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Chalifour L, Holt C, Camaclang AE, Bradford MJ, Dixon R, Finn RJR, Hemming V, Hinch SG, Levings CD, MacDuffee M, Nishimura DJH, Pearson M, Reynolds JD, Scott DC, Spremberg U, Stark S, Stevens J, Baum JK, Martin TG. Identifying a pathway towards recovery for depleted wild Pacific salmon populations in a large watershed under multiple stressors. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Chalifour
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Cassandra Holt
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Abbey E. Camaclang
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Michael J. Bradford
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada Pacific Science Enterprise Centre West Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Ross Dixon
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation Sidney British Columbia Canada
| | - Riley J. R. Finn
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Victoria Hemming
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Scott G. Hinch
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Colin D. Levings
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Science Branch Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Misty MacDuffee
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation Sidney British Columbia Canada
| | - Derek J. H. Nishimura
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada Fish and Fish Habitat Protection Program, Integrated Planning Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | - John D. Reynolds
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - David C. Scott
- Raincoast Conservation Foundation Sidney British Columbia Canada
- Pacific Salmon Ecology and Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Uwe Spremberg
- Lower Fraser Fisheries Alliance Abbotsford British Columbia Canada
| | - Steven Stark
- Tsawwassen Shuttles Incorporated Tsawwassen British Columbia Canada
| | - John Stevens
- United Fishermen and Allied Workers Union and T. Buck Suzuki Environmental Foundation Prince Rupert British Columbia Canada
| | - Julia K. Baum
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Tara G. Martin
- The Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Hemming V, Camaclang AE, Adams MS, Burgman M, Carbeck K, Carwardine J, Chadès I, Chalifour L, Converse SJ, Davidson LNK, Garrard GE, Finn R, Fleri JR, Huard J, Mayfield HJ, Madden EM, Naujokaitis‐Lewis I, Possingham HP, Rumpff L, Runge MC, Stewart D, Tulloch VJD, Walshe T, Martin TG. An introduction to decision science for conservation. Conserv Biol 2022; 36:e13868. [PMID: 34856010 PMCID: PMC9302662 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity conservation decisions are difficult, especially when they involve differing values, complex multidimensional objectives, scarce resources, urgency, and considerable uncertainty. Decision science embodies a theory about how to make difficult decisions and an extensive array of frameworks and tools that make that theory practical. We sought to improve conceptual clarity and practical application of decision science to help decision makers apply decision science to conservation problems. We addressed barriers to the uptake of decision science, including a lack of training and awareness of decision science; confusion over common terminology and which tools and frameworks to apply; and the mistaken impression that applying decision science must be time consuming, expensive, and complex. To aid in navigating the extensive and disparate decision science literature, we clarify meaning of common terms: decision science, decision theory, decision analysis, structured decision-making, and decision-support tools. Applying decision science does not have to be complex or time consuming; rather, it begins with knowing how to think through the components of a decision utilizing decision analysis (i.e., define the problem, elicit objectives, develop alternatives, estimate consequences, and perform trade-offs). This is best achieved by applying a rapid-prototyping approach. At each step, decision-support tools can provide additional insight and clarity, whereas decision-support frameworks (e.g., priority threat management and systematic conservation planning) can aid navigation of multiple steps of a decision analysis for particular contexts. We summarize key decision-support frameworks and tools and describe to which step of a decision analysis, and to which contexts, each is most useful to apply. Our introduction to decision science will aid in contextualizing current approaches and new developments, and help decision makers begin to apply decision science to conservation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hemming
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Abbey E. Camaclang
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Megan S. Adams
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Mark Burgman
- Centre for Environmental PolicyImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Katherine Carbeck
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | | | - Lia Chalifour
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sarah J. Converse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences & School of Aquatic and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Lindsay N. K. Davidson
- Biodiversity Research CenterUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Georgia E. Garrard
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Riley Finn
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jesse R. Fleri
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BotanyUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Jacqueline Huard
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Helen J. Mayfield
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Eve McDonald Madden
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Ilona Naujokaitis‐Lewis
- National Wildlife Research CentreEnvironment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation ScienceThe University of QueenslandSaint LuciaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Libby Rumpff
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michael C. Runge
- U.S. Geological Survey Eastern Ecological Science CenterPatuxent Research RefugeLaurelMarylandUSA
| | - Daniel Stewart
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Vivitskaia J. D. Tulloch
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Terry Walshe
- School of Ecosystem and Forest SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tara G. Martin
- Conservation Decisions Lab, Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Camaclang AE, Chadès I, Martin TG, Possingham HP. Predicting the optimal amount of time to spend learning before designating protected habitat for threatened species. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey E. Camaclang
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science University of Queensland St Lucia Qld Australia
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Iadine Chadès
- CSIRO Land and Water Ecosciences Precinct Dutton Park Qld Australia
| | - Tara G. Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science University of Queensland St Lucia Qld Australia
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Moore JL, Camaclang AE, Moore AL, Hauser CE, Runge MC, Picheny V, Rumpff L. A framework for allocating conservation resources among multiple threats and actions. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:1639-1649. [PMID: 33909929 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Land managers decide how to allocate resources among multiple threats that can be addressed through multiple possible actions. Additionally, these actions vary in feasibility, effectiveness, and cost. We sought to provide a way to optimize resource allocation to address multiple threats when multiple management options are available, including mutually exclusive options. Formulating the decision as a combinatorial optimization problem, our framework takes as inputs the expected impact and cost of each threat for each action (including do nothing) and for each overall budget identifies the optimal action to take for each threat. We compared the optimal solution to an easy to calculate greedy algorithm approximation and a variety of plausible ranking schemes. We applied the framework to management of multiple introduced plant species in Australian alpine areas. We developed a model of invasion to predict the expected impact in 50 years for each species-action combination that accounted for each species' current invasion state (absent, localized, widespread); arrival probability; spread rate; impact, if present, of each species; and management effectiveness of each species-action combination. We found that the recommended action for a threat changed with budget; there was no single optimal management action for each species; and considering more than one candidate action can substantially increase the management plan's overall efficiency. The approximate solution (solution ranked by marginal cost-effectiveness) performed well when the budget matched the cost of the prioritized actions, indicating that this approach would be effective if the budget was set as part of the prioritization process. The ranking schemes varied in performance, and achieving a close to optimal solution was not guaranteed. Global sensitivity analysis revealed a threat's expected impact and, to a lesser extent, management effectiveness were the most influential parameters, emphasizing the need to focus research and monitoring efforts on their quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joslin L Moore
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abbey E Camaclang
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alana L Moore
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIAT), Toulouse INRA, Auzeville, France
| | - Cindy E Hauser
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael C Runge
- Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Laurel, Maryland, USA
| | - Victor Picheny
- Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIAT), Toulouse INRA, Auzeville, France
| | - Libby Rumpff
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Camaclang AE, Currie J, Giles E, Forbes GJ, Edge CB, Monk WA, Nocera JJ, Stewart‐Robertson G, Browne C, O'Malley ZG, Snider J, Martin TG. Prioritizing threat management across terrestrial and freshwater realms for species conservation and recovery. Conservat Sci and Prac 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abbey E. Camaclang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | | | | | - Christopher B. Edge
- Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | - Wendy A. Monk
- Environment and Climate Change Canada at Canadian Rivers Institute University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | | | | | | | - Zoe G. O'Malley
- University of New Brunswick Fredericton New Brunswick Canada
| | | | - Tara G. Martin
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G. Martin
- CSIRO Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The Australian National Environmental Research Program's Environmental Decisions Hub, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
- Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia 3041‐2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Abbey E. Camaclang
- CSIRO Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The Australian National Environmental Research Program's Environmental Decisions Hub, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The Australian National Environmental Research Program's Environmental Decisions Hub, Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science University of Queensland Brisbane Australia
| | - Lynn A. Maguire
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Box 90328 Durham NC 27708 USA
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Camaclang AE, Maron M, Martin TG, Possingham HP. Current practices in the identification of critical habitat for threatened species. Conserv Biol 2015; 29:482-492. [PMID: 25472827 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The term critical habitat is used to describe the subset of habitat that is essential to the survival and recovery of species. Some countries legally require that critical habitat of listed threatened and endangered species be identified and protected. However, there is little evidence to suggest that the identification of critical habitat has had much impact on species recovery. We hypothesized that this may be due at least partly to a mismatch between the intent of critical habitat identification, which is to protect sufficient habitat for species persistence and recovery, and its practice. We used content analysis to systematically review critical habitat documents from the United States, Canada, and Australia. In particular, we identified the major trends in type of information used to identify critical habitat and in occupancy of habitat identified as critical. Information about population viability was used to identify critical habitat for only 1% of the species reviewed, and for most species, designated critical habitat did not include unoccupied habitat. Without reference to population viability, it is difficult to determine how much of a species' occupied and unoccupied habitat will be required for persistence. We therefore conclude that the identification of critical habitat remains inconsistent with the goal of protecting sufficient habitat to support persistence and recovery of the species. Ensuring that critical habitat identification aligns more closely with its intent will improve the accuracy of the designations and may therefore help improve the benefits to species recovery when combined with adequate implementation and enforcement of legal protections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey E Camaclang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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