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Sorokina LV, Phakatkar AH, Rehak PL, Král P, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Nickel as a modifier of calcium oxalate: an in situ liquid cell TEM investigation of nucleation and growth. Nanoscale 2024; 16:4266-4274. [PMID: 38348770 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05314h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the nucleation and growth of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, there are still several challenges and unknowns that remain. In particular, the role of trace metal elements in the promotion or inhibition of CaOx crystals is not well understood. In the present study, in situ graphene liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (in situ GLC TEM) was used to observe real-time, nanoscale transformations of CaOx crystals in the presence of nickel ions (Ni2+). The results showed that Ni2+ form Ni-water complexes, acting as a shape-directing species, generating a unique morphology and altering growth kinetics. Transient adsorption of Ni-water complexes resulted in a metastable phase formation of calcium oxalate trihydrate. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that Ni2+ acts as a weak inhibitor which slows down the CaOx crystallization, elucidating that Ni2+ impacts small-sized CaOx clusters by bringing more water into the clusters. This work highlighted the intricacies behind the effect of Ni2+ on CaOx biomineralization that were made possible to discern using in situ GLC TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lioudmila V Sorokina
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| | - Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Pavel L Rehak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Petr Král
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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2
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Saha S, Costa RC, Silva MC, Fonseca-Santos JM, Chen L, Phakatkar AH, Bhatia H, Faverani LP, Barão VA, Shokuhfar T, Sukotjo C, Takoudis C. Collagen membrane functionalized with magnesium oxide via room-temperature atomic layer deposition promotes osteopromotive and antimicrobial properties. Bioact Mater 2023; 30:46-61. [PMID: 37521273 PMCID: PMC10382637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial bone grafting materials such as collagen are gaining interest due to the ease of production and implantation. However, collagen must be supplemented with additional coating materials for improved osteointegration. Here, we report room-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of MgO, a novel method to coat collagen membranes with MgO. Characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electron beam dispersion mapping confirm the chemical nature of the film. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies show the surface topography and morphology of the collagen fibers were not altered during the ALD of MgO. Slow release of magnesium ions promotes bone growth, and we show the deposited MgO film leaches trace amounts of Mg when incubated in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C. The coated collagen membrane had a superhydrophilic surface immediately after the deposition of MgO. The film was not toxic to human cells and demonstrated antibacterial properties against bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, in vivo studies performed on calvaria rats showed MgO-coated membranes (200 and 500 ALD) elicit a higher inflammatory response, leading to an increase in angiogenesis and a greater bone formation, mainly for Col-MgO500, compared to uncoated collagen. Based on the characterization of the MgO film and in vitro and in vivo data, the MgO-coated collagen membranes are excellent candidates for guided bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Raphael Cavalcante Costa
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela Caroline Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Matheus Fonseca-Santos
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Abhijit H. Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Harshdeep Bhatia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Leonardo P. Faverani
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valentim A.R. Barão
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Cortino Sukotjo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, USA
| | - Christos Takoudis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, USA
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3
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Phakatkar AH, Megaridis CM, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Real-time TEM observations of ice formation in graphene liquid cell. Nanoscale 2023; 15:7006-7013. [PMID: 36946122 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00097d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of ice nucleation and growth at the nanoscale is of utmost importance in geological and atmospheric sciences. However, existing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) approaches have been unsuccessful in imaging ice formation directly. Herein, we demonstrate how radical scavengers - such as TiO2 - encased with water in graphene liquid cells (GLCs) facilitate the observation of ice nucleation phenomena at low temperatures. Atomic-resolution imaging reveals the nucleation and growth of cubic ice-phase crystals at close proximity to TiO2-water nanointerfaces at low temperatures. Interestingly, both heterogeneously and homogeneously nucleated ice crystals exhibited this cubic phase. Ice crystal nuclei were observed to be more stable at the TiO2-water nanointerface, as compared with crystals in the bulk liquid (homogeneous nucleation), suggesting the radical scavenging efficacy of TiO2 nanoparticles mitigating the electron beam by-products. The present work demonstrates that the use of radical scavengers in GLC TEM shows great promise towards unveiling the nanoscale pathways for ice nucleation and growth dynamic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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4
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Phakatkar AH, Yurkiv V, Ghildiyal P, Wang Y, Amiri A, Sorokina LV, Zachariah MR, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R. In Situ Microscopic Studies on the Interaction of Multi-Principal Element Nanoparticles and Bacteria. ACS Nano 2023; 17:5880-5893. [PMID: 36921123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Multi-principal element nanoparticles are an emerging class of materials with potential applications in medicine and biology. However, it is not known how such nanoparticles interact with bacteria at nanoscale. In the present work, we evaluated the interaction of multi-principal elemental alloy (FeNiCu) nanoparticles with Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria using the in situ graphene liquid cell (GLC) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) approach. The imaging revealed the details of bacteria wall damage in the vicinity of nanoparticles. The chemical mappings of S, P, O, N, C, and Cl elements confirmed the cytoplasmic leakage of the bacteria. Our results show that there is selective release of metal ions from the nanoparticles. The release of copper ions was much higher than that for nickel while the iron release was the lowest. In addition, the binding affinity of bacterial cell membrane protein functional groups with Cu, Ni, and Fe cations is found to be the driving force behind the selective metal cations' release from the multi-principal element nanoparticles. The protein functional groups driven dissolution of multielement nanoparticles was evaluated using the density functional theory (DFT) computational method, which confirmed that the energy required to remove Cu atoms from the nanoparticle surface was the least in comparison with those for Ni and Fe atoms. The DFT results support the experimental data, indicating that the energy to dissolve metal atoms exposed to oxidation and/or the to presence of oxygen atoms at the surface of the nanoparticle catalyzes metal removal from the multielement nanoparticle. The study shows the potential of compositional design of multi-principal element nanoparticles for the controlled release of metal ions to develop antibacterial strategies. In addition, GLC-STEM is a promising approach for understanding the nanoscale interaction of metallic nanoparticles with biological structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Vitaliy Yurkiv
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Pankaj Ghildiyal
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Azadeh Amiri
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lioudmila V Sorokina
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Michael R Zachariah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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5
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Phakatkar AH, Gonçalves JM, Zhou J, Ritter TG, Tamadoni Saray M, Sorokina LV, Amiri A, Angnes L, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Enhanced Bacterial Growth by Polyelemental Glycerolate Particles. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2023; 6:1515-1524. [PMID: 36933270 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
While polyelemental alloys are shown to be promising for healthcare applications, their effectiveness in promoting bacterial growth remains unexplored. In the present work, we evaluated the interaction of polyelemental glycerolate particles (PGPs) with Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. PGPs were synthesized using the solvothermal route, and nanoscale random distribution of metal cations in the glycerol matrix of PGPs was confirmed. We observed 7-fold growth of E. coli bacteria upon 4 h of interaction with quinary glycerolate (NiZnMnMgSr-Gly) particles in comparison to control E. coli bacteria. Nanoscale microscopic studies on bacteria interactions with PGPs showed the release of metal cations in the bacterium cytoplasm from PGPs. The electron microscopy imaging and chemical mapping indicated bacterial biofilm formation on PGPs without causing significant cell membrane damage. The data showed that the presence of glycerol in PGPs is effective in controlling the release of metal cations, thus preventing bacterial toxicity. The presence of multiple metal cations is expected to provide synergistic effects of nutrients needed for bacterial growth. The present work provides key microscopic insights of mechanisms by which PGPs enhance biofilm growth. This study opens the door for future applications of PGPs in areas where bacterial growth is essential including healthcare, clean energy, and the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Josué M Gonçalves
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Jianshu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Timothy G Ritter
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Mahmoud Tamadoni Saray
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lioudmila V Sorokina
- Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Azadeh Amiri
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lucio Angnes
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-060, Brazil
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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Gonçalves JM, Ghorbani A, Ritter TG, Lima IS, Tamadoni Saray M, Phakatkar AH, Silva VD, Pereira RS, Yarin AL, Angnes L, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Multimetallic glycerolate as a precursor template of spherical porous high-entropy oxide microparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:643-652. [PMID: 36963257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy materials have received notable attention concern on account of their unique structure, tunable properties, and unprecedented potential applications in many fields. In this work, for the first time a NiCoMnZnMg-containing high-entropy glycerolate (HE-Gly) particles has been synthesized using a scalable solvothermal method. The HE-Gly particles were used as a precursor in design of porous high-entropy oxide (HEO) microparticles. The morphological and structural characterizations demonstrate that the temperature of the annealing process, and the composition of the metal ions in the HE-Gly precursors play important roles in determining porosity, crystallinity, and phase separation in HEOs. In fact, HE-Gly exhibited a porous structure of spinel HEOs with secreted MgO phase after annealing process at 800 °C, while the annealing process at 400 °C led to a low-crystallinity spinel phase without phase segregation. Overall, this work describes HE-Gly as a new precursor for altering the composition, crystallinity, and porosity of HEOs. This strategy is scalable for potential high mass productions, paving a new path toward industrial application of high-entropy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué M Gonçalves
- Department of Mechanical &Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
| | - Alireza Ghorbani
- Department of Mechanical &Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Timothy G Ritter
- Department of Civil & Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Irlan S Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Mahmoud Tamadoni Saray
- Department of Mechanical &Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Vinicius D Silva
- Department of Mechanical &Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Rafael S Pereira
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580 Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander L Yarin
- Department of Mechanical &Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Lúcio Angnes
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical &Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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Saha S, Phakatkar AH, Jursich G, Shokuhfar T, Takoudis CG. The interface of atomic layer deposited ZrO
2
on Si/SiO
2
from an alkoxide zirconium precursor and ethanol: a transmission electron microscopy focused study. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Saha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Illinois Chicago 851 S. Morgan St Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Abhijit H. Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Illinois Chicago 851 S. Morgan St Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Gregory Jursich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Illinois Chicago 851 S. Morgan St Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois Chicago 845 W. Taylor St Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Illinois Chicago 851 S. Morgan St Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Christos G. Takoudis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Illinois Chicago 851 S. Morgan St Chicago IL 60607 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Illinois Chicago 945 W. Taylor St Chicago IL 60607 USA
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Phakatkar AH, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Nanoscale chemical and structural investigation of solid solution polyelemental transition metal oxide nanoparticles. iScience 2023; 26:106032. [PMID: 36818279 PMCID: PMC9929587 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it has been shown that configurational entropy can improve the structural stability in transition metal oxides (TMOs), little is known about the oxidation state of transition metals under random mixing of alloys. Such information is essential in understanding the chemical reactivity and properties of TMOs stabilized by configurational entropy. Herein, utilizing electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), we systematically studied the oxidation state of binary (Mn, Fe)3O4, ternary (Mn, Fe, Ni)3O4, and quinary (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn)3O4 solid solution polyelemental transition metal oxides (SSP-TMOs) nanoparticles. Our findings show that the random mixing of multiple elements in the form of solid solution phase not only promotes the entropy stabilization but also results in stable oxidation state in transition metals spanning from binary to quinary transition metal oxide nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit H. Phakatkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Corresponding author
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9
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Shingte S, Phakatkar AH, McKiernan E, Nigoghossian K, Ferguson S, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Brougham DF. Correlating Magnetic Hyperthermia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Performance of Cubic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Crystal Structural Integrity. Chem Mater 2022; 34:10801-10810. [PMID: 36590705 PMCID: PMC9798828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have multiple biomedical applications in AC-field hyperthermia and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement. Here, two cubic particle suspensions are analyzed in detail, one suspension displayed strong magnetic heating and MRI contrast efficacies, while the other responded weakly. This is despite them having almost identical size, morphology, and colloidal dispersion. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the spinel phase Fe3O4 was present in both samples and identified prominent crystal lattice defects for the weakly responding one. These are interpreted as frustrating the orientation of the moment within the cubic crystals. The relationship between crystal integrity and the moment magnitude and dynamics is elucidated for the case of fully dispersed single nanocubes, and its connection with the emergent hyperthermia and MRI contrast responses is established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhijit H. Phakatkar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Eoin McKiernan
- School
of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Steven Ferguson
- School
of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7042, United States
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10
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Phakatkar AH, Saray MT, Rasul MG, Sorokina LV, Ritter TG, Shokuhfar T, Shahbazian-Yassar R. Ultrafast Synthesis of High Entropy Oxide Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Pyrolysis. Langmuir 2021; 37:9059-9068. [PMID: 34279100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of high entropy oxide (HEO) nanoparticles (NPs) possesses many challenges in terms of process complexity and cost, scalability, tailoring nanoparticle morphology, and rapid synthesis. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel single-phase solid solution (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn)3(O)4 quinary HEO NPs produced by a flame spray pyrolysis route. The aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) technique is utilized to investigate the spinel crystal structure of synthesized HEO NPs, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the high entropy configuration of five metal elements in their oxide form within a single HEO nanoparticle. Selected area electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy analysis results are in accordance with STEM results, providing the key attributes of a spinel crystal structure of HEO NPs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results provide the insightful understanding of chemical oxidation states of individual elements and their possible cation occupancy sites in the spinel-structured HEO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Mahmoud Tamadoni Saray
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Md Golam Rasul
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Lioudmila V Sorokina
- Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Timothy G Ritter
- Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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11
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Phakatkar AH, Firlar E, Alzate L, Song B, Narayanan S, Rojaee R, Foroozan T, Deivanayagam R, Banner DJ, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Shokuhfar T. TEM Studies on Antibacterial Mechanisms of Black Phosphorous Nanosheets. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3071-3085. [PMID: 32431502 PMCID: PMC7200252 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are gaining tremendous attention as novel antibacterial platforms to combat against continuously evolving antimicrobial resistance levels. Among the family of 2D nanomaterials, black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets have demonstrated promising potential for biomedical applications. However, there is a need to gain nanoscale insights of the antibacterial activity of BP nanosheets which lies at the center of technical challenges. METHODS Ultra-large BP nanosheets were synthesized by liquid-exfoliation method in the eco-friendly deoxygenated water. Synthesized BP nanosheets were characterized by TEM, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy techniques and their chemical stability was evaluated by EDS and EELS elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity of BP nanosheets was evaluated at nanoscale by the ultramicrotome TEM technique. Further, HAADF-STEM image and EDS elemental line map of the damaged bacterium were utilized to analyze the presence of diagnostic ions. Supportive SEM and ATR-FTIR studies were carried out to confirm the bacterial cell wall damage. In vitro colony counting method was utilized to evaluate the antibacterial performance of ultra-large BP nanosheets. RESULTS Elemental EELS and EDS analysis of BP nanosheets stored in deoxygenated water confirmed the absence of oxygen peak. TEM studies indicate the various events of bacterial cell damage with the lost cellular metabolism and structural integrity. Colony counting test results show that as-synthesized BP nanosheets (100 μg/mL) can kill ~95% bacteria within 12 hours. CONCLUSION TEM studies demonstrate the various events of E. coli membrane damage and the loss of structural integrity. These events include the BP nanosheets interaction with the bacterial cell wall, cytoplasmic leakage, detachment of cytoplasm from the cell membrane, reduced density of lipid bilayer and agglomerated DNA structure. The EDS elemental line mapping of the damaged bacterium confirms the disrupted cell membrane permeability and the lost cellular metabolism. SEM micrographs and ATR-FTIR supportive results confirm the bacterial cell wall damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit H Phakatkar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Emre Firlar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Laura Alzate
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Boao Song
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Surya Narayanan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Ramin Rojaee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Tara Foroozan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | | | - David James Banner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
| | - Tolou Shokuhfar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL60607, USA
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