficacy information.
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18
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Venkatasamy A, Guerin E, Blanchet A, Orvain C, Devignot V, Jung M, Jung AC, Chenard MP, Romain B, Gaiddon C, Mellitzer G. Ultrasound and Transcriptomics Identify a Differential Impact of Cisplatin and Histone Deacetylation on Tumor Structure and Microenvironment in a Patient-Derived In Vivo Model of Gastric Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091485. [PMID: 34575561 PMCID: PMC8467189 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reasons behind the poor efficacy of transition metal-based chemotherapies (e.g., cisplatin) or targeted therapies (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors, HDACi) on gastric cancer (GC) remain elusive and recent studies suggested that the tumor microenvironment could contribute to the resistance. Hence, our objective was to gain information on the impact of cisplatin and the pan-HDACi SAHA (suberanilohydroxamic acid) on the tumor substructure and microenvironment of GC, by establishing patient-derived xenografts of GC and a combination of ultrasound, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptomics to analyze. The tumors responded partially to SAHA and cisplatin. An ultrasound gave more accurate tumor measures than a caliper. Importantly, an ultrasound allowed a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure, showing differences between cisplatin and SAHA. These differences were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and transcriptomic analyses of the tumor microenvironment, identifying specific cell type signatures and transcription factor activation. For instance, cisplatin induced an "epithelial cell like" signature while SAHA favored a "mesenchymal cell like" one. Altogether, an ultrasound allowed a precise follow-up of the tumor progression while enabling a noninvasive real-time access to the tumor substructure. Combined with transcriptomics, our results underline the different intra-tumoral structural changes caused by both drugs that impact differently on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Venkatasamy
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- IHU-Strasbourg (Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire), 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Guerin
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Anais Blanchet
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Christophe Orvain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | - Véronique Devignot
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
| | | | - Alain C. Jung
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, ICANS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Chenard
- Pathology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Benoit Romain
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Digestive Surgery Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.M.)
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Streinth Lab (Stress Response and Innovative Therapies), Strasbourg University, Inserm UMR_S 1113 IRFAC (Interface Recherche Fondamental et Appliquée à la Cancérologie), 67200 Strasbourg, France; (A.V.); (E.G.); (A.B.); (C.O.); (V.D.); (A.C.J.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (G.M.)
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19
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Troebs J, Asam C, Pion E, Prantl L, Aung T, Haerteis S. 3D monitoring of tumor volume in an in vivo model. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 76:123-131. [PMID: 32925020 DOI: 10.3233/ch-209216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to evaluate tumor development within experimental oncology is of upmost importance. However, determining tumor volumes in 3D in vivo tumor models is challenging. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model represents an optimized xenograft model that surpasses many disadvantages that are inherent to rodent models and provides the opportunity of real-time monitoring of tumor growth. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to introduce a new method that enables monitoring of tumor growth within the CAM model throughout the course of the experiment. METHODS Sarcoma cell lines and sarcoma primary tumors were grafted onto the CAM of fertilized chicken eggs. A digital microscope (Keyence VHX-6000) was used for 3D volume monitoring before and after tumor excision and compared it to tumor weight. RESULTS Accuracy of tumor volumes was validated through correlation with tumor weight. In and ex ovo tumor volumes correlated significantly with tumor weight values. CONCLUSIONS The described method can be used to assess the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the growth of tumors that have been grafted onto the CAM and further advance personalized cancer therapy. In summary, we established a promising protocol that enables in vivo real-time tracking of tumor growth in the CAM model using a digital microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Troebs
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Asam
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Eric Pion
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thiha Aung
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Center of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silke Haerteis
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Telarovic I, Krayenbuehl J, Grgic I, Tschanz F, Guckenberger M, Pruschy M, Unkelbach J. Probing spatiotemporal fractionation on the preclinical level. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:22NT02. [PMID: 33179609 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abbb75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to conventional radiotherapy, spatiotemporal fractionation (STF) delivers a distinct dose distribution in each fraction. The aim is to increase the therapeutic window by simultaneously achieving partial hypofractionation in the tumour along with near uniform fractionation in normal tissues. STF has been studied in silico under the assumption that different parts of the tumour can be treated in different fractions. Here, we develop an experimental setup for testing this key assumption on the preclinical level using high-precision partial tumour irradiation in an experimental animal model. We further report on an initial proof-of-concept experiment. We consider a reductionist model of STF in which the tumour is divided in half and treated with two complementary partial irradiations separated by 24 h. Precise irradiation of both tumour halves is facilitated by the image-guided small animal radiation research platform X-RAD SmART. To assess the response of tumours to partial irradiations, tumour growth experiments are conducted using mice carrying syngeneic subcutaneous tumours derived from MC38 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Tumour volumes were determined daily by calliper measurements and validated by CT-volumetry. We compared the growth of conventionally treated tumours, where the whole tumour was treated in one fraction, to the reductionist model of STF. We observed no difference in growth between the two groups. Instead, a reduction in the irradiated volume (where only one half of the tumour was irradiated) resulted in an intermediate response between full irradiation and unirradiated control. The results obtained by CT-volumetry supported the findings of the calliper-derived measurements. An experimental setup for precise partial tumour irradiation in small animals was developed, which is suited to test the assumption of STF that complementary parts of the tumour can be treated in different fractions on the preclinical level. An initial experiment supports this assumption, however, further experiments with longer follow-up and varying fractionation schemes are needed to provide additional support for STF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Telarovic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Yates JWT, Byrne H, Chapman SC, Chen T, Cucurull-Sanchez L, Delgado-SanMartin J, Di Veroli G, Dovedi SJ, Dunlop C, Jena R, Jodrell D, Martin E, Mercier F, Ramos-Montoya A, Struemper H, Vicini P. Opportunities for Quantitative Translational Modeling in Oncology. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 108:447-457. [PMID: 32569424 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A 2-day meeting was held by members of the UK Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Network () in November 2018 on the topic of Translational Challenges in Oncology. Participants from a wide range of backgrounds were invited to discuss current and emerging modeling applications in nonclinical and clinical drug development, and to identify areas for improvement. This resulting perspective explores opportunities for impactful quantitative pharmacology approaches. Four key themes arose from the presentations and discussions that were held, leading to the following recommendations: Evaluate the predictivity and reproducibility of animal cancer models through precompetitive collaboration. Apply mechanism of action (MoA) based mechanistic models derived from nonclinical data to clinical trial data. Apply MoA reflective models across trial data sets to more robustly quantify the natural history of disease and response to differing interventions. Quantify more robustly the dose and concentration dependence of adverse events through mathematical modelling techniques and modified trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao Chen
- University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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22
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Hester SC, Kuriakose M, Nguyen CD, Mallidi S. Role of Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging in Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:260-279. [PMID: 31919853 PMCID: PMC7187279 DOI: 10.1111/php.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a phototoxic treatment with high spatial and temporal control and has shown tremendous promise in the management of cancer due to its high efficacy and minimal side effects. PDT efficacy is dictated by a complex relationship between dosimetry parameters such as the concentration of the photosensitizer at the tumor site, its spatial localization (intracellular or extracellular), light dose and distribution, oxygen distribution and concentration, and the heterogeneity of the inter- and intratumoral microenvironment. Studying and characterizing these parameters, along with monitoring tumor heterogeneity pre- and post-PDT, provides essential data for predicting therapeutic response and the design of subsequent therapies. In this review, we elucidate the role of ultrasound (US) and photoacoustic imaging in improving PDT-mediated outcomes in cancer-from tracking photosensitizer uptake and vascular destruction, to measuring oxygenation dynamics and the overall evaluation of tumor responses. We also present recent advances in multifunctional theranostic nanomaterials that can improve either US or photoacoustic imaging contrast, as well as deliver photosensitizers specifically to tumors. Given the wide availability, low-cost, portability and nonionizing nature of US and photoacoustic imaging, together with their capabilities of providing multiparametric morphological and functional information, these technologies are thusly inimitable when deployed in conjunction with PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C. Hester
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA
| | - Maju Kuriakose
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA
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Kuai X, Jia L, Yang T, Huang X, Zhao W, Zhang M, Chen Y, Zhu J, Feng Z, Tang Q. Trop2 Promotes Multidrug Resistance by Regulating Notch1 Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e919566. [PMID: 31964857 PMCID: PMC6996863 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is widely used in gastric cancer treatment, but multidrug resistance remains a leading cause of chemotherapy failure. Trop2 is highly expressed in gastric tumor tissues and greatly influences cancer progression. However, little is known about the relationship between Trop2 and drug resistance in gastric cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the present study, Trop2 was knocked down in BGC823 cells and overexpressed in HGC27. CCK-8 assay was performed to explore the relationship of Trop2 expression and cell proliferation treated with anticancer drugs. Flow cytometry was performed to assess the relationship between Trop2 and cell apoptosis after chemotherapy. Subcutaneous xenograft models were generated to explore the curative effect of DDP to GC in vivo. MRP1 and Notch1 expressions were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS Trop2 decreased cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis after chemotherapeutic treatments. DDP showed stronger therapeutic effects on Trop2-knockdown tumor than control in vivo. MRP1 and Notch1 signaling pathway were confirmed to participate in Trop2-induced drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Trop2 promotes the resistance of gastric cancer to chemotherapy by activating the Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Kuai
- Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Cancer Center, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaochen Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Mingjiong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Jin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Huadong Medical Institute of Biotechniques, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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MR imaging as a precise technique to evaluate skull-base tumor volume: Comparison of CT, MR imaging and FDG PET from murine and clinical data. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020; 48:105-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Delgado-SanMartin J, Ehrhardt B, Paczkowski M, Hackett S, Smith A, Waraich W, Klatzow J, Zabair A, Chabokdast A, Rubio-Navarro L, Rahi A, Wilson Z. An innovative non-invasive technique for subcutaneous tumour measurements. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216690. [PMID: 31609977 PMCID: PMC6791540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In oncological drug development, animal studies continue to play a central role in which the volume of subcutaneous tumours is monitored to assess the efficacy of new drugs. The tumour volume is estimated by taking the volume to be that of a regular spheroid with the same dimensions. However, this method is subjective, insufficiently traceable, and is subject to error in the accuracy of volume estimates as tumours are frequently irregular. Methods & results This paper reviews the standard technique for tumour volume assessment, calliper measurements, by conducting a statistical review of a large dataset consisting of 2,500 tumour volume measurements from 1,600 mice by multiple operators across 6 mouse strains and 20 tumour models. Additionally, we explore the impact of six different tumour morphologies on volume estimation and the detection of treatment effects using a computational tumour growth model. Finally, we propose an alternative method to callipers for estimating volume–BioVolumeTM, a 3D scanning technique. BioVolume simultaneously captures both stereo RGB (Red, Green and Blue) images from different light sources and infrared thermal images of the tumour in under a second. It then detects the tumour region automatically and estimates the tumour volume in under a minute. Furthermore, images can be processed in parallel within the cloud and so the time required to process multiple images is similar to that required for a single image. We present data of a pre-production unit test consisting of 297 scans from over 120 mice collected by four different operators. Conclusion This work demonstrates that it is possible to record tumour measurements in a rapid minimally invasive, morphology-independent way, and with less human-bias compared to callipers, whilst also improving data traceability. Furthermore, the images collected by BioVolume may be useful, for example, as a source of biomarkers for animal welfare and secondary drug toxicity / efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beate Ehrhardt
- AstraZeneca IMED Biotech Unit, Discovery Sciences, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sean Hackett
- Fuel3D, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Smith
- Fuel3D, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Wajahat Waraich
- Fuel3D, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - James Klatzow
- Fuel3D, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Adeala Zabair
- Fuel3D, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Chabokdast
- Fuel3D, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, England, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amar Rahi
- AstraZeneca IMED Biotech Unit, Oncology, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, England, United Kingdom
| | - Zena Wilson
- AstraZeneca IMED Biotech Unit, Oncology, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, England, United Kingdom
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Hermsmeier M, Sawant T, Chowdhury K, Nagavarapu U, Chan KF. First Use of Optical Coherence Tomography on In Vivo Inflammatory Acne-Like Lesions: A Murine Model. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:207-217. [PMID: 31347184 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Successful outcomes of clinical studies for acne vulgaris depend greatly on achieving statistically significant reduction in acne lesion count and improvement in Investigator's Global Assessment score of the investigational drug product against its vehicle control. To date, there has not been a validated preclinical acne model to evaluate investigational drug products in order to improve the probability of clinical success. An inflammatory acne-like lesion mouse model developed in-house has previously been used for clinical guidance in our drug development program. In this study, we aim to implement and assess the adequacy of swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in quantifying the dynamic changes in inflammatory acne-like lesions. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Live Propionibacterium acnes bacteria were injected intradermally resulting in inflammatory acne-like lesions. Topical 1% and 2% minocycline gels were applied to the lesions in separate groups once daily for 2 weeks and compared with vehicle and untreated control groups. The growth of these lesions was monitored and measured with a ruler (height)/microcaliper (width)-an approach previously developed, and with SS-OCT. The reliability of the two methods were assessed. Acquired OCT images across the apex of these inflammatory lesions were statistically analyzed for lesion volume reduction from baseline as well as between the treatment groups and the control groups. RESULTS The OCT technique allowed for reliable lesion volume analysis with varying conic profiles. After 14 days of topical minocycline treatments (1%, 2% minocycline), statistically significant reduction in lesion volume (P ≤ 0.05) based on OCT image analysis was observed compared with untreated and vehicle control groups as well as compared with baseline measurements. Under the right conditions, some morphological aspects of the P. acnes injection site were discernible within the skin in images captured with OCT. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated the first use of SS-OCT in evaluating in vivo inflammatory acne-like lesions in a murine model. Our findings support the use of OCT in assessing lesion size and evolution of P. acnes injection sites non-invasively in preclinical in vivo studies, which could potentially lead to more consistent and predictable outcomes in clinical development. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Hermsmeier
- Research and Development, BioPharmX, Inc., 115 Nicholson Lane, San Jose, California, 95134
| | - Tanvee Sawant
- Research and Development, BioPharmX, Inc., 115 Nicholson Lane, San Jose, California, 95134
| | - Khadiza Chowdhury
- Research and Development, BioPharmX, Inc., 115 Nicholson Lane, San Jose, California, 95134
| | - Usha Nagavarapu
- Research and Development, BioPharmX, Inc., 115 Nicholson Lane, San Jose, California, 95134
| | - Kin F Chan
- Research and Development, BioPharmX, Inc., 115 Nicholson Lane, San Jose, California, 95134
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Kim S, Zhang Y, Tang S, Qin C, Karelia D, Sharma A, Jiang C, Lu J. Optimizing live-animal bioluminescence imaging prediction of tumor burden in human prostate cancer xenograft models in SCID-NSG mice. Prostate 2019; 79:949-960. [PMID: 30958914 PMCID: PMC6668996 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive live-animal longitudinal monitoring of xenograft tumor growth and metastasis by bioluminescent imaging (BLI) has been widely reported in cancer biology and preclinical therapy literature, mainly in athymic nude mice. Our own experience at calibrating BLI readout with tumor weight/volume in human prostate cancer xenograft models in haired, SCID-NSG mice through intraprostatic (orthotopic) and subcutaneous (SC) inoculations revealed either nonexistent or poor correlation (coefficient of determination, R 2 = ~0.01-0.3). The present work examined several technical and biological factors to improve BLI utility. METHODS After ruling out promoter-luciferase (luc) specificity and luc gene loss in the cell inoculum with LNCaP-AR-luc cells expressing an androgen receptor (AR) and tagged with AR-responsive probasin promoter-luc gene, we evaluated different routes of d-luciferin administration, imaging time during the day, charge-coupled device camera image acquisition settings, and hair removal methods to improve the imaging protocol. For most imaging sessions, BLI was carried out within the same day of tumor volume measurement. After necropsy, histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were performed on the tumors to evaluate necrosis and expression of luciferase and AR, respectively. RESULTS Injection of d-luciferin by SC route, robust image-capture setting (30 000 counts and autoexposure), imaging in the morning and thorough hair removal resulted in a substantial improvement of R2 to ~0.6. Histological analyses confirmed the lack of BLI signal in necrotic tumor masses consistent with luciferase-mediated light emission only in oxygenated adenosine triphosphate-producing viable cells. IHC staining detected heterogeneous expression of luciferase tracking generally with AR expression in nonnecrotic tumor tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our body of work highlighted a framework to validate imaging protocols to ensure the acquisition of interpretable BLI data as an indicator of xenograft tumor burden. The vast tissue heterogeneity in prostate tumor xenografts and variable luciferase expression constrained this technology from achieving a high correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyub Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106
| | - Suni Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106
| | - Chongtao Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- College of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China, 350122
| | - Deepkamal Karelia
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033
- Corresponding Author: Junxuan Lu, Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033. Fax 717 531 5013
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Al-Juboori AAA, Ghosh A, Jamaluddin MFB, Kumar M, Sahoo SS, Syed SM, Nahar P, Tanwar PS. Proteomic Analysis of Stromal and Epithelial Cell Communications in Human Endometrial Cancer Using a Unique 3D Co-Culture Model. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800448. [PMID: 30865368 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial and stromal communications are essential for normal uterine functions and their dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases including infertility, endometriosis, and cancer. Although many studies have highlighted the advantages of culturing cells in 3D compared to the conventional 2D culture system, one of the major limitations of these systems is the lack of incorporation of cells from non-epithelial lineages. In an effort to develop a culture system incorporating both stromal and epithelial cells, 3D endometrial cancer spheroids are developed by co-culturing endometrial stromal cells with cancerous epithelial cells. The spheroids developed by this method are phenotypically comparable to in vivo endometrial cancer tissue. Proteomic analysis of the co-culture spheroids comparable to human endometrial tissue revealed 591 common proteins and canonical pathways that are closely related to endometrium biology. To determine the feasibility of using this model for drug screening, the efficacy of tamoxifen and everolimus is tested. In summary, a unique 3D model system of human endometrial cancer is developed that will serve as the foundation for the further development of 3D culture systems incorporating different cell types of the human uterus for deciphering the contributions of non-epithelial cells present in cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminah Ali Abid Al-Juboori
- Gynecology Oncology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Gynecology Oncology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Muhammad Fairuz Bin Jamaluddin
- Gynecology Oncology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Manish Kumar
- Gynecology Oncology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Subhransu Sekhar Sahoo
- Gynecology Oncology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Shafiq Mukhtar Syed
- Gynecology Oncology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Pravin Nahar
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia.,Department of Maternity and Gynecology, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Pradeep Singh Tanwar
- Gynecology Oncology Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
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29
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Allchin RL, Kelly ME, Mamand S, Doran AG, Keane T, Ahearne MJ, Wagner SD. Structural and diffusion weighted MRI demonstrates responses to ibrutinib in a mouse model of follicular helper (Tfh) T-cell lymphoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215765. [PMID: 31013298 PMCID: PMC6478326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent analyses of the genetics of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) have shown that a large proportion of cases are derived from normal follicular helper (Tfh) T-cells. The sanroque mouse strain bears a mutation that increases Tfh cell number and heterozygous animals (Roquinsan/+) develop lymphomas similar to human Tfh lymphoma. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of Roquinsan/+ animals as a pre-clinical model of Tfh lymphoma. Long latency of development and incomplete penetrance in this strain suggests the lymphomas are genetically diverse. We carried out preliminary genetic characterisation by whole exome sequencing and detected tumor specific mutations in Hsp90ab1, Ccnb3 and RhoA. Interleukin-2-inducible kinase (ITK) is expressed in Tfh lymphoma and is a potential therapeutic agent. A preclinical study of ibrutinib, a small molecule inhibitor of mouse and human ITK, in established lymphoma was carried out and showed lymphoma regression in 8/12 (67%) mice. Using T2-weighted MRI to assess lymph node volume and diffusion weighted MRI scanning as a measure of function, we showed that treatment increased mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) suggesting cell death, and that change in ADC following treatment correlated with change in lymphoma volume. We suggest that heterozygous sanroque mice are a useful model of Tfh cell derived lymphomas in an immunocompetent animal.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/cytology
- Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging
- Lymph Nodes/drug effects
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/diagnostic imaging
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/genetics
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Mice
- Piperidines
- Primary Cell Culture
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Pyrimidines/administration & dosage
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/pathology
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Allchin
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematology Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Kelly
- Core Biotechnology Services, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Mamand
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematology Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G. Doran
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Keane
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Ahearne
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematology Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D. Wagner
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre and Ernest and Helen Scott Haematology Research Institute, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Çoban Ö, Değim Z, Yılmaz Ş, Altıntaş L, Arsoy T, Sözmen M. Efficacy of targeted liposomes and nanocochleates containing imatinib plus dexketoprofen against fibrosarcoma. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:556-565. [PMID: 30901500 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The main challenges in treating cancer using chemotherapeutics are insufficient dose at the target site and the development of drug resistance, while higher doses can induce side effects by damaging nontarget tissues. Combinatorial drug therapy may overcome these limitations by permitting lower doses and more specific targeting, thereby mitigating drug resistance and nontarget side effects. Recent reports indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have anticancer potential and can be used together with conventional chemotherapeutics to improve efficacy and safety. In the present study, imatinib mesylate and dexketoprofen trometamol were selected as model drugs to develop targeted surface-modified liposome and nanocochleate formulations for fibrosarcoma treatment. The physicochemical properties and in vitro efficacy of various formulations were evaluated by measurement of particle size distribution, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, diffusion through Caco-2 cells, and toxicity in culture. Selected formulations were then evaluated in fibrosarcoma-bearing model mice by histopathological observations and tyrosine kinase receptor inhibition assays. The most effective formulation on the fibrosarcoma model was a PEGylated nanocochleate formulation. These findings provide a foundation for developing more effective formulations and chemotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of fibrosarcoma and other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Çoban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Pharmacy, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zelihagül Değim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Biruni University Faculty of Pharmacy, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükran Yılmaz
- Department of Cell Bank, Food and Mouth Diseases Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Altıntaş
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Taibe Arsoy
- Department of Cell Bank, Food and Mouth Diseases Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Sözmen
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, OndokuzMayıs University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
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Hu JG, Pi JK, Jiang YL, Liu XF, Li-Ling J, Xie HQ. Collagen Hydrogel Functionalized with Collagen-Targeting IFNA2b Shows Apoptotic Activity in Nude Mice with Xenografted Tumors. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:272-282. [PMID: 33405860 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Gen Hu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Keyuan Fourth Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Kui Pi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Keyuan Fourth Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Lin Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Keyuan Fourth Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Fan Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Third Section, People’s South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jesse Li-Ling
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Keyuan Fourth Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, School of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 17, Third Section, People’s South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 1, Keyuan Fourth Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
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Developing a Minimally Structured Mathematical Model of Cancer Treatment with Oncolytic Viruses and Dendritic Cell Injections. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8760371. [PMID: 30510594 PMCID: PMC6232816 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8760371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical models of biological systems must strike a balance between being sufficiently complex to capture important biological features, while being simple enough that they remain tractable through analysis or simulation. In this work, we rigorously explore how to balance these competing interests when modeling murine melanoma treatment with oncolytic viruses and dendritic cell injections. Previously, we developed a system of six ordinary differential equations containing fourteen parameters that well describes experimental data on the efficacy of these treatments. Here, we explore whether this previously developed model is the minimal model needed to accurately describe the data. Using a variety of techniques, including sensitivity analyses and a parameter sloppiness analysis, we find that our model can be reduced by one variable and three parameters and still give excellent fits to the data. We also argue that our model is not too simple to capture the dynamics of the data, and that the original and minimal models make similar predictions about the efficacy and robustness of protocols not considered in experiments. Reducing the model to its minimal form allows us to increase the tractability of the system in the face of parametric uncertainty.
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Pigula M, Huang HC, Mallidi S, Anbil S, Liu J, Mai Z, Hasan T. Size-dependent Tumor Response to Photodynamic Therapy and Irinotecan Monotherapies Revealed by Longitudinal Ultrasound Monitoring in an Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Model. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:378-386. [PMID: 30229942 DOI: 10.1111/php.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal monitoring of tumor size in vivo can provide important biological information about disease progression and treatment efficacy that is not captured by other modes of quantification. Ultrasound enables high-throughput evaluation of orthotopic mouse models via fast acquisition of three-dimensional tumor images and calculation of volume with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Herein, we compare orthotopic pancreatic tumor volume measurements determined by ultrasound with volume measured by calipers and tumor weight, and found strong correlations between the three modalities over a large range of tumor sizes, suggesting ultrasound can accurately quantify tumor volumes in this model. Furthermore, we demonstrate the unique ability of longitudinal treatment monitoring to reveal a tumor size-dependent response to Benzoporphyrin Derivative photodynamic therapy (BPD-PDT) and irinotecan. Small tumors (5-35 mm3 ) were found to respond well to a single round of PDT, while large tumors (35-65 mm3 ) showed no response to the same treatment. These results highlight the role that tumor size can play in preclinical interpretation of treatment response and more generally suggest that careful evaluation of subtle biological features such as this must be carefully considered in order to grant a more comprehensive understanding of disease biology in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pigula
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Srivalleesha Mallidi
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA
| | - Sriram Anbil
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,The University of Texas School of Medicine at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Joyce Liu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zhiming Mai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
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Resasco A, Carranza Martin AC, Ayala MA, Diaz SL, Carbone C. Non-aversive photographic measurement method for subcutaneous tumours in nude mice. Lab Anim 2018; 53:352-361. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677218793450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new method for the measurement of subcutaneous tumour volume which consists in taking photographs of mice in their home cages, to refine the standard method of measurement with calipers. We consider this new method to be non-aversive, as it may be more compatible with mice behavioural preferences and, therefore, improve their welfare. Photographs are captured when mice voluntarily go into an acrylic tube containing graph paper that is later used as a scale. Tumour volumes measured with the caliper and the non-aversive photographic method were compared to those obtained by water displacement volume and weight. Behavioural and physiological changes were evaluated to assess animal welfare. Significant differences were found between measurements obtained with the caliper and the non-aversive photographic method, v. the reference volume acquired by water displacement ( P < 0.001). Nevertheless, there was good consistency for these measurements when tumours were measured repeatedly, with all Intra-Class Correlation Coefficients above 0.95. Mice on which the non-aversive photographic method was employed were significantly less reluctant to establish contact with the experimenter ( P < 0.001) and behaved less anxiously in a modified-Novelty Suppressed Feeding test. Particularly, statistically significant differences were found in connection with the latency to eat an almond piece ( P < 0.05), the frequency of grooming ( P < 0.001) and the frequency of defecation ( P < 0.001). Corticosterone concentration in faeces and blood glucose were determined and no significant changes were found. Therefore, we propose the non-aversive photographic method to measure subcutaneous tumours as a way to refine methodologies in the field of experimental oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Resasco
- Laboratorio de Animales de Experimentación, Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Ana C Carranza Martin
- Laboratorio de Animales de Experimentación, Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, UNLP, Argentina
- Instituto de Genética Veterinaria (CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Ayala
- Laboratorio de Animales de Experimentación, Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, UNLP, Argentina
| | - Silvina L Diaz
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias Prof. E. De Robertis (UBA-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Cecilia Carbone
- Laboratorio de Animales de Experimentación, Facultad de Cs Veterinarias, UNLP, Argentina
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Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to study whether cancer cells possess distinguishing metabolic features compared with surrounding normal cells, such as increased glutamine uptake. Given this, quantitative measures of glutamine uptake may reflect critical processes in oncology. Approximately, 10 % of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) express BRAF V600E , which may be actionable with selective BRAF inhibitors or in combination with inhibitors of complementary signaling axes. Non-invasive and quantitative predictive measures of response to these targeted therapies remain poorly developed in this setting. The primary objective of this study was to explore 4-[18F]fluoroglutamine (4-[18F]F-GLN) positron emission tomography (PET) to predict response to BRAFV600E-targeted therapy in preclinical models of colon cancer. PROCEDURES Tumor microarrays from patients with primary human colon cancers (n = 115) and CRC liver metastases (n = 111) were used to evaluate the prevalence of ASCT2, the primary glutamine transporter in oncology, by immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, 4-[18F]F-GLN PET was evaluated in mouse models of human BRAF V600E -expressing and BRAF wild-type CRC. RESULTS Approximately 70 % of primary colon cancers and 53 % of metastases exhibited positive ASCT2 immunoreactivity, suggesting that [18F]4-F-GLN PET could be applicable to a majority of patients with colon cancer. ASCT2 expression was not associated selectively with the expression of mutant BRAF. Decreased 4-[18F]F-GLN predicted pharmacological response to single-agent BRAF and combination BRAF and PI3K/mTOR inhibition in BRAF V600E -mutant Colo-205 tumors. In contrast, a similar decrease was not observed in BRAF wild-type HCT-116 tumors, a setting where BRAFV600E-targeted therapies are ineffective. CONCLUSIONS 4-[18F]F-GLN PET selectively reflected pharmacodynamic response to BRAF inhibition when compared with 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose PET, which was decreased non-specifically for all treated cohorts, regardless of downstream pathway inhibition. These findings illustrate the utility of non-invasive PET imaging measures of glutamine uptake to selectively predict response to BRAF-targeted therapy in colon cancer and may suggest further opportunities to inform colon cancer clinical trials using targeted therapies against MAPK activation.
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Brannen A, Eggert M, Nahrendorf M, Arnold R, Panizzi P. Correlation of 360-degree Surface Mapping In Vivo Bioluminescence with Multi-Spectral Optoacoustic Tomography in Human Xenograft Tumor Models. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3321. [PMID: 29463820 PMCID: PMC5820276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical monitoring of tumor growth and identification of distal metastasis requires a balance between accuracy and expediency. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is often used to track tumor growth but is primarily limited to planar 2-dimensional (2D) imaging. Consistent subject placement within a standard top-mounted, single-detector small animal imager is vital to reducing variability in repeated same-animal measures over time. Here, we describe a method for tracking tumor development using a multi-angle BLI and photo-acoustic workflow. We correlate serial caliper measurements and 2D BLI to 360° BLI and photo-acoustic datasets for the same animals. Full 360° BLI showed improved correlations with both volumes obtained from caliper measurements and photo-acoustic segmentation, as compared to planar BLI. We also determined segmented tumor volumes from photo-acoustic datasets more accurately reflects true excised tumors’ volumes compared to caliper measurements. Our results demonstrate the distinct advantages of both 360° surface mapping by BLI and photo-acoustic methodologies for non-invasive tracking of tumor growth in pre-clinical academic settings. Furthermore, our design is fully implementable in all top-mounted, single-detector imagers, thereby providing the opportunity to shift the paradigm away from planar BLI into rapid BLI tomography applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Brannen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 247 Pharmacy Research Building, 720 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,Auburn Laboratory for Imaging Animal Systems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 403 Green Annex, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Matthew Eggert
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 247 Pharmacy Research Building, 720 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 247 Pharmacy Research Building, 720 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, 247 Pharmacy Research Building, 720 South Donahue Dr., Auburn, AL, 36849, USA. .,Auburn Laboratory for Imaging Animal Systems, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 403 Green Annex, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Evaluation of drug mechanism and efficacy of a novel anti-angiogenic agent, TTAC-0001, using multi-modality bioimaging in a mouse breast cancer orthotopic model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0187063. [PMID: 29370209 PMCID: PMC5784895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) has potential anti-angiogenic effects because VEGFR-2 is the major signaling regulator of VEGF/VEGFR pathways. We aimed to elucidate the drug mechanism and anti-tumor efficacy of TTAC-0001, a novel, fully human anti-VEGFR-2/KDR monoclonal antibody, in mouse orthotopic breast cancer model using multi-modal bioimaging. Materials and methods We used orthotopic xenograft tumor model in which human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were injected into the right mammary fat pad of Balb/c nude mice. We investigated its biodistribution using serial fluorescence imaging after injecting fluorescent-labelled-drug and mode of action using Matrigel plug angiogenesis assays. The anti-tumor efficacy of drug was assessed using ultrasonography and bioluminescence imaging. Histopathologic analyses, including hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-CD31 and anti-Ki-67 antibodies, were performed. Each experiment had four groups: control, bevacizumab 10 mg/kg (BVZ-10 group), TTAC-0001 2 mg/kg (TTAC-2 group), and TTAC-0001 10 mg/kg (TTAC-10 group). Results The TTAC-10 group showed good tumor targeting that lasted for at least 6 days and had a good anti-angiogenic effect with decreased hemoglobin content and fewer CD31-positive cells in the Matrigel plug. Compared with BVZ-10 and TTAC-2 groups, the TTAC-10 group showed the strongest anti-tumor efficacy, inhibiting tumor growth as detected by ultrasonography and bioluminescence imaging. The TTAC-10 group also showed the lowest viable tumor and micro-vessel areas and the lowest Ki-67 index in histopathologic analyses. Conclusion We firstly demonstrated that TTAC-0001 effectively inhibited tumor growth and neovascularization in mouse orthotopic breast cancer model. It may provide a future treatment option for breast cancer.
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Stec WJ, Rosiak K, Siejka P, Peciak J, Popeda M, Banaszczyk M, Pawlowska R, Treda C, Hulas-Bigoszewska K, Piaskowski S, Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Rieske P. Cell line with endogenous EGFRvIII expression is a suitable model for research and drug development purposes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31907-25. [PMID: 27004406 PMCID: PMC5077985 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain tumor, characterized by high cellular heterogeneity. About 50% of glioblastomas are positive for EGFR amplification, half of which express accompanying EGFR mutation, encoding truncated and constitutively active receptor termed EGFRvIII. Currently, no cell models suitable for development of EGFRvIII-targeting drugs exist, while the available ones lack the intratumoral heterogeneity or extrachromosomal nature of EGFRvIII. The reports regarding the biology of EGFRvIII expressed in the stable cell lines are often contradictory in observations and conclusions. In the present study, we use DK-MG cell line carrying endogenous non-modified EGFRvIII amplicons and derive a sub-line that is near depleted of amplicons, whilst remaining identical on the chromosomal level. By direct comparison of the two lines, we demonstrate positive effects of EGFRvIII on cell invasiveness and populational growth as a result of elevated cell survival but not proliferation rate. Investigation of the PI3K/Akt indicated no differences between the lines, whilst NFκB pathway was over-active in the line strongly expressing EGFRvIII, finding further supported by the effects of NFκB pathway specific inhibitors. Taken together, these results confirm the important role of EGFRvIII in intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of tumor behavior. Moreover, the proposed models are stable, making them suitable for research purposes as well as drug development process utilizing high throughput approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J Stec
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamila Rosiak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Siejka
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Peciak
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Popeda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Roza Pawlowska
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Treda
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Sylwester Piaskowski
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Research and Development Unit, Celther Polska Ltd., Lodz, Poland.,Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Oh G, Lee KH, Chung E. Active thermodynamic contrast imaging for label-free tumor detection in a murine xenograft tumor model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5013-5026. [PMID: 29188098 PMCID: PMC5695948 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Passive thermal imaging provides a limited differentiation between a tumor and neighboring tissue based on the temperature difference. We propose active thermodynamic contrast imaging (ATCI) with convection thermal modulators to provide more physiologically relevant parameters with high contrast such as the rate of temperature change, and thermal recovery time for tumor detection with a murine xenograft tumor model. With early stage tumors, we found the average rate of temperature change was higher in the tumor (0.22 ± 0.06 [Formula: see text]/sec) than that of neighboring tissue (0.13 ± 0.01 [Formula: see text]/sec) with heating modulation. With established tumors (volume > 100 mm3), this tendency was greater. On the other hand, the thermal recovery time was shorter in tumor tissue (τ = 7.30 ± 0.59 sec) than that of neighboring tissue (τ = 11.91 ± 2.22 sec). We also found distinct thermal contrast with cooling modulation. These data suggest ATCI is a potential tumor detection modality for clinical application with its inherently label-free and physiology-based approach. Furthermore, this strategy may find applications in endoscopic tumor detection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyungseok Oh
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital and Medical School, Jeollanam-do, South Korea
| | - Euiheon Chung
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Institute of Integrated Technology (IIT), Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
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Lee S, Kim JH, Lee JH, Lee JH, Han JK. Non-invasive monitoring of the therapeutic response in sorafenib-treated hepatocellular carcinoma based on photoacoustic imaging. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:372-381. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
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Zhu L, Li XJ, Kalimuthu S, Gangadaran P, Lee HW, Oh JM, Baek SH, Jeong SY, Lee SW, Lee J, Ahn BC. Natural Killer Cell (NK-92MI)-Based Therapy for Pulmonary Metastasis of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in a Nude Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2017; 8:816. [PMID: 28785259 PMCID: PMC5519537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Natural killer (NK) cells represent the third largest population of lymphocytes, and they play an important role in immune surveillance against tumors. The lungs are a common metastatic site for anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), and metastasis is one of the most frequent causes of mortality in this type of cancer. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of NK cell-based immunotherapy for pulmonary metastasis of ATC and determined how it affects the effector molecules of NK cells. Methods Human NK cells (NK-92MI) were retrovirally transduced to express the effluc gene. Human ATC cells (CAL-62) were transduced with the effluc and Rluc genes. The cytotoxicity of NK cells against CAL-62 cells was assessed using the CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay system. Pulmonary metastases of ATC were developed by i.v. injection of CAL-62, and metastasis growth was monitored using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). To treat the metastases, five million NK-92MI cells were injected twice into the caudal vein of nude mice. To assess the targetability of NK cells to ATC tumors, NK-92MI cells expressing the effluc gene (NK/F) were administered through the tail vein of nude mice with a pulmonary metastasis or tumor xenograft. BLI was subsequently performed at 1, 3, 24, and 48 h. Results NK/F and CAL-62 cells expressing the effluc or Rluc gene (CAL-62/F, CAL-62/R) were successfully established. Expression of the effluc and Rluc genes in NK/F, CAL-62/F, and CAL-62/R cells was verified by RT-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and luciferase assay. After coculture of NK-92MI and CAL-62/F cells for 24 h, the BLI signal intensity of CAL-62/F cells proportionally decreased with the number of cocultured NK cells. An ATC pulmonary metastasis mouse model was successfully generated, and NK cells significantly inhibited the growth of the metastasis (p < 0.01). The NK/F cells exhibited targetability to the pulmonary metastasis and tumor xenograft in the mouse model. Conclusion The results of present study suggest that NK cells are able to target ATC tumors and that NK cell-based immunotherapy may serve as an effective therapeutic approach for pulmonary metastases of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Xiu Juan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Radiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Senthilkumar Kalimuthu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ho Won Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Se Hwan Baek
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Evaluating optimal therapy robustness by virtual expansion of a sample population, with a case study in cancer immunotherapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6277-E6286. [PMID: 28716945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1703355114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, exhibiting spatial and temporal variations that pose challenges for designing robust therapies. Here, we propose the VEPART (Virtual Expansion of Populations for Analyzing Robustness of Therapies) technique as a platform that integrates experimental data, mathematical modeling, and statistical analyses for identifying robust optimal treatment protocols. VEPART begins with time course experimental data for a sample population, and a mathematical model fit to aggregate data from that sample population. Using nonparametric statistics, the sample population is amplified and used to create a large number of virtual populations. At the final step of VEPART, robustness is assessed by identifying and analyzing the optimal therapy (perhaps restricted to a set of clinically realizable protocols) across each virtual population. As proof of concept, we have applied the VEPART method to study the robustness of treatment response in a mouse model of melanoma subject to treatment with immunostimulatory oncolytic viruses and dendritic cell vaccines. Our analysis (i) showed that every scheduling variant of the experimentally used treatment protocol is fragile (nonrobust) and (ii) discovered an alternative region of dosing space (lower oncolytic virus dose, higher dendritic cell dose) for which a robust optimal protocol exists.
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Bazin M, Purohit NK, Shah GM. Comprehensive measurement of UVB-induced non-melanoma skin cancer burden in mice using photographic images as a substitute for the caliper method. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171875. [PMID: 28187193 PMCID: PMC5302799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The vernier caliper has been used as a gold standard to measure the length, width and height of skin tumors to calculate their total area and volume. It is a simple method for collecting data on a few tumors at a time, but becomes tedious, time-consuming and stressful for the animals and the operator when used for measuring multiple tumors in a large number of animals in protocols such as UVB-induced non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in SKH-1 mice. Here, we show that photographic images of these mice taken within a few minutes under optimized conditions can be subjected to computerized analyses to determine tumor volume and area as accurately and precisely as the caliper method. Unlike the caliper method, the photographic method also records the incidence and multiplicity of tumors, thus permitting comprehensive measurement of tumor burden in the animal. The simplicity and ease of this method will permit more frequent monitoring of tumor burden in long protocols, resulting in the creation of additional data about dynamic changes in progression of cancer or the efficacy of therapeutic intervention. The photographic method can broadly substitute the caliper method for quantifying other skin pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bazin
- Laboratory for Skin Cancer Research, CHU-Q (CHUL) Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Nupur K. Purohit
- Laboratory for Skin Cancer Research, CHU-Q (CHUL) Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Girish M. Shah
- Laboratory for Skin Cancer Research, CHU-Q (CHUL) Quebec University Hospital Research Centre, Laval University, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Price DN, McBride AA, Anton M, Kusewitt DF, Norenberg JP, MacKenzie DA, Thompson TA, Muttil P. Longitudinal Assessment of Lung Cancer Progression in Mice Using the Sodium Iodide Symporter Reporter Gene and SPECT/CT Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169107. [PMID: 28036366 PMCID: PMC5201271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate of any tissue-specific cancer in both men and women. Research continues to investigate novel drugs and therapies to mitigate poor treatment efficacy, but the lack of a good descriptive lung cancer animal model for preclinical drug evaluation remains an obstacle. Here we describe the development of an orthotopic lung cancer animal model which utilizes the human sodium iodide symporter gene (hNIS; SLC5A5) as an imaging reporter gene for the purpose of non-invasive, longitudinal tumor quantification. hNIS is a glycoprotein that naturally transports iodide (I-) into thyroid cells and has the ability to symport the radiotracer 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-). A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells were genetically modified with plasmid or lentiviral vectors to express hNIS. Modified cells were implanted into athymic nude mice to develop two tumor models: a subcutaneous and an orthotopic xenograft tumor model. Tumor progression was longitudinally imaged using SPECT/CT and quantified by SPECT voxel analysis. hNIS expression in lung tumors was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, hematoxylin and eosin staining and visual inspection of pulmonary tumors was performed. We observed that lentiviral transduction provided enhanced and stable hNIS expression in A549 cells. Furthermore, 99mTcO4- uptake and accumulation was observed within lung tumors allowing for imaging and quantification of tumor mass at two-time points. This study illustrates the development of an orthotopic lung cancer model that can be longitudinally imaged throughout the experimental timeline thus avoiding inter-animal variability and leading to a reduction in total animal numbers. Furthermore, our orthotopic lung cancer animal model is clinically relevant and the genetic modification of cells for SPECT/CT imaging can be translated to other tissue-specific tumor animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique N. Price
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Amber A. McBride
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Martina Anton
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. Norenberg
- New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Debra A. MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Pavan Muttil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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Rohrbach TD, Jones RB, Hicks PH, Weaver AN, Cooper TS, Eustace NJ, Yang ES, Jarboe JS, Anderson JC, Willey CD. MARCKS phosphorylation is modulated by a peptide mimetic of MARCKS effector domain leading to increased radiation sensitivity in lung cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:1216-1222. [PMID: 28454237 PMCID: PMC5403188 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the United States. Kinase hyperactivation is a known mechanism of tumorigenesis. The phosphorylation status of the plasma membrane-associated protein myristoylated alanine rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) effector domain (ED) was previously established as being important in the sensitivity of lung cancer to radiation. Specifically, when MARCKS ED was in a non-phosphorylated state, lung cancer cells were more susceptible to ionizing radiation and experienced prolonged double-strand DNA breaks. Additional studies demonstrated that the phosphorylation status of MARCKS ED is important for gene expression and in vivo tumor growth. The present study used a peptide mimetic of MARCKS ED as a therapeutic intervention to modulate MARCKS phosphorylation. Culturing A549, H1792 and H1975 lung cancer cell lines with the MARCKS ED peptide led to reduced levels of phosphorylated MARCKS and phosphorylated Akt serine/threonine kinase 1. Further investigation demonstrated that the peptide therapy was able to reduce lung cancer cell proliferation and increase radiation sensitivity. In addition, the MARCKS peptide therapy was able to prolong double-strand DNA breaks following ionizing radiation exposure. The results of the present study demonstrate that a peptide mimetic of MARCKS ED is able to modulate MARCKS phosphorylation, leading to an increase in sensitivity to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Rohrbach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Robert B Jones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Patricia H Hicks
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Alice N Weaver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Tiffiny S Cooper
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Nicholas J Eustace
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - John S Jarboe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA
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A comparative assessment of preclinical chemotherapeutic response of tumors using quantitative non-Gaussian diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 37:195-202. [PMID: 27919785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) signal attenuation is often not mono-exponential (i.e. non-Gaussian diffusion) with stronger diffusion weighting. Several non-Gaussian diffusion models have been developed and may provide new information or higher sensitivity compared with the conventional apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) method. However the relative merits of these models to detect tumor therapeutic response is not fully clear. METHODS Conventional ADC, and three widely-used non-Gaussian models, (bi-exponential, stretched exponential, and statistical model), were implemented and compared for assessing SW620 human colon cancer xenografts responding to barasertib, an agent known to induce apoptosis via polyploidy. Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used for model selection among all three non-Gaussian models. RESULTS All of tumor volume, histology, conventional ADC, and three non-Gaussian DWI models could show significant differences between control and treatment groups after four days of treatment. However, only the non-Gaussian models detected significant changes after two days of treatment. For any treatment or control group, over 65.7% of tumor voxels indicate the bi-exponential model is strongly or very strongly preferred. CONCLUSION Non-Gaussian DWI model-derived biomarkers are capable of detecting tumor earlier chemotherapeutic response of tumors compared with conventional ADC and tumor volume. The bi-exponential model provides better fitting compared with statistical and stretched exponential models for the tumor and treatment models used in the current work.
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Denis-Bacelar AM, Cronin SE, Da Pieve C, Paul RL, Eccles SA, Spinks TJ, Box C, Hall A, Sosabowski JK, Kramer-Marek G, Flux GD. Pre-clinical quantitative imaging and mouse-specific dosimetry for 111In-labelled radiotracers. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:85. [PMID: 27885618 PMCID: PMC5122527 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate quantification in molecular imaging is essential to improve the assessment of novel drugs and compare the radiobiological effects of therapeutic agents prior to in-human studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the challenges and feasibility of pre-clinical quantitative imaging and mouse-specific dosimetry of 111In-labelled radiotracers. Attenuation, scatter and partial volume effects were studied using phantom experiments, and an activity calibration curve was obtained for varying sphere sizes. Six SK-OV-3-tumour bearing mice were injected with 111In-labelled HER2-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (range 5.58-8.52 MBq). Sequential SPECT imaging up to 197 h post-injection was performed using the Albira SPECT/PET/CT pre-clinical scanner. Mice were culled for quantitative analysis of biodistribution studies. The tumour activity, mass and percentage of injected activity per gram of tissue (%IA/g) were calculated at the final scan time point and compared to the values determined from the biodistribution data. Delivered 111In-labelled mAbs tumour absorbed doses were calculated using mouse-specific convolution dosimetry, and absorbed doses for 90Y-labelled mAbs were extrapolated under the assumptions of equivalent injected activities, biological half-lives and uptake distributions as for 111In. RESULTS For the sphere sizes investigated (volume 0.03-1.17 ml), the calibration factor varied by a factor of 3.7, whilst for the range of tumour masses in the mice (41-232 mg), the calibration factor changed by a factor of 2.5. Comparisons between the mice imaging and the biodistribution results showed a statistically significant correlation for the tumour activity (r = 0.999, P < 0.0001) and the tumour mass calculations (r = 0.977, P = 0.0008), whilst no correlation was found for the %IA/g (r = 0.521, P = 0.29). Median tumour-absorbed doses per injected activity of 52 cGy/MBq (range 36-69 cGy/MBq) and 649 cGy/MBq (range 441-950 cGy/MBq) were delivered by 111In-labelled mAbs and extrapolated for 90Y-labelled mAbs, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the need for multidisciplinary efforts to standardise imaging and dosimetry protocols in pre-clinical imaging. Accurate image quantification can improve the calculation of the activity, %IA/g and absorbed dose. Diagnostic imaging could be used to estimate the injected activities required for therapeutic studies, potentially reducing the number of animals used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Denis-Bacelar
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah E Cronin
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Da Pieve
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Rowena L Paul
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Sue A Eccles
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Terence J Spinks
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Box
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Hall
- Radiopharmacy Department, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jane K Sosabowski
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn D Flux
- Joint Department of Physics, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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Pierrillas PB, Tod M, Amiel M, Chenel M, Henin E. Improvement of Parameter Estimations in Tumor Growth Inhibition Models on Xenografted Animals: Handling Sacrifice Censoring and Error Caused by Experimental Measurement on Larger Tumor Sizes. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:1262-1272. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhou Q, Li Z, Zhou J, Joshi BP, Li G, Duan X, Kuick R, Owens SR, Wang TD. In vivo photoacoustic tomography of EGFR overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma mouse xenograft. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2016; 4:43-54. [PMID: 27766208 PMCID: PMC5066077 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
EGFR is a promising cell surface target for in vivo imaging that is highly overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common cancer worldwide. Peptides penetrate easily into tumors for deep imaging, and clear rapidly from the circulation to minimize background. We aim to demonstrate use of an EGFR specific peptide to detect HCC xenograft tumors in mice with photoacoustic imaging. Nude mice implanted with human HCC cells that overexpress EGFR were injected intravenously with Cy5.5-labeled EGFR and scrambled control peptides respectively. Photoacoustic images collected from 0 to 24 h. Photoacoustic signal peaked in tumors at 3 h post-injection. Images from 0 to 1.8 cm beneath the skin revealed increased target-to-background (T/B) ratio from tumors. The T/B ratio was significantly greater for the EGFR versus control peptide. Clearance of signal was observed by ∼24 h. EGFR overexpression was validated with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. A peptide specific for EGFR delivered systemically can detect HCC xenograft tumors in vivo with photoacoustic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Bishnu P. Joshi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Gaoming Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xiyu Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Scott R. Owens
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
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Ramasawmy R, Johnson SP, Roberts TA, Stuckey DJ, David AL, Pedley RB, Lythgoe MF, Siow B, Walker-Samuel S. Monitoring the Growth of an Orthotopic Tumour Xenograft Model: Multi-Modal Imaging Assessment with Benchtop MRI (1T), High-Field MRI (9.4T), Ultrasound and Bioluminescence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156162. [PMID: 27223614 PMCID: PMC4880291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research using orthotopic and transgenic models of cancer requires imaging methods to non-invasively quantify tumour burden. As the choice of appropriate imaging modality is wide-ranging, this study aimed to compare low-field (1T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a novel and relatively low-cost system, against established preclinical techniques: bioluminescence imaging (BLI), ultrasound imaging (US), and high-field (9.4T) MRI. METHODS A model of colorectal metastasis to the liver was established in eight mice, which were imaged with each modality over four weeks post-implantation. Tumour burden was assessed from manually segmented regions. RESULTS All four imaging systems provided sufficient contrast to detect tumours in all of the mice after two weeks. No significant difference was detected between tumour doubling times estimated by low-field MRI, ultrasound imaging or high-field MRI. A strong correlation was measured between high-field MRI estimates of tumour burden and all the other modalities (p < 0.001, Pearson). CONCLUSION These results suggest that both low-field MRI and ultrasound imaging are accurate modalities for characterising the growth of preclinical tumour models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Ramasawmy
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. Peter Johnson
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Roberts
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Stuckey
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna L. David
- UCL Institute for Women’s Health, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Siow
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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