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Rolfs A, Fazekas F, Grittner U, Dichgans M, Martus P, Holzhausen M, Böttcher T, Heuschmann PU, Tatlisumak T, Tanislav C, Jungehulsing GJ, Giese AK, Putaala J, Huber R, Bodechtel U, Lichy C, Enzinger C, Schmidt R, Hennerici MG, Kaps M, Kessler C, Lackner K, Paschke E, Meyer W, Mascher H, Riess O, Kolodny E, Norrving B, Rolfs A, Ginsberg M, Hennerici MG, Kessler C, Kolodny E, Martus P, Norrving B, Ringelstein EB, Rothwell PM, Venables G, Bornstein N, deDeyn P, Dichgans M, Fazekas F, Markus H, Rieß O, Biedermann C, Böttcher T, Brüderlein K, Burmeister J, Federow I, König F, Makowei G, Niemann D, Rolfs A, Rösner S, Zielke S, Grittner U, Martus P, Holzhausen M, Fazekas F, Enzinger C, Schmidt R, Ropele S, Windisch M, Sterner E, Bodamer O, Fellgiebel A, Hillen U, Jonas L, Kampmann C, Kropp P, Lackner K, Laue M, Mascher H, Meyer W, Paschke E, Weidemann F, Berrouschot J, Stoll A, Rokicha A, Sternitzky C, Thomä M, DeDeyn PP, Sheorajpanday R, De Brabander I, Yperzeele L, Brouns R, Oschmann P, Pott M, Schultes K, Schultze C, Hirsekorn J, Jungehulsing GJ, Villringer A, Schmidt W, Liman T, Nowe T, Ebinger M, Wille A, Loui H, Objartel A, übelacker A, Mette R, Jegzentis K, Nabavi DG, Crome O, Bahr D, Ebke M, Platte B, Kleinen C, Mermolja Gunther K, Heide W, Pape O, Hanssen JR, Stangenberg D, Klingelhofer J, Schmidt B, Schwarz S, Schwarze J, Frandlih L, Iwanow J, Steinbach I, Krieger D, Boysen G, Leth Jeppesen L, Petersen A, Reichmann H, Becker U, Dzialkowski I, Hentschel H, Lautenschlager C, Hanso H, Gahn G, Ziemssen T, Fleischer K, Sehr B, McCabe DJH, Tobin O, Kinsella J, Murphy RP, Jander S, Hartung HP, Siebler M, Bottcher C, Kohne A, Platzen J, Brosig TC, Rothhammer V, Henseler C, Neumann-Haefelin T, Singer OC, Ermis U, dos Santos IMRM, Schuhmann C, van de Loo S, Kaps M, Allendorfer J, Tanislav C, Brandtner M, Muir K, Dani K, MacDougall N, Smith W, Rowe A, Welch A, Fazekas F, Schrotter G, Krenn U, Horner S, Pendl B, Pluta-Fuerst A, Trummer U, Kessler C, Chatzopoulos M, v Sarnowski B, Schminke U, Link T, Khaw A, Nieber E, Zierz S, Muller T, Wegener N, Wartenberg K, Gaul C, Richter D, Rosenkranz M, Krützelmann AC, Hoppe J, Choe CU, Narr S, Magnus TU, Thomalla G, Leypoldt F, Otto D, Lichy C, Hacke W, Barrows RJ, Tatlisumak T, Putaala J, Curtze S, Metso M, Willeit J, Furtner M, Spiegel M, Knoflach MH, Prantl B, Witte OW, Brämer D, Günther A, Prell T, Herzau C, Aurich K, Deuschl G, Wodarg F, Zimmermann P, Eschenfelder CC, Levsen M, Weber JR, Marecek SM, Schneider D, Michalski D, Kloppig W, Küppers-Tiedt L, Schneider M, Schulz A, Matzen P, Weise C, Hobohm C, Meier H, Langos R, Urban D, Gerhardt I, Thijs V, Lemmens R, Marcelis E, Hulsbosch C, Aichner F, Haring HP, Bach E, Machado Candido J, e Silva AA, Lourenco M, de Sousa AIM, Derex L, Cho TH, Díez-Tejedor E, Fuentes B, Martínez-Sanchez P, Pérez-Guevara MI, Hamer H, Metz A, Hallenberger K, Müller P, Baron P, Bersano A, Gattinoni M, Vella N, Mallia M, Jauss M, Adam L, Heidler F, Gube C, Kiszka M, Dichgans M, Karpinska A, Mewald Y, Straub V, Dörr A, Zollver A, Ringelstein EB, Schilling M, Borchert A, Preuth N, Duning T, Kuhlenbäumer G, Schulte D, Rothwell PM, Marquardt L, Schlachetzki F, Boy S, Mädl J, Ertl GM, Fehm NPR, Stadler C, Benecke R, Dudesek A, Kolbaske S, Lardurner G, Sulzer C, Zerbs A, Lilek S, Walleczek AM, Sinadinowska D, Janelidze M, Beridze M, Lobjanidze N, Dzagnidze A, Melms A, Horber K, Fink I, Liske B, Ludolph AC, Huber R, Knauer K, Hendrich C, Raubold S, Czlonkowska A, Baranowska A, Blazejewska-Hyzorek B, Lang W, Kristoferitsch W, Ferrari J, Ulrich E, Flamm-Horak A, Lischka-Lindner A, Schreiber W, Demarin V, Tranjec Z, Bosner-Puretic M, Jurašić MJ, Basic Kes V, Budisic M, Kopacevic L. Acute Cerebrovascular Disease in the Young. Stroke 2013; 44:340-9. [PMID: 23306324 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.663708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Strokes have especially devastating implications if they occur early in life; however, only limited information exists on the characteristics of acute cerebrovascular disease in young adults. Although risk factors and manifestation of atherosclerosis are commonly associated with stroke in the elderly, recent data suggests different causes for stroke in the young. We initiated the prospective, multinational European study Stroke in Young Fabry Patients (sifap) to characterize a cohort of young stroke patients.
Methods—
Overall, 5023 patients aged 18 to 55 years with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke (3396), hemorrhagic stroke (271), transient ischemic attack (1071) were enrolled in 15 European countries and 47 centers between April 2007 and January 2010 undergoing a detailed, standardized, clinical, laboratory, and radiological protocol.
Results—
Median age in the overall cohort was 46 years. Definite Fabry disease was diagnosed in 0.5% (95% confidence interval, 0.4%–0.8%; n=27) of all patients; and probable Fabry disease in additional 18 patients. Males dominated the study population (2962/59%) whereas females outnumbered men (65.3%) among the youngest patients (18–24 years). About 80.5% of the patients had a first stroke. Silent infarcts on magnetic resonance imaging were seen in 20% of patients with a first-ever stroke, and in 11.4% of patients with transient ischemic attack and no history of a previous cerebrovascular event. The most common causes of ischemic stroke were large artery atherosclerosis (18.6%) and dissection (9.9%).
Conclusions—
Definite Fabry disease occurs in 0.5% and probable Fabry disease in further 0.4% of young stroke patients. Silent infarcts, white matter intensities, and classical risk factors were highly prevalent, emphasizing the need for new early preventive strategies.
Clinical Trial Registration Information—
URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
.Unique identifier: NCT00414583
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Rolfs
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Franz Fazekas
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Martin Dichgans
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Peter Martus
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Martin Holzhausen
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Tobias Böttcher
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Peter U. Heuschmann
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Christian Tanislav
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Gerhard J. Jungehulsing
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Anne-Katrin Giese
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Jukaa Putaala
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Roman Huber
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Ulf Bodechtel
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Christoph Lichy
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Christian Enzinger
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Michael G. Hennerici
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Manfred Kaps
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Christof Kessler
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Karl Lackner
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Eduard Paschke
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Wolfgang Meyer
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Hermann Mascher
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Olaf Riess
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Edwin Kolodny
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - Bo Norrving
- From the Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany (A.R., T.B., A.K.G.); Department of Neurology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (F.F., C.E., R.S.); Institute for Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charite-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany (U.G., P.M., M.H.); Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research and Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximillians University, Munich, Germany (M.D.); Center for Stroke Research Berlin,
| | - A Rolfs
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - I Federow
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - F König
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - G Makowei
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - D Niemann
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - A Rolfs
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Rösner
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Zielke
- University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - U Grittner
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - P Martus
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - M Holzhausen
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - F Fazekas
- Dept of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Enzinger
- Dept of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Schmidt
- Dept of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Ropele
- Dept of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - U Hillen
- (Essen, Germany) immunohistochemistry
| | - L Jonas
- (Rostock, Germany) electron-microscopy
| | | | - P Kropp
- (Rostock, Germany) headache and pain
| | | | - M Laue
- (Rostock, Germany) electron-microscopy
| | | | - W Meyer
- (London) epidemiology and neuropsychiatry
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - W Schmidt
- Berlin – Charite/Germany, University
| | - T Liman
- Berlin – Charite/Germany, University
| | - T Nowe
- Berlin – Charite/Germany, University
| | - M Ebinger
- Berlin – Charite/Germany, University
| | - A Wille
- Berlin – Charite/Germany, University
| | - H Loui
- Berlin – Charite/Germany, University
| | | | | | - R Mette
- Berlin – Charite/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | - D Bahr
- Berlin – Neukolln/Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - G Gahn
- Dresden/Germany, University
| | | | | | - B Sehr
- Dresden/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Kohne
- Dusseldorf/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - OC Singer
- Frankfurt am Main/Germany, University
| | - U Ermis
- Frankfurt am Main/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | - M Kaps
- Giessen/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | - K Muir
- Glasgow/United Kingdom, University
| | - K Dani
- Glasgow/United Kingdom, University
| | | | - W Smith
- Glasgow/United Kingdom, University
| | - A Rowe
- Glasgow/United Kingdom, University
| | - A Welch
- Glasgow/United Kingdom, University
| | | | | | - U Krenn
- Graz/Austria, Medical University
| | - S Horner
- Graz/Austria, Medical University
| | - B Pendl
- Graz/Austria, Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T Link
- Greifswald/Germany, University
| | - A Khaw
- Greifswald/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - C Gaul
- Halle/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Narr
- Hamburg/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | - D Otto
- Hamburg/Germany, University
| | - C Lichy
- Heidelberg/Germany, University
| | - W Hacke
- Heidelberg/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | | | - M Metso
- Helsinki/Finland, University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Metz
- Marburg/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M Jauss
- Muhlhausen/Thuringen/Germany
| | - L Adam
- Muhlhausen/Thuringen/Germany
| | | | - C Gube
- Muhlhausen/Thuringen/Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Dörr
- Munich/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S Boy
- Regensburg/Germany, University
| | - J Mädl
- Regensburg/Germany, University
| | - GM Ertl
- Regensburg/Germany, University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Melms
- Tubingen/Germany, University
| | | | - I Fink
- Tubingen/Germany, University
| | - B Liske
- Tubingen/Germany, University
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Airapetian A, Akopov N, Amarian M, Aschenauer EC, Avakian H, Avakian R, Avetissian A, Avetissian E, Bains B, Baumgarten C, Beckmann M, Belostotski S, Belz JE, Benisch T, Bernreuther S, Bianchi N, Blouw J, Böttcher H, Borissov A, Bouwhuis M, Brack J, Brauksiepe S, Braun B, Bray B, Brons S, Brückner W, Brüll A, Bruins EEW, Bulten HJ, Capitani GP, Carter P, Chumney P, Cisbani E, Court GR, Dalpiaz PF, De Sanctis E, De Schepper D, Devitsin E, de Witt Huberts PKA, Di Nezza P, Düren M, Dvoredsky A, Elbakian G, Ely J, Fantoni A, Fechtchenko A, Ferstl M, Fiedler K, Filippone BW, Fischer H, Fox B, Franz J, Frullani S, Funk MA, Gärber Y, Gao H, Garibaldi F, Gavrilov G, Geiger P, Gharibyan V, Golendukhin A, Graw G, Grebeniouk O, Green PW, Greeniaus LG, Grosshauser C, Guidal M, Gute A, Gyurjyan V, Haas JP, Haeberli W, Hansen JO, Hartig M, Hasch D, Häusser O, Heinsius FH, Henderson R, Henoch M, Hertenberger R, Holler Y, Holt RJ, Hoprich W, Ihssen H, Iodice M, Izotov A, Jackson HE, Jgoun A, Kaiser R, Kinney E, Kisselev A, Kitching P, Kobayashi H, Koch N, Königsmann K, Kolstein M, Kolster H, Korotkov V, Korsch W, Kozlov V, Kramer LH, Krivokhijine VG, Kurisuno M, Kyle G, Lachnit W, Lenisa P, Lorenzon W, Makins NCR, Martens FK, Martin JW, Masoli F, Mateos A, McAndrew M, McIlhany K, McKeown RD, Meissner F, Menden F, Metz A, Meyners N, Mikloukho O, Miller CA, Miller MA, Milner R, Most A, Muccifora V, Mussa R, Nagaitsev A, Naryshkin Y, Nathan AM, Neunreither F, Niczyporuk M, Nowak WD, Nupieri M, Oganessyan KA, O'Neill TG, Openshaw R, Ouyang J, Owen BR, Papavassiliou V, Pate SF, Pitt M, Potashov S, Potterveld DH, Rakness G, Reali A, Redwine R, Reolon AR, Ristinen R, Rith K, Rossi P, Rudnitsky S, Ruh M, Ryckbosch D, Sakemi Y, Savin I, Scarlett C, Schäfer A, Schmidt F, Schmitt H, Schnell G, Schüler KP, Schwind A, Seibert J, Shibata TA, Shibatani K, Shin T, Shutov V, Simani C, Simon A, Sinram K, Slavich P, Spengos M, Steffens E, Stenger J, Stewart J, Stoesslein U, Sutter M, Tallini H, Taroian S, Terkulov A, Teryaev O, Thomas E, Tipton B, Tytgat M, Urciuoli GM, van den Brand JFJ, van der Steenhoven G, van de Vyver R, van Hunen JJ, Vetterli MC, Vikhrov V, Vincter MG, Visser J, Volk E, Wander W, Wendland J, Williamson SE, Wise T, Woller K, Yoneyama S, Zohrabian H. Evidence for a single-spin azimuthal asymmetry in semi-inclusive pion electroproduction. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:4047-4051. [PMID: 10990607 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Single-spin asymmetries for semi-inclusive pion production in deep-inelastic scattering have been measured for the first time. A significant target-spin asymmetry of the distribution in the azimuthal angle straight phi of the pion relative to the lepton scattering plane was formed for pi(+) electroproduction on a longitudinally polarized hydrogen target. The corresponding analyzing power in the sinstraight phi moment of the cross section is 0.022+/-0.005+/-0.003. This result can be interpreted as the effect of terms in the cross section involving chiral-odd spin distribution functions in combination with a chiral-odd fragmentation function that is sensitive to the transverse polarization of the fragmenting quark.
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