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Guadalajara H, Yiasemidou M, Muñoz de Nova JL, Sedman P, Fernandez Gonzalez S, Maslekar S, Recarte Rico M, Egan R, Juez LD, Riyad K, García Septiem J, Lockwood S, Galindo Jara P, Giorga A, García Virosta M, Hance J, Lobo Martínez E, Martín-Pérez E, Howitt A, Jayne D, Chetter I, García-Olmo D, Fernández-Cebrián JM, Jover JM, Acín-Gándara D, Perea-del-Pozo E, Dios-Barbeito S, Aparicio-Sánchez D, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado VM, Pareja-Ciuró F, Martin-Antona E, Cano-Valderrama O, Torres-Garcia AJ, Zarain-Obrador L, Durán-Poveda M, Peinado-Iribar B, Fernandez-Luengas D, Pascual-Migueláñez I, Garcia-Chiloeches A, Puerta A, Martín-Pérez E, García-del-Álamo-Hernández Y, Maqueda-González R, Gutiérrez-Samaniego M, Colao-García L, Núñez-O’Sullivan S, Vaquero MA, Picardo-Nieto A, Blazquez-Martin A, Vera-Mansilla C, Soto-Schüte S, Gutiérrez-Calvo A, Mínguez-García J, Sanchez-Argüeso A, Hernández-Villafranca S, Qian-Zhang S, Gortazar-de-las-Casas S, Dominguez-Prieto V, Lopez-Fernandez O, Casalduero-García L, Iparraguirre MÁ, Florez-Gamarra M, Argüello-de-Andrés JM, Tallón-Iglesias B, Pereira-Perez F, García-Ureña MÁ, Paeriro G, Fuenmayor-Valera ML, Pardo R, Pellen M, Basheer M, Harries R, Parkins K, Spencer N, Li Z, Burridge J, Wynn H, Mesri M. The international PIACO study: pattern of surgical approaches for acute surgical pathologies in Spain versus UK. Was conservative treatment and open surgery during COVID-19 the way to go? BJS Open 2022; 6:6658292. [PMID: 35939374 PMCID: PMC9359448 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Guadalajara
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Díaz University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - José Luis Muñoz de Nova
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Peter Sedman
- Upper Gi Surgery, Hull University Teaching Hospitals , Hull , UK
| | - Saul Fernandez Gonzalez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Díaz University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - María Recarte Rico
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Tajo University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - Richard Egan
- Department of General Surgery, Swansea Bay UHB, Swansea University , Swansea, Wales , UK
| | - Luz Divina Juez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Javier García Septiem
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Sonia Lockwood
- Colorectal Surgery, Bradford Teaching Hospitals , Bradford , UK
| | - Pablo Galindo Jara
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Torrejon University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - Andrea Giorga
- Colorectal Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals , Leeds , UK
| | - Mariana García Virosta
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Infanta Sofia University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - Julian Hance
- Colorectal Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals , Leeds , UK
| | - Eduardo Lobo Martínez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Pérez
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, La Princesa University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Annabel Howitt
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bradford Teaching Hospitals , Bradford , UK
| | - David Jayne
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
| | - Ian Chetter
- Academic Vascular Surgery, University of Hull , Hull , UK
| | - Damian García-Olmo
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Fundación Jimenez Díaz University Hospital , Madrid , Spain
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Núñez J, García-Angarita FJ, Puerta A, Muñoz P, Sanjuanbenito A. Sleeve gastrectomy for idiopathic acute gastric dilatation with transmural necrosis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2021; 103:e275-e277. [PMID: 34431688 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.7121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) is usually related to eating disorders, postoperative status and mechanical obstruction of the duodenum. When intragastric pressure is augmented, it can lead to alteration of blood flow and result in transmural necrosis. However, there are very few reports on idiopathic AGD and so here we describe the case of a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with AGD without any apparent cause. Conservative treatment was initially conducted, but because of the persistence of dilatation, presence of gastric ulcer and gastric pneumatosis, a surgical approach was necessary. During surgery, gastric necrosis was observed in the greater curvature. A sleeve gastrectomy was conducted from the angle of His to the antrum. No complications were present during the postoperative course. Oeso-gastro-duodenal barium study showed no signs of gastric emptying and psychiatric evaluation ruled out any eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Núñez
- Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A Puerta
- Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Muñoz
- Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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García-Cruces J, López Izquierdo R, Domínguez-Gil M, López-Urrutia L, de Frutos M, Lorenzo B, Nogueira B, Puerta A, Fernández-Esgueva M, Merino I, Ramos Sanchez MC, Eiros JM. [Analysis of the demand for detection of SARSCoV-2 in a health area of Spain]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2020; 33:422-429. [PMID: 32945156 PMCID: PMC7712336 DOI: 10.37201/req/089.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the discovery of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR) has become the fundamental method for diagnosing the disease in its acute phase. The objective is to describe the demand-based series of RT-PCR determinations received at a Microbiology Service at a third-level reference hospital for a health area for three months spanning from the onset of the epidemic by SARS-CoV-2. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the total of the RT-PCR requested in the Microbiology Service analyzed from 02/25/2020 to 05/26/2020 (90 days) has been carried out. They have been grouped by epidemiological weeks and by the petitioner service. A descriptive analysis was carried out by age, gender and number of requests for each patient. In the tests carried out, a confidence level of 95% (p <0.05) was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 27,106 requests was received corresponding to 22,037 patients. Median age 53.7 (RIC 40.9-71.7) years, women: 61.3%. Proportion of patients with any positive RT-PCR: 14%. Of the total requests for RT-PCR, positive 3,710. Week 13 had the highest diagnosis performance (39.0%). The primary care has been the service thar has made the most requests (15,953). Patients with 3 or more RT-PCR: 565, of them, 19 patients had a positive result after previously having a negative one. CONCLUSIONS Requests have been increasing depending on the evolution of the epidemic. The RT-PCR has a high diagnostic performance in the phases of highest contagiousness and / or transmissibility of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R López Izquierdo
- Raúl López Izquierdo. Servicio de Urgencias Hospital Universitario Río Hortega. Dulzaina nº 2, 47012. Valladolid. Spain.
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Puerta A, Bajawi M, Abadía P, Vilar A, Die J. Hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and total colectomy for Lynch syndrome - hybrid natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery - a video vignette. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:2357-2358. [PMID: 32920980 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Puerta
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bajawi
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Abadía
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Vilar
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Die
- Colorectal Surgery Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Rodriguez-Rejon AI, Artacho R, Puerta A, Zuñiga A, Ruiz-Lopez MD. Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Long-Term Care Homes for the Elderly: the Sensitivity and Specificity of Two Simplified Algorithms with Respect to the EWGSOP Consensus. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:796-801. [PMID: 30080222 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly care homes using the algorithm of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) and to evaluate the applicability, sensitivity, and specificity of two simplified algorithms that do not include gait speed measurement. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Long-term care homes. PARTICIPANTS 249 residents (187 females and 62 males) with a mean age of 84.9 ± 6.7 years (range, 70-106 yrs). MEASUREMENTS Cognitive impairment was evaluated with the Pfeiffer test, functional capacity with the Barthel index, walking ability by the Functional Ambulation Classification, muscle mass by bioelectrical impedance analysis, muscle strength by handgrip dynamometry and, gait speed over a distance of 4 m. Sarcopenia was assessed using the EWGSOP-recommended algorithm and two simplified algorithms (A and B). Algorithms A and B were validated with respect to the EWGSOP algorithm using the MacNemar test and obtaining the sensitivity and specificity, kappa coefficient, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS Total or severe dependence was recorded in 67% of the 249 residents, severe or moderate cognitive impairment in 64%, inability to walk in 49%, and capacity to walk only with the aid of an ambulator or two people in 21%. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 63.0% by the EWGSOP algorithm, 62.9% by algorithm A and 63.2% by algorithm B (P = 1.000); 143 participants were diagnosed with sarcopenia by all three methods (P =1.000, K = 1.000). CONCLUSION Further studies that include residents with functional and/or cognitive impairment are required to validate these results, comparing the diagnostic performance of the EGWSOP algorithm with that of the simplified algorithms validated in the present report.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Rodriguez-Rejon
- Reyes Artacho Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences. University of Granada, Spain,
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Salinas A, Puerta A, Olmedo J, Martínez E, Blanch JJ, Mateos F, Tárraga I. Acalculous cholecystitis in a patient with Plasmodium falciparum infection after a trip to the Dominican Republic. Trop Doct 2009; 39:101-2. [PMID: 19299295 DOI: 10.1258/td.2008.080241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acalculous cholecystitis has been associated with several infectious agents, but its relation with Plasmodium falciparum infection has not been clearly defined. This is the first case of acalculous cholecystitis produced by Plasmodium falciparum infection that is directly documented and should be included among the differential diagnoses of acalculous cholecystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salinas
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Albacete, C/Hermanos Falcó, 37, 02006 Albacete, Spain.
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Galant Herrero J, Martí-Bonmatí L, Roca V, Calbo J, Picazo N, Puerta A. Visualización por resonancia magnética del drenaje venoso en las masas pélvicas: una ayuda para filiar su origen. Radiología 2009; 51:171-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
A hyperbranched polycarbosilane of the type [R3SiCH2−]x[−SiR2CH2−]y[−SiR(CH2−)1.5]z[−Si(CH2−)2]l (R = H, –CH2CH=CH2, or OR) has been prepared, which was used as a source of inorganic/organic hybrid materials and, through pyrolysis, as a precursor to inorganic solids with unusual microstructures and properties. A partially allyl-substituted derivative “AHPCS”, nominally ['Si(allyl)0.1H0.9CH2']n, has been extensively studied as a precursor to silicon carbide (SiC) and is now used commercially as a SiC matrix source for C- and SiC-fiber-reinforced composites and binder for particulate ceramics. The alkoxy derivatives, ['Si(OR)2CH2'], (R = Me, Et) yield, after hydrolysis and condensation, carbosilane/siloxane gels with unusually high surface areas (700–900 m2/g) and microporosity that is retained in the resultant SiOxCy ceramics formed after pyrolysis to 1000 °C. The fully condensed ['Si(O)CH2'] gel in the latter case was obtained as thin, adherent films on Si surfaces by spin coating and was found to exhibit dielectric constants as low as 2.0 after heating to 400 °C. The SiC precursor, AHPCS, has also been used recently, along with other polymeric precursors, to make two-phase (SiC/C and SiC/BN) amorphous ceramics that exhibit unusual microstructures and thermal/mechanical properties. These microstructures are formed during the mixing and thermosetting of the constituent polymers, which undergo phase separation due to their immiscibility. Certain of the SiC/C composites, which have the C phase uniformly distributed as ca.1-µm droplets in a SiCx matrix, exhibit high oxidation resistance, and microindentation tests on the SiC/BN system suggest unusual toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard V. Interrante
- 1Departments of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - K. Moraes
- 1Departments of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - Q. Liu
- 1Departments of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - N. Lu
- 1Departments of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - A. Puerta
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - L. G. Sneddon
- 2University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gámez C, Ruiz-Lopez MD, Artacho R, Puerta A, López MC. Body composition in institutionalized elderly people in Granada (Spain). Relation with other nutritional parameters. Int J Food Sci Nutr 1998; 49:237-41. [PMID: 10616666 DOI: 10.3109/09637489809086417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Anthropometric characteristics and body composition were assessed in a group of 93 institutionalized elderly people, mean age 80.9 +/- 7.6 years, in Granada (Spain). The body composition was measured by the bioelectrical impedance technique. The influence of dietary energy intake, lifestyle, physical activity and health data were studied. Forty-five per cent of the women and 17% of the men were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) and 78% of the women and 54% of the men were overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2). Only 12% of men and 4% of women suffered from undernutrition (BMI < 20 kg/m2). No significant correlations (P > 0.05) were found between BMI or body fat percentage and energy intake. Lifestyle and health data do not affect the BMI or body composition, but a significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) was found between the physical handicap level and the energy intake in all the sample (r = -0.26) and in the women (r = -0.16).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gámez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Artacho R, Ruíz-López MD, Gámez C, Puerta A, López MC. Serum concentration and dietary intake of Zn in healthy institutionalized elderly subjects. Sci Total Environ 1997; 205:159-165. [PMID: 9372627 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We determined the serum concentrations and dietary intake of zinc, as indicators of Zn status, in 44 healthy institutionalized elderly subjects in Granada (Spain) (mean age 81.4 +/- 7.9 years). Determination of Zn in serum was carried out by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum samples had a mean Zn concentration of 10.49 +/- 3.5 mumol/1. No significant differences were found in the serum levels of Zn as regards the sex of the subjects. However, concerning Zn intake, determined by a 7-day weighted food record, a significant statistical difference (P < 0.001) was found between men and women, with mean values of 10.01 +/- 1.76 mg/day and 7.33 +/- 1.33 mg/day, respectively. Application of regression analysis to the serum concentration of Zn and other nutritional parameters shows a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.05) between serum levels of Zn and the body mass index. The lack of statistical correlation between the serum concentration of zinc and its intake indicates that this index cannot be used as an indicator of zinc status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Artacho
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Gámez C, Artacho R, Ruíz-Lopez MD, Navarro M, Puerta A, López MC. Serum concentration and dietary intake of Mg and Ca in institutionalized elderly people. Sci Total Environ 1997; 203:245-251. [PMID: 9260310 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We determined the serum levels and the dietary intake of Mg and Ca in 93 institutionalized elderly people (24 men and 69 women) in Granada (Spain). The serum samples had mean concentrations of 21.39 +/- 2.08 mg/l magnesium and 93.39 +/- 9.24 mg/l calcium. No significant differences were found in the serum levels of the two minerals as regards the sex of the subjects. Application of linear regression analysis to the serum Mg and Ca levels showed a statistically significant positive correlation (P < 0.05). A low vitamin D intake of these subjects (51.8% of the recommended dietary allowance) was observed. The intakes of Ca and Mg correlated positively together, as well as with the intakes of energy, protein, fibre (in the case of Mg only), iron and phosphorus (P < 0.05). The Ca and energy intake were adequate to their current recommendations, as too was the Ca:P ratio, whereas the diet had a poor supply of fibre, vitamin D and Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gámez
- Departmento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Gámez C, Artacho R, Ruíz-López MD, Navarro M, Puerta A, López MC. Serum copper in institutionalized elderly subjects: relations with dietary intake of energy, specific nutrients and haematological parameters. Sci Total Environ 1997; 201:31-38. [PMID: 9232023 DOI: 10.1016/s0048-9697(97)84050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of serum copper were determined as an indicator of corporal status of Cu and its relation to aging in 93 institutionalized elderly subjects (24 men and 69 women) in Granada (Spain). We found that aging does not affect serum Cu levels in the two age groups included in the study: Group I < 80 years and Group II > or = 80 years. Application of linear regression analysis to the serum Cu levels and the intake of energy, fibre, iron and magnesium showed a statistically significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) among them in all the subjects. However, no correlation was observed when the serum Cu levels were related to the intake of zinc or vitamin C. Therefore, at the daily intake levels of these two nutrients, they do not interfere in the absorption of copper and hence do not affect the corporal status of this element in the elderly. Blood erythrocyte and haemoglobin concentrations do not show any significant correlation with the serum Cu concentrations (P > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gámez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Gámez C, Ruiz-López D, Artacho R, Navarro M, Puerta A, López C. Serum selenium in institutionalized elderly subjects and relation to other nutritional markers. Clin Chem 1997; 43:693-4. [PMID: 9105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Gámez C, Artacho R, Ruiz-López MD, Puerta A, López MC. Nutritional status of vitamin A and E in institutionalized elderly people in Granada (Spain). J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1996; 42:397-405. [PMID: 8981247 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.42.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A study has been carried out on the nutritional status of vitamin A and E in 93 institutionalized elderly people in Granada (Spain) by studying their vitamin intake and the serum values of retinol and alpha-tocopherol. The influence of lipid intake and lipids in plasma has been also discussed. The vitamin A intake is higher than the recommended amount and represent 209% DR in men and 217% DR in women. The vitamin E intake is deficient in 33% of the men and 27% of the women. The serum values of retinol indicate that 11% of the women have a deficiency (< 0.7 microM), and that 39% of the men and 32% of the women have low values (0.7-1.22 microM). As for the serum values of alpha-tocopherol, 6% of the women have deficient values, and 82% of the men and 37% of the women have low values (11.6-23.2 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gámez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Spain
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