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Steiner G, Franchin A, Kangasluoma J, Kerminen VM, Kulmala M, Petäjä T. Production of neutral molecular clusters by controlled neutralization of mobility standards. Aerosol Sci Technol 2017; 51:946-955. [PMID: 28824221 PMCID: PMC5546065 DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2017.1328103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring aerosols and molecular clusters below the 3 nm size limit is essential to increase our understanding of new particle formation. Instruments for the detection of sub-3 nm aerosols and clusters exist and need to be carefully calibrated and characterized. So far calibrations and laboratory tests have been carried out using mainly electrically charged aerosols, as they are easier to handle experimentally. However, the charging state of the cluster is an important variable to take into account. Furthermore, instrument characterization performed with charged aerosols could be biased, preventing a correct interpretation of data when electrically neutral sub-3 nm aerosols are involved. This article presents the first steps to generate electrically neutral molecular clusters as standards for calibration. We show two methods: One based on the neutralization of well-known molecular clusters (mobility standards) by ions generated in a switchable aerosol neutralizer. The second is based on the controlled neutralization of mobility standards with mobility standards of opposite polarity in a recombination cell. We highlight the challenges of these two techniques and, where possible, point out solutions. In addition, we give an outlook on the next steps toward generating well-defined neutral molecular clusters with a known chemical composition and concentration. Published with license by American Association for Aerosol Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Steiner
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - A. Franchin
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - J. Kangasluoma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - V.-M. Kerminen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M. Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T. Petäjä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Dunne EM, Gordon H, Kurten A, Almeida J, Duplissy J, Williamson C, Ortega IK, Pringle KJ, Adamov A, Baltensperger U, Barmet P, Benduhn F, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, Clarke A, Curtius J, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Ehrhart S, Flagan RC, Franchin A, Guida R, Hakala J, Hansel A, Heinritzi M, Jokinen T, Kangasluoma J, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Kupc A, Lawler MJ, Lehtipalo K, Makhmutov V, Mann G, Mathot S, Merikanto J, Miettinen P, Nenes A, Onnela A, Rap A, Reddington CLS, Riccobono F, Richards NAD, Rissanen MP, Rondo L, Sarnela N, Schobesberger S, Sengupta K, Simon M, Sipila M, Smith JN, Stozkhov Y, Tome A, Trostl J, Wagner PE, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Worsnop DR, Carslaw KS. Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements. Science 2016; 354:1119-1124. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rondo L, Ehrhart S, Kürten A, Adamov A, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, Duplissy J, Franchin A, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Dunne EM, Flagan RC, Hakala J, Hansel A, Keskinen H, Kim J, Jokinen T, Lehtipalo K, Leiminger M, Praplan A, Riccobono F, Rissanen MP, Sarnela N, Schobesberger S, Simon M, Sipilä M, Smith JN, Tomé A, Tröstl J, Tsagkogeorgas G, Vaattovaara P, Winkler PM, Williamson C, Wimmer D, Baltensperger U, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Petäjä T, Worsnop DR, Curtius J. Effect of dimethylamine on the gas phase sulfuric acid concentration measured by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Geophys Res Atmos 2016; 121:3036-3049. [PMID: 27610289 PMCID: PMC4996328 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd023868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuric acid is widely recognized as a very important substance driving atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Based on quantum chemical calculations it has been suggested that the quantitative detection of gas phase sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by use of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) could be biased in the presence of gas phase amines such as dimethylamine (DMA). An experiment (CLOUD7 campaign) was set up at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber to investigate the quantitative detection of H2SO4 in the presence of dimethylamine by CIMS at atmospherically relevant concentrations. For the first time in the CLOUD experiment, the monomer sulfuric acid concentration was measured by a CIMS and by two CI-APi-TOF (Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight) mass spectrometers. In addition, neutral sulfuric acid clusters were measured with the CI-APi-TOFs. The CLOUD7 measurements show that in the presence of dimethylamine (<5 to 70 pptv) the sulfuric acid monomer measured by the CIMS represents only a fraction of the total H2SO4, contained in the monomer and the clusters that is available for particle growth. Although it was found that the addition of dimethylamine dramatically changes the H2SO4 cluster distribution compared to binary (H2SO4-H2O) conditions, the CIMS detection efficiency does not seem to depend substantially on whether an individual H2SO4 monomer is clustered with a DMA molecule. The experimental observations are supported by numerical simulations based on A Self-contained Atmospheric chemistry coDe coupled with a molecular process model (Sulfuric Acid Water NUCleation) operated in the kinetic limit.
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Maselli M, Giantin V, Franchin A, Zanatta F, Sarti S, Corradin ML, Tramontano A, Stifani B, Sergi G, Manzato E. Detection of blood pressure increments in active elderly individuals: the role of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:914-920. [PMID: 24548664 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physiological aging can lead to an increase in blood pressure (BP) over time even in regularly exercising elders. Office BP measurements (OBPM) might be unable to detect these BP variations. The aim of this study was to analyze BP changes over 3.5 years in active elders using ABPM. METHODS AND RESULTS The study involved 80 active subjects ≥65 years old who exercised regularly. At baseline and again 3.5 years later, all subjects had lab tests, weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) recorded; they underwent OBPM, ABPM and physical activity assessment. Over 3.5 years, our sample's mean weight, BMI, body composition, REE, albumin, and physical activity levels, did not change significantly. The prevalence of hypertension detected by OBPM dropped from 68.8% to 61.3%. ABPM revealed an increase in mean 24-h BP (Δsystolic: 5.3 ± 13.6 mmHg; p = 0.001; Δdiastolic: 1.8 ± 6.7 mmHg; p = 0.018) and mean daytime BP (Δsystolic: 5.8 ± 13.5 mmHg; p = 0.001; Δdiastolic: 1.9 ± 7.1 mmHg; p = 0.022); the prevalence of hypertension detected by ABPM increased from 50% to 65%, also due to an increase (from 8.8% to 16.3%) in masked hypertension. There was no correlation between BP changes and changes in body composition and REE. CONCLUSION BP tends to increase over time in active elders, regardless of changes in body composition or level of physical activity. ABPM is an appropriate method for detecting these BP variations in active elders and to reveal cases of masked hypertension that might otherwise escape detection by OBPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maselli
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy.
| | - V Giantin
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - A Franchin
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - S Sarti
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - M L Corradin
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - A Tramontano
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - B Stifani
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - G Sergi
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
| | - E Manzato
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Italy
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Riccobono F, Schobesberger S, Scott CE, Dommen J, Ortega IK, Rondo L, Almeida J, Amorim A, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, David A, Downard A, Dunne EM, Duplissy J, Ehrhart S, Flagan RC, Franchin A, Hansel A, Junninen H, Kajos M, Keskinen H, Kupc A, Kurten A, Kvashin AN, Laaksonen A, Lehtipalo K, Makhmutov V, Mathot S, Nieminen T, Onnela A, Petaja T, Praplan AP, Santos FD, Schallhart S, Seinfeld JH, Sipila M, Spracklen DV, Stozhkov Y, Stratmann F, Tome A, Tsagkogeorgas G, Vaattovaara P, Viisanen Y, Vrtala A, Wagner PE, Weingartner E, Wex H, Wimmer D, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Donahue NM, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Baltensperger U. Oxidation Products of Biogenic Emissions Contribute to Nucleation of Atmospheric Particles. Science 2014; 344:717-21. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1243527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Giantin V, Franchin A, Toffanello E, Simonato M, Baccaglini K, Grosso G, Maselli M, Enzi G, Manzato E. MASKED AND WHITE-COAT HYPERTENSION IN TWO COHORTS OF ELDERLY SUBJECTS, AMBULATORY AND HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2009; 49 Suppl 1:125-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marchioro G, Azzarello G, Checchin F, Perale M, Segati R, Sampognaro E, Rosetti F, Franchin A, Pappagallo GL, Vinante O. The impact of a psychological intervention on quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1996; 32A:1612-5. [PMID: 8911127 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether psychological intervention had a beneficial effect on the quality of life and behaviour of women diagnosed with breast cancer. 36 consecutive patients with non-metastatic breast cancer assigned to surgery and systemic chemotherapy were randomised to receive either psychological intervention (weekly cognitive individual psychotherapy and bimonthly family counselling) or standard follow-up. Personality (16-PF and IIQ), quality of life (FLIC), and depression (BDI) scores were the endpoints for this study, and the questionnaires were completed by the patients at diagnosis, and up to 9 months after diagnosis. Cognitive psychotherapy and family counselling improved both depression and quality of life indexes compared with the control group. Better emotional coping behaviours were also revealed by some changes in personality traits in the intervention group.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Marchioro
- Centro Oncologico Multizonale, ULSS No. 13, Noale (VE), Italy
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Lapolla A, Calabrò A, Gerhardinger C, Dal Frà M, Franchin A, Fedele D, Crepaldi G. Glycated erythrocyte membrane proteins and haemorheological parameters in insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 1991. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-1991-11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lapolla
- From the Cattedra Patologia Medica I - Policlinico Universitario - Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128 Padova (Italy)
| | - A. Calabrò
- From the Cattedra Patologia Medica I - Policlinico Universitario - Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128 Padova (Italy)
| | - C. Gerhardinger
- From the Cattedra Patologia Medica I - Policlinico Universitario - Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128 Padova (Italy)
| | - M.G. Dal Frà
- From the Cattedra Patologia Medica I - Policlinico Universitario - Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128 Padova (Italy)
| | - A. Franchin
- From the Cattedra Patologia Medica I - Policlinico Universitario - Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128 Padova (Italy)
| | - D. Fedele
- From the Cattedra Patologia Medica I - Policlinico Universitario - Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128 Padova (Italy)
| | - G. Crepaldi
- From the Cattedra Patologia Medica I - Policlinico Universitario - Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128 Padova (Italy)
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Lapolla A, Tessari P, Franchin A, Gerhardinger C, Valerio A, Proto N, Fedele D. Red cell sorbitol concentration in relation to short- and medium-term variation of plasma glucose. Acta Diabetol Lat 1989; 26:211-6. [PMID: 2618527 DOI: 10.1007/bf02581387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the time course of changes in red cell sorbitol (RCS) concentration in relation to variations of plasma glucose levels, RCS was determined in 7 normal subjects during i.v. glucose infusion (IVGTT); in 6 hyperglycemic insulin-dependent diabetic subjects while glycemia was normalized with Biostator GC 115 and in 4 diabetic patients in previously poor metabolic control, in whom normal glycemia was obtained in 8-10 days by intensive insulin therapy. During IVGTT, plasma glucose levels increased with significant differences from baseline at 5, 10, 16, 25, 60, 100 and 160 min and returned to basal levels after 3h; RCS concentration showed small and insignificant increases. During i.v. insulin infusion, plasma glucose fell to almost normal levels within roughly 3h; RCS levels showed a gradual reduction becoming significant at 180 min. In the third study, decrease in plasma glucose was always associated with a fall in RCS level which became significant between the 2nd and the 3rd day of the study. Thus, RCS levels were not affected by very short-term variations of glycemia but by a previous hyperglycemic crisis that lasted a few hours. There were therefore medium-term variations of RCS level. In conclusion, RCS determination is not useful as an index of metabolic control in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lapolla
- Cattedra di Patologia Medica I, Policlinico Universitario, Università degli Studi di Padova
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Lapolla A, Poli T, Meneghini F, Zucchetto M, Franchin A, Barison A, Fedele D. Glycated serum proteins and glucose tolerance. Acta Diabetol Lat 1988; 25:325-32. [PMID: 3245392 DOI: 10.1007/bf02581131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycated serum proteins (GSP), stable glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) together with some metabolic parameters were evaluated in 120 subjects, 30 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 30 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 30 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDD), and 30 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD). GSP levels were significantly higher in IGT, NIDD and IDD than in NGT. HbA1c levels were not significantly higher in IGT in comparison with NGT, but were significantly higher in NIDD and in IDD than in NGT and IGT. GSP correlated better than HbA1c with all metabolic parameters considered. Taking into account the distribution of the values, GSP showed a smaller overlap than HbA1c in all four groups studied. Moreover, only 9 subjects (30%) with IGT showed GSP levels above the normal range. Therefore, GSP assay is able to distinguish between normal and diabetic subjects but is unable by itself to discriminate subjects with normal from those with reduced glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lapolla
- Istituto di Medicina Interna, Cattedra di Patologia Medica I dell'Università, Padova, Italy
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Poli T, Lapolla A, Plebani M, Franchin A, Fedele D. Glycated serum protein determination: comparison between thiobarbituric acid and fructosamine assays. Acta Diabetol Lat 1987; 24:241-7. [PMID: 3687316 DOI: 10.1007/bf02732043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycated serum proteins were evaluated with fructosamine (GSP-fructosamine) and thiobarbituric acid (GSP) assays in 60 normal and 60 diabetic subjects. Higher levels of GSP-fructosamine and GSP were found in diabetics in comparison to controls. GSP-fructosamine levels were positively related to GSP values and the other metabolic control parameters. Moreover, the fructosamine assay is sensitive, reproducible, rapid and easy to perform. Thus, fructosamine assay could be a useful method for glycated serum protein evaluation in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Poli
- Istituto di Medicina Interna, Padova, Italy
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