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Short S, Kendall J, West E, Chalmers A, McBain C, Melcher A, Collinson F, Phillip R, Brown S, Samson A. P11.64.A Long-term follow up and translational data from the ReoGlio phase Ib trial of GM-CSF and intravenous pelareorep (Reovirus) alongside standard of care in GBM. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac174.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
We previously reported safety data from a phase Ib, open-label study of intravenous oncolytic virus pelareorep with GM-CSF alongside standard chemoradiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma confirming that the combination is well tolerated. We now report on long-term follow up and analysis of translational samples from tumour and blood in a subset of patients.
METHODS
15 patients with newly diagnosed GBM were treated with GM-CSF 50μg subcutaneously on days 1-3 and intravenous pelareorep on days 4-5 in weeks 1 and 4 of chemoradiotherapy, and subsequently in week 1 of each adjuvant temozolomide course: 7 patients received 1x1010TCID50 (dose level 1); 8 received 3x1010TCID50 (dose level 2). The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of pelareorep and GM-CSF with standard chemoradiotherapy. Following a protocol amendment we also collected survival data in all patients up to August 2021. Serial blood samples were taken from three patients, at baseline, during chemoradiotherapy and in the first adjuvant cycle. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analysed for immune checkpoint expression by flow cytometry, RNAseq gene expression and T-cell receptor clonality, whilst plasma cytokines were quantified by Luminex.
RESULTS
This combination was well tolerated with 87% of patients completing treatment as planned. Survival data analysis showed that median OS was 12.6 months in dose level 1 and 16.1 months in dose level 2, median OS for all patients was 13.1 months. The 24-month survival estimate for all patients was 25.0%, 16.7% for dose level 1 and 33.3% for dose level 2. One patient in dose level 1 remains alive at 43 months post registration without further treatment. Laboratory data showed that pelareorep infusion resulted in inflammatory cytokine and chemokine secretion, immune checkpoint modulation, and upregulation of inflammatory pathways. There was also increased peripheral clonal tumour-specific T-cell proliferation following pelareorep infusion.
CONCLUSION
Although based on small numbers, these long-term follow up data suggest this may be an active combination in a subset of GBM patients. Translational data confirm that pelareorep potentially activates tumour-targeting immune pathways in GBM, with consequential immune checkpoint modulation. These data support a combination clinical trial of pelareorep, radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Short
- University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - J Kendall
- University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - E West
- University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - A Chalmers
- University of Glasgow , Glasgow , United Kingdom
| | - C McBain
- The Christie Hospital, Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom
| | - A Melcher
- Institute of Cancer Research , London , United Kingdom
| | - F Collinson
- University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - R Phillip
- University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - S Brown
- University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
| | - A Samson
- University of Leeds , Leeds , United Kingdom
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Wilkins A, Hall E, Lewis R, Gribble H, Melcher A, Huddart R. RE-ARMing the Immune Response to Bladder Cancer with Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:421-425. [PMID: 34998656 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wilkins
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
| | - E Hall
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - R Lewis
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H Gribble
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - A Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Huddart
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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3
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Robinson R, Roxanis I, Sobhani F, Zormpas-Petridis K, Steel H, Anbalagan S, Sommer A, Gothard L, Khan A, MacNeill F, Melcher A, Yuan Y, Somaiah N. PO-1085 Longitudinal assessment of immune infiltrate in breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)07536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Dillon M, McLaughlin M, Patin E, Malin P, Ragulan C, Elisa F, Wilkins A, Melcher A, Harrington K. PD-0062: Clinical modulation of tumour immune infiltrates and plasma cytokines by ATR inhibition ± radiation. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Samson A, West E, Turnbull S, Scott K, Tidswell E, Kingston J, Johnpulle M, Bendjama K, Stojkowitz N, Lusky M, Toogood G, Twelves C, Ralph C, Anthoney A, Melcher A, Collinson F. Single intravenous preoperative administration of the oncolytic virus Pexa-Vec to prime anti-tumour immunity. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz253.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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6
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Wilkins A, Melcher A, Somaiah N. Science in Focus: Biological Optimisation of Radiotherapy Fraction Size in an Era of Immune Oncology. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:605-608. [PMID: 30041845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Wilkins
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Somaiah
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
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7
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Dillon M, Bergerhoff K, Pedersen M, Whittock H, Patin E, Smith H, Paget J, Patel R, Bozhanova G, Foo S, Campbell J, Ragulan C, Fontana E, Wilkins A, Sadanandam A, Melcher A, McLaughlin M, Harrington K. ATR inhibition with radiation creates an inflammatory tumour microenvironment. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy303.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Rullan Iriarte A, Arwert E, Milford E, Chakravarty P, Melcher A, Harrington K, Sahai E. Interaction between cancer associated fibroblasts and cancer cells influence immune infiltrate and is modulated by therapeutic agents. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy303.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Smith H, Paget J, Roulstone V, Mansfield D, Kyula-Currie J, McLaughlin M, Melcher A, Harrington K, Hayes A. PO-360 Vaccinia virus delivered by isolated limb perfusion combines with PD-1 blockade to prevent local and distant relapse in soft-tissue sarcoma. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Paget J, Mclaughlin M, Kyula J, Mansfield D, Smith H, Roulstone V, Melcher A, Somaiah N, Harrington K, Khan A. PO-121 Lentivirally-delivered ShRNA knockdown of CXCL12 prevents fibrosis in a rodent model of radiation late adverse effects. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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11
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McLaughlin M, Roulstone V, Kyula J, Smith H, Bergerhoff K, Pedersen M, Melcher A, Harrington K. PO-031 Sensitising P53 mutant HNSCC to oncolytic reovirus (RT3D) by targeting the unfolded protein response. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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12
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Yip K, Melcher A, Harrington K, Illidge T, Nobes J, Webster A, Smith D, Lorigan P, Nathan P, Larkin J. Pembrolizumab in Combination with Radiotherapy for Metastatic Melanoma - Introducing the PERM Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018; 30:201-203. [PMID: 29402599 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Yip
- Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, UK.
| | - A Melcher
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Chelsea, London, UK
| | - K Harrington
- Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London, UK; The Royal Marsden Hospital, Chelsea, London, UK
| | - T Illidge
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Withington, Manchester, UK
| | - J Nobes
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - A Webster
- Radiotherapy Trials Quality Assurance Group, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - D Smith
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, Chelsea, London, UK
| | - P Lorigan
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Withington, Manchester, UK
| | - P Nathan
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - J Larkin
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, Chelsea, London, UK
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Turnbull S, West E, Scott K, Tidswell E, Melcher A, Seymour M, Ralph C, Seligmann J. Revealing potential immune responses (IRs) in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC) on first line chemotherapy: A prospective study of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, immune function and outcome. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx390.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Samson A, Scott K, Taggart D, West E, Wilson E, Nuovo G, Thomson S, Stead L, Short S, Melcher A. P07.05 Intravenous delivery of oncolytic reovirus to brain tumours in patients to immunologically prime for sequential checkpoint blockade. Neuro Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox036.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Kordbacheh T, Chan C, Bossons A, Franks K, McDonald F, Forster M, Mendes R, Quezada S, Dovedi S, Ralph C, Popat S, Harrington K, Melcher A, Popple A, Illidge T, Faivre-Finn C. 164: PARIS: A phase I study of pembrolizumab anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody in combination with radiotherapy (RT) in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kordbacheh T, Chan C, Faivre-Finn C, Franks K, McDonald F, Forster M, Mendes R, Quezada S, Dovedi S, Ralph C, Popat S, Harrington K, Melcher A, Popple A, Illidge T. 168: PD-RAD: A translational study investigating PD-L1 expression after radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(17)30218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Ilett E, Kottke T, Thompson J, Rajani K, Zaidi S, Evgin L, Coffey M, Ralph C, Diaz R, Pandha H, Harrington K, Selby P, Bram R, Melcher A, Vile R. Prime-boost using separate oncolytic viruses in combination with checkpoint blockade improves anti-tumour therapy. Gene Ther 2017; 24:21-30. [PMID: 27779616 PMCID: PMC5387692 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The anti-tumour effects associated with oncolytic virus therapy are mediated significantly through immune-mediated mechanisms, which depend both on the type of virus and the route of delivery. Here, we show that intra-tumoral oncolysis by Reovirus induced the priming of a CD8+, Th1-type anti-tumour response. By contrast, systemically delivered Vesicular Stomatitis Virus expressing a cDNA library of melanoma antigens (VSV-ASMEL) promoted a potent anti-tumour CD4+ Th17 response. Therefore, we hypothesised that combining the Reovirus-induced CD8+ T cell response, with the VSV-ASMEL CD4+ Th17 helper response, would produce enhanced anti-tumour activity. Consistent with this, priming with intra-tumoral Reovirus, followed by an intra-venous VSV-ASMEL Th17 boost, significantly improved survival of mice bearing established subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumours. We also show that combination of either therapy alone with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade augmented both the Th1 response induced by systemically delivered Reovirus in combination with GM-CSF, and also the Th17 response induced by VSV-ASMEL. Significantly, anti-PD-1 also uncovered an anti-tumour Th1 response following VSV-ASMEL treatment that was not seen in the absence of checkpoint blockade. Finally, the combination of all three treatments (priming with systemically delivered Reovirus, followed by double boosting with systemic VSV-ASMEL and anti-PD-1) significantly enhanced survival, with long-term cures, compared to any individual, or double, combination therapies, associated with strong Th1 and Th17 responses to tumour antigens. Our data show that it is possible to generate fully systemic, highly effective anti-tumour immunovirotherapy by combining oncolytic viruses, along with immune checkpoint blockade, to induce complementary mechanisms of anti-tumour immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ilett
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - T Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Rajani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - S Zaidi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - L Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - C Ralph
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - H Pandha
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - P Selby
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - R Bram
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A Melcher
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - R Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Pandha H, Harrington K, Ralph C, Melcher A, Schmidt E, Kaufman D, Grose M, Karpathy R, Shafren D. Intravenous coxsackievirus A21 in combination with pembrolizumab in advanced cancer patients: phase Ib KEYNOTE 200 study. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw378.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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19
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Pandha H, Annels N, Arif M, Mostafid H, Sandhu S, Harrington K, Melcher A, Mansfield D, Au G, Grose M, Karpathy R, Shafren D. Phase I/II CANON study: oncolytic immunotherapy for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder (NMIBC) cancer using intravesical coxsackievirus A21. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw378.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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20
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Melcher A, Dossi F, Graf W, Pletterbauer F, Schaufler K, Kalny G, Rauch HP, Formayer H, Trimmel H, Weihs P. Der Einfluss der Ufervegetation auf die Wassertemperatur unter gewässertypspezifischer Berücksichtigung von Fischen und benthischen Evertebraten am Beispiel von Lafnitz und Pinka. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00506-016-0321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Cockle JV, Picton S, Levesley J, Ilett E, Carcaboso AM, Short S, Steel LP, Melcher A, Lawler SE, Brüning-Richardson A. Cell migration in paediatric glioma; characterisation and potential therapeutic targeting. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:693-703. [PMID: 25628092 PMCID: PMC4333505 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paediatric high grade glioma (pHGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) are highly aggressive brain tumours. Their invasive phenotype contributes to their limited therapeutic response, and novel treatments that block brain tumour invasion are needed. METHODS Here, we examine the migratory characteristics and treatment effect of small molecule glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors, lithium chloride (LiCl) and the indirubin derivative 6-bromoindirubin-oxime (BIO), previously shown to inhibit the migration of adult glioma cells, on two pHGG cell lines (SF188 and KNS42) and one patient-derived DIPG line (HSJD-DIPG-007) using 2D (transwell membrane, immunofluorescence, live cell imaging) and 3D (migration on nanofibre plates and spheroid invasion in collagen) assays. RESULTS All lines were migratory, but there were differences in morphology and migration rates. Both LiCl and BIO reduced migration and instigated cytoskeletal rearrangement of stress fibres and focal adhesions when viewed by immunofluorescence. In the presence of drugs, loss of polarity and differences in cellular movement were observed by live cell imaging. CONCLUSIONS Ours is the first study to demonstrate that it is possible to pharmacologically target migration of paediatric glioma in vitro using LiCl and BIO, and we conclude that these agents and their derivatives warrant further preclinical investigation as potential anti-migratory therapeutics for these devastating tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Cockle
- 1] Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK [2] Yorkshire Regional Centre for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - S Picton
- Yorkshire Regional Centre for Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - J Levesley
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - E Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A M Carcaboso
- Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program, Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Preclinical Therapeutics and Drug Delivery Research Program Santa Rosa, 39-57, 4th floor 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Short
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - L P Steel
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A Melcher
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - S E Lawler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, HIM 930A, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - A Brüning-Richardson
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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22
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Classen CF, William D, Linnebacher M, Farhod A, Kedr W, Elsabe B, Fadel S, Van Gool S, De Vleeschouwer S, Koks C, Garg A, Ehrhardt M, Riva M, De Vleeschouwer S, Agostinis P, Graf N, Van Gool S, Yao TW, Yoshida Y, Zhang J, Ozawa T, James D, Nicolaides T, Kebudi R, Cakir FB, Gorgun O, Agaoglu FY, Darendeliler E, Van Gool S, De Vleeschouwer S, Al-Kofide A, Al-Shail E, Khafaga Y, Al-Hindi H, Dababo M, Haq AU, Anas M, Barria MG, Siddiqui K, Hassounah M, Ayas M, van Zanten SV, Jansen M, van Vuurden D, Huisman M, Vugts D, Hoekstra O, van Dongen G, Kaspers G, Cockle J, Ilett E, Scott K, Bruning-Richardson A, Picton S, Short S, Melcher A, Benesch M, Warmuth-Metz M, von Bueren AO, Hoffmann M, Pietsch T, Kortmann RD, Eyrich M, Graf N, Rutkowski S, Fruhwald MC, Faber J, Kramm C, Porkholm M, Valanne L, Lonnqvist T, Holm S, Lannering B, Riikonen P, Wojcik D, Sehested A, Clausen N, Harila-Saari A, Schomerus E, Thorarinsdottir HK, Lahteenmaki P, Arola M, Thomassen H, Saarinen-Pihkala UM, Kivivuori SM, Buczkowicz P, Hoeman C, Rakopoulos P, Pajovic S, Morrison A, Bouffet E, Bartels U, Becher O, Hawkins C, Gould TWA, Rahman CV, Smith SJ, Barrett DA, Shakesheff KM, Grundy RG, Rahman R, Barua N, Cronin D, Gill S, Lowisl S, Hochart A, Maurage CA, Rocourt N, Vinchon M, Kerdraon O, Escande F, Grill J, Pick VK, Leblond P, Burzynski G, Janicki T, Burzynski S, Marszalek A, Ramani N, Zaky W, Kannan G, Morani A, Sandberg D, Ketonen L, Maher O, Corrales-Medina F, Meador H, Khatua S, Brassesco M, Delsin L, Roberto G, Silva C, Ana L, Rego E, Scrideli C, Umezawa K, Tone L, Kim SJ, Kim CY, Kim IA, Han JH, Choi BS, Ahn HS, Choi HS, Haque F, Rahman R, Layfield R, Grundy R, Gandola L, Pecori E, Biassoni V, Schiavello E, Chiruzzi C, Spreafico F, Modena P, Bach F, Pignoli E, Massimino M, Drogosiewicz M, Dembowska-Baginska B, Jurkiewicz E, Filipek I, Perek-Polnik M, Swieszkowska E, Perek D, Bender S, Jones DT, Warnatz HJ, Hutter B, Zichner T, Gronych J, Korshunov A, Eils R, Korbel JO, Yaspo ML, Lichter P, Pfister SM, Yadavilli S, Becher OJ, Kambhampati M, Packer RJ, Nazarian J, Lechon FC, Fowkes L, Khabra K, Martin-Retortillo LM, Marshall LV, Vaidya S, Koh DM, Leach MO, Pearson AD, Zacharoulis S, Lechon FC, Fowkes L, Khabra K, Martin-Retortillo LM, Marshall LV, Schrey D, Barone G, Vaidya S, Koh DM, Pearson AD, Zacharoulis S, Panditharatna E, Stampar M, Siu A, Gordish-Dressman H, Devaney J, Kambhampati M, Hwang EI, Packer RJ, Nazarian J, Chung AH, Mittapalli RK, Elmquist WF, Becher OJ, Castel D, Debily MA, Philippe C, Truffaux N, Taylor K, Calmon R, Boddaert N, Le Dret L, Saulnier P, Lacroix L, Mackay A, Jones C, Puget S, Sainte-Rose C, Blauwblomme T, Varlet P, Grill J, Entz-Werle N, Maugard C, Bougeard G, Nguyen A, Chenard MP, Schneider A, Gaub MP, Tsoli M, Vanniasinghe A, Luk P, Dilda P, Haber M, Hogg P, Ziegler D, Simon S, Tsoli M, Vanniasinghe A, Monje M, Gurova K, Gudkov A, Haber M, Ziegler D, Zapotocky M, Churackova M, Malinova B, Zamecnik J, Kyncl M, Tichy M, Puchmajerova A, Stary J, Sumerauer D, Boult J, Vinci M, Taylor K, Perryman L, Box G, Jury A, Popov S, Ingram W, Monje M, Eccles S, Jones C, Robinson S, Emir S, Demir HA, Bayram C, Cetindag F, Kabacam GB, Fettah A, Boult J, Li J, Vinci M, Jury A, Popov S, Jamin Y, Cummings C, Eccles S, Bamber J, Sinkus R, Jones C, Robinson S, Nandhabalan M, Bjerke L, Vinci M, Burford A, Ingram W, Mackay A, von Bueren A, Baudis M, Clarke P, Collins I, Workman P, Jones C, Taylor K, Mackay A, Vinci M, Popov S, Ingram W, Entz-Werle N, Monje M, Olaciregui N, Mora J, Carcaboso A, Bullock A, Jones C, Vinci M, Mackay A, Burford A, Taylor K, Popov S, Ingram W, Monje M, Alonso M, Olaciregui N, de Torres C, Cruz O, Mora J, Carcaboso A, Jones C, Filipek I, Drogosiewicz M, Perek-Polnik M, Swieszkowska E, Dembowska-Baginska B, Jurkiewicz E, Perek D, Nguyen A, Pencreach E, Mackay A, Moussalieh FM, Guenot D, Namer I, Chenard MP, Jones C, Entz-Werle N, Pollack I, Jakacki R, Butterfield L, Hamilton R, Panigrahy A, Potter D, Connelly A, Dibridge S, Whiteside T, Okada H, Ahsan S, Raabe E, Haffner M, Warren K, Quezado M, Ballester L, Nazarian J, Eberhart C, Rodriguez F, Ramachandran C, Nair S, Quirrin KW, Khatib Z, Escalon E, Melnick S, Classen CF, Hofmann M, Schmid I, Simon T, Maass E, Russo A, Fleischhack G, Becker M, Hauch H, Sander A, Kramm C, Grasso C, Truffaux N, Berlow N, Liu L, Debily MA, Davis L, Huang E, Woo P, Tang Y, Ponnuswami A, Chen S, Huang Y, Hutt-Cabezas M, Warren K, Dret L, Meltzer P, Mao H, Quezado M, van Vuurden D, Abraham J, Fouladi M, Svalina MN, Wang N, Hawkins C, Raabe E, Hulleman E, Li XN, Keller C, Spellman PT, Pal R, Grill J, Monje M, Jansen MHA, Sewing ACP, Lagerweij T, Vuchts DJ, van Vuurden DG, Caretti V, Wesseling P, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E, Cohen K, Raabe E, Pearl M, Kogiso M, Zhang L, Qi L, Lindsay H, Lin F, Berg S, Li XN, Muscal J, Amayiri N, Tabori U, Campbel B, Bakry D, Aronson M, Durno C, Gallinger S, Malkin D, Qaddumi I, Musharbash A, Swaidan M, Bouffet E, Hawkins C, Al-Hussaini M, Rakopoulos P, Shandilya S, McCully C, Murphy R, Akshintala S, Cole D, Macallister RP, Cruz R, Widemann B, Warren K, Salloum R, Smith A, Glaunert M, Ramkissoon A, Peterson S, Baker S, Chow L, Sandgren J, Pfeifer S, Popova S, Alafuzoff I, de Stahl TD, Pietschmann S, Kerber MJ, Zwiener I, Henke G, Kortmann RD, Muller K, von Bueren A, Sieow NYF, Hoe RHM, Tan AM, Chan MY, Soh SY, Hawkins C, Burrell K, Chornenkyy Y, Remke M, Golbourn B, Buczkowicz P, Barzczyk M, Taylor M, Rutka J, Dirks P, Zadeh G, Agnihotri S, Hashizume R, Ihara Y, Andor N, Chen X, Lerner R, Huang X, Tom M, Solomon D, Mueller S, Petritsch C, Zhang Z, Gupta N, Waldman T, James D, Dujua A, Co J, Hernandez F, Doromal D, Hegde M, Wakefield A, Brawley V, Grada Z, Byrd T, Chow K, Krebs S, Heslop H, Gottschalk S, Yvon E, Ahmed N, Truffaux N, Philippe C, Cornilleau G, Paulsson J, Andreiuolo F, Guerrini-Rousseau L, Puget S, Geoerger B, Vassal G, Ostman A, Grill J, Parsons DW, Lin F, Trevino LR, Gao F, Shen X, Hampton O, Lindsay H, Kosigo M, Qi L, Baxter PA, Su JM, Chintagumpala M, Dauser R, Adesina A, Plon SE, Li XN, Wheeler DA, Lau CC, Pietsch T, Gielen G, Muehlen AZ, Kwiecien R, Wolff J, Kramm C, Lulla RR, Laskowski J, Goldman S, Gopalakrishnan V, Fangusaro J, Mackay A, Taylor K, Vinci M, Jones C, Kieran M, Fontebasso A, Papillon-Cavanagh S, Schwartzentruber J, Nikbakht H, Gerges N, Fiset PO, Bechet D, Faury D, De Jay N, Ramkissoon L, Corcoran A, Jones D, Sturm D, Johann P, Tomita T, Goldman S, Nagib M, Bendel A, Goumnerova L, Bowers DC, Leonard JR, Rubin JB, Alden T, DiPatri A, Browd S, Leary S, Jallo G, Cohen K, Prados MD, Banerjee A, Carret AS, Ellezam B, Crevier L, Klekner A, Bognar L, Hauser P, Garami M, Myseros J, Dong Z, Siegel PM, Gump W, Ayyanar K, Ragheb J, Khatib Z, Krieger M, Kiehna E, Robison N, Harter D, Gardner S, Handler M, Foreman N, Brahma B, MacDonald T, Malkin H, Chi S, Manley P, Bandopadhayay P, Greenspan L, Ligon A, Albrecht S, Pfister SM, Ligon KL, Majewski J, Gupta N, Jabado N, Hoeman C, Cordero F, Halvorson K, Hawkins C, Becher O, Taylor I, Hutt M, Weingart M, Price A, Nazarian J, Eberhart C, Raabe E, Kantar M, Onen S, Kamer S, Turhan T, Kitis O, Ertan Y, Cetingul N, Anacak Y, Akalin T, Ersahin Y, Mason G, Nazarian J, Ho C, Devaney J, Stampar M, Kambhampati M, Crozier F, Vezina G, Packer R, Hwang E, Gilheeney S, Millard N, DeBraganca K, Khakoo Y, Kramer K, Wolden S, Donzelli M, Fischer C, Petriccione M, Dunkel I, Afzal S, Carret AS, Fleming A, Larouche V, Zelcer S, Johnston DL, Kostova M, Mpofu C, Decarie JC, Strother D, Lafay-Cousin L, Eisenstat D, Fryer C, Hukin J, Bartels U, Bouffet E, Hsu M, Lasky J, Moore T, Liau L, Davidson T, Prins R, Fouladi M, Bartels U, Warren K, Hassal T, Baugh J, Kirkendall J, Doughman R, Leach J, Jones B, Miles L, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Hargrave D, Grill J, Jones C, Jacques T, Savage S, Goldman S, Leary S, Packer R, Saunders D, Wesseling P, Varlet P, van Vuurden D, Wallace R, Flutter B, Morgenestern D, Hargrave D, Blanco E, Howe K, Lowdell M, Samuel E, Michalski A, Anderson J, Arakawa Y, Umeda K, Watanabe KI, Mizowaki T, Hiraoka M, Hiramatsu H, Adachi S, Kunieda T, Takagi Y, Miyamoto S, Venneti S, Santi M, Felicella MM, Sullivan LM, Dolgalev I, Martinez D, Perry A, Lewis PW, Allis DC, Thompson CB, Judkins AR. HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS AND DIPG. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abdovic E, Abdovic S, Hristova K, Hristova K, Katova T, Katova T, Gocheva N, Gocheva N, Pavlova M, Pavlova M, Gurzun MM, Ionescu A, Canpolat U, Yorgun H, Sunman H, Sahiner L, Kaya E, Ozer N, Tokgozoglu L, Kabakci G, Aytemir K, Oto A, Gonella A, D'ascenzo F, Casasso F, Conte E, Margaria F, Grosso Marra W, Frea S, Morello M, Bobbio M, Gaita F, Seo H, Lee S, Lee J, Yoon Y, Park E, Kim H, Park S, Lee H, Kim Y, Sohn D, Nemes A, Domsik P, Kalapos A, Orosz A, Lengyel C, Forster T, Enache R, Muraru D, Popescu B, Calin A, Nastase O, Botezatu D, Purcarea F, Rosca M, Beladan C, Ginghina C, Canpolat U, Aytemir K, Ozer N, Yorgun H, Sahiner L, Kaya E, Oto A, Muraru D, Piasentini E, Mihaila S, Padayattil Jose' S, Peluso D, Ucci L, Naso P, Puma L, Iliceto S, Badano L, Cikes M, Jakus N, Sutherland G, Haemers P, D'hooge J, Claus P, Yurdakul S, Oner F, Direskeneli H, Sahin T, Cengiz B, Ercan G, Bozkurt A, Aytekin S, Osa Saez AM, Rodriguez-Serrano M, Lopez-Vilella R, Buendia-Fuentes F, Domingo-Valero D, Quesada-Carmona A, Miro-Palau V, Arnau-Vives M, Palencia-Perez M, Rueda-Soriano J, Lipczynska M, Piotr Szymanski P, Anna Klisiewicz A, Lukasz Mazurkiewicz L, Piotr Hoffman P, Kim K, Cho S, Ahn Y, Jeong M, Cho J, Park J, Chinali M, Franceschini A, Matteucci M, Doyon A, Esposito C, Del Pasqua A, Rinelli G, Schaefer F, Kowalik E, Klisiewicz A, Rybicka J, Szymanski P, Biernacka E, Hoffman P, Lee S, Kim W, Yun H, Jung L, Kim E, Ko J, Ruddox V, Norum I, Edvardsen T, Baekkevar M, Otterstad J, Erdei T, Edwards J, Braim D, Yousef Z, Fraser A, Melcher A, Reiner B, Hansen A, Strandberg L, Caidahl K, Wellnhofer E, Kriatselis C, Gerd-Li H, Furundzija V, Thnabalasingam U, Fleck E, Graefe M, Park Y, Moon J, Ahn T, Baydar O, Kadriye Kilickesmez K, Ugur Coskun U, Polat Canbolat P, Veysel Oktay V, Umit Yasar Sinan U, Okay Abaci O, Cuneyt Kocas C, Sinan Uner S, Serdar Kucukoglu S, Ferferieva V, Claus P, Rademakers F, D'hooge J, Le TT, Wong P, Tee N, Huang F, Tan R, Altman M, Logeart D, Bergerot C, Gellen B, Pare C, Gerard S, Sirol M, Vicaut E, Mercadier J, Derumeaux GA, Park TH, Park JI, Shin SW, Yun SH, Lee JE, Makavos G, Kouris N, Keramida K, Dagre A, Ntarladimas I, Kostopoulos V, Damaskos D, Olympios C, Leong D, Piers S, Hoogslag G, Hoke U, Thijssen J, Ajmone Marsan N, Schalij M, Bax J, Zeppenfeld K, Delgado V, Rio P, Branco L, Galrinho A, Cacela D, Abreu J, Timoteo A, Teixeira P, Pereira-Da-Silva T, Selas M, Cruz Ferreira R, Popa BA, Zamfir L, Novelli E, Lanzillo G, Karazanishvili L, Musica G, Stelian E, Benea D, Diena M, Cerin G, Fusini L, Mirea O, Tamborini G, Muratori M, Gripari P, Ghulam Ali S, Cefalu' C, Maffessanti F, Andreini D, Pepi M, Mamdoo F, Goncalves A, Peters F, Matioda H, Govender S, Dos Santos C, Essop M, Kuznetsov VA, Yaroslavskaya EI, Pushkarev GS, Krinochkin DV, Kolunin GV, Bennadji A, Hascoet S, Dulac Y, Hadeed K, Peyre M, Ricco L, Clement L, Acar P, Ding W, Zhao Y, Lindqvist P, Nilson J, Winter R, Holmgren A, Ruck A, Henein M, Illatopa V, Cordova F, Espinoza D, Ortega J, Cavalcante J, Patel M, Katz W, Schindler J, Crock F, Khanna M, Khandhar S, Tsuruta H, Kohsaka S, Murata M, Yasuda R, Tokuda H, Kawamura A, Maekawa Y, Hayashida K, Fukuda K, Le Tourneau T, Kyndt F, Lecointe S, Duval D, Rimbert A, Merot J, Trochu J, Probst V, Le Marec H, Schott J, Veronesi F, Addetia K, Corsi C, Lamberti C, Lang R, Mor-Avi V, Gjerdalen GF, Hisdal J, Solberg E, Andersen T, Radunovic Z, Steine K, Maffessanti F, Gripari P, Tamborini G, Muratori M, Fusini L, Ferrari C, Caiani E, Alamanni F, Bartorelli A, Pepi M, D'ascenzi F, Cameli M, Iadanza A, Lisi M, Reccia R, Curci V, Sinicropi G, Henein M, Pierli C, Mondillo S, Rekhraj S, Hoole S, Mcnab D, Densem C, Boyd J, Parker K, Shapiro L, Rana B, Kotrc M, Vandendriessche T, Bartunek J, Claeys M, Vanderheyden M, Paelinck B, De Bock D, De Maeyer C, Vrints C, Penicka M, Silveira C, Albuquerque E, Lamprea D, Larangeiras V, Moreira C, Victor Filho M, Alencar B, Silveira A, Castillo J, Zambon E, Iorio A, Carriere C, Pantano A, Barbati G, Bobbo M, Abate E, Pinamonti B, Di Lenarda A, Sinagra G, Salemi VMC, Tavares L, Ferreira Filho J, Oliveira A, Pessoa F, Ramires F, Fernandes F, Mady C, Cavarretta E, Lotrionte M, Abbate A, Mezzaroma E, De Marco E, Peruzzi M, Loperfido F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Frati G, Palazzoni G, Park TH, Lee JE, Lee DH, Park JS, Park K, Kim MH, Kim YD, Van 'T Sant J, Gathier W, Leenders G, Meine M, Doevendans P, Cramer M, Poyhonen P, Kivisto S, Holmstrom M, Hanninen H, Schnell F, Betancur J, Daudin M, Simon A, Carre F, Tavard F, Hernandez A, Garreau M, Donal E, Calore C, Muraru D, Badano L, Melacini P, Mihaila S, Denas G, Naso P, Casablanca S, Santi F, Iliceto S, Aggeli C, Venieri E, Felekos I, Anastasakis A, Ritsatos K, Kakiouzi V, Kastellanos S, Cutajar I, Stefanadis C, Palecek T, Honzikova J, Poupetova H, Vlaskova H, Kuchynka P, Linhart A, Elmasry O, Mohamed M, Elguindy W, Bishara P, Garcia-Gonzalez P, Cozar-Santiago P, Bochard-Villanueva B, Fabregat-Andres O, Cubillos-Arango A, Valle-Munoz A, Ferrer-Rebolleda J, Paya-Serrano R, Estornell-Erill J, Ridocci-Soriano F, Jensen M, Havndrup O, Christiansen M, Andersen P, Axelsson A, Kober L, Bundgaard H, Karapinar H, Kaya A, Uysal E, Guven A, Kucukdurmaz Z, Oflaz M, Deveci K, Sancakdar E, Gul I, Yilmaz A, Tigen MK, Karaahmet T, Dundar C, Yalcinsoy M, Tasar O, Bulut M, Takir M, Akkaya E, Jedrzejewska I, Braksator W, Krol W, Swiatowiec A, Dluzniewski M, Lipari P, Bonapace S, Zenari L, Valbusa F, Rossi A, Lanzoni L, Molon G, Canali G, Campopiano E, Barbieri E, Rueda Calle E, Alfaro Rubio F, Gomez Gonzalez J, Gonzalez Santos P, Cameli M, Lisi M, Focardi M, D'ascenzi F, Solari M, Galderisi M, Mondillo S, Pratali L, Bruno RM, Corciu A, Comassi M, Passera M, Gastaldelli A, Mrakic-Sposta S, Vezzoli A, Picano E, Perry R, Penhall A, De Pasquale C, Selvanayagam J, Joseph M, Simova II, Katova TM, Kostova V, Hristova K, Lalov I, D'ascenzi F, Pelliccia A, Natali B, Cameli M, Alvino F, Zorzi A, Corrado D, Bonifazi M, Mondillo S, Rees E, Rakebrandt F, Rees D, Halcox J, Fraser A, O'driscoll J, Lau N, Perez-Lopez M, Sharma R, Lichodziejewska B, Goliszek S, Kurnicka K, Kostrubiec M, Dzikowska Diduch O, Krupa M, Grudzka K, Ciurzynski M, Palczewski P, Pruszczyk P, Gheorghe L, Castillo Ortiz J, Del Pozo Contreras R, Calle Perez G, Sancho Jaldon M, Cabeza Lainez P, Vazquez Garcia R, Fernandez Garcia P, Chueca Gonzalez E, Arana Granados R, Zhao X, Xu X, Bai Y, Qin Y, Leren I, Hasselberg N, Saberniak J, Leren T, Edvardsen T, Haugaa K, Daraban AM, Sutherland G, Claus P, Werner B, Gewillig M, Voigt J, Santoro A, Ierano P, De Stefano F, Esposito R, De Palma D, Ippolito R, Tufano A, Galderisi M, Costa R, Fischer C, Rodrigues A, Monaco C, Lira Filho E, Vieira M, Cordovil A, Oliveira E, Mohry S, Gaudron P, Niemann M, Herrmann S, Strotmann J, Beer M, Hu K, Bijnens B, Ertl G, Weidemann F, Baktir A, Sarli B, Cicek M, Karakas M, Saglam H, Arinc H, Akil M, Kaya H, Ertas F, Bilik M, Yildiz A, Oylumlu M, Acet H, Aydin M, Yuksel M, Alan S, O'driscoll J, Gravina A, Di Fino S, Thompson M, Karthigelasingham A, Ray K, Sharma R, De Chiara B, Russo C, Alloni M, Belli O, Spano' F, Botta L, Palmieri B, Martinelli L, Giannattasio C, Moreo A, Mateescu A, La Carrubba S, Vriz O, Di Bello V, Carerj S, Zito C, Ginghina C, Popescu B, Nicolosi G, Antonini-Canterin F, Malev E, Omelchenko M, Vasina L, Luneva E, Zemtsovsky E, Cikes M, Velagic V, Gasparovic H, Kopjar T, Colak Z, Hlupic L, Biocina B, Milicic D, Tomaszewski A, Kutarski A, Poterala M, Tomaszewski M, Brzozowski W, Kijima Y, Akagi T, Nakagawa K, Ikeda M, Watanabe N, Ueoka A, Takaya Y, Oe H, Toh N, Ito H, Bochard Villanueva B, Paya-Serrano R, Fabregat-Andres O, Garcia-Gonzalez P, Perez-Bosca J, Cubillos-Arango A, Chacon-Hernandez N, Higueras-Ortega L, De La Espriella-Juan R, Ridocci-Soriano F, Noack T, Mukherjee C, Ionasec R, Voigt I, Kiefer P, Hoebartner M, Misfeld M, Mohr FW, Seeburger J, Daraban AM, Baltussen L, Amzulescu M, Bogaert J, Jassens S, Voigt J, Duchateau N, Giraldeau G, Gabrielli L, Penela D, Evertz R, Mont L, Brugada J, Berruezo A, Bijnens B, Sitges M, Yoshikawa H, Suzuki M, Hashimoto G, Kusunose Y, Otsuka T, Nakamura M, Sugi K, Ruiz Ortiz M, Mesa D, Romo E, Delgado M, Seoane T, Martin M, Carrasco F, Lopez Granados A, Arizon J, Suarez De Lezo J, Magalhaes A, Cortez-Dias N, Silva D, Menezes M, Saraiva M, Santos L, Costa A, Costa L, Nunes Diogo A, Fiuza M, Ren B, De Groot-De Laat L, Mcghie J, Vletter W, Geleijnse M, Toda H, Oe H, Osawa K, Miyoshi T, Ugawa S, Toh N, Nakamura K, Kohno K, Morita H, Ito H, El Ghannudi S, Germain P, Samet H, Jeung M, Roy C, Gangi A, Orii M, Hirata K, Yamano T, Tanimoto T, Ino Y, Yamaguchi T, Kubo T, Imanishi T, Akasaka T, Sunbul M, Kivrak T, Oguz M, Ozguven S, Gungor S, Dede F, Turoglu H, Yildizeli B, Mutlu B, Mihaila S, Muraru D, Piasentini E, Peluso D, Cucchini U, Casablanca S, Naso P, Iliceto S, Vinereanu D, Badano L, Rodriguez Munoz D, Moya Mur J, Becker Filho D, Gonzalez A, Casas Rojo E, Garcia Martin A, Recio Vazquez M, Rincon L, Fernandez Golfin C, Zamorano Gomez J, Ledakowicz-Polak A, Polak L, Zielinska M, Kamiyama T, Nakade T, Nakamura Y, Ando T, Kirimura M, Inoue Y, Sasaki O, Nishioka T, Farouk H, Sakr B, Elchilali K, Said K, Sorour K, Salah H, Mahmoud G, Casanova Rodriguez C, Cano Carrizal R, Iglesias Del Valle D, Martin Penato Molina A, Garcia Garcia A, Prieto Moriche E, Alvarez Rubio J, De Juan Bagua J, Tejero Romero C, Plaza Perez I, Korlou P, Stefanidis A, Mpikakis N, Ikonomidis I, Anastasiadis S, Komninos K, Nikoloudi P, Margos P, Pentzeridis P. Poster session Thursday 12 December - AM: 12/12/2013, 08:30-12:30 * Location: Poster area. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jet203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Caretti V, Noll A, Woo P, Monje M, Cockle J, Bruning-Richardson A, Picton S, Levesley J, Ilett E, Short S, Melcher A, Lawler S, Garzia L, Dubuc A, Pitcher G, Northcott P, Mariampillai A, Mack S, Zayne K, Chan T, Skowron P, Wu X, Lionel A, Morrisy S, Hawkins C, Kongkham P, Rutka J, Huang A, Kenney A, Yang V, Salter M, Taylor M, Garzia L, Morrisy S, Skowron P, Jelveh S, Lindsay P, Largaespada D, Collier L, Dupuy A, Hill R, Taylor M, Hsieh TH, Wang HW, Cheng WC, Wong TT, Huang X, He Y, Dubuc A, Hashizume R, Zhang W, Stehbens S, Younger S, Barshow S, Zhu S, Wu X, Taylor M, Mueller S, Weiss W, James D, Shuman M, Jan YN, Jan L, Marigil M, Jauregi P, Idoate MA, Xipell E, Aldave G, Gonzalez-Huarriz M, Tejada-Solis S, Diez-Valle R, Montero-Carcaboso A, Mora J, Alonso MM, Taylor K, Mackay A, Truffaux N, Morozova O, Butterfield Y, Phillipe C, Vinci M, de Torres C, Cruz O, Mora J, Hargrave D, Monje M, Puget S, Yip S, Jones C, Grill J, Kaul A, Chen YH, Dahiya S, Emnett R, Gianino S, Gutmann D, Miwa T, Oi S, Nonaka Y, Sasaki H, Yoshida K, Lopez E, de Leon AP, Sepulveda C, Zarate L, Diego-Perez J, Pong W, Ding L, McLellan M, Hussain I, Emnett R, Gianino S, Higer S, Leonard J, Guha A, Mardis E, Gutmann D, Sarkar C, Pathak P, Jha P, Purkait S, Sharma V, Sharma MC, Suri V, Faruq M, Mukherjee M, Sivasankaran B, Velayutham RP, Fraschilla IR, Morris KJ, MacDonald TJ, Read TA, Sturm D, Northcott P, Jones D, Korshunov A, Picard D, Lichter P, Huang A, Pfister S, Kool M, Yao TW, Zhang J, Anna B, Brummer T, Gupta N, Nicolaides T, Chan KM, Fang D, Gan H, Hashizume R, Yu C, Schroeder M, Gupta N, Mueller S, James D, Jenkins R, Sarkaria J, Zhang Z. PEDIATRICS LABORATORY RESEARCH. Neuro Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pencavel T, Seth R, Hayes A, Melcher A, Pandha H, Vile R, Harrington KJ. Locoregional intravascular viral therapy of cancer: precision guidance for Paris's arrow? Gene Ther 2010; 17:949-60. [PMID: 20445580 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viral therapy of cancer includes strategies such as viral transduction of tumour cells with 'suicide genes', using viral infection to trigger immune-mediated tumour cell death and using oncolytic viruses for their direct anti-tumour action. However, problems still remain in terms of adequate viral delivery to tumours. A role is also emerging for single-organ isolation and perfusion. Having begun with the advent of isolated limb perfusion for extremity malignancy, experimental systems have been developed for the perfusion of other organs, particularly the liver, kidneys and lungs. These are beginning to be adopted into clinical treatment pathways. The combination of these two modalities is potentially significant. Locoregional perfusion increases the exposure of tumour cells to viral agents. In addition, the avoidance of systemic elimination through the immune and reticulo-endothelial systems should provide a mechanism for increased transduction/infection of target cells. The translation of laboratory research to clinical practice would occur within the context of perfusion programmes, which are already established in the clinic. Many of these programmes include the use of vasoactive cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, which may have an effect on viral uptake. Evidence of activation of specific anti-tumour immunological responses by intratumoural and other existing methods of viral administration raises the intriguing possibility of a locoregional therapy, with the ability to affect distant sites of disease. In this review, we examined the state of the literature in this area and summarized current findings before indicating likely areas of continuing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pencavel
- Targeted Therapy Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, and Sarcoma/Melanoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Harrington KJ, Vile RG, Melcher A, Chester J, Pandha HS. Clinical trials with oncolytic reovirus: moving beyond phase I into combinations with standard therapeutics. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2010; 21:91-8. [PMID: 20223697 PMCID: PMC3915505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is time for those working on oncolytic viruses to take stock of the status of the field. We now have at our disposal an array of potential therapeutic agents, and are beginning to conduct early-phase clinical trials in patients with relapsed/metastatic cancers. By drawing on lessons learned during the development of other biological therapies, such as monoclonal antibodies and targeted small molecule inhibitors, we are now in a position to chart the course of the next wave of trials that will go beyond the phase I studies of safety and feasibility. In this article we review our approach to the development of oncolytic viruses as cancer therapeutics. In doing so, we emphasise the fact that this process is modular and involves multiple iterative steps between the laboratory and the clinic. Ultimately, at least in the medium term, the future of oncolytic virotherapy lies in combination regimens with standard anti-cancer agents such as radiation and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Harrington
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Targeted Therapy Laboratory, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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Melcher A, Fethke KD, Plath J. Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung eines Femurmodells mit implantiertem Hüftendoprothesenschaft (Spannungsoptik, DMS, FEM). BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2009. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1995.40.s1.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Freyschuss U, Melcher A. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Man: Relation to Right Ventricular Output. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/00365517609054457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Karapanagiotou E, Pandha HS, Hall G, Chester J, Melcher A, Coffey M, de Bono J, Gore ME, Nutting CM, Harrington KJ. Phase I/II trial of oncolytic reovirus (Reolysin) in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel in patients (pts) with advanced solid cancers. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e14519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14519 Background: Reolysin, a wild type reovirus (Dearing strain), replicates preferentially in Ras-activated cancer cells. Preclinical data have demonstrated synergistic tumor kill when reolysin is combined with standard chemotherapies including platinum agents and taxanes, justifying the clinical evaluation of this drug combination. Methods: Pts were initially treated in an open-label, dose-escalating, phase I trial and received iv reolysin, d1–5, iv carboplatin (AUC5), d1, and paclitaxel (175mg/m2), d1, qw3. Reolysin was administered at a starting dose of 3x109 TCID50 and then increased to 1x1010 and 3x1010 TCID50 in cohorts of 3 pts. Primary endpoints for the dose escalation trial were to determine the maximum tolerated dose, dose limiting toxicity (DLT) and to recommend a dose for phase II studies. Secondary endpoints were to evaluate pharmacokinetics, immune response and anti-tumour activity. The primary endpoint for the phase II expansion cohort in head and neck (H&N) pts is to characterize response rate. Results: 17 heavily pre-treated pts (11 M, median age 55 yrs) with advanced cancer: H&N (10), melanoma (4), peritoneal/endometrial cancer (2), and sarcoma (1) have received 82 cycles of treatment to date; 4 pts are still on study. There were no DLTs in the dose escalation. Toxicities were mainly grade 1 and 2 and included: nausea, fatigue, vomiting, myalgia, fever, neutropenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and hypotension. This combination resulted in a blunting of antiviral immune response as compared to monotherapy virus. Response rates in 15 evaluable patients were partial response (PR) (4 pts), stable disease (SD) (6 pts) and progressive disease (5 pts). Of note, all PRs and 4/5 SDs were in H&N disease. Conclusions: The combination of reolysin and carboplatin/paclitaxel was well tolerated and resulted in disease control in the majority of pts. Significant responses in refractory H&N pts recommended this combination for phase II evaluation. Enrollment is ongoing and randomized studies are planned. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Karapanagiotou
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H. S. Pandha
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - G. Hall
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J. Chester
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - A. Melcher
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M. Coffey
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J. de Bono
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M. E. Gore
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C. M. Nutting
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K. J. Harrington
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
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Saunders M, Anthoney A, Coffey M, Mettinger K, Thompson B, Melcher A, Nutting CM, Harrington K. Results of a phase II study to evaluate the biological effects of intratumoral (ITu) reolysin in combination with low dose radiotherapy (RT) in patients (Pts) with advanced cancers. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14514 Background: Reolysin, a wild type reovirus serotype 3 Dearing strain, replicates preferentially in Ras-activated cancer cells. In vitro and in vivo data have shown that combining reolysin and radiation (RT) significantly increases RT-induced cytotoxicity. A completed phase I trial of ITu reolysin and RT demonstrated that the combination was well tolerated and resulted in local and systemic responses. Methods: This open-label, single-arm, multicenter Phase 2 study combined ITu reolysin with low-dose fractionated RT. 20 Gy was given in 5 consecutive daily 4 Gy fractions combined with 2 ITu injections of reolysin (1x1010 TCID50) on days 2 & 4. The primary endpoint was objective tumor response rate in treated lesions. Secondary endpoints were to evaluate: viral replication, immune response and safety. Pts with ECOG performance status ≤2, with refractory advanced or metastatic cancers were eligible. Results: 16 heavily pre-treated pts (9 male, median age 66 yrs, ECOG 0:4pts; 1:12pts) with advanced cancer: melanoma (5), colorectal (4), gastric (1), ovarian (1), pancreas (1), lung (1), cholangiocarcinoma (1), sinus (1), and thyroid (1) were enrolled since Dec 2006. Most pts had received prior chemotherapy (13 pts) or RT (5 pts). No related serious adverse effects were observed during the study. Toxicities related to treatment were Grade 1 or 2: chills, pyrexia, headache, lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, shivering, nausea, and mild injection site pain. Of 14 pts evaluable for response, 13 pts had stable disease or better in the treated target lesion. Of these, partial responses were observed in 4 pts (lung, melanoma x 2, gastric) and minor responses were observed in 2 pts (thyroid, ovarian). Antibody responses to reolysin were delayed compared to previous results with intravenous administration. Conclusions: The combination of ITu reolysin and low dose RT was well tolerated and resulted in marked responses or stabilization in the treated target lesions for most of the pts evaluated to date. Further study in the radical setting is warranted. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Saunders
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Anthoney
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Coffey
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - K. Mettinger
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - B. Thompson
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Melcher
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - C. M. Nutting
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - K. Harrington
- Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Leeds, United Kingdom; Oncolytics Biotech Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada; The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Backman L, Freyschuss U, Hallberg D, Melcher A. Reversibility of cardiovascular changes in extreme obesity. Effects of weight reduction through jejunoileostomy. Acta Med Scand 2009; 205:367-73. [PMID: 443075 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1979.tb06066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Heinemann L, Simpson G, Harrington K, Melcher A, Coffey M, Pandha H. 308 POSTER Synergistic anti-tumour activity of oncolytic Reovirus and cisplatin in a B16.F10 mouse melanoma model. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Comins C, Heinemann L, Harrington K, Melcher A, De Bono J, Pandha H. Reovirus: viral therapy for cancer 'as nature intended'. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2008; 20:548-54. [PMID: 18583112 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2008.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/15/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are tumour selective and able to lyse cancer cells after infection. Reovirus is an example of a wild-type oncolytic virus and is currently being investigated as a potential novel therapy for cancer. This overview gives a brief description of what is known about reovirus biology and summarises the preclinical data related to its oncolytic ability. The completed and ongoing clinical trials involving reovirus, both as a single agent and in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, will be reviewed and their results discussed. Many of these clinical studies are being conducted by centres in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Comins
- Department of Oncology, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Melcher A, Abelin J, Luurila O. Efficacy and Tolerability of Nisoldipine Coat-Core vs Diltiazem Retard in Combination with a Beta-Blocker in Patients with Stable Exertional Angina Pectoris. Clin Drug Investig 2008; 15:389-96. [PMID: 18370494 DOI: 10.2165/00044011-199815050-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial with forced titration study to investigate possible equivalence of efficacy and tolerability between nisoldipine coat-core (CC) 40mg once daily, and diltiazem retard 120mg twice daily, was carried out in 176 patients with stable angina pectoris who were already receiving beta-blocker therapy. A total of 164 patients were included in the tolerability analysis and 135 patients were evaluable for efficacy (nisoldipine CC, n = 69; diltiazem retard, n = 66). During bicycle exercise tolerance tests, time to 1mm ST-segment depression, total exercise time, and time to angina were assessed at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. The number of angina attacks and of consumed nitroglycerin tablets were recorded in weekly diaries. Time to onset of 1mm ST-segment depression increased by 69.4 +/- 100.0 seconds with nisoldipine CC and by 65.9 +/- 87.6 seconds with diltiazem retard. The two treatment regimens were equally effective in time to onset of 1mm ST-segment depression, time to angina pectoris, and in exercise duration. A beneficial effect on angina attacks and nitroglycerin consumption was achieved with both treatments. Patient compliance, as assessed by the number of returned tablets, was high, at over 80%. Six patients withdrew from the treatment because of adverse events. Mild and transient adverse events were reported by 24 patients during treatment. One patient experienced a severe circulatory shock on the combination of diltiazem retard and atenolol. Peripheral oedema and headache were more common on nisoldipine CC. We concluded that the two treatments were equally efficacious and tolerated in patients with stable angina pectoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melcher
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Danderyd Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
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Matulla C, Schmutz S, Melcher A, Gerersdorfer T, Haas P. Assessing the impact of a downscaled climate change simulation on the fish fauna in an Inner-Alpine River. Int J Biometeorol 2007; 52:127-37. [PMID: 17587065 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-007-0107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the impact of a changing climate on fish fauna by comparing the past mean state of fish assemblage to a possible future mean state. It is based on (1) local scale observations along an Inner-Alpine river called Mur, (2) an IPCC emission scenario (IS92a), implemented by atmosphere-ocean global circulation model (AOGCM) ECHAM4/OPYC3, and (3) a model-chain that links climate research to hydrobiology. The Mur River is still in a near-natural condition and water temperature in summer is the most important aquatic ecological constraint for fish distribution. The methodological strategy is (1) to use downscaled air temperature and precipitation scenarios for the first half of the twenty-first century, (2) to establish a model that simulates water temperature by means of air temperature and flow rate in order to generate water temperature scenarios, and (3) to evaluate the impact on fish communities using an ecological model that is driven by water temperature. This methodology links the response of fish fauna to an IPCC emission scenario and is to our knowledge an unprecedented approach. The downscaled IS92a scenarios show increased mean air temperatures during the whole year and increased precipitation totals during summer, but reduced totals for the rest of the annual cycle. These changes result in scenarios of increased water temperatures, an altered annual cycle of flow rate, and, in turn, a 70 m displacement in elevation of fish communities towards the river's head. This would enhance stress on species that rely on low water temperatures and coerce cyprinid species into advancing against retreating salmonids. Hyporhithral river sectors would turn into epipotamal sectors. Grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and Danube salmon (Hucho hucho), presently characteristic for the Mur River, would be superceded by other species. Native brown trout (Salmo trutta), already now under pressure of competition, may be at risk of losing its habitat in favour of invaders like the exotic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which are better adapted to higher water temperatures. Projected changes in fish communities suggest an adverse influence on salmonid sport fishing and a loss in its high economic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matulla
- Climate Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada.
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Vidal-Boixader L, Karavasilis V, Beirne D, Twigger K, White C, Pandha H, Nutting C, de Bono J, Melcher A, Harrington K. Phase I trial of intratumoral administration of reovirus type 3 with radiation in patients with advanced malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.14009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
14009 Background: Reoviruses are RNA viruses that replicate preferentially in cells with aberrant Ras-pathway signaling. Preclinical data have shown that the combination of reovirus (REO) and radiation (RT) significantly increases RT-induced cytotoxicity. Methods: Patients (pts) with measurable disease amenable to treatment with localised short-course palliative RT were enrolled in cohorts of 3. In the first stage, pts received local tumour RT (20 Gy in 5 fractions) in combination with two intratumoural injections of escalating REO doses to a maximum of 1010 TCID50. If no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), pts received local tumour RT (36 Gy in 12 fractions) in combination with two, four or six doses of REO at TCID50. Endpoints were safety, viral replication, immunogenicity and antitumoral activity. Results: Eighteen pts have been treated to date with a variety of solid tumours.Two pts, one at the 1 x 109 dose and one at 1 x 1010 refused to receive the second REO injection due to grade 2 flu-like symptoms. Other toxicities have been mild (grade 1–2) and have included fever, sweating, skin erythema. There has been no evidence of exacerbation of the acute RT reaction. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) studies of blood, urine, stool and sputum on day 8 post-REO administration were negative for viral shedding for all treated pts. The induction of neutralising anti-REO antibodies was attenuated compared with previous experience in pts receiving intravenous infusions. Three pts (oesophageal ,skin squamous and colorectal carcinoma) had significant partial responses. In addition, the pt. with metastatic oesophageal cancer had a volume reduction of 15% in non-irradiated mediastinal disease for more than 6 months. Intratumoral viral replication by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry of pre- and post-treatment tumour biopsies was performed. Conclusions: The combination of intratumoral REO and radiation is well tolerated. Promising indicators of synergistic effect are observed. Recruitment is ongoing at the last cohort of the trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Vidal-Boixader
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - V. Karavasilis
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - D. Beirne
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - K. Twigger
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - C. White
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - H. Pandha
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - C. Nutting
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - J. de Bono
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - A. Melcher
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
| | - K. Harrington
- Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom; St James Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Surrey University, Guilford, United Kingdom
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Hingorani M, White C, Agrawal V, Vidal L, Melcher A, Harrington K. Combining Radiation and Cancer Gene Therapy: A Potential Marriage of Physical and Biological Targeting? Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2007; 7:389-409. [DOI: 10.2174/156800907780809787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sundkvist GMG, Hjemdahl P, Kahan T, Melcher A. Mechanisms of exercise-induced ST-segment depression in patients without typical angina pectoris. J Intern Med 2007; 261:148-58. [PMID: 17241180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01751.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate if exercise-induced ST-segment depression without typical angina pectoris is related to increases in sympatho-adrenal activity or beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity. PATIENTS Thirteen patients (four men) aged 35-62 years with ST-segment depression during exercise but atypical symptoms and normal myocardial scintigraphy, and 13 matched controls. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS Patients and controls were compared regarding responses with: (i) exercise testing without treatment, (ii) exercise testing following beta-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol (0.15 mg kg(-1) i.v.), (iii) incremental adrenaline infusions (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 nmol kg(-1) min(-1)) and (iv) adrenaline infusions during alpha-adrenoceptor blockade by phentolamine (0.5 mg min(-1)). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ST-segment depression and tissue Doppler parameters reflecting contractility. RESULTS Exercise lowered the ST-segment by 2.44 mm without and 0.87 mm with beta-adrenoceptor blockade (P < 0.001 for difference) amongst patients, but not amongst controls. Maximal heart rate was slightly higher amongst patients (P < 0.05), despite similar loads and plasma catecholamine responses to exercise in the two groups; this difference disappeared after beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol. ST-segment depression during adrenaline infusion was greater in patients compared with controls (P < 0.01) despite similar increases in heart rate. alpha-Blockade enhanced the ST-segment depression (P < 0.001) and heart rate (P < 0.001) responses to adrenaline infusion more markedly amongst patients. Tissue Doppler imaging showed similar contractility and diastolic relaxation responses of patients and controls to adrenaline, but early diastolic movements did not increase amongst patients after phentolamine (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Exercise-induced ST-segment depression in patients with a low likelihood of ischaemic heart disease is related to increased beta-adrenergic sensitivity regarding chronotropic and electrophysiological, but not inotropic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M G Sundkvist
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Harrop R, Hawkins R, Anthoney A, Steven N, Habib N, Griffiths R, Melcher A, Wassan H, Naylor S. Open label phase II studies of modified vaccinia ankara expressing the tumor antigen 5T4 given in conjunction with IFL and FOLFOX chemotherapy regimens: Final analysis of safety and immunogenicity of MVA 5T4 given before, during and after chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2527 Background: 5T4 is a tumour associated antigen that is widely expressed on the surface of most human adenocarcinomas, including colorectal, but rarely in normal cells. Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) has been employed as a vaccine vector to deliver 5T4. Previously, MVA-5T4 has been evaluated in a phase I/II clinical trial in stage IV colorectal cancer patients. MVA-5T4 was shown to be safe and well tolerated and induced 5T4 specific immune responses in most patients. Furthermore, 5T4 specific antibody titres correlated with clinical benefit. Methods: Two open label phase II clinical trials were initiated in which patients with advanced colorectal cancer received MVA-5T4 in conjunction with either 5-FU/leukovorin and irinotecan (TV2-IFL; n=19 patients) or 5-FU/leukovorin and oxaliplatin (TV2-FOLFOX; n=17 patients). MVA-5T4 was administered up to 6 times, 2 prior to, 2 during and 2 post-chemotherapy. The primary objectives were to assess the safety and immunogenicity of MVA-5T4 given in combination with chemotherapy. Results: Recruitment to both trials is complete and MVA-5T4 was well tolerated in all ITT patients, with no serious adverse events being associated with MVA-5T4. 5T4-specific cellular and humoral immune responses were monitored before, during and after chemotherapy in all 23 per protocol patients (n=12 for TV2-IFL and n=11 for TV2-FOLFOX). Following vaccination, all 23 patients mounted 5T4 cellular and/or humoral responses. Immune responses were detectable during chemotherapy in the majority of patients. IFNγ ELISPOT responses to 5T4 peptides revealed precursor frequencies as high as 1 in 1000 PBMCs. Assessment of clinical responses in all PP patients demonstrated an overall response rate of 65% across both trials. Conclusions: MVA-5T4 is safe and well tolerated when administered in conjunction with IFL and FOLFOX chemotherapy regimens. Furthermore, 5T4 specific immune responses are induced in all per protocol patients and can be boosted or maintained during chemotherapy. Encouraging clinical responses have been observed and 5T4 immune responses shown to correlate with clinical benefit. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Harrop
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Hawkins
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Anthoney
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - N. Steven
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - N. Habib
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R. Griffiths
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - A. Melcher
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - H. Wassan
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - S. Naylor
- Oxford BioMedica, Oxford, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Errington F, Jones J, Merrick A, Bateman A, Harrington K, Gough M, O'Donnell D, Selby P, Vile R, Melcher A. Fusogenic membrane glycoprotein-mediated tumour cell fusion activates human dendritic cells for enhanced IL-12 production and T-cell priming. Gene Ther 2006; 13:138-49. [PMID: 16136162 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fusogenic membrane glycoproteins (FMG) are a family of viral genes that, when expressed in tumour cells, trigger extensive cell to cell fusion and subsequent cell death. Gene therapy approaches using FMG are also potentially immunogenic, since syncitia generated ex vivo can be therapeutic as antitumour vaccines in murine models. This study has addressed the mechanisms responsible for the immunogenicity of FMG-mediated cell death, and its applicability to human immune priming. We show that fusion of human Mel888 melanoma cells following transfection with FMG can reverse the suppressive effects of Mel888 on dendritic cells (DC) phenotype, and potentiate IL-12 production by DC on activation in a cell contact-dependent manner. DC loaded with fusing, but not intact, tumour cells primed a naive, tumour-specific cytotoxic T-cell response, which was MHC class I-restricted and associated with production of high levels of IFNgamma and, later, IL-5. Fusing cells were an effective source of antigen for DC cross-priming and presentation of the melanoma-specific antigen gp100 to a specific T-cell clone. These data show, in a human system, that FMG represent an immunogenic, as well as cytotoxic, gene therapy for cancer, reversing the inhibitory effects of tumour cells on DC to potentiate IL-12 production and naive T-cell priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Errington
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Leeds
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Staerkle RF, Lenzlinger PM, Suter SL, Varga Z, Melcher GA, Melcher A. Synchronous bilateral ductal carcinoma in situ of the male breast associated with gynecomastia in a 30-year-old patient following repeated injections of stanozolol. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 97:173-6. [PMID: 16328719 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-9107-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report a rare case of synchronous bilateral and multifocal ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in a 30-year-old patient operated on for gynecomastia following repeated injections of stanozolol, a non-aromatizable androgen. The familial medical history was negative for breast cancer and work-up of serum hormone levels was normal. The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy without axilla dissection 6 weeks following the primary procedure and recovered uneventfully. The role of synthetic androgens in the development of male breast neoplasia warrants further scrutiny.
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Merrick A, Errington F, Milward K, O'Donnell D, Harrington K, Bateman A, Pandha H, Vile R, Morrison E, Selby P, Melcher A. Immunosuppressive effects of radiation on human dendritic cells: reduced IL-12 production on activation and impairment of naive T-cell priming. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:1450-8. [PMID: 15812550 PMCID: PMC2362011 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) of the immune system, uniquely able to prime naive T-cell responses. They are the focus of a range of novel strategies for the immunotherapy of cancer, a proportion of which include treating DC with ionising radiation to high dose. The effects of radiation on DC have not, however, been fully characterised. We therefore cultured human myeloid DC from CD14+ precursors, and studied the effects of ionising radiation on their phenotype and function. Dendritic cells were remarkably resistant against radiation-induced apoptosis, showed limited changes in surface phenotype, and mostly maintained their endocytic, phagocytic and migratory capacity. However, irradiated DC were less effective in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, and on maturation produced significantly less IL-12 than unirradiated controls, while IL-10 secretion was maintained. Furthermore, peptide-pulsed irradiated mature DC were less effective at naive T-cell priming, stimulating fewer effector cells with lower cytotoxicity against antigen-specific targets. Hence irradiation of DC in vitro, and potentially in vivo, has a significant impact on their function, and may shift the balance between T-cell activation and tolerization in DC-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Merrick
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - F Errington
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - K Milward
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - D O'Donnell
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - K Harrington
- Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - A Bateman
- Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - H Pandha
- Department of Oncology, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - R Vile
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - E Morrison
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - P Selby
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A Melcher
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Center, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. E-mail:
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Hatfield P, Merrick A, Harrington K, Vile R, Bateman A, Selby P, Melcher A. Radiation-induced cell death and dendritic cells: potential for cancer immunotherapy? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2005; 17:1-11. [PMID: 15714922 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2004.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are key orchestrators of the immune system. There is considerable interest in their use for treating cancer. Whether they initiate an effective cytotoxic response against antigen-bearing cells, or produce tolerance, depends on the context in which those antigens are presented. Ionising radiation, and the cell death it causes, has several properties that may facilitate such an effective response. A range of in-vitro and in-vivo data supports this, although potential problems exist that may require concurrent strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hatfield
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.
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Melcher A. Chemoradiation: from the laboratory to the clinic. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2002; 13:356-60. [PMID: 11716229 DOI: 10.1053/clon.2001.9289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Genetic prodrug activation therapy (GPAT) is a form of cancer gene therapy that has potential use against tumours such as colorectal malignancy. The characterization of such therapies using laboratory models provides a basis for clinical trials. In this study the gene encoding Herpes Simplex Virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) was delivered to colorectal tumour cells using an Adenoviral (Ad) vector in vitro. In this way the cells were made susceptible to killing with the prodrug ganciclovir to various degrees depending on cell infectability with Ad. Bystander killing effect appeared minimal both in vitro and when transduced cells were injected in vivo. Mechanisms of cell death, measured in vitro using anti-BrDU (DNA-break labelling) and propidium iodide staining variously showed a combination of apoptosis in the G1 cell cycle phase and late apoptotic or necrotic sub-G1 DNA fragmentation, depending on the tumour cell line. These findings suggest that gene therapy of colorectal cancer by GPAT gives rise to therapeutic forms of direct cell death, but requires improvements in transduction, and possibly immune augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Todryk
- Tumour Immunology Group, Institute for Immunology, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Co. Kildare, Maynooth, Ireland.
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Senior R, Andersson O, Caidahl K, Carlens P, Herregods MC, Jenni R, Kenny A, Melcher A, Svedenhag J, Vanoverschelde JL, Wandt B, Widgren BR, Williams G, Guerret P, la Rosee K, Agati L, Bezante G. Enhanced left ventricular endocardial border delineation with an intravenous injection of SonoVue, a new echocardiographic contrast agent: A European multicenter study. Echocardiography 2000; 17:705-11. [PMID: 11153016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2000.tb01223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of SonoVue (also referred to as BR1), a new contrast agent for delineating endocardial border of the left ventricle after intravenous administration, was assessed. Two hundred and eighteen patients with suspected coronary artery disease undergoing fundamental echocardiography for the assessment of left ventricle were enrolled in a prospective multicenter, single blind, cross-over study with random sequence allocation of four different doses of SonoVue. Endocardial border definition in the apical and parasternal views was scored as 0 = not visible, 1 = barely visible, and 2 = well visualized before and after contrast enhancement. Analysis was performed by two pairs of off-site observers. Safety of SonoVue was also assessed. Results of our study indicated that the mean improvements in the endocardial border visualization score were as follows: 3.1 +/- 7.8 (95% CI, 2.5 and 3.7) for 0.5 ml, 3.4 +/- 8.0 (95% CI, 2.8 and 4.0) for 1 ml, 3.4 +/- 7.9 (95% CI, 2.8 and 4.0) for 2 ml, and 3.7 +/- 8.0 (95% CI, 3.1 and 4.3) for 4 ml (P < 0.05 for all doses from baseline). Changes from baseline in endocardial visualization scores were also seen in the apical views (P < 0.05) and they were dose-dependent (P < 0.001). Similar enhancements of endocardial visualization scores were observed in the apical views in patients with suboptimal baseline echocardiographic images. Diagnostic confidence for assigning a score and image quality also were significantly better following contrast enhancement. No significant changes in the laboratory parameters and vital signs were noted following contrast enhancement, and the side effects were minimal. It was concluded that SonoVue is safe and effective in delineating endocardial border, including in patients with suboptimal baseline images.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Senior
- Northwick Park Hospital and Institute of Medical Research, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harrow, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Here we discuss how the mechanisms by which tumor cells are killed in vivo by gene transfer affects their immunogenicity. Our own work has shown that necrotic cell death induces immunological activation signals which recruit, load, activate and mature appropriate subsets of antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, for apoptotic cell death to be immunogenic, signals additional to cell death alone must be provided within the milieu of the dying tumor. Our conclusion is that the immunogenicity of tumor killing is determined by a combination of factors, including the mechanism of killing, the levels of cell death, the local environment that exists within the dying tumor and, as a result, the nature of the immune/scavenger cells which are present at the time of antigen release. Knowledge of how these factors can influence the immune system and lead to the breaking of tolerance to tumor-associated antigens, can potentially be exploited in the design of effective immunotherapies for cancer using gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melcher
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Melcher A, Todryk S, Bateman A, Chong H, Lemoine NR, Vile RG. Adoptive transfer of immature dendritic cells with autologous or allogeneic tumor cells generates systemic antitumor immunity. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2802-5. [PMID: 10383135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that are capable of priming systemic antitumor immune responses in animal tumor models. However, many of the model tumor systems tested need definition of the specific tumor antigens involved. To use DCs in situations that are more relevant to the majority of human cancers, where the antigens are unknown, we have tested the adoptive transfer of immature DCs in mouse colorectal and melanoma models of varying immunogenicity but with undefined antigens. When DCs admixed with a syngeneic primary tumor inoculum were seeded s.c., the growth of the primary tumor was unchanged; however, if the primary tumor was then surgically excised and the animal was rechallenged with the same tumor, significant protection (75%) was generated when DCs were present in the original primary inoculum of a moderately immunogenic colorectal model (CMT93tk). This effect was not observed when a nonimmunogenic melanoma (B16) was tested in an identical protocol. Next, DCs were injected directly into 6-9-mm established tumors; again, protection (55%) was achieved against a secondary tumor challenge following excision of the primary, but only in the CMT93tk model of moderate immunogenicity. To increase the clinical relevance of this approach still further, we tested irradiated allogeneic K1735 melanoma cells mixed with syngeneic DCs as a vaccine against subsequent challenge with the poorly immunogenic syngeneic melanoma B16. The allogeneic vaccine alone was ineffective, but when admixed with DCs, a significant number of animals rejected a subsequent B16 challenge, suggesting that DCs are able to prime an immune response against melanoma antigens shared between K1735 and B16. The generation of systemic antitumor immunity by adoptive transfer of DCs has significant clinical potential because it is technically straightforward and does not require the definition of specific tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melcher
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Melcher A, Murphy S, Vile R. Heat shock protein expression in target cells infected with low levels of replication-competent virus contributes to the immunogenicity of adenoviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 1999; 10:1431-42. [PMID: 10395369 DOI: 10.1089/10430349950017770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant limitation of adenoviral vectors is their associated immunogenicity. Since we, and others, have shown that the immunogenicity of cells can be increased by the induction of heat shock proteins (hsp), and because infection with several viruses induces hsp, we investigated whether the immunogenicity of adenoviral gene transfer might be mediated through induction of hsp expression. Neither plasmid DNA nor a recombinant retroviral vector induced hsp expression in transduced B16 melanoma cells. However, hsp70 was upregulated after infection with two of six adenoviral vectors; this induction of hsp70 did not correlate with the adenoviral transgene or with the viral backbone (Ad2 or Ad5). In previous assays, no replication-competent adenovirus (RCA) had been detected in any of these viruses. However, using sensitive assays for RCA, induction of hsp70 was found to correlate with the transfer of E1A and low levels of RCA. Moreover, target cells expressing hsp70 at levels similar to those induced by RCA infection protected syngeneic mice against rechallenge with parental cells, demonstrating that cells induced to express hsp70 by inadvertant transfer of RCA will become immunogenic. These results reveal a novel mechanism contributing to the immunogenicity of adenoviral vectors. If careful screening for RCA is not used when using laboratory-prepared viral stocks, the validity of the resulting experimental data might be significantly affected, especially when the immune stimulatory effects of the transgene are being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melcher
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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