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Badia-Ramentol J, Gimeno-Valiente F, Duréndez E, Martínez-Ciarpaglini C, Linares J, Iglesias M, Cervantes A, Calon A, Tarazona N. The prognostic potential of CDX2 in colorectal cancer: Harmonizing biology and clinical practice. Cancer Treat Rev 2023; 121:102643. [PMID: 37871463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2023.102643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy following surgical intervention remains the primary treatment option for patients with localized colorectal cancer (CRC). However, a significant proportion of patients will have an unfavorable outcome after current forms of chemotherapy. While reflecting the increasing complexity of CRC, the clinical application of molecular biomarkers provides information that can be utilized to guide therapeutic strategies. Among these, caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) emerges as a biomarker of both prognosis and relapse after therapy. CDX2 is a key transcription factor that controls intestinal fate. Although rarely mutated in CRC, loss of CDX2 expression has been reported mostly in right-sided, microsatellite-unstable tumors and is associated with aggressive carcinomas. The pathological assessment of CDX2 by immunohistochemistry can thus identify patients with high-risk CRC, but the evaluation of CDX2 expression remains challenging in a substantial proportion of patients. In this review, we discuss the roles of CDX2 in homeostasis and CRC and the alterations that lead to protein expression loss. Furthermore, we review the clinical significance of CDX2 assessment, with a particular focus on its current use as a biomarker for pathological evaluation and clinical decision-making. Finally, we attempt to clarify the molecular implications of CDX2 deficiency, ultimately providing insights for a more precise evaluation of CDX2 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Badia-Ramentol
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Gimeno-Valiente
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Elena Duréndez
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain
| | | | - Jenniffer Linares
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Andrés Cervantes
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain
| | - Alexandre Calon
- Cancer Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noelia Tarazona
- Department of Medical Oncology, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, University of Valencia, CIBERONC, Spain.
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Huang Z, Wang C, Huang Q, Yan Z, Yin Z. Hungatella hathewayi impairs the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to 5-FU through decreasing CDX2 expression. Hum Cell 2023; 36:2055-2065. [PMID: 37477870 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Hungatella hathewayi (H. hathewayi), also known as Clostridium hathewayi, has been reported to be accumulated in the colorectal cancer (CRC) samples. In addition, evidence has demonstrated that inoculation with H. hathewayi promotes the proliferation of colonic epithelial cells in mice. Herein, we explored H. hathewayi role in regulating the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in CRC cells, and investigated the underlying mechanisms. H. hathewayi abundance in CRC tissues and the corresponding adjacent normal tissues was tested using qRT-PCR. Both parental and 5-FU resistance CRC cell lines were used to assess H. hathewayi role in regulating the 5-FU resistance of CRC cells using CCK-8, flow cytometry and animal experiments. H. hathewayi abundance was significantly increased in CRC tissues, and the high level of H. hathewayi was linked to lower overall survival rate. H. hathewayi treatment significantly weakened 5-FU effects on inhibiting cell growth and inducing cell apoptosis in CRC HCT116 and HT29 cells. In addition, H. hathewayi enhanced the 5-FU resistance of HCT116/5-FU and HT29/5-FU cells (the 5-FU resistance cell lines). In mechanism, H. hathewayi decreased the expression of CDX2, and increased the expression of nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Overexpression of CDX2 abolished H. hathewayi-mediated enhancement in cell growth and inhibition in cell apoptosis in HCT116/5-FU and HT29/5-FU cells, as well as inhibited the expression and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. In conclusion, H. hathewayi abundance was increased in CRC tissues, and the high level of H. hathewayi was linked to lower overall survival rate. In mechanisam, H. hathewayi treatment enhanced the 5-FU resistance of CRC cells through modulating CDX2/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlin Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiujin Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaohui Yin
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, The Guizhou Maotai Hospital, Zunyi, 5190100, People's Republic of China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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3
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He S, Hou Y, Hou L, Chen N, Yang X, Wang H, Han P, Fan Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Geng J. Targeted RASSF1A expression inhibits proliferation of HER2‑positive breast cancer cells in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:245. [PMID: 37153885 PMCID: PMC10160914 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer, which accounts for 15-20% of all breast cancer, is associated with tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. RAS association domain family protein 1 subtype A (RASSF1A) is a tumor suppressor that is silenced in a variety of human cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the role of RASSF1A in HER2+ breast cancer and the therapeutic potential of RASSF1A-based targeted gene therapy for this malignancy. RASSF1A expression in human HER2+ breast cancer tissues and cell lines was evaluated by reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis. The associations between tumorous RASSF1A level and tumor grade, TNM stage, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and five-year survival were examined. HER2+ and HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer cells were transfected with a lentiviral vector (LV-5HH-RASSF1A) that could express RASSF1A under the control of five copies of the hypoxia-responsive element (5HRE) and one copy of the HER2 promoter (HER2p). Cell proliferation was evaluated by the MTT and colony formation assays. It was found that tumorous RASSF1A level was negatively associated with tumor grade (P=0.014), TNM stage (P=0.0056), tumor size (P=0.014) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.029) and positively associated with five-year survival (P=0.038) in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Lentiviral transfection of HER2+ breast cancer cells resulted in increased RASSF1A expression and decreased cell proliferation, especially under hypoxic conditions. However, lentiviral transfection of HER2-breast cancer cells did not affect RASSF1A expression. In conclusion, these findings verified the clinical significance of RASSF1A as a tumor suppressor in HER2+ breast cancer and supported LV-5HH-RASSF1A as a potential targeted gene therapy for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai He
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Hou
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Leina Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huxia Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Pihua Han
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yongguo Fan
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Shaanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Jie Geng, Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Kou Y, Zhu R, Han B, Li C, Wang H, Wu H, Xia T, Che X, Zhong WL. CDX2 as a Predictive Biomarker Involved in Immunotherapy Response Suppresses Metastasis through EMT in Colorectal Cancer. Disease Markers 2022; 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36277982 PMCID: PMC9582897 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9025668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Studies have confirmed that Caudal Type Homeobox 2 (CDX2) plays a tumor suppressor role in colorectal cancer (CRC) and as a prognostic and predictive marker for colorectal cancer. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a transdifferentiation process, providing migratory and invasive properties to cancer cells during tumor progression. However, the role of CDX2 during the activation of EMT in CRC maintains controversial. Aim To investigate whether CDX2 is associated with EMT in CRC. Methods Forty-six CRC patients were included in the study. Expressions of CDX2, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin in all CRC patients were detected by IHC. ROC assays were applied to detect cut-off points for IHC scores to distinguish high and low expressions of CDX2 in 46 CRC samples. The prognostic value of CDX2 was statistically analyzed. MTT, Western blot, invasion, and migration assays in vitro were employed to explore the function of CDX2. Results We observed that high expressions of CDX2 and E-cadherin as well as low expressions of N-cadherin were significantly correlated with favorable prognosis. The levels of CDX2 protein exhibited a positive associated with E-cadherin while negative correlation with N-cadherin. Then, the low expression of CDX2 and high expression of CA199 in combination are positively related with poor prognosis. Overexpression of CDX2 reduced expression of MMP-2 and diminished cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while knockdown CDX2 enhanced MMP-2 expression and increased cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in HCT-116 cells. CDX2 was correlated with expression of EMT markers. Overexpression of CDX2 suppressed the EMT markers indicating that CDX2 suppresses CRC cell viability, invasion, and metastasis through inhibiting EMT. Finally, we found that the expression of CDX2 was negatively associated with Th1 cells, macrophages, Th2 cells, cytotoxic cells, T cells, and T helper cells. Conclusions These results indicated CDX2 as prognostic biomarkers involved in immunotherapy response for CRC. CDX2 loss promotes metastasis in CRC through a CDX2-dependent mechanism.
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Xiao L, Li Q, Huang Y, Fan Z, Ma L, Liu B, Yuan X, Srinivasan K. Construction of a Redox-Related Prognostic Model with Predictive Value in Survival and Therapeutic Response for Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022; 2022:1-17. [PMID: 35251577 PMCID: PMC8896929 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7651758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represents the most common histological subtype of lung cancer. Redox plays a significant role in oncogenesis and antitumor immunity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic redox-associated genes and construct a redox-based prognostic signature for LUAD. Materials and Methods A discovery cohort containing 479 LUAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was analyzed. We identified prognostic redox-associated genes by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and univariate Cox regression analysis to construct a prognostic model via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-multivariate Cox regression analyses. The performance of the redox-based model was validated in the TCGA cohort and an independent cohort of 456 samples by Cox regression analyses, log-rank test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Correlations of the model with clinicopathological variables and lymphocyte infiltration were assessed. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to clarify the underlying mechanism of the prognostic model. We constructed a nomogram based on the model and created calibration curves to show the accordance between actual survival and predicted survival of the nomogram. Results Stepwise analyses identified 6 prognostic redox-associated genes of LUAD and constructed a prognostic model that performed well in both the discovery and validation cohorts. The model was found to be associated with tumor stage, mutation of TP53 and EGFR, and lymphocyte infiltration. The model was mainly involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, DNA replication and repair, NADH metabolism, and the p53 signaling pathway. Calibration curves showed the high predictive accuracy of the nomogram. Conclusions This study explored the role of redox-associated genes in LUAD and constructed a prognostic model of LUAD. The signature was also associated with tumor progression and therapeutic response to immunotherapy. These findings contributed to uncovering the underlying mechanism and discovering novel prognostic predictor of LUAD.
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Zygulska AL, Pierzchalski P. Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:852. [PMID: 35055034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Less than half of cases are diagnosed when the cancer is locally advanced. CRC is a heterogenous disease associated with a number of genetic or somatic mutations. Diagnostic markers are used for risk stratification and early detection, which might prolong overall survival. Nowadays, the widespread use of semi-invasive endoscopic methods and feacal blood tests characterised by suboptimal accuracy of diagnostic results has led to the detection of cases at later stages. New molecular noninvasive tests based on the detection of CRC alterations seem to be more sensitive and specific then the current methods. Therefore, research aiming at identifying molecular markers, such as DNA, RNA and proteins, would improve survival rates and contribute to the development of personalized medicine. The identification of “ideal” diagnostic biomarkers, having high sensitivity and specificity, being safe, cheap and easy to measure, remains a challenge. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in novel diagnostic biomarkers for tumor tissue, blood and stool samples in CRC patients.
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Priya S, Kaur E, Kulshrestha S, Pandit A, Gross I, Kumar N, Agarwal H, Khan A, Shyam R, Bhagat P, Prabhu JS, Nagarajan P, Deo SVS, Bajaj A, Freund JN, Mukhopadhyay A, Sengupta S. CDX2 inducible microRNAs sustain colon cancer by targeting multiple DNA damage response pathway factors. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs258601. [PMID: 34369561 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analysis of transcripts in colon adenocarcinoma patient tissues led to the identification of a DNA damage responsive miR signature called DNA damage sensitive miRs (DDSMs). DDSMs were experimentally validated in the cancerous colon tissues obtained from an independent cohort of colon cancer patients and in multiple cellular systems with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. All the tested DDSMs were transcriptionally upregulated by a common intestine-specific transcription factor, CDX2. Reciprocally, DDSMs were repressed via the recruitment of HDAC1/2-containing complexes onto the CDX2 promoter. These miRs downregulated multiple key targets in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, namely BRCA1, ATM, Chk1 (also known as CHEK1) and RNF8. CDX2 directly regulated the DDSMs, which led to increased tumor volume and metastasis in multiple preclinical models. In colon cancer patient tissues, the DDSMs negatively correlated with BRCA1 levels, were associated with decreased probability of survival and thereby could be used as a prognostic biomarker. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Priya
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ekjot Kaur
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Swati Kulshrestha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Awadhesh Pandit
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Isabelle Gross
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR_S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Himanshi Agarwal
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aamir Khan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Radhey Shyam
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakash Bhagat
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jyothi S Prabhu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560034, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - S V S Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Avinash Bajaj
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Chemical Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, IRFAC UMR_S1113, FMTS, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Arnab Mukhopadhyay
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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8
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Zhang HW, Shi Y, Liu JB, Wang HM, Wang PY, Wu ZJ, Li L, Gu LP, Cao PS, Wang GR, Ma YS, Fu D. Cancer-associated fibroblast-derived exosomal microRNA-24-3p enhances colon cancer cell resistance to MTX by down-regulating CDX2/HEPH axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3699-3713. [PMID: 33621425 PMCID: PMC8051723 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA‐24‐3p (miR‐24‐3p) has been implicated as a key promoter of chemotherapy resistance in numerous cancers. Meanwhile, cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can secret exosomes to transfer miRNAs, which mediate tumour development. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanism of CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐24‐3p in colon cancer (CC). Hence, this study intended to characterize the functional relevance of CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐24‐3p in CC cell resistance to methotrexate (MTX). We identified differentially expressed HEPH, CDX2 and miR‐24‐3p in CC through bioinformatics analyses, and validated their expression in CC tissues and cells. The relationship among HEPH, CDX2 and miR‐24‐3p was verified using ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays. Exosomes were isolated from miR‐24‐3p inhibitor–treated CAFs (CAFs‐exo/miR‐24‐3p inhibitor), which were used in combination with gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments and MTX treatment. CCK‐8, flow cytometry and colony formation assays were conducted to determine cell viability, apoptosis and colony formation, respectively. Based on the findings, CC tissues and cells presented with high expression of miR‐24‐3p and low expression of HEPH and CDX2. CDX2 was a target gene of miR‐24‐3p and could up‐regulate HEPH. Under MTX treatment, overexpressed CDX2 or HEPH and down‐regulated miR‐24‐3p reduced cell viability and colony formation and elevated cell apoptosis. Furthermore, miR‐24‐3p was transferred into CC cells via CAF‐derived exosomes. CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐24‐3p inhibitor diminished cell viability and colony formation and increased cell apoptosis in vitro and inhibited tumour growth in vivo under MTX treatment. Altogether, CAF‐derived exosomal miR‐24‐3p accelerated resistance of CC cells to MTX by down‐regulating CDX2/HEPH axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Zhang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Pei-Yao Wang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Second People's Hospital, Nantong, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Liu Li
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Peng Gu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Sheng Cao
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao-Ren Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Da Fu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhang M, Shen Z, Ye Y, Jiang K, Wang S. Landscape of cell heterogeneity and evolutionary trajectory in ulcerative colitis-associated colon cancer revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:271-288. [PMID: 34158745 PMCID: PMC8181874 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.02.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study was to get preliminary insight on the intra-tumor heterogeneity in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) and to reveal a potential evolutionary trajectory from ulcerative colitis (UC) to CAC at the single-cell level. Methods Fresh samples of tumor tissues and adjacent UC tissues from a CAC patient with pT3N1M0 stage cancer were examined by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Human Protein Atlas were used to confirm the different expression levels in normal and tumor tissues and to determine their relationships with patient prognosis. Results Ultimately, 4,777 single-cell transcriptomes (1,220 genes per cell) were examined, of which 2,250 (47%) and 2,527 (53%) originated from tumor and adjacent UC tissues, respectively. We defined the composition of cancer-associated stromal cells and identified six cell clusters, including myeloid, T and B cells, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells. Notable pathways and transcription factors involved in these cell clusters were analyzed and described. Moreover, the precise cellular composition and developmental trajectory from UC to UC-associated colon cancer were graphed, and it was predicted that CD74, CLCA1, and DPEP1 played a potential role in disease progression.
Conclusions scRNA-seq technology revealed intra-tumor cell heterogeneity in UC-associated colon cancer, and might provide a promising direction to identify novel potential therapeutic targets in the evolution from UC to CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhanlong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yingjiang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kewei Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Laboratory of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Research, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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10
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Yu J, Li S, Xu Z, Guo J, Li X, Wu Y, Zheng J, Sun X. CDX2 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer by modulation of Snail expression and β-catenin stabilisation via transactivation of PTEN expression. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:270-80. [PMID: 33239678 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests the involvement of caudal-related homoeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) in tumorigenesis of various cancers. Although CDX2 functions in cancer invasion and metastasis, fewer studies focus on the role of CDX2 during the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of CDX2 was performed. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the role of CDX2 in the invasion and metastasis of CRC. Results CDX2 was downregulated in CRC tissues and reduced CDX2 correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of CDX2 promoted colon cancer cell invasion in vitro and facilitated liver metastasis in vivo with inducing EMT phenotypes. Further investigation indicated that CDX2 retarded Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation, and thereby diminished Snail expression, β-catenin stabilisation and nuclear translocation. The depletion of β-catenin neutralised the regulation of Slug and ZEB1 by CDX2 knockdown. Mechanistically, CDX2 antagonised PI3K/Akt activity in CRC by modulating PTEN expression. CDX2 directly bound to the promoter of PTEN and transactivated its expression. Conclusions Our study first uncovered that CDX2 inhibits EMT and metastasis of CRC by regulation of Snail expression and β-catenin stabilisation via transactivation of PTEN expression. ![]()
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Wu CC, Hsu TW, Yeh CC, Huang HB. The role of transcription factor caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 in colorectal cancer. Tzu Chi Med J 2020; 32:305-311. [PMID: 33163374 PMCID: PMC7605288 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_49_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant tumors in humans and causes mass mortality. In the age of precise medicine, more and more subtypes of CRC were classified. The caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is an intestine-specific transcription factor which is implicated in differentiation, proliferation, cell-adhesion, and migration. The loss of CDX2 in immunohistochemical stain was reported to be a prognostic factor of colon cancer, but the clinical application remained controversial. Most of the CRCs expressed or over-expressed CDX2. Homeobox genes can display either an oncogenic or a tumor-suppressing activity. CDX2 regulates the developing intestinal epithelium and CRC by different pathways. The complex regulation of CDX2 and its complex targets cause the difficulties of application for CDX2 in the prediction of prognosis. However, CDX2 is a potential biomarker applied in the precise classification of CRC for personalized medicine. This review partially clarifies the role of CDX2 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chia Wu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Wen Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chou Yeh
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Bing Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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12
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Jiang X, Li S, Qiu X, Cong J, Zhou J, Miu W. Curcumin Inhibits Cell Viability and Increases Apoptosis of SW620 Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells via the Caudal Type Homeobox-2 (CDX2)/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7451-7458. [PMID: 31584928 PMCID: PMC6792517 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin is a polyphenol compound extracted from the root of the herb Curcuma longa, which is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Worldwide, colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the effects of increasing concentrations of curcumin on cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis of SW620 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells cultured in vitro, and the signaling pathways involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS SW620 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells were cultured in curcumin at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 μmol/l for 48 hours. Specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into SW620 cells to silence the expression of caudal type homeobox-2 (CDX2). Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry evaluated cell apoptosis. Western blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to assess the nuclear translocation of b-catenin and the activation of Wnt signaling. RESULTS Curcumin reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis of SW620 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells in a dose-dependent way, and increased the expression of CDX2 but decreased ß-catenin nuclear translocation and the expression of Wnt3a, c-Myc, survivin, and cyclin D1. CDX2 silencing significantly reduced the effects of curcumin on SW620 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. The nuclear translocation of ß-catenin, and expression levels of Wnt3a, c-Myc, survivin, and cyclin D1 were significantly higher in CDX2-silenced SW620 cells. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis in SW620 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells by restoring CDX2, which inhibited the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinger Jiang
- Department of Ano-Intestinal Surgery, Ningbo Fenghua District Peoples' Hospital, Fenghua, Ningbo, China (mainland)
| | - Shaogang Li
- Department of Ano-Intestinal Surgery, Ningbo Fenghua District Peoples' Hospital, Fenghua, Ningbo, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoming Qiu
- Department of Ano-Intestinal Surgery, Ningbo Fenghua District Peoples' Hospital, Fenghua, Ningbo, China (mainland)
| | - Jiwei Cong
- Department of Ano-Intestinal Surgery, Ningbo Fenghua District Peoples' Hospital, Fenghua, Ningbo, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Ano-Intestinal Surgery, Ningbo Fenghua District Peoples' Hospital, Fenghua, Ningbo, China (mainland)
| | - Wuzhuang Miu
- Department of Ano-Intestinal Surgery, Ningbo Fenghua District Peoples' Hospital, Fenghua, Ningbo, China (mainland)
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13
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Yu J, Liu D, Sun X, Yang K, Yao J, Cheng C, Wang C, Zheng J. CDX2 inhibits the proliferation and tumor formation of colon cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling via transactivation of GSK-3β and Axin2 expression. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:26. [PMID: 30631044 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2), an intestine-specific nuclear transcription factor, has been strongly implicated in the tumourigenesis of various human cancers. However, the functional role of CDX2 in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) is not well known. In this study, CDX2 knockdown in colon cancer cells promoted cell proliferation in vitro, accelerated tumor formation in vivo, and induced a cell cycle transition from G0/G1 to S phase, whereas CDX2 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation. TOP/FOP-Flash reporter assay showed that CDX2 knockdown or CDX2 overexpression significantly increased or decreased Wnt signaling activity. Western blot assay showed that downstream targets of Wnt signaling, including β-catenin, cyclin D1 and c-myc, were up-regulated or down-regulated in CDX2-knockdown or CDX2-overexpressing colon cancer cells. In addition, suppression of Wnt signaling by XAV-939 led to a marked suppression of the cell proliferation enhanced by CDX2 knockdown, whereas activation of this signaling by CHIR-99021 significantly enhanced the cell proliferation inhibited by CDX2 overexpression. Dual-luciferase reporter and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (qChIP) assays further confirmed that CDX2 transcriptionally activates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2) expression by directly binding to the promoter of GSK-3β and the upstream enhancer of Axin2. In conclusion, these results indicated that CDX2 inhibits the proliferation and tumor formation of colon cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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14
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Xu W, Zhu Y, Shen W, Ding W, Wu T, Guo Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Chen Y, Cui L, Du P. Combination of CDX2 expression and T stage improves prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1829-1842. [PMID: 30616445 PMCID: PMC6567745 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518819620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains challenging because of its heterogeneity. Aberrant expression of caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is strongly correlated with the prognosis of CRC. Methods Tissue samples of patients with CRC who underwent surgery in Xinhua Hospital (Shanghai, China) from January 2010 to January 2013 were collected. CDX2 expression was semiquantitatively evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Results In total, 138 patients were enrolled in this study from a prospectively maintained institutional cancer database. The median follow-up duration was 57.5 months (interquartile range, 17.0–71.0 months). In the Cox proportional hazards model, low CDX2 expression combined with stage T4 CRC was significantly the worst prognostic factor for disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 7.020, 95% confidence interval = 3.922–12.564) and overall survival (hazard ratio = 5.176, 95% CI = 3.237–10.091). In the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, patients with low CDX2 expression and stage T4 CRC showed significantly worse disease-free survival and overall survival than those with low CDX2 expression alone. Conclusion CDX2 expression combined with the T stage was more accurate for predicting the prognosis of CRC. Determining the prognosis of CRC using more than one variable is valuable in developing appropriate treatment and follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Xu
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilian Zhu
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Shen
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingyu Wu
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuegui Guo
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- 2 Department of Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingxia Zhou
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingwei Chen
- 3 Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Cui
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Du
- 1 Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Pinho RCM, Dias RSADM, Bandeira F, Farias Rodrigues JK, da Silva RC, Crovella S, Dos Santos EUD, Cimões R. Polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene (FOKI, CDX2, and GATA) and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals: A case-control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:e12370. [PMID: 30338675 DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (variants FOKI [rs2228570], CDX2 [rs47908762], and GATA [rs4516035]) in the vitamin D receptor in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis (DM2 + CP), CP alone, and healthy individuals, and to investigate the relationship with susceptibility to CP. METHODS In total, 280 individuals (116 with DM2 + CP, 95 with CP alone, and 69 healthy individuals) were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific probes. Significant differences (P < .05) were found among the groups with regard to socio-epidemiological variables (sex, marital status, income, smoking habit, and schooling) and clinical-epidemiological variables (age, number of teeth, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival bleeding index, and visible plaque index). RESULTS The C allele was significantly more frequent among the healthy individuals (34.8%) than those with DM2 + CP (23.5%) (odds ratio [OR] = .58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: . 35-.94, P = .022). Likewise, the CC allele was significantly more frequent among healthy individuals (11.6%) than those with DM2 + CP (2.6%) (OR = .17, 95% CI: .03-.79, P = .015). CONCLUSION The results suggest that the presence of these variants could lead to a lower susceptibility to DM2 and CP. No other significant differences among groups were found for the other SNP investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto C M Pinho
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rayanne S A de M Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Agamenon Hospital Magalhães (HAM), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Pernambuco (UPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jessyca K Farias Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Genetics, Center of Biosciences (CB), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Cimões
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Sciences Center (CCS), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Nikolouzakis TK, Vassilopoulou L, Fragkiadaki P, Sapsakos TM, Papadakis GZ, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Tsiaoussis J. Improving diagnosis, prognosis and prediction by using biomarkers in CRC patients (Review). Oncol Rep 2018; 39:2455-2472. [PMID: 29565457 PMCID: PMC5983921 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common cancers. In fact, it is placed in the third place among the most diagnosed cancer in men, after lung and prostate cancer, and in the second one for the most diagnosed cancer in women, following breast cancer. Moreover, its high mortality rates classifies it among the leading causes of cancer‑related death worldwide. Thus, in order to help clinicians to optimize their practice, it is crucial to introduce more effective tools that will improve not only early diagnosis, but also prediction of the most likely progression of the disease and response to chemotherapy. In that way, they will be able to decrease both morbidity and mortality of their patients. In accordance with that, colon cancer research has described numerous biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive purposes that either alone or as part of a panel would help improve patient's clinical management. This review aims to describe the most accepted biomarkers among those proposed for use in CRC divided based on the clinical specimen that is examined (tissue, faeces or blood) along with their restrictions. Lastly, new insight in CRC monitoring will be discussed presenting promising emerging biomarkers (telomerase activity, telomere length and micronuclei frequency).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loukia Vassilopoulou
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Theodoros Mariolis Sapsakos
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Nursing School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Z. Papadakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), Institute of Computer Sciences (ICS), Computational Biomedicine Laboratory (CBML), 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aristides M. Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Tsiaoussis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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Mohapatra SS, Batra SK, Bharadwaj S, Bouvet M, Cosman B, Goel A, Jogunoori W, Kelley MJ, Mishra L, Mishra B, Mohapatra S, Patel B, Pisegna JR, Raufman JP, Rao S, Roy H, Scheuner M, Singh S, Vidyarthi G, White J. Precision Medicine for CRC Patients in the Veteran Population: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Research Directions. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1123-38. [PMID: 29572615 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for ~9% of all cancers in the Veteran population, a fact which has focused a great deal of the attention of the VA's research and development efforts. A field-based meeting of CRC experts was convened to discuss both challenges and opportunities in precision medicine for CRC. This group, designated as the VA Colorectal Cancer Cell-genomics Consortium (VA4C), discussed advances in CRC biology, biomarkers, and imaging for early detection and prevention. There was also a discussion of precision treatment involving fluorescence-guided surgery, targeted chemotherapies and immunotherapies, and personalized cancer treatment approaches. The overarching goal was to identify modalities that might ultimately lead to personalized cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review summarizes the findings of this VA field-based meeting, in which much of the current knowledge on CRC prescreening and treatment was discussed. It was concluded that there is a need and an opportunity to identify new targets for both the prevention of CRC and the development of effective therapies for advanced disease. Also, developing methods integrating genomic testing with tumoroid-based clinical drug response might lead to more accurate diagnosis and prognostication and more effective personalized treatment of CRC.
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