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Mahamar A, Smit MJ, Sanogo K, Sinaba Y, Niambele SM, Sacko A, Dicko OM, Diallo M, Maguiraga SO, Sankaré Y, Keita S, Samake S, Dembele A, Lanke K, Ter Heine R, Bradley J, Dicko Y, Traore SF, Drakeley C, Dicko A, Bousema T, Stone W. Artemether-lumefantrine with or without single-dose primaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine with or without single-dose tafenoquine to reduce Plasmodium falciparum transmission: a phase 2, single-blind, randomised clinical trial in Ouelessebougou, Mali. Lancet Microbe 2024:S2666-5247(24)00023-5. [PMID: 38705163 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(24)00023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artemether-lumefantrine is widely used for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria; sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine is used for seasonal malaria chemoprevention. We aimed to determine the efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine with and without primaquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine with and without tafenoquine for reducing gametocyte carriage and transmission to mosquitoes. METHODS In this phase 2, single-blind, randomised clinical trial conducted in Ouelessebougou, Mali, asymptomatic individuals aged 10-50 years with P falciparum gametocytaemia were recruited from the community and randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to receive either artemether-lumefantrine, artemether-lumefantrine with a single dose of 0·25 mg/kg primaquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine, or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine with a single dose of 1·66 mg/kg tafenoquine. All trial staff other than the pharmacist were masked to group allocation. Participants were not masked to group allocation. Randomisation was done with a computer-generated randomisation list and concealed with sealed, opaque envelopes. The primary outcome was the median within-person percent change in mosquito infection rate in infectious individuals from baseline to day 2 (artemether-lumefantrine groups) or day 7 (sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine groups) after treatment, assessed by direct membrane feeding assay. All participants who received any trial drug were included in the safety analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05081089. FINDINGS Between Oct 13 and Dec 16, 2021, 1290 individuals were screened and 80 were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups (20 per group). The median age of participants was 13 (IQR 11-20); 37 (46%) of 80 participants were female and 43 (54%) were male. In individuals who were infectious before treatment, the median percentage reduction in mosquito infection rate 2 days after treatment was 100·0% (IQR 100·0-100·0; n=19; p=0·0011) with artemether-lumefantrine and 100·0% (100·0-100·0; n=19; p=0·0001) with artemether-lumefantrine with primaquine. Only two individuals who were infectious at baseline infected mosquitoes on day 2 after artemether-lumefantrine and none at day 5. By contrast, the median percentage reduction in mosquito infection rate 7 days after treatment was 63·6% (IQR 0·0-100·0; n=20; p=0·013) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine and 100% (100·0-100·0; n=19; p<0·0001) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine with tafenoquine. No grade 3-4 or serious adverse events occurred. INTERPRETATION These data support the effectiveness of artemether-lumefantrine alone for preventing nearly all mosquito infections. By contrast, there was considerable post-treatment transmission after sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine; therefore, the addition of a transmission-blocking drug might be beneficial in maximising its community impact. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almahamoudou Mahamar
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali.
| | - Merel J Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Koualy Sanogo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Youssouf Sinaba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sidi M Niambele
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Sacko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar M Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Makonon Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydina O Maguiraga
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Yaya Sankaré
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekouba Keita
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Siaka Samake
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Dembele
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - John Bradley
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Yahia Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou F Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Will Stone
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Oulton T, Mahamar A, Sanogo K, Diallo M, Youssouf A, Niambele SM, Samaké S, Keita S, Sinaba Y, Sacko A, Traore SF, Lanke K, Collins KA, Bradley J, Drakeley C, Stone WJR, Dicko A. Persistence of Plasmodium falciparum HRP-2 antigenaemia after artemisinin combination therapy is not associated with gametocytes. Malar J 2022; 21:372. [PMID: 36474274 PMCID: PMC9724264 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some settings, sensitive field diagnostic tools may be needed to achieve elimination of falciparum malaria. To this end, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on the detection of the Plasmodium falciparum protein HRP-2 are being developed with increasingly lower limits of detection. However, it is currently unclear how parasite stages that are unaffected by standard drug treatments may contribute to HRP-2 detectability and potentially confound RDT results even after clearance of blood stage infection. This study assessed the detectability of HRP-2 in periods of post-treatment residual gametocytaemia. METHODS A cohort of 100 P. falciparum infected, gametocyte positive individuals were treated with or without the gametocytocidal drug primaquine (PQ), alongside standard artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), in the context of a randomised clinical trial in Ouelessebougou, Mali. A quantitative ELISA was used to measure levels of HRP-2, and compared time to test negativity using a standard and ultra-sensitive RDT (uRDT) between residual gametocyte positive and negative groups. RESULTS Time to test negativity was longest by uRDT, followed by ELISA and then standard RDT. No significant difference in time to negativity was found between the treatment groups with and without residual gametocytes: uRDT (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.52-1.21], p = 0.28), RDT (HR 0.77 [95% CI 0.51-1.15], p = 0.20) or ELISA (HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.59-1.32], p = 0.53). Similarly, no difference was observed when adjusting for baseline asexual parasite density. Quantified levels of HRP-2 over time were similar between groups, with differences attributable to asexual parasite densities. Furthermore, no difference in levels of HRP-2 was found between individuals who were or were not infectious to mosquitoes (OR 1.19 [95% CI 0.98-1.46], p = 0.077). CONCLUSIONS Surviving sexual stage parasites after standard ACT treatment do not contribute to the persistence of HRP-2 antigenaemia, and appear to have little impact on RDT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tate Oulton
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Almahamoudou Mahamar
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Koualy Sanogo
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Makonon Diallo
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ahamadou Youssouf
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sidi M. Niambele
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Siaka Samaké
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekouba Keita
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Youssouf Sinaba
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Sacko
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou F. Traore
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharine A. Collins
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John Bradley
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XMRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Chris Drakeley
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Will J. R. Stone
- grid.8991.90000 0004 0425 469XDepartment of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alassane Dicko
- grid.461088.30000 0004 0567 336XMalaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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3
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Stone W, Mahamar A, Smit MJ, Sanogo K, Sinaba Y, Niambele SM, Sacko A, Keita S, Dicko OM, Diallo M, Maguiraga SO, Samake S, Attaher O, Lanke K, Ter Heine R, Bradley J, McCall MBB, Issiaka D, Traore SF, Bousema T, Drakeley C, Dicko A. Single low-dose tafenoquine combined with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine to reduce Plasmodium falciparum transmission in Ouelessebougou, Mali: a phase 2, single-blind, randomised clinical trial. Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e336-e347. [PMID: 35544095 PMCID: PMC9042793 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tafenoquine was recently approved as a prophylaxis and radical cure for Plasmodium vivax infection, but its Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking efficacy is unclear. We aimed to establish the efficacy and safety of three single low doses of tafenoquine in combination with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for reducing gametocyte density and transmission to mosquitoes. METHODS In this four-arm, single-blind, phase 2, randomised controlled trial, participants were recruited at the Clinical Research Unit of the Malaria Research and Training Centre of the University of Bamako in Mali. Eligible participants were aged 12-50 years, with asymptomatic P falciparum microscopy-detected gametocyte carriage, had a bodyweight of 80 kg or less, and had no clinical signs of malaria defined by fever. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to standard treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus a single dose of tafenoquine (in solution) at a final dosage of 0·42 mg/kg, 0·83 mg/kg, or 1·66 mg/kg. Randomisation was done with a computer-generated randomisation list and concealed with sealed, opaque envelopes. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine was administered as oral tablets over 3 days (day 0, 1, and 2), as per manufacturer instructions. A single dose of tafenoquine was administered as oral solution on day 0 in parallel with the first dose of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine. Tafenoquine dosing was based on bodyweight to standardise efficacy and risk variance. The primary endpoint, assessed in the per-protocol population, was median percentage change in mosquito infection rate 7 days after treatment compared with baseline. Safety endpoints included frequency and incidence of adverse events. The final follow-up visit was on Dec 23, 2021; the trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04609098. FINDINGS From Oct 29 to Nov 25, 2020, 1091 individuals were screened for eligibility, 80 of whom were enrolled and randomly assigned (20 per treatment group). Before treatment, 53 (66%) individuals were infectious to mosquitoes, infecting median 12·50% of mosquitoes (IQR 3·64-35·00). Within-group reduction in mosquito infection rate on day 7 was 79·95% (IQR 57·15-100; p=0·0005 for difference from baseline) following dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine only, 100% (98·36-100; p=0·0005) following dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus tafenoquine 0·42 mg/kg, 100% (100-100; p=0·0001) following dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus tafenoquine 0·83 mg/kg, and 100% (100-100; p=0·0001) following dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus tafenoquine 1·66 mg/kg. 55 (69%) of 80 participants had a total of 94 adverse events over the course of the trial; 86 (92%) adverse events were categorised as mild, seven (7%) as moderate, and one (1%) as severe. The most common treatment-related adverse event was mild or moderate headache, which occurred in 15 (19%) participants (dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine n=2; dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus tafenoquine 0·42 mg/kg n=6; dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus tafenoquine 0·83 mg/kg n=3; and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine plus tafenoquine 1·66 mg/kg n=4). No serious adverse events occurred. No significant differences in the incidence of all adverse events (p=0·73) or treatment-related adverse events (p=0·62) were observed between treatment groups. INTERPRETATION Tafenoquine was well tolerated at all doses and accelerated P falciparum gametocyte clearance. All tafenoquine doses showed improved transmission reduction at day 7 compared with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine alone. These data support the case for further research on tafenoquine as a transmission-blocking supplement to standard antimalarials. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. TRANSLATIONS For the French, Portuguese, Spanish and Swahili translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Stone
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Almahamoudou Mahamar
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Merel J Smit
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Koualy Sanogo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Youssouf Sinaba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sidi M Niambele
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Sacko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekouba Keita
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar M Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Makonon Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Seydina O Maguiraga
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Siaka Samake
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Oumar Attaher
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob Ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - John Bradley
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew B B McCall
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Djibrilla Issiaka
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou F Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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4
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Stone W, Mahamar A, Sanogo K, Sinaba Y, Niambele SM, Sacko A, Keita S, Youssouf A, Diallo M, Soumare HM, Kaur H, Lanke K, ter Heine R, Bradley J, Issiaka D, Diawara H, Traore SF, Bousema T, Drakeley C, Dicko A. Pyronaridine–artesunate or dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine combined with single low-dose primaquine to prevent Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Ouélessébougou, Mali: a four-arm, single-blind, phase 2/3, randomised trial. The Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e41-e51. [PMID: 35028628 PMCID: PMC8721154 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William Stone
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Correspondence to: Dr William Stone, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Almahamoudou Mahamar
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Koualy Sanogo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Youssouf Sinaba
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sidi M Niambele
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Sacko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekouba Keita
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ahamadou Youssouf
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Makonon Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Harouna M Soumare
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Harparkash Kaur
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rob ter Heine
- Department of Pharmacy and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - John Bradley
- MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Djibrilla Issiaka
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Halimatou Diawara
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou F Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alassane Dicko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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Sacko A, Bourrat E, Bourdon O, Prot-Labarthe S. [Dermocorticoides and sun exposure: A misunderstanding?]. Ann Pharm Fr 2021; 79:589-596. [PMID: 33515590 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fear of dermocorticoids (DCs) or corticophobia is based on an overestimation of the risks of actual side effects and on unfounded beliefs such as DCs-induced photosensitivity among community pharmacists. The objective of this study was to assess the community pharmacy teams' fear of dermocorticoids in atopic dermatitis (DA) in sunny weather and its impact on drug use advice. MATERIAL ET METHODS A questionnaire as a real case (a summer prescription for atopic dermatitis for an 18-month-old child) was posted on Facebook via groups of pharmacists, technicians and students. Data collected concerned the health professional, his or her reluctance to DCs, advice associated with dispensation, detailed concerns about the DC and sun association, and sources of information. RESULTS In total, 126 participants responded (48.4% pharmacists, 40.5% technicians, 10.3% students): 12% were reluctant to DCs, 36% were reluctant to DCs and considered them photosensitizing, and 51% were not reluctant but considered them photosensitizing. The impact on the patient advice was: a suggestion to stop DC during sun exposure (28%), to stop or limit DC (dose, duration) (43%). Concerns about the association DC/sun were mainly due to UV rays (46%). Sources cited were: monographs (54%), Internet (6%), training courses (13%). CONCLUSION The false belief of DC/sun incompatibility in DA is strong among pharmacists and impacts on patients' advice. The role of the official team in dispensing dermocorticoids is essential: training and information for professionals helps to fight false information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sacko
- Pharmacie clinique, faculté de pharmacie de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - E Bourrat
- Dermatologie, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - O Bourdon
- Pharmacie clinique, faculté de pharmacie de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Département de pharmacie, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France; Laboratoire éducations et pratiques de santé, université Paris XIII, Bobigny, France
| | - S Prot-Labarthe
- Département de pharmacie, hôpital Robert-Debré, AP-HP, Paris, France; Inserm U 1123, ECEVE, Paris, France.
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6
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Talman AM, Ouologuem DTD, Love K, Howick VM, Mulamba C, Haidara A, Dara N, Sylla D, Sacko A, Coulibaly MM, Dao F, Sangare CPO, Djimde A, Lawniczak MKN. Uptake of Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes During Mosquito Bloodmeal by Direct and Membrane Feeding. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:246. [PMID: 32194521 PMCID: PMC7062676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum remains one of the leading causes of child mortality, and nearly half of the world's population is at risk of contracting malaria. While pathogenesis results from replication of asexual forms in human red blood cells, it is the sexually differentiated forms, gametocytes, which are responsible for the spread of the disease. For transmission to succeed, both mature male and female gametocytes must be taken up by a female Anopheles mosquito during its blood meal for subsequent differentiation into gametes and mating inside the mosquito gut. Observed circulating numbers of gametocytes in the human host are often surprisingly low. A pre-fertilization behavior, such as skin sequestration, has been hypothesized to explain the efficiency of human-to-mosquito transmission but has not been sufficiently tested due to a lack of appropriate tools. In this study, we describe the optimization of a qPCR tool that enables the relative quantification of gametocytes within very small input samples. Such a tool allows for the quantification of gametocytes in different compartments of the host and the vector that could potentially unravel mechanisms that enable highly efficient malaria transmission. We demonstrate the use of our gametocyte quantification method in mosquito blood meals from both direct skin feeding on Plasmodium gametocyte carriers and standard membrane feeding assay. Relative gametocyte abundance was not different between mosquitoes fed through a membrane or directly on the skin suggesting that there is no systematic enrichment of gametocytes picked up in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M. Talman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dinkorma T. D. Ouologuem
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Katie Love
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Aboubecrin Haidara
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Niawanlou Dara
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Daman Sylla
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Sacko
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mamadou M. Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Francois Dao
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Cheick P. O. Sangare
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Djimde
- Malaria Research and Training Centre, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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7
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Sacko A, Prot-Labarthe S, Bourdon O, Bourrat E. Dermocorticoïdes et soleil: un malentendu chez les pharmaciens. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2019.09.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Coulibaly MB, Gabriel EE, Sinaba Y, Sylla D, Sacko A, Sylla L, Coulibaly B, Hume JCC, Baber I, Assadou MH, Sagara I, Wu Y, Healy SA, Doumbo O, Traore SF, Duffy PE. Optimizing Direct Membrane and Direct Skin Feeding Assays for Plasmodium falciparum Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Trials in Bancoumana, Mali. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:719-725. [PMID: 28722588 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria transmission-blocking vaccines (TBV) have been evaluated in field trials in Mali since 2013. However, the assays currently used to measure serum antibody TB activity (TBA) after vaccination are highly variable, in part due to the lack of optimization and standardization for field assays in which mosquitoes feed on gametocytemic blood. Herein, we report a study conducted in Bancoumana village, Mali, where we identify and optimize the parameters that contribute to successful mosquito feeding outcomes in both direct skin feeds (DSFs) and direct membrane feeding assays (DMFA). These parameters include: 1) mosquito age, 2) duration of mosquito starvation prior to feeding, 3) membrane selection for DMFA, 4) anatomical location of DSF feeding (arm, calf, and ankle), and 5) time of day for DSF (dawn or dusk). We found that younger mosquitoes were significantly associated with higher feeding, survival, and infection rates. Longer starvation times were positively, but not significantly, associated with higher infection rates, but were negatively associated with feeding and survival. Membrane type and body location did not affect infection outcome significantly. Although dusk was found to be associated with higher infection rates, this may be confounded by the time from positive blood smear. Based on these findings, we make specific recommendations for optimal feeding parameters in the different assay types to maximize the chance of detecting parasite transmission in a standardized manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou B Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Erin E Gabriel
- Biostatistics Research Branch, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Youssouf Sinaba
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Daman Sylla
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Sacko
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Lakamy Sylla
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Boubacar Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Jen C C Hume
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ibrahima Baber
- Abt Associates Inc., Monrovia, Liberia.,Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Yimin Wu
- PATH-Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, District of Columbia.,Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sara A Healy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ogobara Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou F Traore
- Malaria Research and Training Center, ICER-MALI-USTTB-NIAID/NIH, Bamako, Mali
| | - Patrick E Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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9
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Keïta M, Traoré S, Sogoba N, Dicko AM, Coulibaly B, Sacko A, Doumbia S, Traoré SF. [Susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato to insecticides commonly used for malaria control in Mali]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 109:39-45. [PMID: 26740098 DOI: 10.1007/s13149-015-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to monitor the susceptibility of malaria vectors to insecticides in nine sentinel sites of the National Malaria Control Program in Mali. The study was performed during the rainy seasons of 2010 and 2011. WHO bioassays were conducted using F0 and/or F1 from wild collected females. The insecticides used were lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05%, DDT 4%, permethrin 0.75%, deltamethrin 0.05%, bendiocarb 0.1% and fenitrothion 1.0%. Results showed suspicion of resistance to pyrethroids and organochlorine in An. gambiae s.l. at almost all the sites except Yanfolila where the vector was susceptible to lambda-cyhalothrin (98.0%) [CI 95%, 98-99.8] and to DDT (100%). An. gambiae s.l. was susceptible to bendiocarb in five of the sites (Gao, Bougouni, Djenné, Yanfolila, Tombouctou) while there was a suspicion of resistance at the other sites (Kati, Niono, Bandiagara, Kita). Fenitrothion remains efficient except in the rice area of Niono, where there was a suspicion of resistance with a mortality rate of 92% [IC 95% 88.3-94.8]. Thus, it could be used as an alternative insecticide for IRS in Mali. These results show resistance to pyrethroids, the main insecticide family used in public health (and to some extent in agriculture). This could compromise the malaria vector control efforts in Mali where pyrethroids are used for both in bed nets and in IRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Keïta
- Malaria Research and Training center, Faculté de médecine et d'odontostomatologie (FMOS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, BP, 1805, Bamako, Mali.
| | - S Traoré
- Programme national de lutte contre le paludisme, Bamako, Mali
| | - N Sogoba
- Malaria Research and Training center, Faculté de médecine et d'odontostomatologie (FMOS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, BP, 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - A M Dicko
- Programme national de lutte contre le paludisme, Bamako, Mali
| | - B Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training center, Faculté de médecine et d'odontostomatologie (FMOS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, BP, 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - A Sacko
- Malaria Research and Training center, Faculté de médecine et d'odontostomatologie (FMOS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, BP, 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - S Doumbia
- Malaria Research and Training center, Faculté de médecine et d'odontostomatologie (FMOS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, BP, 1805, Bamako, Mali
| | - S F Traoré
- Malaria Research and Training center, Faculté de médecine et d'odontostomatologie (FMOS), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako, BP, 1805, Bamako, Mali
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10
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Ursu R, Taillibert S, Banissi C, Vicaut E, Bailon O, Le Rhun E, Guillamo JS, Psimaras D, Tibi A, Sacko A, Marantidou A, Belin C, Carpentier AF. Immunotherapy with CpG-ODN in neoplastic meningitis: A phase I trial. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1212-8. [PMID: 26094710 PMCID: PMC4582991 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TLR-9 agonists are immunostimulating agents that have antitumor effects in animal models. A phase I trial was conducted to define the safety profile of subcutaneous injections, combined with intrathecally administration of CpG-28, a TRL 9 agonist, in patients with neoplastic meningitis (NM). Cohorts of 3–6 patients with NM were treated for 5 weeks with escalating doses of CpG-28. The primary endpoint was tolerance. Secondary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Twenty-nine patients were treated with CpG-28. The primary cancers were malignant glioma, lung carcinoma, breast cancer, melanoma or melanocytoma, ependymoma, and colorectal cancer. The median age was 56 years and median Karnovsky Performance status (KPS) was 70%. The treatment was well tolerated. Adverse effects that were possibly or probably related to the studied drug were grade 2 lymphopenia, anemia and neutropenia, local erythema at injection sites, fever and seizure. There were five serious adverse events: two confusions, two infections of ventricular devices and one grade 4 thrombopenia and neutropenia. The median PFS was 7 weeks and median OS was 15 weeks. Interestingly, the median survival was slightly (but not significantly) higher in the eight patients who were concomitantly treated with bevacizumab (19 weeks vs 15 weeks; P = 0.11). CpG-28 was well tolerated at doses up to 0.3 mg/kg subcutaneously and 18 mg intrathecally. Additional trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ursu
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Sophie Taillibert
- Department of Neurology Mazarin, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Claire Banissi
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Methodology and Statistical Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Bailon
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Emilie Le Rhun
- Breast Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Oscar Lambert Center, Lille, France
| | | | - Dimitri Psimaras
- Department of Neurology Mazarin, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Annick Tibi
- Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé (AGEPS), Paris, France
| | - Adama Sacko
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France.,UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine de Bobigny - Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | - Athina Marantidou
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France.,UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine de Bobigny - Université Paris 13, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine F Carpentier
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France.,UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine de Bobigny - Université Paris 13, Paris, France
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11
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Sacko A, Hou MM, Temgoua M, Alkhafaji A, Marantidou A, Belin C, Mandonnet E, Ursu R, Doridam J, Coman I, Levy-Piedbois C, Carpentier AF. Evolution of the Karnosky Performance Status throughout life in glioblastoma patients. J Neurooncol 2015; 122:567-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Sacko A, Hou M, Temgoua M, Ursu-Billot R, Marantidou A, Doridam J, Coman I, Belin C, Levy-Piedbois C, Carpentier AF. P15.16 * EVOLUTION OF THE FUNCTIONAL INDEPENDENCE IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou174.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Pierre-Justin A, Sacko A, Herlin B, Ursu R, Blonski M, Psimaras D, Carpentier A. Localisations secondaires d’un glioblastome : métastases osseuses confirmées par la biopsie ostéomédullaire. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.01.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Assenova M, Sacko A, Cadranel JF, Logak M. [Peripheral neurosarcoidosis and chronic C hepatitis: Responsibility of antiviral therapies]. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2012; 168:874-6. [PMID: 22705231 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Fryxell RTT, Seifert SN, Lee Y, Sacko A, Lanzaro G, Cornel A. The knockdown resistance mutation and knockdown time in Anopheles gambiae collected from Mali evaluated through a bottle bioassay and a novel insecticide-treated net bioassay. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2012; 28:119-22. [PMID: 22894124 DOI: 10.2987/11-6216r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Successful malaria management in Mali includes the use of pyrethroids and insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for mosquito control; however, management is threatened by the spread of insecticide resistance detected via the knockdown resistance (kdr) allele. In a preliminary study, we compared the knockdown times of Anopheles gambiae from Mali using a novel ITN bioassay and the World Health Organization (WHO) bottle bioassay. Additionally, the frequency and relationship between kdr genotypes, molecular forms, and pyrethroid resistance were analyzed. The S molecular form was predominant and accounted for 76% of the assayed population. Both kdr resistant alleles, West Africa resistant (kdr-w) and East Africa resistant (kdr-e), were observed. There was no significant difference in knockdown time based on kdr genotype or molecular form of individual mosquitoes, but mosquitoes in the ITN bioassay homozygous for the kdr-w allele were knocked down significantly faster than those in the WHO bottle bioassay. The ITN bioassay provides an additional indicator of insecticide efficacy because ITNs, frequently used within homes, are the most common form of vector control and malaria prevention, and the ITN bioassays can evaluate seasonal field effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Trout Fryxell
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37920, USA
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16
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Hassane S, Bailon O, Belin C, Bresson D, Houdart E, Carpentier A, Sacko A. Acouphène pulsatile par sténose de la jonction sinus sigmoïde-sinus droit. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2012.01.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Phoutrides EK, Coulibaly MB, George CM, Sacko A, Traore S, Bessoff K, Wiley MR, Kolivras KN, Adelman Z, Traore M, Hunsperger EA. Dengue virus seroprevalence among febrile patients in Bamako, Mali: results of a 2006 surveillance study. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2011; 11:1479-85. [PMID: 21767159 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue viruses (DENV) are endemic in over 100 countries worldwide, and annually 50 to 100 million people are infected by one of the four DENV serotypes, whereas over 2.5 billion people are at risk for infection. West African countries lack the surveillance to determine the true incidence of dengue; hence, this disease is likely significantly underestimated. In Mali, ?14 million people are potentially at risk of acquiring a dengue infection. METHODS AND FINDINGS A serosurvey for DENV was conducted on 95 human serum samples obtained from the Institute National de Recherche en Sante Publique in 2006. DENV-specific IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed on all samples, and a subset was tested using the plaque-reduction neutralization test against the DENV and yellow fever virus (YFV). Samples collected during the acute infection (0-5 days postonset of symptoms) were tested for dengue NS1 antigen and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for Flaviviruses, Alphaviruses, and Bunyaviruses RNA. A total of 87 (93%) of samples were positive for anti-DENV IgG antibodies. Of a subset of 13 IgG positive samples, 2 samples neutralized monotypically against DENV-1 and -2, whereas 3 others neutralized broadly against YFV and multiple DENV. Although no polymerase chain reaction positives were found, DENV NS1 was detected in 1 of the 20 acute samples tested. CONCLUSIONS Of the 93 human serum samples tested, the dengue prevalence based on dengue IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results was 93%. Three DENV specific positive samples and two YFV positives were identified by plaque-reduction neutralization test. Finally, one sample tested positive for dengue NS1, thus suggestive of an acute infection within 14 days of obtaining the sample from the patient. Based on these serological data from this study, YFV and DENV appear to be co-circulating in Mali.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena K Phoutrides
- Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Kouéta F, Yé D, Zoungrana A, Sacko A, Ouédraogo-Traoré R, Kafando E, Ouédraogo S. [Failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]. Med Trop (Mars) 2010; 70:517-523. [PMID: 21520658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Approximately one-fourth of the estimated 10,000 HIV-infected children in Burkina Faso are undergoing antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. At the Charles de Gaulle Pediatric Hospital Center in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, Support for ARV therapy began in July 2003 and a total of 250 children were undergoing treatment in late 2007. The purpose of this retrospective case-control study conducted over a period of 54 months from July 2003 to December 2007 was to investigate cases involving failure of first-line ARV therapy in particular with regard to cause. All patients (n = 32) showing poor virological, immunological, and/or clinical response to ARV therapy were considered as failures and thus included in the case group. The control group (n = 160) consisted of patients with good responses to treatment. Cases and controls were compared using the Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) technique with a confidence interval at 95%. The failure rate was 12.8%. Failure was significantly correlated with low socioeconomic level (OR = 3), orphan status (OR = 4), age over 10 years (OR = 5), male gender (OR = 3), baseline viral load > or = 1,000,000 copies/mL (OR = 9), and poor compliance (OR = 37). Mortality in children who failed to respond to first-line ARV therapy was 25% due to the unavailability of a national second-line ARV therapy program. This study underlines the need for patient education to promote compliance and for creation of reference centers to prescribe ARV therapy to HIV-infected children including second-line ARV and genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kouéta
- Unité de réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle (CHUP-CDG) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
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Sacko A, Wane HR. [Statistical surveys in Mali: on indicators, markers for development]. Pop Sahel 1994:7. [PMID: 12288138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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